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Chantiri M, Nammour S, El Toum S, Zeinoun T. Histological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Rh-BMP2: Effect on Gingival Healing Acceleration and Proliferation of Human Epithelial Cells. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:459. [PMID: 38672730 PMCID: PMC11051349 DOI: 10.3390/life14040459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to histologically and immunohistochemically evaluate the effect recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rh-BMP2) injected in gingival tissue has on the acceleration of the epithelial migration from the wound edges and epithelial cell proliferation after implant surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study includes 20 patients who underwent bilateral implant surgeries in the premolar-molar region of the mandible, followed by guided bone regeneration. Each patient received an implant in both locations, but rh-BMP2 was only on the right side. At 9 days from the surgery, a gingival biopsy was performed 3 mm distally to the last implant. In total, 20 samples were collected from the left side (control group #1) and 20 from right (test group #1). This was repeated at a 4-month interval during healing abutment placements. Tissues were processed and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and then immunohistochemically for the expression of Ki-67 and further histological examination. RESULT Complete closure of the epithelium with new cell formation was observed in the 55% test group and 20% control group after 9 days. At 4 months, although 100% samples of all groups had complete epithelial closure, the test group showed that the epithelial cells were more organized and mature due to the increased number of blood vessels. The average number of new epithelial cells was 17.15 ± 7.545 and 16.12 ± 7.683 cells per mm in test group, respectively, at 9 days and 4 months and 10.99 ± 5.660 and 10.95 ± 5.768 in control groups. CONCLUSION Evident from histological observations, rh-BMP-2 can accelerate the closure of gingival wounds, the healing process of epithelial gingival tissue, and the formation of epithelial cells in patients undergoing dental implant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Chantiri
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 27798, Lebanon;
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Sami El Toum
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 27798, Lebanon;
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 27798, Lebanon
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El Mobadder M, Nammour S. Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Management of "Black Triangles" Due to the Absence of the Gingival Interdental Papilla. Cureus 2024; 16:e54682. [PMID: 38524013 PMCID: PMC10960618 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.54682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The absence of an interdental papilla, termed "black triangle," presents a challenge in aesthetic restorations. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is the non-thermal therapeutic use of light in order to positively modulate biological activity and has shown promise in tissue regeneration, wound healing, and inflammation reduction. This case report introduces a modified PBM protocol known as "hemolasertherapy" aimed at regenerating the gingival interdental papilla to fill the black triangle. In this case report, a 34-year-old female with an unaesthetic black triangle between the maxillary central incisors presented for treatment. Before surgical intervention, our suggested protocol was proposed and explained, detailing potential risks and outcomes. After proper scaling root planning, a suggested protocol with PBM was made. PBM application with a 635 nm wavelength diode laser at four points around the area between the two maxillary central incisors was made: coronal third and apical third of the papilla and mesial and distal of the papilla. Then, bleeding was provoked with a curette inside the sulcus between 11 and 21 (concerned area) by applying pressure on the junctional epithelium and the supracrestal connective tissue. After a few seconds, blood spontaneously filled the "black triangle" coronal to the interdental papilla and was left undisturbed. At this point, PBM was applied again on the same four points already described. The irradiation parameters during all PBM treatments were contact mode and continuous mode, 635 nm wavelength, spot size of 8mm, power of 50 mW, irradiation time on each point of 50 seconds, and energy density of 4.976 J/cm2. After the intervention, the patient was prohibited from smoking, using mouthwash, drinking, and brushing for two hours. The exact same procedure was repeated five and 10 days after the first intervention. Follow-up was made for three months after the intervention. The assessment indicated a minor increase in the papilla height, which was not enough for a complete closure of the "black triangle." However, there was a reduction in the appearance of the black triangle. This case report suggests that PBM if used within our suggested protocol can increase the height of the gingival interdental papilla leading to a more pleasant aesthetic appearance. It is important to note that its effectiveness might be limited to specific conditions. In summary, the presented case report showcased a slight extension of the gingival interdental papilla. Further studies are essential to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Sciences, University of Liege, Faculty of Medicine, Liege, BEL
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, University of Liege, Faculty of Medicine, Liege, BEL
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Chantiri M, Nammour S, El Toum S, Zeinoun T. Effect of rh-BMP-2 in the Initiation of Neovascularization in Human Gingival Tissue: A Split-Mouth Clinical Study. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2298. [PMID: 38137899 PMCID: PMC10744365 DOI: 10.3390/life13122298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect on the initiation of new blood vessel formation of rh-BMP-2 administration in the human gingival tissue during bone regeneration surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS The randomized controlled clinical trial included twenty patients with bilateral partial edentulous of the mandibular premolar and molar region. Each patient received one implants on each side. Only one side received a 0.25 µg injection of rhBMP-2 into the gingival flap and grafted material during guided bone regeneration (GBR) for dental implantation. And the other side received GBR without injection. Three samples were collected from each patient as follows: one from the anterior area of the mandible (control group #1) collected at the time of all implant surgeries, and the two other samples during the placement of healing abutments at 4 months of follow-up, from treated side with rh-BMP-2 (test group) and untreated ones (control group #2). A total of 60 gingival samples were collected. Samples were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and immunohistochemistry was performed with a vascular endothelial growth factor marker. The number of new vessels in each sample was counted. RESULT Statistical analyses showed a significantly higher number of new vessels in the gingival tissue of the test group. CONCLUSIONS Rh-BMP-2 injections into the gingival flap significantly improved new blood vessel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Chantiri
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 27798, Lebanon;
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Sami El Toum
- Department of Oral Medicine and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 27798, Lebanon;
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 27798, Lebanon;
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El Mobadder M, Nammour S, Grzech-Leśniak K. Photodynamic Therapy with Tolonium Chloride and a Diode Laser (635 nm) in the Non-Surgical Management of Periodontitis: A Clinical Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5270. [PMID: 37629310 PMCID: PMC10455230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) using tolonium chloride and a 635 nm diode laser as an adjunct to non-surgical periodontitis treatment, specifically scaling and root planing (SRP) alone. A total of 32 patients with a pocket probing depth > 5 mm were included in the study. Among them, 16 patients underwent SRP alone (control group), and the remaining 16 patients received SRP along with PDT (study group). The PDT procedure utilized a 635 nm diode laser (Smart M, Lasotronix, Poland) and tolonium chloride. Clinical periodontal parameters, such as the plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (GR), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL), were assessed before treatment (T0) and at 3 months after treatment (T3). At T3, both groups demonstrated a significant reduction in the PI, BOP, PD, and CAL compared to T0. The SRP + PDT group displayed a significant reduction in PPD (3.79 mm ± 0.35) compared to the SRP alone group (4.85 mm ± 0.42) at T3. Furthermore, the SRP + PDT group exhibited a significant reduction in CAL (5.01 ± 0.81) compared to the SRP group (5.99 ± 1.08) at T3. Within the study's limitations, it was concluded that PDT, with tolonium chloride and a 635 nm diode laser, significantly contributed to the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Laser Laboratory, Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory, Oral Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0566, USA
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El Mobadder M, Grzech-Lesniak Z, El Mobadder W, Rifai M, Ghandour M, Nammour S. Management of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw with Photobiomodulation and Minimal Surgical Intervention. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050127. [PMID: 37232778 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a relatively common pathology occurring in around 5% of patients taking bisphosphate and other antiresorptive or anti-angiogenic medications. Despite the efforts, as of today there is still no consensus on its management. In this case report, the successful management of stage II MRONJ was performed for an eighty-three-year-old female patient suffering from pain and alteration in her normal oral functions (swallowing and phonation). The treatment consisted of three sessions of photobiomodulation therapy (PBM), followed by minimal surgical intervention and three other sessions of PBM. PBM was applied on the sites of osteonecrosis with the follow parameters: 4 J/cm2; a power of 50 mW; 8 mm applicator diameter; a continuous contact mode. Irradiation was performed on three points, including the vestibular, occlusal and lingual parts of each of the bone exposure areas. Each point was irradiated for 40 s, and, in total, nine points were made per session, and nine sessions were conducted. To assess the pain, a visual analogue scale was used in which zero represented no pain at all and ten represented the greatest pain. At the first session and before any intervention, the patient stated that her pain was 8 out of 10. At the end of the treatment, a significant reduction in VAS was noted (2/10) and, clinically, a healing of the soft tissue in the previously exposed bone was observed. This case report suggests that the combination of PBM with surgical intervention is promising in the management of MRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | | | - Wassim El Mobadder
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Specialist' DS Polyclinics, Saida 1600, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Rifai
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 6573/14, Lebanon
| | - Maher Ghandour
