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Hashmi HB, Farooq MA, Khan MH, Alshammari A, Aljasham AT, Rashid SA, Khan NR, Hashmi IB, Badar M, Mubarak MS. Collaterally Sensitive β-Lactam Drugs as an Effective Therapy against the Pre-Existing Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Biofilms. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050687. [PMID: 37242471 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the leading causes of nosocomial infections and forms biofilms, which are difficult to eradicate because of their increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents. This is especially true for pre-existing biofilms. The current study focused on evaluating the efficacy of three β-lactam drugs, meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam, alone and in combination against the MRSA biofilms. When used individually, none of the drugs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against MRSA in a planktonic state. At the same time, the combination of meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam showed a 41.7 and 41.3% reduction in planktonic bacterial cell growth, respectively. These drugs were further assessed for biofilm inhibition and removal. The combination of meropenem, piperacillin, and tazobactam caused 44.3% biofilm inhibition, while the rest of the combinations did not show any significant effects. Results also revealed that piperacillin and tazobactam exhibited the best synergy against the pre-formed biofilm of MRSA, with 46% removal. However, adding meropenem to the piperacillin and tazobactam combination showed a slightly reduced activity towards the pre-formed biofilm of MRSA and removed 38.7% of it. Although the mechanism of synergism is not fully understood, our findings suggest that these three β-lactam drugs can be used in combination as very effective therapeutic agents for the treatment of pre-existing MRSA biofilms. The in vivo experiments on the antibiofilm activity of these drugs will pave the way for applying such synergistic combinations to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamna Batool Hashmi
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asad Farooq
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Muhammad Hashim Khan
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Abdulrahman Alshammari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alanoud T Aljasham
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Nanocarriers Research Laboratory, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Rahim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Irum Batool Hashmi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gomal Medical College, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Badar
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amma 11942, Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Ullah N, Amin A, Farid A, Selim S, Rashid SA, Aziz MI, Kamran SH, Khan MA, Rahim Khan N, Mashal S, Mohtasheemul Hasan M. Development and Evaluation of Essential Oil-Based Nanoemulgel Formulation for the Treatment of Oral Bacterial Infections. Gels 2023; 9:gels9030252. [PMID: 36975701 PMCID: PMC10048686 DOI: 10.3390/gels9030252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prevalence of oral infections in diabetic patients is a health challenge due to persistent hyperglycemia. However, despite great concerns, limited treatment options are available. We therefore aimed to develop nanoemulsion gel (NEG) for oral bacterial infections based on essential oils. Clove and cinnamon essential oils based nanoemulgel were prepared and characterized. Various physicochemical parameters of optimized formulation including viscosity (65311 mPa·S), spreadability (36 g·cm/s), and mucoadhesive strength 42.87 N/cm2) were within prescribed limits. The drug contents of the NEG were 94.38 ± 1.12% (cinnamaldehyde) and 92.96 ± 2.08% (clove oil). A significant concentration of clove (73.9%) and cinnamon essential oil (71.2 %) was released from a polymer matrix of the NEG till 24 h. The ex vivo goat buccal mucosa permeation profile revealed a significant (52.7-54.2%) permeation of major constituents which occurred after 24 h. When subjected to antimicrobial testing, significant inhibition was observed for several clinical strains, namely Staphylococcus aureus (19 mm), Staphylococcus epidermidis (19 mm), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4 mm), as well as against Bacillus chungangensis (2 mm), whereas no inhibition was detected for Bacillus paramycoides and Paenibacillus dendritiformis when NEG was utilized. Likewise promising antifungal (Candida albicans) and antiquorum sensing activities were observed. It was therefore concluded that cinnamon and clove oil-based NEG formulation presented significant antibacterial-, antifungal, and antiquorum sensing activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamat Ullah
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Amin
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Samy Selim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Nano Carriers Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran Aziz
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Sairah Hafeez Kamran
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Allied Health and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 05422, Pakistan
| | - Muzammil Ahmad Khan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Nauman Rahim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, KUST, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Saima Mashal
- Natural Products Research Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
