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Spijkers-Shaw S, Devlin R, Shields NJ, Feng X, Peck T, Lenihan-Geels G, Davis C, Young SL, La Flamme AC, Zubkova OV. Synthesis and Detection of BODIPY-, Biotin-, and 19 F- Labeled Single-Entity Dendritic Heparan Sulfate Mimetics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316791. [PMID: 38308859 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Heparin and heparan sulfate (HS) are naturally occurring mammalian glycosaminoglycans, and their synthetic and semi-synthetic mimetics have attracted significant interest as potential therapeutics. However, understanding the mechanism of action by which HS, heparin, and HS mimetics have a biological effect is difficult due to their highly charged nature, broad protein interactomes, and variable structures. To address this, a library of novel single-entity dendritic mimetics conjugated to BODIPY, Fluorine-19 (19 F), and biotin was synthesized for imaging and localization studies. The novel dendritic scaffold allowed for the conjugation of labeling moieties without reducing the number of sulfated capping groups, thereby better mimicking the multivalent nature of HS-protein interactions. The 19 F labeled mimetics were assessed in phantom studies and were detected at concentrations as low as 5 mM. Flow cytometric studies using a fluorescently labeled mimetic showed that the compound associated with immune cells from tumors more readily than splenic counterparts and was directed to endosomal-lysosomal compartments within immune cells and cancer cells. Furthermore, the fluorescently labeled mimetic entered the central nervous system and was detectable in brain-infiltrating immune cells 24 hours after treatment. Here, we report the enabling methodology for rapidly preparing various labeled HS mimetics and molecular probes with diverse potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Spijkers-Shaw
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Rory Devlin
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Nicholas J Shields
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiang Feng
- MR Solutions Ltd., Guildford, Surrey, GU3 1LR, UK
- Sydney Imaging, Core Research Facility, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tessa Peck
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Lenihan-Geels
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Connor Davis
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - Sarah L Young
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia
- Faculty of Science, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Anne C La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Gracefield Research Centre, Lower Hutt, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn Parade, Wellington, New Zealand
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Peck T, Davis C, Lenihan-Geels G, Griffiths M, Spijkers-Shaw S, Zubkova OV, La Flamme AC. The novel HS-mimetic, Tet-29, regulates immune cell trafficking across barriers of the CNS during inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:251. [PMID: 37915090 PMCID: PMC10619265 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruption of the extracellular matrix at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) underpins neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS). The degradation of extracellular matrix components, such as heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans, can be prevented by treatment with HS-mimetics through their ability to inhibit the enzyme heparanase. The heparanase-inhibiting ability of our small dendrimer HS-mimetics has been investigated in various cancers but their efficacy in neuroinflammatory models has not been evaluated. This study investigates the use of a novel HS-mimetic, Tet-29, in an animal model of MS. METHODS Neuroinflammation was induced in mice by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of MS. In addition, the BBB and choroid plexus were modelled in vitro using transmigration assays, and migration of immune cells in vivo and in vitro was quantified by flow cytometry. RESULTS We found that Tet-29 significantly reduced lymphocyte accumulation in the central nervous system which, in turn, decreased disease severity in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The disease-modifying effect of Tet-29 was associated with a rescue of BBB integrity, as well as inhibition of activated lymphocyte migration across the BBB and choroid plexus in transwell models. In contrast, Tet-29 did not significantly impair in vivo or in vitro steady state-trafficking under homeostatic conditions. CONCLUSIONS Together these results suggest that Tet-29 modulates, rather than abolishes, trafficking across central nervous system barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa Peck
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Connor Davis
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Georgia Lenihan-Geels
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Maddie Griffiths
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sam Spijkers-Shaw
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Anne Camille La Flamme
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery Wellington, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
- Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand.
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Spijkers-Shaw S, Campbell K, Shields NJ, Miller JH, Rendle PM, Jiao W, Young SL, Zubkova OV. Synthesis of novel glycolipid mimetics of heparan sulfate and their application in colorectal cancer treatment in a mouse model. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200228. [PMID: 35427432 PMCID: PMC9324168 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Heparan sulfate (HS) is a highly sulfated natural carbohydrate that plays crucial roles in cancer, inflammation, and angiogenesis. Heparanase (HPSE) is the sole HS degrading endoglycosidase that cleaves HS at structure‐dependent sites along the polysaccharide chain. Overexpression of HPSE by cancer cells correlates with increased tumor size and enhanced metastasis. Previously we have shown that a tetramer HS mimetic is a potent HPSE inhibitor displaying remarkable anticancer activity in vivo. Building on that work, we report the synthesis and testing of a novel library of single entity trimer glycolipid mimetics that effectively inhibit HPSE at low nanomolar concentrations. A lipophilic arm was introduced to assess whether an improvement of pharmacokinetics and plasma residence time would offset the reduction in charge and multivalency. Preclinical tests in a mouse syngeneic model showed effective tumor growth inhibition by the tetramer but not the trimer glycomimetic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Spijkers-Shaw
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Katrin Campbell
- University of Otago Department of Pathology, Dunedin School of Medicine NEW ZEALAND
| | - Nicholas J. Shields
- The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health AUSTRALIA
| | - John H. Miller
- Victoria University of Wellington School of Biological sciences Wellington NEW ZEALAND
| | - Phillip M. Rendle
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Wanting Jiao
- Victoria University of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute NEW ZEALAND
| | - Sarah L. Young
- The University of Sydney School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health AUSTRALIA
| | - Olga V Zubkova
- Victoria Universtity of Wellington Ferrier Research Institute 69 Gracefield RdGracefield Research Centre 5040 Lower Hutt NEW ZEALAND
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