- Department of Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Nahas P, Houeis S, Chamboredon R, Heysselaer D, Zeinoun T, Nammour S. Assessment of the Periodontal Cementum Ablation Depth during Root Planing by an Er:YAG Laser at Different Energy Densities: An Ex Vivo Study. Dent J (Basel) 2023; 11:dj11050116. [PMID: 37232767 DOI: 10.3390/dj11050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An important and non-adapted delivered energy of Er:YAG laser can eliminate the total thickness of root cementum during root planing. Conversely, the preservation of a partial layer of cementum covering the roots is vital for any periodontal ligament regeneration. Thus, the assessment of the cementum ablation depth produced by each energy density of Er:YAG laser is essential before considering its use for the periodontal planing and treatment of the cementum and root surfaces. AIM OF THE STUDY Assessment of the cementum ablation depth at different energy densities of the Er:YAG laser is the aim of this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 48 human caries free molars were collected and used in this study. Areas to be irradiated were delimited by two longitudinal grooves (0.5 mm depth). Roots were divided randomly into four groups (4 × n = 12). An Er:YAG laser (2.94 µm) was used with a side-firing tip (R600T) with a 600 µm diameter and a frequency of 20 Hz combined with a cooling system of air 6 mL/min and water 4 mL/min. We used a super short pulse mode (SSP: pulse duration: 50 μs). We used a single irradiation passage backward from apex to cervical parts at 1 mm/s with a slight contact and at an angle of 15° to 30° between the tip and the root surface. Different energies were selected: 30 mJ, 40 mJ, 50 mJ, and 60 mJ. RESULTS Microscopic observations showed that the average of the ablation depth increased with the increase of the delivered energy from 30 mJ to 60 mJ. Mean values of the ablation depths were respectively as follows: 43.75 ± 4.89 µm for the energy of 30 mJ, 50.05 ± 3.72 µm for 40 mJ, 65.56 ± 10.35 µm for 50 mJ, and 74.80 ± 15.23 µm for 60 mJ. A statistically significant difference existed between the ablation depth of all groups. CONCLUSION Based on our results, the depth of cementum debridement is related to the level of the delivered energy. The lowest energy levels (30 mJ and 40 mJ) can ablate the root cementum surface for a variable depth from 43.75 ± 4.89 μm to 50.05 ± 3.72 μm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Nahas
- Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadath campus, Beirut 1003, Lebanon
| | - Saad Houeis
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Remi Chamboredon
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Daniel Heysselaer
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Dean of Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut 1003, Lebanon
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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Silva T, Tobelem DDC, Malavazzi TCDS, Mendonça JFBD, Andreo L, Chavantes MC, Tempestini Horliana ACR, Turcio KHL, Gomes AO, Deana AM, Fernandes KPS, Motta LJ, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Brugnera A, Nammour S, Bussadori SK. Effect of Photobiomodulation Combined with Physiotherapy on Functional Performance in Children with Myelomeningo-Cele-Randomized, Blind, Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082920. [PMID: 37109256 PMCID: PMC10142114 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate the electrical activity of the rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, and lateral gastrocnemius muscles during the sit-to-stand task and functional mobility after a neurofunctional physiotherapy protocol associated with PBM. METHODS Twenty-five children were randomly allocated to either Active PBM + physiotherapy (n = 13) or PBM sham + physiotherapy (n = 12). PBM was carried out with a LED device (850 nm, 25 J, 50 s per point and 200 mW) at four points over the area with absence of a spiny process. Both groups completed a twelve-week supervised program with two weekly 45-60 min sessions. Pre-training and post-training assessments involved the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI). Muscle activity was assessed using portable electromyography (BTS Engineering) and the electrodes were positioned on the lateral gastrocnemius, anterior tibialis, and rectus femoris muscles. The RMS data were recorded and analyzed. RESULTS After 24 sessions of the treatment protocol, improvements were found in the PEDI score. The participants presented greater independence in performing the tasks, requiring less assistance from their caregivers. More significant electrical activity was found in the three muscles evaluated between the rest period and execution of the sit-to-stand tasks, both in the more compromised or less compromised lower limbs. CONCLUSION Neurofunctional physiotherapy with or without PBM improved functional mobility and electrical muscle activity in children with myelomeningocele.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Silva
- University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Lucas Andreo
- University Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Aldo Brugnera
- Physics Institute of São Carlos, University of the São Paulo, São Paulo 11330-900, SP, Brazil
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El Mobadder M, Nammour S, Grzech-Leśniak Z, Grzech-Leśniak K. Efficacy of the Adjunct Use of Povidone-Iodine or Sodium Hypochlorite with Non-Surgical Management of Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11216593. [PMID: 36362818 PMCID: PMC9658783 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This systematic review sought to assess the efficacy of combining either sodium hypochlorite or povidone-iodine as disinfection solutions with non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. An electronic search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CENTRAL, and Google Scholar from inception until 10 September 2022. Outcomes included clinical outcomes (probing pocket depth, plaque index, clinical attachment level, relative-horizontal attachment level, bleeding on probing, gingival recession, the position of gingival margin) and biochemical (BAPNA level) properties. A subgroup analysis was conducted according to the assessment timepoint. Ten studies reporting the use of povidone-iodine and five studies reporting the use of sodium hypochlorite were included in this review. Overall, in the meta-analysis of povidone-iodine, no significant changes were noted in any of the assessed outcomes; however, minor changes were noted in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level at a specific timepoint. Regarding sodium hypochlorite, a significant reduction in all clinical outcomes, except for bleeding on probing, was noted. In conclusion, the use of povidone-iodine does not result in an improvement in clinical outcomes, whereas sodium hypochlorite has promising properties that result in significant improvement in probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. However, more studies are needed to confirm these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +961-7134-3767
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
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El Mobadder M, Nammour S, Matys J, Grzech-Leśniak K. Sodium Hypochlorite and Diode Laser in Non-Surgical Treatment of Periodontitis: Clinical and Bacteriological Study with Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101637. [PMID: 36295072 PMCID: PMC9605566 DOI: 10.3390/life12101637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing the disinfection during non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is primordial. This study assesses the effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite and a 980 nm diode laser in non-surgical treatment of periodontitis. Thirty sites of localized periodontitis with a probing pocket depth (PPD) of ≥ 6 mm were included. Fifteen underwent scaling root planing (SRP group) and 15 underwent SRP + 0.5% NaOCl and a 980 nm diode laser (study group). A biological molecular test and real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were performed before (T0) and after intervention (T1). Total bacterial count and counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eubacterium nodatum, Capnocytophaga gingivalis were assessed. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), gingival recession (GR), PPD and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were evaluated at T0, and 3 and 6 months after. Study group showed a statistically significant reduction of TBC (5.66 × 108 CFU/mL) compared to SRP (6.2 × 109 CFU/mL). Both groups showed a statistically significant reduction of Treponema denticola, Tannerella forsythia, Prevotella intermedia, Peptostrep. (micromonas) micros and Fusobacterium nucleatum; however, a significant reduction of Eubacterium nodatum and Capnocytophaga gingivalis was observed in the study group. At T6, both groups had a statistically significant reduction of PI, BOP, GR, PD and CAL. The study group showed more GR compared to SRP and a significant reduction of PD (4.03 mm ± 0.49) compared to SRP (5.28 mm ± 0.67). This study reveals that NaOCl and a diode laser are effective as an adjunctive to the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +961-71343767
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacek Matys
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
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Mazzoni A, Navarro RS, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Horliana ACRT, Silva T, Santos EM, Sobral APT, Júnior AB, Nammour S, Motta LJ, Bussadori SK. Comparison of the Effects of High-Power Diode Laser and Electrocautery for Lingual Frenectomy in Infants: A Blinded Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11133783. [PMID: 35807068 PMCID: PMC9267408 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11133783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the release of the lingual frenulum through frenectomy in newborns zero to 90 days of age who breastfed and had diagnosis of ankyloglossia with an indication for surgery, comparing two methods: electrocautery and a high-power diode laser. Fifty-seven patients were randomly allocated to two groups (23 submitted to electrocautery and 34 submitted to a high power diode laser). Tongue movements were evaluated based on a clinical assessment and using the Bristol Tongue Assessment Tool (BTAT) before and 15 days after the surgical procedures. The visual analog scale was administered to the mothers on the same occasions for the measurement of pain during breastfeeding. Both groups had an increased BTAT score (favorable outcome) at the post-surgical evaluation, but the anterior third of the tongue was not always free to enable the movements necessary for lingual functions. It is fundamental for surgeons to have skill and in-depth knowledge of the equipment used to avoid accidents and complications in the region of important structures. Both techniques employed in this study were safe and effective, causing little bleeding and few postoperative complications. The group submitted to a high-power diode laser exhibited less post-surgical bleeding compared to the group submitted to electrocautery and no inflammation at the edges of the surgical cut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mazzoni
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (A.M.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Ricardo Scarparo Navarro
- Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering, Scientific and Technological Institute, Brazil University (UB), São Paulo 08230-030, Brazil;
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (A.M.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (R.A.M.-F.); (T.S.)
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (A.M.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Tamiris Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (R.A.M.-F.); (T.S.)