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Bibi S, Khan A, Khan AH, Khan MN, Mushtaq S, Rashid SA. Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in CAD patients: A comparison of major adverse cardiovascular events of second- and third-generation drug-eluting stents. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:900798. [PMID: 36467026 PMCID: PMC9709248 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.900798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Biodegradable polymer (BP) drug-eluting stents (DES) have been introduced as a novel solution to the problems of durable polymer (DP) stents. In Pakistan, very few studies are available for the treatment intervention in post-primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) patients. Our study will compare the major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and their predictors in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing PPCI with second- or third-generation DES. Methodology: An observational, retrospective, cohort study was carried out on CAD patients undergoing PPCI with either second- (DP-XIENCE Prime/XIENCE Xpedition) or third-generation (BP-BioMatrix NeoFlex/BioMatrix Alpha) DES. MACEs were assessed after 1 year of PPCI procedure in 341 patients and screened as per inclusion/exclusion criteria (167 in the second-generation group and 174 in the third-generation group). Results: The number of male patients (86.2%) was more than female patients in our study population. MACEs were reported in 4.19% patients after 1 year duration, and the percentage of MACEs was more in the second-generation DES group (4.77%) than in the third-generation group (3.44%); however, statistical analysis has not found any significant difference (p = 0.534). The rate of myocardial infarction (1.19% vs. 0.57%) and stent thrombosis (1.8% vs. 1.15%) was more in the second-generation DES group. However, restenosis (1.19% vs. 1.15%) and cardiac death (0.59% vs. 0.57%) were almost same in both groups. A significant association was found between MACEs and diabetes mellitus (p = 0.025), hypertension (p = 0.035), smoking (p = 0.008), and a family history of CAD (p = 0.018). Conclusion: BP-BioMatrix and DP-XIENCE DES have comparable clinical outcomes. Findings of the current study will assist the policy makers and healthcare providers in the rationalization of scarce resources and evidence-based patient care. However, longer follow-up studies are required for convincing results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amer Hayat Khan
- Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, George Town, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Niaz Khan
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan, Pakistan
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Rehman FU, Farid A, Shah SU, Dar MJ, Rehman AU, Ahmed N, Rashid SA, Shaukat I, Shah M, Albadrani GM, Kamel M, Altyar AE, Abdel-Daim MM, Shah KU. Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems (SEDDS): Measuring Energy Dynamics to Determine Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15091064. [PMID: 36145285 PMCID: PMC9500766 DOI: 10.3390/ph15091064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This research was designed to identify thermodynamically and kinetically stable lipidic self-emulsifying formulations through simple energy dynamics in addition to highlighting and clarifying common ambiguities in the literature in this regard. Proposing a model study, this research shows how most of the professed energetically stable systems are actually energetically unstable, subjected to indiscriminate and false characterization, leading to significant effects for their pharmaceutical applications. A self-emulsifying drug delivery system (SEDDS) was developed and then solidified (S-SEDDS) using a model drug finasteride. Physical nature of SEDDS was identified by measuring simple dynamics which showed that the developed dispersion was thermodynamically unstable. An in vivo study of albino rats showed a three-fold enhanced bioavailability of model drug with SEDDS as compared to the commercial tablets. The study concluded that measuring simple energy dynamics through inherent properties can distinguish between thermodynamically stable and unstable lipidic systems. It might lead to correct identification of a specific lipidic formulation and the application of appropriate characterization techniques accordingly. Future research strategies include improving their pharmaceutical applications and understanding the basic differences in their natures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (K.U.S.)
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, GCPS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Junaid Dar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Asim Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, GCPS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Irfan Shaukat
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
| | - Muddaser Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Oman
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 12211, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E. Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Kifayat Ullah Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (A.F.); (K.U.S.)
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Khattak RZ, Nawaz A, Alnuwaiser MA, Latif MS, Rashid SA, Khan AA, Alamoudi SA. Formulation, In Vitro Characterization and Antibacterial Activity of Chitosan-Decorated Cream Containing Bacitracin for Topical Delivery. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091151. [PMID: 36139931 PMCID: PMC9495230 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Bacitracin is a broad spectrum antibiotic that is used against various microorganisms. Chitosan is a natural polymer that has been widely investigated as an antimicrobial agent for preventing and treating infections owing to its intrinsic antimicrobial properties, as well as its ability to effectively deliver extrinsic antimicrobial compounds to infected areas. Topical drug delivery offers important benefits for improving the therapeutic effect and reducing systemic side effects of administered compounds/drugs. The topical use of chitosan-decorated bacitracin-loaded cream improves the permeation of the drug across the skin and enhances the drug bioavailability by prolonging the residence time of the drug when applied topically, as well as producing synergistic effects and reducing the side effects of the drug. Topical chitosan-decorated cream can be a promising approach to administer the drug more efficiently and enhance the efficacy of treatment in wound healing and antibacterial activity. (2) Methods: This study was conducted to prepare, assess and investigate the synergistic antibacterial activity of a chitosan-coated bacitracin cream. The results were compared to the antibacterial activity of simple bacitracin-loaded cream. The prepared cream was evaluated for various in vitro characteristics such as rheology, pH, viscosity, drug content and antibacterial activity studies. (3) Result: The formulations were found to be stable regarding color, liquefaction and phase separation at all accelerated conditions. It was observed that with time, substantial variations in the pH of the preparations were found. The introduction of chitosan results in controlled release of the drug from the formulations. The antibacterial activity of the formulated creams was assessed with the disc diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus(ATCC),Escherichiacoli (STCC),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(ATCC) and Bacillus cereus(ATCC). The strains, E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa and B. cereus were susceptible to 50 µg chitosan-decorated bacitracin cream, showing inhibition zones of 10 ± 0.6, 34 ± 1.5, 31 ± 0.76 and 21 ± 2.02 mm, respectively. The zones of inhibition for simple bacitracin-loaded cream were significantly smaller than chitosan-decorated cream, at 2 ± 0.2, 28 ± 0.92, 15 ± 0.5 and 11 ± 1.25 mm (ANOVA; p < 0.05), respectively. (4) Conclusion: It was observed that the zones of inhibition of simple bacitracin-loaded cream were significantly smaller than those of chitosan-decorated bacitracin-loaded cream. Chitosan synergistically improves the antimicrobial activity of bacitracin. Hence, the developed formulation was effective and should be considered as a suitable candidate for topical management of skin infections and wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumana Zaib Khattak
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
| | - Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Shahid Latif
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Khan
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Soha A. Alamoudi
- Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21911, Saudi Arabia
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Saleem SS, Khan A, Aman R, Saleem SS, Bibi A, Ahmad N, Mushtaq S, Mehsud S, Green IR, Rashid SA, Khan A, Shah KU. Impact of pharmacist-led educational intervention on knowledge of self-management among asthmatic patients: a prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058861. [PMID: 35705337 PMCID: PMC9204400 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Poor control of asthma in the majority of patients could be partly due to their lack of knowledge concerning disease management, its triggering agents and when to seek advice from the healthcare provider. This study aims to assess the impact of pharmacist-led educational intervention on knowledge of self-management among asthmatic patients. DESIGN A pre-post cohort study. SETTING Outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital affiliated with Quaid-i-Azam University, Pakistan. PARTICIPANTS Approximately 265 adult asthmatic patients selected through a spirometry process, aged ≥18 years, were approached. 240 patients gave consent to participate in the study and were divided into control and treatment groups. INTERVENTIONS The educational intervention consisted of individual patient counselling using educational material with time varied according to each patient's comprehension and previous knowledge. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Assessment consisted of a 14-item Asthma Self-Management Knowledge Questionnaire (ASMQ) quantifying a patient's self-management knowledge through an ASMQ score and its change following an educational intervention. RESULTS Disease self-management knowledge was low with an average raw ASMQ score of 4.1 (max 14); which equates to a transformed score of 29.34 (max 100) and the proportion of patients who correctly answered more than 50% of questions were 16.7% preintervention. More than half of the participants (55%) did not know that asthma cannot be cured. The administration of educational intervention protocols resulted in significantly improved level of knowledge of asthma self-management (<0.001) in the treatment group (mean ASMQ score improved from 4.20 to 9.77). CONCLUSION On baseline visit, patients possessed a poor knowledge about asthma self-management. Educational intervention protocols had a positive impact on improving patients' knowledge about disease self-management. This would suggest that education and self-management skills should be seen as an integral component of asthma management and should be incorporated in structured patient care to achieve optimal asthma control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amjad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rubina Aman
- Department of Pulmonology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Ayesha Bibi
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Usher Institute for Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nafees Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Healthcare Biotechnology, Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah Mehsud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abbottabad University of Science and Technology, Havelian, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Gomal Center of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Latif MS, Nawaz A, Rashid SA, Akhlaq M, Iqbal A, Khan MJ, Khan MS, Lim V, Alfatama M. Formulation of Polymers-Based Methotrexate Patches and Investigation of the Effect of Various Penetration Enhancers: In Vitro, Ex Vivo and In Vivo Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112211. [PMID: 35683883 PMCID: PMC9182619 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare methotrexate-loaded transdermal patches with different blends of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers (Eudragit S-100 and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) at different concentrations. The polymers employed in transdermal