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, Brazil; (E.M.S.); (A.P.T.S.)
| | - Ana Paula Taboada Sobral
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Metropolitan University of Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, Brazil; (E.M.S.); (A.P.T.S.)
| | - Aldo Brugnera Júnior
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT “Basic Optics Applied to Life Sciences”, UFSCar, USP, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil;
| | - Samir Nammour
- Laser Application in Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Lara Jansinski Motta
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (A.M.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.); (L.J.M.)
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (A.M.); (K.P.S.F.); (A.C.R.T.H.); (L.J.M.)
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Nove de Julho University (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (R.A.M.-F.); (T.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-113385-9241
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11
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Kobayashi FY, Castelo PM, Politti F, Rocha MM, Beltramin RZ, Salgueiro MDCC, Gonçalves MLL, Nammour S, Brugnera Júnior A, Sfalcin RA, Bussadori SK. Immediate Evaluation of the Effect of Infrared LED Photobiomodulation on Childhood Sleep Bruxism: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12070964. [PMID: 35888053 PMCID: PMC9323984 DOI: 10.3390/life12070964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The gold standard for the management of sleep bruxism (SB) is the use of a rigid occlusal splint; however, there are limitations for its use in children and alternatives to the management of SB are needed. Photobiomodulation therapy has been used with positive results in temporomandibular disorders. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy with infrared LED in children with SB. Thirty children were divided into three groups: Group 1: control/absence of bruxism (n = 10); Group 2: SB treated with infrared LED (n = 10); Group 3: SB treated with occlusal splint (n = 10). Electromyographic evaluation of masseter, anterior temporalis, and upper trapezius, and salivary dopamine levels were assessed before and after treatments. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way mixed model ANOVA. An increase in the temporalis and right masseter EMG activity at rest was observed in Group 3, with large effect size (p < 0.05). Left masseter and temporalis EMG activity did not differ over time in the LED group, similar to the control group. Moreover, the EMG activity of masticatory muscles during chewing and upper trapezius muscle did not differ over time in all groups. The results also pointed to a difference in the levels of dopamine between children with and without SB, with Group 3 showing higher levels in the pre-treatment time compared to controls (p < 0.025). In conclusion, an increase in the masticatory muscles activity at rest was observed in children undergoing splint therapy. Moreover, a difference in the levels of salivary dopamine was found between children with and without SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Yukie Kobayashi
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.Y.K.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Paula Midori Castelo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Fabiano Politti
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.P.); (M.M.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.D.C.C.S.)
| | - Monise Mendes Rocha
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.P.); (M.M.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.D.C.C.S.)
| | - Rafael Zaratin Beltramin
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.P.); (M.M.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.D.C.C.S.)
| | - Mônica Da Consolação Canuto Salgueiro
- Postgraduation Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.P.); (M.M.R.); (R.Z.B.); (M.D.C.C.S.)
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), Santos 11045-002, Brazil;
| | - Samir Nammour
- Director of the Post-Graduate: Laser Application in Dental Medicine, Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Aldo Brugnera Júnior
- National Institute of Science and Technology, INCT “Basic Optics Applied to Life Sciences”, IFSC, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
| | - Ravana Angelini Sfalcin
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.Y.K.); (R.A.S.)
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil; (F.Y.K.); (R.A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(11)-3385-9222
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12
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El Mobadder M, Nammour S, Namour M, Namour A, Grzech-Leśniak K. Disinfection Potential of 980 nm Diode Laser and Hydrogen Peroxide (3%) in "Critical Probing Depths" Periodontal Pockets: Retrospective Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030370. [PMID: 35330121 PMCID: PMC8953835 DOI: 10.3390/life12030370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A successful treatment of periodontitis depends largely on the successful elimination of the periodontopathogens during non-surgical and surgical mechanical debridement. In this retrospective study, data collection was conducted from 2017 to 2021. The retrospective study included 128 patients with 128 sites of localized periodontitis with pocket depths > 5 mm. The included data were based on sites that received conventional mechanical debridement followed by different adjunctive approaches. In total, 30 patients did not receive any additional treatment (SRP group), 30 patients received SRP + 980 nm diode laser irradiation only (SRP + laser), 30 patients received SRP + 3% hydrogen peroxide irrigation (SRP + H2O2) only and 30 patients received a combined treatment of 3% hydrogen peroxide and 980 nm diode laser irradiation (SRP + H2O2 + laser). Total bacterial counts (TBC) in the periodontal pocket collected for all participants before treatment, immediately after treatment, 6 weeks after treatment, 12 weeks after treatment and 6 months after treatment were statistically analyzed and compared. When the laser was used, irradiation parameters were 10 μsec/pulse duration, 10 kHz, pick power of 10 W, average power of 1 W, irradiation time of one minute with inward and outward movements, and fiber diameter of 320 μm. The irradiation was repeated 3 times/pocket. When hydrogen peroxide was used, the irrigation was conducted for one minute and repeated 3 times. The maximum reduction in TBC was obtained when SRP was coupled with 3% H2O2 irrigation followed by 980 nm diode laser irradiation. After six months of follow-up, a significant reduction in TBC was obtained for the group of SRP + H2O2 + laser when compared to all the other groups, from 7.27 × 107 before intervention to 3.21 × 107 after six months. All three approaches to SRP showed a significant reduction in TBC immediately after treatment. Values were 3.52 × 107, 4.01 × 106, 9.58 × 106, 1.98 × 106 for SRP alone, SRP + diode, SRP + H2O2 and SRP + H2O2 + diode laser, respectively. At 6 months, we saw no significant difference between SRP + laser and SRP + H2O2 with 4.01 × 107 and 4.32 × 107, respectively. This retrospective study reveals that after SRP, irrigation with 3% hydrogen peroxide and irradiation with a 980 nm diode laser within specific treatment protocol can be used as an additional approach to conventional SRP to increase the disinfection of the periodontal pockets > 5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Dental Surgery Department, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +961-71-343-767
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (S.N.); (M.N.); (A.N.)
| | - Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (S.N.); (M.N.); (A.N.)
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (S.N.); (M.N.); (A.N.)
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13
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Namour M, Nammour S, Rompen E. Laser-Assisted Periodontitis and Peri-Implantitis Treatments: Update and the State of the Art. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:157-158. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Namour
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Periodontology, University Hospital Sart Tilman, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liege, Belgium
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14
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Gomes AO, Martimbianco ALC, Brugnera Junior A, Horliana ACRT, da Silva T, Santos EM, Fragoso YD, Fernandes KPS, Nammour S, Bussadori SK. Photobiomodulation for the Treatment of Primary Headache: Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010098. [PMID: 35054491 PMCID: PMC8781567 DOI: 10.3390/life12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of photobiomodulation as an adjuvant treatment for primary headache. A systematic review of randomized clinical trials was performed. For such, electronic searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PEDro, PsycInfo, Clinicaltrials.gov., and WHO/ICTRP databases, with no restrictions imposed regarding language or year of publication. We included studies that assessed any photobiomodulation therapy as an adjuvant treatment for primary headache compared to sham treatment, no treatment, or another intervention. The methodological assessment was conducted using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. The certainty of the evidence was classified using the GRADE approach. Four randomized clinical trials were included. Most of the included studies had an overall high risk of bias. Compared to sham treatment, photobiomodulation had a clinically important effect on pain in individuals with primary headache. Despite the benefits reported for other outcomes, the estimates were imprecise, and the certainty of the evidence was graded as low. These findings are considered insufficient to support the use of photobiomodulation in the treatment of primary headache. Randomized clinical trials, with higher methodological quality, are needed to enhance the reliability of the estimated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Oliver Gomes
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Street Vergueiro, 235/249-Liberdade, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.O.G.); (T.d.S.)
| | - Ana Luiza Cabrera Martimbianco
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.M.); (E.M.S.); (Y.D.F.)
| | - Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Physics Institute of São Carlos (IFSC/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil;
| | - Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.T.H.); (K.P.S.F.)
| | - Tamiris da Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Street Vergueiro, 235/249-Liberdade, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.O.G.); (T.d.S.)
| | - Elaine Marcílio Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.M.); (E.M.S.); (Y.D.F.)
| | - Yara Dadalti Fragoso
- Postgraduate Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos (UNIMES), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.L.C.M.); (E.M.S.); (Y.D.F.)
| | - Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.T.H.); (K.P.S.F.)
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium;
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), Street Vergueiro, 235/249-Liberdade, São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.O.G.); (T.d.S.)