patches formulations served as controlled agent. Transdermal patches were prepared using the solvent casting technique. The suitable physicochemical properties were obtained from the formulation F5 (HPMC and Eudragit S-100 (5:1). Various penetration enhancers were employed in different concentrations to investigate their potential for enhancing the drug permeation profile from optimized formulations. A preformulation study was conducted to investigate drug-excipient compatibilities (ATR-FTIR) and the study showed greater compatibility between drug, polymers and excipients. The prepared patches containing different penetration enhancers at different concentrations were subjected for evaluating different physicochemical parameters and in vitro drug release studies. The obtained data were added to various kinetic models, then formulated patch formulations were investigated for ex vivo permeation studies, in vivo studies and skin drug retention studies. The prepared patches showed elastic, smooth and clear nature with good thickness, drug content, % moisture uptake and weight uniformity. The prepared transdermal patches showed % drug content ranging from 91.43 ± 2.90 to 98.37 ± 0.56, % swelling index from 36.98 ± 0.19 to 75.32 ± 1.21, folding endurance from 61 ± 3.14 to 78 ± 1.54 and tensile strength from 8.54 ± 0.18 to 12.87 ± 0.50. The formulation F5, containing a greater amount of hydrophilic polymers (HPMC), showed increased drug release and permeation and drug retention when compared to other formulated transdermal patch formulations (F1-F9). No significant change was observed during a stability study for a period of 60 days. The rabbit skin samples were subjected to ATR-FTIR studies, which revealed that polymers and penetration enhancers have affected skin proteins (ceramides and keratins). The pharmacokinetic profiling of optimized formulation (F5) as well as formulations with optimized concentrations of penetration enhancers revealed Cmax ranged 167.80 ng/mL to 178.07 ± 2.75 ng/mL, Tmax was 8 h to 10 h, and t1/2 was 15.9 ± 2.11 to 21.49 ± 1.16. From the in vivo studies, it was revealed that the formulation F5-OA-10% exhibited greater skin drug retention as compared to other formulations. These results depicted that prepared methotrexate transdermal patches containing different blends of hydrophobic and hydrophilic polymers along with different penetration enhancers could be safely used for the management of psoriasis. The formulated transdermal patches exhibited sustained release of drug with good permeations and retention profile. Hence, these formulated transdermal patches can effectively be used for the management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Latif
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (M.J.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (V.L.); or (M.A.)
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Muhammad Akhlaq
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Asif Iqbal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (M.J.K.)
| | - Muhammad Jamil Khan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.); (M.A.); (A.I.); (M.J.K.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shuaib Khan
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Vuanghao Lim
- Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas 13200, Penang, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (V.L.); or (M.A.)
| | - Mulham Alfatama
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Besut Campus, Besut 22200, Terengganu, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (A.N.); (V.L.); or (M.A.)
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Saadullah M, Asif M, Uzair M, Afzal S, Rashid SA, Rashad M, Bashir R, Mahmood S, Ara batool J. Pharmacological evaluation of the hypoglycemic and anti- Alzheimer’s activities of aerial parts of Breynia distachia (Phyllanthaceae). TROP J PHARM RES 2022. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v21i3.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the cytotoxic, bronchorelaxant, spasmolytic, antidiabetic, α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, α-chymotrypsin and lipoxygenase inhibitory attributes of methanol and dichloromethane extracts of the aerial parts of Breynia distachia.Methods: The dichloromethane and methanol extracts of the aerial parts of the plant were prepared by maceration. Various ex vivo assays were employed, such as the brine shrimp lethality assay, lipoxygenase inhibitory activity assay, α-glucosidase inhibitory assay and α-chymotrypsin assay, as well as assays to assess the spasmolytic and bronchorelaxant activity. Meanwhile, the hypoglycaemic effect were analysed using an alloxan-induced diabetic model in Wistar albino rats.Results: The methanol extract (aerial) showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) cytotoxicity towards brine shrimp larvae at concentrations of 10, 100 and 1,000 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the dichloromethane extract (aerial) of the plant showed non-significant (p ≥ 0.05) results. The methanol extract (aerial parts) also demonstrated significant (p ≤ 0.05) α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity, with IC50 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) values of 40.37 ± 5.29 μg/mL and 132.9 ± 0.33 μg/mL, respectively, while the dichloromethane extract exhibited significant (p ≤ 0.05) α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 135.43 ± 8.29 μg/mL. An in vivo antidiabetic model showed that the administration of 150 and 300 mg/kg methanol extract of the aerial parts significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lowered the blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats compared to control (treated with water).Conclusion: Data from different in vitro and in vivo models suggest that the methanol extract (aerial parts) of B. distachia shows significant cytotoxic, bronchorelaxant, spasmolytic, antidiabetic and anti-Alzheimer’s activity Hence, these findings validate the folkloric use of B. distachia and highlight the need to further explore its medicinal potential and the phytoconstituents responsible for its pharmacological actions.