- Postgraduate Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 05503-900, Brazil; (A.C.R.T.H.); (K.P.S.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3385924
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15
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Namour M, Mobadder ME, Mulongo B, Fagnart O, Harb A, Peremans A, Verspecht T, Teughels W, Nammour S, Rompen E. Assessment of Disinfection Potential of Q-Switch Nd: YAG Laser on Contaminated Titanium Implant Surfaces. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14206078. [PMID: 34683666 PMCID: PMC8537820 DOI: 10.3390/ma14206078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implantitis (PI) is a relatively frequent pathology that compromises the overall survival of the dental implant. Adjunctive approaches for the conventional mechanical debridement are being suggested to optimize the treatment of PI. The goal of the study was the assessment of the disinfection potential of the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser on contaminated titanium implant surfaces. A total of 72 sterile titanium discs were used and divided into three groups: 24 contaminated titanium discs treated with the laser (study Group L), 24 contaminated titanium discs with no treatment (control 1—Group C), and 24 sterile titanium discs with no treatment (control 2—Group S). Multi-species biofilm was used: Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Prevotella intermedia. Commensal bacteria were included also: Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, Streptococcus cristatus, Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus parasanguinis, and Veillonella parvula. Parameters delivered per pulse on the targeted surfaces of the titanium discs were an energy density of 0.597 J/cm2 each pulse, a pulse power of 270 mW, a laser beam spot of 2.4 mm in diameter, and a rate of repetition of 10 Hertz (Hz) for a pulse duration of 6 nanoseconds (ns). The mode was no contact, and a distance of 500 micrometers was used with a total time of irradiation equal to 2 s (s). The collection of microbiological samples was made for all groups; colony-forming units (CFU) were identified by two different practitioners, and the average of their examinations was considered for each sample. The average of the TBC (CFU/mL) was calculated for each group. Values were 0.000 CFU/mL, 4767 CFU/mL, and 0.000 CFU/mL for Group L, Group C, and Group S, respectively. Therefore, the suggested treatment protocol was able to provoke a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces. A statistical difference was only found between Group L vs. Group C and between Group S vs. Group C. The difference was not significant between Group S and Group L. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that the Q-Switch Nd: YAG laser under our specific conditions can provide a total disinfection of the contaminated titanium surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.N.); (M.E.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.N.); (M.E.M.); (E.R.)
| | - Baudouin Mulongo
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie CEBIODI, Hospital Saint Jean, 32, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (B.M.); (O.F.)
| | - Olivier Fagnart
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie CEBIODI, Hospital Saint Jean, 32, Boulevard du Jardin Botanique, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (B.M.); (O.F.)
| | - Assaf Harb
- Laboratoire CEBIODI, Hospital Saint Anne, Saint Remi, 1070 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - André Peremans
- Laboratoire Physique de la Matière et du Rayonnement, Université de Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium;
| | - Tim Verspecht
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Dentistry, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.N.); (M.E.M.); (E.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-478-508-724
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium; (M.N.); (M.E.M.); (E.R.)
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16
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Arnabat-Dominguez J, Vecchio AD, Todea C, Grzech-Leśniak K, Vescovi P, Romeo U, Nammour S. Laser dentistry in daily practice during the COVID-19 pandemic: Benefits, risks and recommendations for safe treatments. ADV CLIN EXP MED 2021; 30:119-125. [PMID: 33636056 DOI: 10.17219/acem/130598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic forced dental professionals to cope with an unexpected challenge and caused an abrupt cessation of conventional care practices. The high degree of contagiousness as well as the diffusion of the virus through the air and droplets via respiratory transmission placed dental professionals at top-level risk of contracting and spreading the disease. General recommendations were announced in different countries, including patient distancing, air ventilation, surface and instrument sanitization, and the wearing of suitable masks and shields. However, many dental treatments are performed using lasers, and some specific precautions must be added to conventional procedures to ensure the advantages of this technology to patients because of the particular tissue–matter interaction effects of laser wavelengths. Based on the literature, the authors evaluated all of using laser wavelengths to analyze the risk and the benefits of using lasers in daily dental practice, and to provide safety recommendations during pandemic. An unrestricted search of indexed databases was performed. Laser use effects were categorized into: 1) explosive processes that produce tissue ablation and aerosol formation; 2) thermal actions that create vaporization and smoke plume; 3) photobiomodulation of the cells; and 4) enhanced chemical activity.
Knowledge of the device functions and choice of adequate parameters will reduce aerosol and plume formation, and the application of suction systems with high flow volume and good filtration close to the surgical site will avoid virus dissemination during laser use. In the categories that involve low energy, the beneficial effects of lasers are available and sometimes preferable during this pandemic because only conventional precautions are required. Lasers maintain the potential to add benefits to dental practice even in the COVID-19 era, but it is necessary to know how lasers work to utilize these advantages. The great potential of laser light, with undiscovered limits, may provide a different path to face the severe health challenges of this pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessandro Del Vecchio
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carmen Todea
- School of Dentistry, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Oral Medicine and Laser Surgery Unit, Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Belgium
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Nammour S, Mobadder ME, Namour A, Namour M, Romeo U, España-Tost AJ, Arnabat-Dominguez J, Grzech-Lesniak K, Zeinoun T, Vescovi P. Success Rate of Benign Oral Squamous Papilloma Treatments After Different Surgical Protocols (Conventional, Nd:YAG, CO 2 and Diode 980 nm Lasers): A 34-Year Retrospective Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:123-130. [PMID: 33450170 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of our retrospective study is to compare the long-term recurrence rate of the benign oral squamous papilloma (OSP) with different laser-assisted treatments and conventional procedures (use of scalpels) aiming to suggest the most suitable surgical protocol showing the lowest recurrence rate. Background: A retrospective multicenter DATA collection between 1985 and 2019 covering 781 OSP cases concerning different surgical protocols used for the treatment of OSP was done and included the use of different laser wavelengths [neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG), carbon dioxide (CO2), and Diode 980 nm] and the conventional surgeries using the scalpel. The age, sex, and the oral location of the OSP were noted. Methods: Three different surgical protocols were selected in our study: protocol 1 regrouped surgical procedures performing the excision of OSP with an in-depth safety margin of 1 mm and just at the base of the tumor with reduced excision of the grossly normal marginal mucosa around the tumor (0-1 mm). Protocol 2 and 3 were similar to protocol 1, but with an additional excision of 1-2 mm and ≥3 mm of the grossly normal marginal mucosa, respectively, for group 2 and 3. All laser-treated OSP wounds were left without sutures. In the conventionally treated OSP, sutures were regularly performed. Follow-up was done after 15 days and at 1, 6, and 18 months. The three included wavelengths were Nd:YAG (1064 nm), CO2 laser (10,600 nm), and diode laser (980 nm). Results: After 18 months of follow-up, the highest success rate was obtained with protocol 3 (100% with Nd:YAG, 99% with CO2, 98.4% with diode, and 99% with the scalpel), which was significantly higher than the values of protocol 2 (96.6% with Nd:YAG, 91% with CO2, 96% with diode, and 95% with the scalpel) and the protocol 1 (38% with Nd:YAG, 29% with CO2, 33% with diode, and 30% with the scalpel). The oral locations of OSP were 30% on palates, 30% on the tongue, 16% on cheek, 14% on lips, and 10% on other locations. Conclusions: The lowest recurrence rate was observed when a minimum of three millimeters (≥3 mm) of grossly normal aspect mucosa around the OSP was included in the excisions. The laser wavelengths and the use of scalpel did not show any significant difference in terms of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Umberto Romeo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio-Jesús España-Tost
- Investigator of the IDIBELL Institute, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Arnabat-Dominguez
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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18
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Brugnera Junior A, Zeinoun T, Nammour S. Laser Basic Research, Clinical Use, and Innovative Teachings in Odontology. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2021; 39:1-3. [PMID: 33404381 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Department of Dental Science, European Master Degree in Oral Laser Applications, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,Department of Physics and Material Sciences, IFSC-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral Surgery, Dental Faculty, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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19
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Matys J, Flieger R, Świder K, Gedrange T, Hutchings G, Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska M, Kempisty B, Nammour S, Dominiak M, Grzech-Leśniak K. A Clinical Trial of Photobiomodulation Effect on Orthodontic Microscrews Stability Using a 635 nm Red Laser Light. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:607-613. [PMID: 33026974 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background: One of the procedures enhancing implants stability can be photobiomodulation. Objective: To assess the effect of a 635 nm wavelength on orthodontic microscrews stability, survival rate, and an individual patient's pain score. Materials and methods: The study was done with 15 subjects, 30 orthodontic microscrews with a length of 10 mm and diameter 1.4 mm. Implants inserted on the right and left side of the maxilla. The implants in the test group (G1) were irradiated with the laser at palatal and buccal part of peri-implant area (two points). The diode laser (SmartM PRO; Lasotronix, Warsaw, Poland) was used with the following settings: power: 100 mW, spot size: 0.5 cm2, mean power density (irradiance): 200 mW/cm2, in continuous wave (CW) mode, energy per point: 4 J, radiant exposure: 8 J/cm2, time per point: 40 sec, the total energy dose (radiant energy) per session: 8 J in contact mode, handpiece diameter: 8 mm. Laser sessions: day of surgery and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30 days later. Cumulative radiant energy was 59 J. Periotest appliance was used to assess the microscrews stability at day of surgery and 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 30, 60 days later. Each patient received a survey for individual pain assessment (NRS-11) promptly after the implantation. Results: The analysis after 60 days revealed significantly higher secondary stability for the laser-irradiated microscrews group in comparison with control implants (G2 group) (p = 0.0037). We observed significantly higher stability in the experimental group compared with the control after 30 days (p = 0.0218). Moreover, we noted significantly higher microimplants stability for the control group in comparison with the test group, 9 days after implantation (p = 0.0374). Laser application had no effect on pain reduction noted in the first day in comparison with the control sites (p = 0.6690). No microscrews were lost in the study. Conclusions: Application of a 635 nm laser on peri-implant soft tissue increased the microscrews stability after 30 and 60 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Matys
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Flieger
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentimed Outpatient Clinic, Kościan, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Gedrange
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Orthodontics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Greg Hutchings
- The School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.,Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska
- Department of Biomaterials and Experimental Dentistry and Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Anatomy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Bartosz Kempisty
- Department of Anatomy and Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Veterinary Surgery, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marzena Dominiak
- Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Periodontics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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20
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Brugnera Junior A, Zanin F, Nammour S, Groisman S. Biophotonics in Health Care and Its Relevance in Fighting the Coronavirus Disease. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:521-523. [PMID: 32936069 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Brugnera Junior
- Education College of the European Master in Oral Laser Applications (EMDOLA), University of Liege, Liege, Belgium.,IFSC-University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Zanin
- Collaborative Professor of the Collective Health Specialization, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Sonia Groisman
- Department of Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro-UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Oral Health Work Group from World Federation of Public Health Associations, Tonny Volpi Award-Global Child Dental Fund-Harvard University in Preventive Research in Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Nammour S, El Mobadder M, Maalouf E, Namour M, Namour A, Rey G, Matamba P, Matys J, Zeinoun T, Grzech-Leśniak K. Clinical Evaluation of Diode (980 nm) Laser-Assisted Nonsurgical Periodontal Pocket Therapy: A Randomized Comparative Clinical Trial and Bacteriological Study. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 39:10-22. [PMID: 32865464 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2020.4818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Mechanical debridement is the gold standard in the periodontitis therapy. However, it is suggested that adjunctive use of lasers can result in a more effective treatment outcome. Objective: Evaluate the efficiency of diode laser-assisted nonsurgical therapy of periodontitis as adjunctive to scaling and root planing (SRP). Methods: One hundred sixty vertical bone defects [pocket depth (PD) at baseline ≥6 mm] had been randomly allocated to receive SRP alone (group C) or SRP coupled to a diode laser (980 nm) protocol (group C+L): SRP, irrigation with hydrogen peroxide solution (3%), de-epithelization of the internal and external gingiva followed by blood stabilization, and coagulation by laser beam were made. Beam parameters: 10 μsec/pulse duration, 10 kHz, pick power of 10 W, average power of 1 W, and fiber diameter of 400 μm. Plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing, gingival recession (GR), clinical attachment level (CAL), and PD were measured at baseline, at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. Microbiological data were collected randomly from 26 pockets from both groups at baseline, 6 weeks, 12 weeks, and 6 months after treatment. Results: At all periods of follow-up, there was a significant difference between both groups in all clinical parameters except in GR. In group C+L, 76% of pockets had PD ≤3 mm after 12 months of follow-up and an average of PD = 1.77 ± 0.46 mm, while 56% of pockets in group control (C) had an average of PD = 5.00 ± 0.83 mm after 12 months of follow-up. Total bacteria count in group C + L was significantly lower compared to group C only at 12 weeks and 6 months of follow-up. Furthermore, there was high significant decrease in the number of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Prevotella intermedia at all the follow-up periods. Conclusions: As adjunctive to SRP, diode laser-assisted nonsurgical therapy of periodontitis has significantly improved clinical parameters of PI and POB and has significantly reduced the clinical attachment loss (CAL) and PD compared to the control group after 1 year of follow-up. A significant reduction in periodontal pathogens has been observed in group C + L only at 12 weeks and 6 months of follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Elie Maalouf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Gerard Rey
- Service formation continue Universités Paris 7 Garancière et Montpellier UFR, Agde, France
| | - Patrick Matamba
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Jacek Matys
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kinga Grzech-Leśniak
- Laser Laboratory, Department of Dental Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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22
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Nammour S, El Mobadder M, Namour M, Namour A, Rompen E, Maalouf E, Brugnera Junior A, Brugnera AP, Vescovi P, Zeinoun T. A Randomized Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Longevity of Esthetic Results of Gingival Melanin Depigmentation Treatment Using Different Laser Wavelengths (Diode, CO 2, and Er:YAG). Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2020; 38:167-173. [PMID: 31951510 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Gingival melanin hyperpigmentation is due to excessive deposition of melanin granules. The duration of pigmentation reappearance after treatment using different laser wavelengths remains controversial. Objective: The study aims to assess the longevity of gingival depigmentation (GD) and the consistency in esthetic results as three laser wavelengths (Er:YAG laser, CO2 laser, and diode laser, 980 nm) were used in two different groups (smokers and nonsmokers). This is attained by comparing the periods of time in each group before pigmentation reappearance. Methods: Seventy-two subjects were divided into daily smokers (S) and nonsmokers. Subjects underwent a randomized GD with: Erbium laser (Er), CO2 laser (CO2), and Diode laser (Diode). The subjects were divided into six groups: S and nonsmokers were treated with three different wavelengths. Irradiation was performed until there was no visible pigmentation. For qualitative measurement, Hedin Melanin Index (HMI) was used, before treatment, after 2 weeks, and until 60 months. Pigmentation reappearance of degree 1 or above of the HMI was noted. Descriptive statistics were also calculated. Results: HMI showed a 0 in all groups after 14 days of treatment. The time before pigmentation rebound was: Diode > CO2 > S-Diode > S-CO2 > Er > S-Er. The first signs of relapse shown among all groups were seen in the group S-Er group. The longest time before rebound was observed with the Diode group for the nonsmoker. Conclusions: Diode laser provides the longest-term stability in treatment. Smoking negatively affects the longevity of GD. Er laser gives the shortest time before the reappearance of gingival pigmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Elie Maalouf
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Ana Paula Brugnera
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of ENT/Dental/Ophthalmological and Cervico-Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Hadath, Beirut, Lebanon
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23
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El Mobadder M, Farhat F, El Mobadder W, Nammour S. Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Mucositis, Dysphagia, Oral Dryness, Taste Alteration, and Burning Mouth Sensation Due to Cancer Therapy: A Case Series. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E4505. [PMID: 31731594 PMCID: PMC6888207 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oral complications of cancer therapy, such as oral dryness, dysphagia, and taste alteration, are associated with a negative impact in the quality of life of the patients. Few supportive care measures are available for such complications. This case series reveals the effectiveness of the photobiomodulation (PBM) therapy when used in a specific protocol and parameters, in the management of oral complications related to cancer therapy. Dysphagia was measured using the functional outcome swallowing scale for staging oropharyngeal dysphagia (FOSS). Oral mucositis was measured according to the National Cancer Institute scale. The quantity of the whole resting and stimulated saliva was measured in order to assess the oral dryness. In addition, the taste alteration was measured according to a protocol suggested by the International Standards organization (ISO). Sensation of burning mouth was measured using a visual analogue scale. These measurements were made before treatment, during, and at the end of the treatment. Diode laser 635 nm was used in 3 J/cm2. Five sessions interleaved with 24 h breaks were conducted for the dysphagia and oral dryness, and 10 sessions were conducted for the taste alteration and burning mouth sensation. Regardless of the limitations of this case series, PBM can be considered safe, time saving, and a promising approach for the management of the oral complications due to cancer therapy and the quality of life of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Fadi Farhat
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Centre, Saida 652, Lebanon; (F.F.); (W.E.M.)
| | - Wassim El Mobadder
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Centre, Saida 652, Lebanon; (F.F.); (W.E.M.)