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Latif MS, Al-Harbi FF, Nawaz A, Rashid SA, Farid A, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Hawaj MAA, Alhashem YN. Formulation and Evaluation of Hydrophilic Polymer Based Methotrexate Patches: In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071310. [PMID: 35406184 PMCID: PMC9002860 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study attempted to develop and evaluate controlled-release matrix-type transdermal patches with different ratios of hydrophilic polymers (sodium carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) for the local delivery of methotrexate. Transdermal patches were formulated by employing a solvent casting technique using blends of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) polymers as rate-controlling agents. The F1 formulated patch served as the control formulation with a 1:1 polymer concentration. The F9 formulation served as our optimized formulation due to suitable physicochemical properties yielded through the combination of CMC-Na and HPMC (5:1). Drug excipient compatibilities (ATR-FTIR) were performed as a preformulation study. The ATR-FTIR study depicted great compatibility between the drug and the polymers. Physicochemical parameters, kinetic modeling, in vitro drug release, ex vivo drug permeation, skin drug retention, and in vivo studies were also carried out for the formulated patches. The formulated patches exhibited a clear, smooth, elastic nature with good weight uniformity, % moisture uptake, drug content, and thickness. Physicochemical characterization revealed folding endurance ranging from 62 ± 2.21 to 78 ± 1.54, tensile strength from 9.42 ± 0.52 to 12.32 ± 0.72, % swelling index from 37.16 ± 0.17 to 76.24 ± 1.37, and % drug content from 93.57 ± 5.34 to 98.19 ± 1.56. An increase in the concentration of the CMC-Na polymer (F9) resulted in increased drug release from the formulated transdermal patches. Similarly, drug permeation and retention were found to be higher in the F9 formulation compared to the other formulations (F1–F8). A drug retention analysis revealed that the F9 formulation exhibited 13.43% drug retention in the deep layers of the skin compared to other formulations (F1–F8). The stability study indicated that, during the study period of 60 days, no significant changes in the drug content and physical characteristics were found. ATR-FTIR analysis of rabbit skin samples treated with the formulated transdermal patches revealed that hydrophilic polymers mainly affect the skin proteins (ceramide and keratins). A pharmacokinetic profile revealed Cmax was 1.77.38 ng/mL, Tmax was 12 h, and t1/2 was 17.3 ± 2.21. In vivo studies showed that the skin drug retention of F9 was higher compared to the drug solution. These findings reinforce that methotrexate-based patches can possibly be used for the management of psoriasis. This study can reasonably conclude that methotrexate transdermal matrix-type patches with CMC-Na and HPMC polymers at different concentrations effectively sustain drug release with prime permeation profiles and better bioavailability. Therefore, these formulated patches can be employed for the potential management of topical diseases, such as psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Latif
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Fatemah F. Al-Harbi
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (M.S.L.); (S.A.R.)
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Alahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J. Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Maitham A. Al Hawaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yousef N. Alhashem
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Mohammed Al-Mana College for Medical Sciences, Dammam 34222, Saudi Arabia;
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Naseem F, Shah SU, Rashid SA, Farid A, Almehmadi M, Alghamdi S. Metronidazole Based Floating Bioadhesive Drug Delivery System for Potential Eradication of H. pylori: Preparation and In Vitro Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14030519. [PMID: 35160508 PMCID: PMC8838680 DOI: 10.3390/polym14030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metronidazole has the potential to produce local stomach specific action in order to treat Helicobacter pylori induced peptic ulcer disease. The current project executes the development of osmotically controlled bioadhesive metronidazole loaded effervescent floating tablets with optimized floating and swelling behavior. Direct compression technique was used to prepare the tablets. The designed formulations exhibited physico-chemical properties within acceptable optimum limits as per pharmacopeial requirements. The results of tablet floating studies revealed that all formulations, except F1 and F5, had good buoyancy characteristics (TFT > 12 h except F2 and F8 with TFT of 6 h). Formulation F2 containing guar gum in higher concentration with carbopol and formulation F8 containing guar gum in 50% decreased concentration in combination with HPMC and carbopol had enhanced FLT appreciably, with least TFT as compared to formulations F3, F4, and F6 (ANOVA; p ≤ 0.05). Formulation batches of F3, F4, and F6 exhibited appreciable FLT as well as TFT and were optimized formulations. Out of the above mentioned optimized batches, F4 and F6 formulations showed low FLT (4 and 5 s respectively). The results of the swelling study indicated a proportionate increase in the swelling index with increase in time. A significantly higher swelling ratio was found with formulation F6 and F4 compared with that of F7 and F8 (ANOVA; p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, the impact of pH change, agitational intensity, as well as increasing concentration of NaCl was investigated on drug release. It was observed that agitational intensity had no effect on drug release rate while increasing concentration of NaCl produced an increased drug release from the dosage form as compared to the drug release exhibited by the formulations in the absence of NaCl. Overall, this project could have valuable contribution in the fabrication of metronidazole loaded effervescent floating tablets. Gastro-retentive systems are expected to enhance local stomach specific action of anti H. pylori agents based on their buoyancy and swelling behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Naseem
- Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, GCPS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.N.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Shefaat Ullah Shah
- Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, GCPS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.N.); (S.U.S.)