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium;
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24
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Namour M, El Mobadder M, Magnin D, Peremans A, Verspecht T, Teughels W, Lamard L, Nammour S, Rompen E. Q-Switch Nd:YAG Laser-Assisted Decontamination of Implant Surface. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7040099. [PMID: 31581536 PMCID: PMC6960958 DOI: 10.3390/dj7040099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis (PI) is an inflammatory disease of peri-implant tissues, it represents the most frequent complication of dental implants. Evidence revealed that microorganisms play the chief role in causing PI. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the cleaning of contaminated dental implant surfaces by means of the Q-switch Nd:YAG (Neodymium-doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet) laser and an increase in temperature at lased implant surfaces during the cleaning process. Seventy-eight implants (titanium grade 4) were used (Euroteknika, Sallanches, France). Thirty-six sterile implants and forty-two contaminated implants were collected from failed clinical implants for different reasons, independent from the study. Thirty-six contaminated implants were partially irradiated by Q-switch Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm). Six other contaminated implants were used for temperature rise evaluation. All laser irradiations were calibrated by means of a powermetter in order to evaluate the effective delivered energy. The irradiation conditions delivered per pulse on the target were effectively: energy density per pulse of 0.597 J/cm2, pick powers density of 56 mW/cm2, 270 mW per pulse with a spot diameter of 2.4 mm, and with repetition rate of 10 Hz for pulse duration of 6 ns. Irradiation was performed during a total time of 2 s in a non-contact mode at a distance of 0.5 mm from implant surfaces. The parameters were chosen according to the results of a theoretical modeling calculation of the Nd:YAG laser fluency on implant surface. Evaluation of contaminants removal showed that the cleaning of the irradiated implant surfaces was statistically similar to those of sterile implants (p-value ≤ 0.05). SEM analysis confirmed that our parameters did not alter the lased surfaces. The increase in temperature generated at lased implant surfaces during cleaning was below 1 °C. According to our findings, Q-switch Nd:YAG laser with short pulse duration in nanoseconds is able to significantly clean contaminated implant surfaces. Irradiation parameters used in our study can be considered safe for periodontal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Namour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Delphine Magnin
- Bio- and Soft Matter Division, Institute of Condensed and Nanosciences, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1348-Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - André Peremans
- Laboratoire Physique de la Matière et du Rayonnement (P.M.R.), Université de Namur, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Tim Verspecht
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (K.U. Leuven), 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Wim Teughels
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Leuven (K.U. Leuven) and Dentistry, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | | | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
| | - Eric Rompen
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.
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25
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Hoteit M, Nammour S, Zeinoun T. Assessment of microcracks and shear bond strength after debonding orthodontic ceramic brackets on enamel priorly etched by different Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser settings without acid application: An in vitro study. Int Orthod 2019; 17:744-757. [PMID: 31543426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DATA Enamel microcrack formation has a high incidence after mechanical debonding of ceramic brackets. This may be due to high delivered shear bond strength values when enamel is priorly etched by phosphoric acid. It is still not well elucidated in the literature if laser etching affects enamel the same way. The aim of the research was to analyze different Er,Cr:YSGG and Er:YAG laser etching settings as an alternative to phosphoric acid, in an attempt to prevent enamel microcrack formation during laser etching and mechanical debonding, while reducing the shear bond strength to the minimal clinical acceptable value. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and thirty-three teeth were randomly divided into 7 experimental groups according to their etching modalities. Settings used for enamel etching were in Er,Cr:YSGG groups: Er,Cr:YSGG (1.5Watt, W/20Hertz, Hz); Er,Cr:YSGG (1.5W/15Hz) and Er,Cr:YSGG (2W/20Hz) and settings used for enamel etching in Er:YAG groups were: Er:YAG (60 millijoules, mJ), Er:YAG (80mJ) and Er:YAG (100mJ). Group C etched with 37% phosphoric acid served as control. Microscopic analysis was performed to assess presence of enamel microcracks. Shear bond strength was evaluated after thermocycling using Weibull survival analysis. RESULTS All groups showed a reduction in additional microcracks after debonding when compared to control, but only group Er:YAG (60mJ) exhibited a statistically significant difference. Groups Er:YAG (80mJ), control and Er:YAG (100mJ) showed respectively the highest probability of survival at various stress levels followed by groups Er:YAG (60mJ); Er,Cr:YSGG (1.5W/15Hz); Er,Cr:YSGG (2W/20Hz) and Er,Cr:YSGG (1.5W/20Hz) that presented a relatively considerable risk of failure, even at low stress levels. CONCLUSIONS When considering reduction of enamel microcrack formation and clinical acceptable shear bond strength, none of the groups succeeded both. Etching by Er:YAG (60mJ) and Er,Cr:YSGG (1.5W/15Hz), showed the least overall microcrack incidence between groups, but Er:YAG (60mJ) displayed significant reduction compared to phosphoric acid. However, etching by Er:YAG (80mJ) had the most predictable results in term of shear bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan Hoteit
- Lebanese University, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Samir Nammour
- University of Liege, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dental Science, 4020 Liege, Belgium
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Lebanese University,Faculty of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Lebanon
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26
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Brugnera AP, Nammour S, Rodrigues JA, Mayer-Santos E, de Freitas PM, Brugnera A, Zanin F. Clinical Evaluation of In-Office Dental Bleaching Using a Violet Light-Emitted Diode. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 38:98-104. [PMID: 31436475 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2018.4567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To clinically evaluate the effect of the violet light-emitted diode (LED) light (405-410 nm) associated to in-office dental bleaching with 35% carbamide peroxide, on tooth color change and sensitivity. Participant's satisfaction after treatment was also evaluated. Materials and methods: A total of 50 participants were selected and randomized into a treatment group (n = 25): G1-two bleaching sessions of 30 min each, with 7-day interval (D0 and D7); G2-two bleaching sessions (same protocol as G1) associated with violet LED light, 30 min each session. The color evaluation was performed before and after 7 days of the second session (D0 and D14); the medium third of buccal surface of canine and central incisor teeth were evaluated under VITA Shade Guide and spectrophotometry (subjective and objective). Tooth sensitivity was evaluated immediately after the treatment and after 48 h of each bleaching session (D0, D2, D7, and D9), and a self-perception questionnaire was applied on D14. Results: Data were subjected to nonparametric Mann-Whitney test and both canine and central incisor teeth presented color change. Group G2 showed significantly more change than G1. Fisher's exact test showed no statistically significant dental sensitivity differences between groups. Both groups reported a high level of satisfaction but chi-square test showed statistically higher satisfied patients with dental bleaching in G2 than G1. Conclusions: The violet LED light (405-410 nm) could improve dental bleaching effectiveness, without sensitivity increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Brugnera
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege
- ulg, Brussels, Belgium.,Biophotonics Institute Center Brugnera and Zanin, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege
- ulg, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Mayer-Santos
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patricia M de Freitas
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aldo Brugnera
- Biophotonics Institute Center Brugnera and Zanin, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology INCT, Basic Optics and Applied Life Sciences FSC-USP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fatima Zanin
- Biophotonics Institute Center Brugnera and Zanin, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Nammour S. Laser-Assisted Tongue-Tie Frenectomy for Orthodontic Purpose: To Suture or Not to Suture? Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2019; 37:381-382. [PMID: 31180259 DOI: 10.1089/photob.2019.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
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28
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Mobadder ME, Farhat F, Mobadder WE, Nammour S. Photobiomodulation Therapy in the Treatment of Oral Mucositis, Dysgeusia and Oral Dryness as Side-Effects of Head and Neck Radiotherapy in a Cancer Patient: A Case Report. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:dj6040064. [PMID: 30423851 PMCID: PMC6313426 DOI: 10.3390/dj6040064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful management of oral mucositis, dysgeusia and oral dryness was made with five sessions of photobiomodulation. The severity of oral mucositis was measured according to the World Health Organization scale for the assessment of oral mucositis. Dysgeusia testing was performed according to the International Standards Organization (ISO). For the assessment of oral dryness or hyposalivation, quantity of the total resting and stimulated saliva (Q-sal, mL/min) was measured. Photobiomodulation parameters, applications, and treatment protocol used were suggested by an international multidisciplinary panel of clinicians and researchers with expertise in the area of supportive care in cancer and/or PBM clinical application and dosimetry. This case report confirms the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in the management of oral mucositis, dysgeusia, and oral dryness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan El Mobadder
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium.
| | - Fadi Farhat
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hammoud Hospital University Medical Centre,652Saida, Lebanon.
| | - Wassim El Mobadder
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of dental medicine, University Saint Joseph, Beirut 1107 2050, Lebanon.
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 4000Liège, Belgium.