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Skin/Regenerative Medicine and Drug Delivery Research, GCPS, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (F.N.); (S.U.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 26571, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Saad Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah al-Mukarramah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
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Hussain HR, Bashir S, Khan DH, Shahzadi I, Rashid SA, Khan MH, Abdullah Z, Mahmood A, Sarfraz M. Optimization and validation of an analytical method for the estimation of methotrexate in rabbit plasma. Pak J Pharm Sci 2022; 35:267-272. [PMID: 35228187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an anticancer drug used for the treatment of various cancers and autoimmune diseases. In this study, High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method was developed and validated for the estimation of MTX in rabbit plasma with high estimation rate and recovery. Various validation parameters like, sensitivity, sample recovery, accuracy and precision analysis were studied. The pre-saturated reversed C18 end capped HPLC column was used to separate MTX present in rabbit plasma. A solvent mixture of 100mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 and acetonitrile (92:8 percent v/v) was employed as the mobile phase. Analysis was carried out at ʎ max 303 nm and retention time of MTX was found 5.32 min. During the method development and validation ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines were strictly followed. Developed method was found excellent in terms of recovery of MTX from plasma samples (98.6%). It is obvious from the current study that the developed HPLC method can be utilized to analyze the level of MTX in patients. Furthermore, the cost of the developed method for the determination of MTX would be very low as compared to the previously reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sajid Bashir
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Daulat Haleem Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Irum Shahzadi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Hashim Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Gomal center of biotechnology and biochemistry, University of Agriculture Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Zaineb Abdullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Rashid SA, Bashir S, Naseem F, Farid A, Rather IA, Hakeem KR. Olive Oil Based Methotrexate Loaded Topical Nanoemulsion Gel for the Treatment of Imiquimod Induced Psoriasis-like Skin Inflammation in an Animal Model. Biology (Basel) 2021; 10:biology10111121. [PMID: 34827114 PMCID: PMC8615261 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Psoriasis, being chronic inflammatory illness, provoked by genetic and environmental factors is linked to several other life-threatening diseases. Methotrexate is regarded as gold standard for the management of psoriasis, so an attempt was made to incorporate this drug into nanoemulsion gel. Thus olive oil based formulation was fabricated to target animal model induced psoriasis- like skin inflammation. The optimized methotrexate nanoemulsion gel formulation produced a psoriasis area and severity Index (PASI) decrease that was similar or better than the 91% reduction seen in the methotrexate tablet group. The results of this study revealed effectiveness of methotrexate nanoemulsion gel formulation to treat psoriasis and reduce the remission of psoriasis-like symptoms. Abstract Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory illness, is on the rise and is linked to several other life-threatening diseases. The primary goal of this study was to create a nanoemulsion gel loaded with methotrexate and olive oil (MTX NEG). The formulation was evaluated for physicochemical characterization, entrapment efficiency, drug release kinetics, skin permeation studies and stability tests. In addition, the efficacy of MTX NEG against psoriasis was tested using imiquimod-induced psoriasis in a rat model. The final optimized MTX NEG was developed with a particle size of 202.6 ± 11.59 nm and a PDI of 0.233 ± 0.01, with a 76.57 ± 2.48% average entrapment efficiency. After 20 h, the release kinetics predicted a 72.47% drug release at pH 5.5. FTIR findings demonstrated that the optimized MTX NEG formulation effectively fluidized both the epidermis and dermis of the skin, potentially increasing drug permeability and retention. The application of Tween 80 and PEG 400, on the other hand, significantly enhanced these effects, as these are well known penetration enhancers. After 24 h, an average of 70.78 ± 5.8 μg/cm2 of methotrexate was permeated from the nanoemulsion gel with a flux value of 2.078 ± 0.42 μg/cm2/h, according to permeation measurements. Finally, in vivo experiments on rabbit skin revealed that the increased skin penetration of methotrexate-loaded nanoemulsion gel was not due to structural alterations in intercellular lipid layers in the stratum corneum. In vivo antipsoriatic studies on rats revealed that MTX NEG produced a PASI decrease that was extremely similar and even better than the 91% reduction seen in the MTX tablet group. According to the pharmacokinetic profile, Cmax was 8.5 μg/mL, Tmax was 12 h, and t1/2 was 15.5 ± 2.37 h. These findings reinforce that MTX-NEG based on olive oil could be a possible treatment for psoriasis and could decrease the remission of psoriasis-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
- Correspondence: (S.A.R.); (I.A.R.); (K.R.H.)
| | - Sajid Bashir
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan;
| | - Faiza Naseem
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan;
| | - Irfan A. Rather
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.R.); (I.A.R.); (K.R.H.)
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al- Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (S.A.R.); (I.A.R.); (K.R.H.)