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Abstract
Backgroud and aims There are very few studies on laser phototherapy (LPT) in acute temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). Our objective is to assess the effectiveness of laser phototherapy (LPT) on the limitation of the mouth opening due to an acute mandibular trauma. Subjects and methods Fourteen women of 41 ± 3 years and 24 men of 38 ± 3 years, with no history of TMD and having sustained a mandibular trauma within the prior 20 hours, were treated exclusively by using an 810-nm laser beam in a continuous wave mode, with an output power of 1 W. At a speed of 2 cm/s, it scanned twice, for 60 seconds, with a pause in between of 2 minutes, a large cutaneous area (25 cm2), covering the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), the masseter muscle and a part of the temporalis fossa; also, it scanned just once, for 7 seconds, a small mucous area (3 cm2), covering the internal pterygoid muscle. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by comparing the maximum unassisted opening (MUO), measured at the baseline and immediately after the end of the LPT procedure. Results The MUO improvement of 24.6 ± 4.4 mm represented a highly significant difference (p < .0001) between the measurements, in all the patients, regardless of gender. Conclusions By scanning with an 810-nm laser beam, within less than 20 hours after the trauma, large areas of all the involved tissues and not just a few points, as described until now, the limited mouth opening in acute posttraumatic trismus was immediately and greatly resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Rasca
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium Institut de dentisterie - Polycliniques Brull, Liège, Belgium
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium Institut de dentisterie - Polycliniques Brull, Liège, Belgium
| | - Aude Fauchon-Giumelli
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium Institut de dentisterie - Polycliniques Brull, Liège, Belgium
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium Institut de dentisterie - Polycliniques Brull, Liège, Belgium
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30
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Nahas P, Zeinoun T, Namour M, Ayach T, Nammour S. Effect of Er:YAG laser energy densities on thermally affected dentin layer: Morphological study. Laser Ther 2018; 27:91-97. [PMID: 30087527 PMCID: PMC6062675 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.18-or-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Physical and chemical composition of dentin is subject to modification when irradiated with Er:YAG laser. Temperature rise causes water evaporation and micro-mechanical ablation of dentin. The misuse of laser parameters could affect negatively dentin collagen fibers leading to failure in bonded composite restorations. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of Er:YAG laser radiation at different levels of energy on the morphology of thermally affected dentin layer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-eight freshly extracted human third molars were randomly divided into six groups (n = 8). In all groups, except for the control groups, dentin was subject to irradiation with H02 handpiece Er:YAG laser in non-contact mode (SSP mode = 50 µs; 10 Hz; speed of 1 mm/second; air 6 mL/min; and water 4 mL/min) with the following levels of energy (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 mJ) respectively. Teeth were sliced longitudinally. Photo-ablated cavities were observed. The cavity depth and dentin fiber collagen deterioration were measured. RESULTS Laser irradiation increased the depth of dentinal crater from 46.57 µm to 178.2 µm, when energy level increased from 40 mJ to 120 mJ. A superficial black layer, representing dentinal affected collagen fibers, was present in all groups except for control group. When comparing the thickness of the black layer, there was no significant difference between groups. It increased at 40 mJ to 28.17 µm then decreased to 15.19 µm at 60 mJ and then increased again for 80 mJ to 19.93 µm, 100 mJ to 22.87 µm and 120 mJ to 28.53 µm. Only one group (60 mJ) showed low values and significant difference as compared to the other irradiated groups, when multiple comparisons tests (ANOVA) were made using Newman-Keuls test. CONCLUSION Dentin organic matrix presented the minimum alteration when Er:YAG laser is used specifically at an appropriate level of energy (60 mJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Nahas
- Lebanese University, Department of Restorative and Esthetic Dentistry, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - T. Zeinoun
- Lebanese University, Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M. Namour
- University of Liege, Department of Dental Sciences, Belgium
| | - T. Ayach
- University of Liege, Department of Dental Sciences, Belgium
| | - S. Nammour
- University of Liege, Department of Dental Sciences, Belgium
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Zeinoun T, Majzoub Z, Khoury C, Nammour S. CO 2 Laser-Mediated Apically Positioned Flap in Areas Lacking Keratinized Gingiva. Laser Ther 2017; 26:121-127. [PMID: 28785132 PMCID: PMC5539379 DOI: 10.5978/islsm.17-or-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Autogenous gingival grafts are considered the "gold standard" for gingival augmentation, however they require a second surgical site for graft harvesting. Apically positioned flaps (APFs) represent an alternative method in soft tissue augmentation procedures. Limited information is available relative to the effectiveness of laser-mediated APF in augmenting keratinized gingiva (KG). The aim of this paper is to evaluate soft tissues changes following APF using CO2 laser in mandibular incisors with minimal KG and high labial frenum attachment. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 20 patients with minimal amount of KG (< 2 mm) on the labial aspect of one mandibular incisor and high buccal frenum insertion were selected for treatment. Only 19 completed the last follow-up visit. An APF consisting of a single superficial horizontal incision just coronal to the mucogingival junction using CO2 laser, elevation of a split-thickness flap, and suturing of the flap to the periosteum in an apical position was performed. The apico-coronal height of KG was measured at baseline, and at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS Uneventful healing was observed in all patients and an increase in KG of 2-3 mm was obtained. Most patients rated the procedure and the postoperative course as non painful. CONCLUSIONS CO2 laser-assisted APF procedure is a minimally invasive treatment modality associated with reduced risk of bleeding and predictable increase in the height of KG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Zeina Majzoub
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Carlos Khoury
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, Belgium
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Nammour S, Zeinoun T, Namour A, Vanheusden A, Vescovi P. Evaluation of Different Laser-Supported Surgical Protocols for the Treatment of Oral Leukoplakia: A Long-Term Follow-Up. Photomed Laser Surg 2017; 35:629-638. [PMID: 28426376 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2016.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term success rate of oral leukoplakia treatments by using different laser-supported surgical protocols. PATIENTS AND METHODS Overall, 2347 diagnosed homogeneous oral leukoplakias were treated with CO2 laser and were included in this study. Different surgical protocols (P) were used: P1 (SV = superficial scanning) was a complete superficial vaporization of the leukoplakia by a scanning mode in two passages respecting an overlapping. Only the visible white area was treated in one surgical session independently of the lesion size. P2 (CR1x1) was a complete excision of the lesions until a tissular depth of 1 mm and 1 mm of surrounding healthy-like tissue were attained. The visible white area was treated in one surgical session independently of the lesion size. P3 (CR1x3) was a complete excision of the lesions until a minimum tissue depth of 1 mm and 3 mm of surrounding healthy-like tissue were obtained. The visible white area was treated in one surgical session independently of the lesion size. P4 (PR1x3) was similar to the third one, but for patient comfort, the large lesions of leukoplakias (lesion size higher than 20 mm), the complete surgical excision of the leukoplakia was performed in multiple sessions that were spaced by 1 month (partial surgical removal of 10 mm per session). All patients were recalled at 2 and 8 weeks after surgery, and then every 2 months during the first year, every 4 months during the second year, and once a year for the follow-up period of 6 years. A biopsy was done once a year during the follow-up period in the surgical site when needed. The control consisted of checking the nature and the aspect of the healed mucosa to exclude an eventual recurrence of leukoplakia. RESULTS The percentage of permanent success after 6 years of follow-up was 5.7%, 69.7%, 97.8%, and 71.9%, respectively, for the first surgical protocol (SV), the second (CR 1 × 1), the third (CR 1 × 3), and the fourth (PR 1 × 3). The appearance of malignant transformation after laser treatment (during the follow-up period of 6 years) was 20%, 1%, and 0.2%, respectively, for the groups treated by the following protocols: 1 (SV), 2 (CR 1 × 1), and 4 (PR 1 × 3). Only in the third group CR1x3, no dysplasia or malignant transformation was noted. On the contrary, the appearance of malignant transformation in failed treated cases was 21.21% for the protocol 1 (SV), 3% for the protocol 2 (CR 1 × 1), and 0.6% for the protocol 4 (PR 1 × 3). CONCLUSIONS The results of this long-term follow-up of treated patients with oral homogeneous leukoplakias pointed out that the surgical laser protocol respecting the complete excision of leukoplakias, in one session, by the removal of a minimum of 1 mm in lesion depth and 3 mm of surrounding healthy-like tissues (CR 1 × 3) offers significantly the highest success rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University , Beirut, and Rafic Hariri university, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Amaury Namour
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
| | - Paolo Vescovi
- 3 Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine and Laser-assisted Oral Surgery, Department of ENT/Dental/Ophthalmological and Cervico-Facial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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Vescovi P, Giovannacci I, Otto S, Manfredi M, Merigo E, Fornaini C, Nammour S, Meleti M. Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: An Autofluorescence-Guided Surgical Approach Performed with Er:YAG Laser. Photomed Laser Surg 2016. [PMID: 26226174 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.3927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to propose an autofluorescence (AF)-guided surgical approach performed with Er:YAG laser and Nd:YAG low-level laser therapy (LLLT). BACKGROUND DATA Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) therapy remains an unresolved problem. The proposed conservative and surgical treatment regimens are associated with contradictory success rates. However, the increased experience with MRONJ management suggests that surgical therapy can halt disease progression, and can allow a histology-based diagnosis of osteonecrosis. Surgical approach with Er:YAG laser is associated with significantly better results compared with medical treatment and traditional surgical approaches. One of the difficulties encountered during surgical removal of a MRONJ is the precise individuation of necrotic bone margins. PATIENT AND METHODS A case of Stage III maxillary osteonecrosis treated with a new surgical approach is presented. RESULTS After 7 months of follow-up, complete mucosal healing was evident, and the patient was free of symptoms. Such a technique allowed a highly accurate and minimally invasive approach through the selective ablation of the non-/hypofluorescent areas. CONCLUSIONS Taking into account the advantages of laser therapy and the possible effectiveness of AF in highlighting surgical margins, this approach would probably achieve excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vescovi