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13
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Rashid SA, Bashir S, Ullah H, Shah KU, Khan DH, Shah PA, Danish MZ, Khan MH, Mahmood S, Sohaib M, Irfan MM, Amin A. Development, characterization and optimization of methotrexate-olive oil nano-emulsion for topical application. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:205-215. [PMID: 34275844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The chronic inflammatory conditions like psoriasis has an increased prevalence and is linked with various associated life threatening disease conditions. The main objective of this project was to developed a methotrexate-olive loaded nano emulsion. The formulation was assessed for various parameters including Thermodynamic Stability, physico-chemically characterization, drug release kinetics and entrapment efficiency and in vitro/ in vivo skin permeation analysis. Final optimized formulation had a particle size 18.27±5.78 nm with a PDI of 0.25±0.01, whereas the average entrapment efficiency of formulation was 74.68±2.1%. The release kinetics suggested 97.72% drug release at pH 5 after 20 hrs. The FTIR data confirmed that the chemical structure of drug is retained with efficient loading into the formulation. Permeation data showed that an average of 79.23±3.6μg/cm2 of methotrexate was permeated from the nano emulsion with an average flux of 2.326±0.45μg/cm2/h after 24 hrs. Finally in vivo studies on rabbit skin confirmed that the structural changes of intercellular lipid layers in the stratum corneum are not responsible for enhanced skin permeation of methotrexate loaded nano emulsion. It was concluded that olive oil based MTX-NE is suitable for topical application and can be used for management of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan/ Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Bashir
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hashmat Ullah
- Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Daulat Haleem Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Pervaiz Akhtar Shah
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Hashim Khan
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saima Mahmood
- Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Adnan Amin
- Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University D.I. Khan, Pakistan
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Ullah A, Mustafa G, Hanif M, Mohibullah M, Bakhsh S, Rashid SA, Zaman A, Rehman F, Khan BA, Amin A. Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of traditional medicinal plant from Sheikh Buddin range. Pak J Pharm Sci 2019; 32:1313-1319. [PMID: 31551209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
During current project, antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of traditional medicinal plant Ziziphus nummularia leaf extract and various fractions was investigated. The plant leaves were dried and extracted using 90% methanol followed by sequential fractionation using liquid-liquid fractionation. The fractions of a diverse polarity including chloroform, n-hexane, methanol and ethyl acetate and aqueous extracts were obtained that was further analysed by using HPLC. The phytochemical screening indicated presence of saponins, triterpenes and flavonoids. During DPPH assay, the methanolic fraction presented highest activity (IC50 193.1μg/mL), followed by ethyl acetate (IC50 220μg/mL) and chloroform (IC50 263μg/mL) fractions respectively. During FRAP assay, FRAP value for Z. nummularia extract 20.43μM. Among fractions, ethyl acetate fraction presented highest FRAP value (370.2μM), followed by chloroform (204μM) and methanolic (249μM) fractions. The antimicrobial activity of chloroform fraction was significantly high against P. aureginosa (6mm), L. monocytogenes, S. aureus (5mm), K. pneumoniae, B. Subtillus and E. coli (4mm). The ethyl acetate part presented significant activity (MIC 4mg/mL) against S. aureus, B. Subtillus and L. monocytogenes. The total extract and fractions were further tested for MBC and the MBC for ethyl acetate fractions was 4mg/mL, whereas all other fractions exhibited MBC >10mg/mL. No activity was recorded against Aspergillus niger. During antibiofilm assay, n-hexane fraction presented highest inhibition (88%) followed by ethyl acetate (69%) chloroform (65%) fractions. It was concluded that Z. nummularia possess moderate antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities. Further a synergistic effect is suggested in formulation having Z. nummularia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Mustafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hanif
- Gomal centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (GCBB), Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | | | - Sattar Bakhsh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Sheikh Abdur Rashid
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Ali Zaman
- Institute of Microbiology, Gomal University, D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Fazal Rehman
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Barkat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Amin
- NPRL, Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University D.I. Khan, KPK, Pakistan
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Abstract
This study investigated 84 cantilevered resin-bonded bridges (CRBB) in 60 patients. These CRBB (single retainer, single pontic) had been in place for an average of 43.6 months. Periodontal health was assessed on abutment teeth and contralateral control teeth. Periodontal indices utilized were Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding Index (BI), Pocket Depth (PD) and mobility. The marginal adaptation, the gingival extension of the retainers and the presence or absence of caries around each retainer margin were also assessed. Information about the history of debonding was collected and a success rate of 93% was reported. PI, GI and mean PD compared statistically significantly, less favourably, with scores of the control teeth. Marginal adaptation of the retainers was of a high standard and caries did not appear to be a problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rashid
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
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Abstract
In this study we have found that NMR detectability of 39K in rat thigh muscle may be substantially higher (up to 100% of total tissue potassium) than values previously reported of around 40%. The signal was found to consist of two superimposed components, one broad and one narrow, of approximately equal area. Investigations involving improvements in spectral parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio and baseline roll, together with computer simulations of spectra, show that the quality of the spectra has a major effect on the amount of signal detected, which is largely due to the loss of detectability of the broad signal component. In particular, lower-field spectrometers using conventional probes and detection methods generally have poorer signal-to-noise and worse baseline roll artifacts, which make detection of a broad component of the muscle signal difficult.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Rashid
- School of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Victorian College of Pharmacy Ltd, Parkville, Australia
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Abstract
Lymphocyte transformation tests to CMV were carried out on young healthy adults from Britain and Iraq. Positive results were obtained in all of 28 seropositive British subjects as compared to 17 of 33 (51.5%) seropositive Iraqis; moreover, stimulation index values in the British group (mean 11.58) were significantly higher than in the Iraqi group (mean 2.84). Attempts to relate these differences to demographic characteristics, antibody response to CMV, including the response to early antigens, lymphoproliferative response to herpes simplex virus, and to phytohaemagglutinin and the presence of blocking factors were unrewarding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Booth
- Department of Virology, St. George's Hospital Medical School, University of London, England
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Hamilton I, Rashid SA, Benson EA, Axon AT, Reis LD, Clayden AD. Association between carcinoma of the pancreas and carcinoma of the breast. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 1982; 8:89-90. [PMID: 7075049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Abstract
In 104 patients with gastric cancer the serum proteins carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) (orosomucoid) and alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were measured pre-operatively. The estimated median survival of patients with both raised CEA and ACT was only 5 weeks in contrast to 64 weeks for those with both proteins normal. An intermediary group with one of these proteins raised and the other normal had an estimated median survival of 15 weeks. Similar results were obtained by considering a combination of CEA with either AGP or CRP. For these data the results were not explicable in terms of associations between survival time and patient's age, stage, operative procedure, histological classification or site of primary tumour.
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Abstract
It was felt that the apparent specificity of the amylase-to-creatine clearance ratio (ACCR) in several previous studies of pancreatitis might reflect a failure to utilize adequately ill control subjects. The ACCR and the renal clearances of beta 2-microglobulin (B2-m), similarly related to creatinine (BCCR) as well as the urinary concentration of albumin, were compared in 27 patients with acute pancreatitis, 8 with a perforated peptic ulcer and 7 with mild biliary colic, during the first 5 days in hospital. Acute pancreatitis was graded as mild (6), moderate (14) or severe (7), using a combination of clinical data, diagnostic peritoneal lavage and multiple criteria. Further assessment of the severity of the acute illness was obtained from measurement of C-reactive protein (C-RP). Lowest C-RP levels were found in the patients with mild pancreatitis and biliary colic, and highest levels in the patients with severe pancreatitis and perforated ulcer (P less than 0.002). Similarly, ACCR and BCCR levels were significantly lower in the two mild groups than in the two severe ones (P less than 0.01 and less than 0.002 respectively), although plasma amylase was raised only in patients with pancreatitis and plasma B2-m was similar in all groups. Electrophoresis of urine showed dense bands of tubuloprotein in patients from both severe groups. Urine albumin was higher in severe pancreatitis than in perforated ulcer (P less than 0.1), perhaps indicating a more specific glomerular lesion in pancreatitis. Thus a rise in amylase clearance appeared to be related to the severity of the acute illness, and may be a component of a non-specific tubuloproteinuria. In this study patients with a perforated peptic ulcer had increases in ACCR similar to those seen in patients with severe pancreatitis, and we are therefore doubtful whether ACCR has any role in the clinical diagnosis of pancreatic disease.
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Abstract
The levels of serum beta 2-m in hepato-biliary disease have been examined. Significant increase has been observed in various benign and malignant diseases of the liver, but not in jaundice due to acute pancreatitis. The age-dependent relationship of beta 2-m is present in controls, weaker in the malignant diseases and absent in the benign diseases. The level of beta 2-m is not influenced by jaundice. Serum beta 2-m levels have no role as a discriminant in liver disease.
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Hirschowitz AS, Rashid SA, Cleaton-Jones PE. Dental caries, gingival health and malocclusion in 12-year-old urban Black schoolchildren from Soweto, Johannesburg. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1981; 9:87-90. [PMID: 6946888 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.1981.tb01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Rashid SA, Cooper EH, Axon AT, Eaves G. Serum beta 2-microglobulin in malignant and benign diseases of the stomach and pancreas. Biomedicine 1980; 33:112-6. [PMID: 6159008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The levels of serum beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m) were measured in 480 patients suffering from gastric cancer, pancreatic cancer and benign diseases of the stomach and pancreas. Elevated levels were found in both cancer and benign diseases, although they were more frequent in cancer. However, these differences did not appear to have any diagnostic significance, there was no evidence that the level of serum beta 2-microglobulin bore any relation to the prognosis in carcinoma of the stomach or in carcinoma of the pancreas.
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