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Giovannacci
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Sven Otto
- 2 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München , Munich, Germany
| | - Maddalena Manfredi
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
| | - Samir Nammour
- 3 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege , Liege, Belgium
| | - Marco Meleti
- 1 Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - Center of Oral Laser Surgery and Oral Pathology, Dental School, University of Parma , Parma, Italy
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Nammour S, Vanheusden A, Namour A, Zeinoun T. Evaluation of a New Method for the Treatment of Invasive, Diffuse, and Unexcisable Lymphangiomas of the Oral Cavity with Defocus CO2Laser Beam: A 20-Year Follow-Up. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:82-7. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Alain Vanheusden
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Amaury Namour
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege, Liege, Belgium
| | - Toni Zeinoun
- Department of Oral and Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Nammour S. Chronology of the Use of the Laser Beam in Dentistry, and the State of Postgraduate University Education Programs in this Domain. Photomed Laser Surg 2016; 34:1-2. [PMID: 26751917 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2015.4060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Nammour
- European Master Degree in Oral Laser Application Group, Department of Dental Science, University of Liege , Liege, Belgium
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Rasca E, Nyssen-Behets C, Tielemans M, Peremans A, Hendaoui N, Heysselaer D, Romeo U, Nammour S. Gingiva laser welding: preliminary study on an ex vivo porcine model. Photomed Laser Surg 2014; 32:437-43. [PMID: 25014573 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2013.3662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of lasers to fuse different tissues has been studied for 50 years. As none of these experiments concerned the oral soft tissues, our objective was to assess the feasibility of laser gingiva welding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Porcine full-thickness gingival flaps served to prepare calibrated samples in the middle of which a 2 cm long incision was closed, either by conventional suture or by laser tissue welding (LTW). To determine the irradiation conditions yielding the best tensile strength, 13 output power values, from 0.5 to 5 W, delivered either at 10 Hz or in continuous wave mode, were tested on six indocyanine green (ICG) concentrations, from 8% to 13% (588 samples). Then, some samples served to compare the tensile strength between the laser welded and the sutured gingiva; the other samples were histologically processed in order to evaluate the thermal damage extent. The temperature rise during the LTW was measured by thermocouples. Another group of 12 samples was used to measure the temperature elevation by thermal camera. RESULTS In the laser welding groups, the best tensile strength (p<0.05) was yielded by the 9% ICG saline solution (117 mM) at 4.5 W, 10 Hz, and a fluence of 31.3 kJ/cm(2). The apposition strength revealed no statistically significant difference (p<0.05) between the sutured and the laser welded gingiva at 4.5 W, 10 Hz, and 9% ICG solution. The mean temperature was 74±5.4°C at the upper surface and 42±8.9°C at the lower surface. The damaged zone averaged 333 μm at the upper surface. CONCLUSIONS The 808 nm diode laser associated with ICG can achieve oral mucosa LTW, which is conceivable as a promising technique of gingival repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Rasca
- 1 Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Liège, Belgium
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Vescovi P, Merigo E, Meleti M, Manfredi M, Fornaini C, Nammour S, Mergoni G, Sarraj A, Bagan JV. Conservative surgical management of stage I bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Int J Dent 2014; 2014:107690. [PMID: 24648841 PMCID: PMC3933473 DOI: 10.1155/2014/107690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. To report the efficacy of conservative surgical treatment for stage I bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Materials and Methods. This study reports the clinical outcomes of 63 patients treated for BRONJ stage I (according to Ruggiero's staging system) at the Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Surgery Unit of the University of Parma between January 2004 and January 2011. Surgical interventions were performed, under local analgesia, in patients unresponsive for a period of six months to noninvasive treatments such as cycles of local or systemic antibacterial therapy combined or not to low level laser therapy, ozone therapy, or Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy. All interventions were performed after the consultation of oncologist or physician. Results. In our experience, conservative surgical treatment is associated with the highest number of BRONJ healed sites in stage I disease. Complete healing was observed in 92.6% of sites surgically treated. Conclusions. This study confirms that treatment of patients affected by minimal bone exposition, (stage I of BRONJ), through conservative surgical strategies, possibly with laser, may result in a high control of the disease in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vescovi
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Merigo
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Meleti
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Maddalena Manfredi
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Carlo Fornaini
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | | | - Giovanni Mergoni
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Amin Sarraj
- Unit of Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences, University of Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Vescovi P, Meleti M, Merigo E, Manfredi M, Fornaini C, Guidotti R, Nammour S. Case series of 589 tooth extractions in patients under bisphosphonates therapy. Proposal of a clinical protocol supported by Nd:YAG low-level laser therapy. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2013; 18:e680-5. [PMID: 23524436 PMCID: PMC3731098 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.18812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Trauma during dental surgery is a predisposing factor for bisphosphonates (BP)-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ). However, about 40% of cases of BRONJ are not related to dental invasive procedures, being probably associated to endodontic or periodontal infections. Extraction of non-treatable teeth is considered a reliable choice, to improve symptoms and to reduce the risk of BRONJ.
Here we report our experience of tooth extractions in patients under oral or intravenous BP therapy.
Study Design: Two-hundred and seventeen patients (38 males, 179 females; mean age 68.72 ± 11.26 years, range 30 to 83 years) under BP therapy received 589 tooth extractions at the Unit of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Laser-assisted Surgery of the University of Parma, Italy, between June 2006 and December 2010. Ninety five patients were under BP therapy for oncological disease (multiple myeloma (MM): 23; bone metastases (BM): 72) and 122 patients for non oncological diseases: 119 osteoporosis (OP), 2 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 1 Paget’s disease (PD). The mean duration of BP was of 35 months.
Antibiotic treatment was administered three days before and 2 weeks after tooth extractions. Patients were additionally treated with low level laser therapy (LLLT) through Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm – power 1.25 W; frequency 15 Hz; fibre diameter: 320 ?m), 5 application of 1 minute each. Patients were evaluated 3 days and once a week for 2 months after the extractions and every time they received LLLT. Mean follow-up was 15 months (ranging from 4 to 31 months).
Results: In a total of 589 extractions (285 mandibular, 304 maxillary) performed, a minimal bone exposure was observed in 5 cases, treated with Er:YAG laser vaporization and than healed.
Conclusions: Our experience supports the hypothesis that the association of antibiotic treatment and LLLT can be effective in preventing ONJ after tooth extractions in patients under BPT.
Key words:Nd:YAG laser, low level laser therapy, tooth extractions, bisphosphonates, jaws osteonecrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vescovi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences - S.Bi.Bi.T, University of Parma, Italy.
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Umana M, Heysselaer D, Tielemans M, Compere P, Zeinoun T, Nammour S. Dentinal tubules sealing by means of diode lasers (810 and 980 nm): a preliminary in vitro study. Photomed Laser Surg 2013; 31:307-14. [PMID: 23756100 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on dentinal surfaces of diode lasers (810 and 980 nm) at different parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four caries-free human impacted wisdom teeth were used. The crowns were sectioned transversely in order to expose the dentin. The smear layer was removed by a 1 min application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). Each surface was divided into four quadrants irradiated at a different output power setting for each kind of laser: 0.8, 1, 1.6, and 2 W (energy densities: 2547, 3184, 5092, and 6366 J/cm(2), irradiation speed 1 mm/sec; optical fiber diameter: 200 μm; continuous and noncontact mode). Half of the samples were stained with a graphite paste. All specimens were sent for scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis. Pulp temperature increases in additional 20 teeth were measured by a thermocouple. RESULTS Diode laser irradiations at 0.8 and 1 W led to occlusion or narrowing of dentin tubules without provoking fissures or cracks. The application of graphite paste increased the thermal effects in dentin. Measurements of pulp temperature showed that irradiations at 0.8 and 1 W for a period of 10 sec in continuous mode increased pulp temperature (T ≤2°C). CONCLUSIONS Diode lasers (810 and 980 nm) used at 0.8 and 1 W for 10 sec in continuous mode were able to seal the dentin tubules. These parameters can be considered harmless for pulp vitality, and may be effective in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Umana
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège , Quai Godfroid Kurth, Liège, Belgium.
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Lahmouzi J, Farache M, Umana M, Compere P, Nyssen-Behets C, Nammour S, Samir N. Influence of sodium hypochlorite on Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentin and its effect on the quality of adaptation of the composite restoration margins. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:655-62. [PMID: 23075147 DOI: 10.1089/pho.2012.3249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aims of this in vitro study were to evaluate: (1) the influence of 5% NaOCl application on Er:YAG-irradiated dentin; and (2) its effect on the quality of adaptation of the composite restoration margins. BACKGROUND DATA Previous research has shown that Er:YAG dentin irradiation produces a thermally affected tissue layer that results in lower bond strength than that of nonirradiated dentin. The removal of this thermally-affected layer may enhance the quality of dentin bonding. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-nine caries-free extracted human molars were transversely sectioned in order to totally expose the dentin. Four standardized cavities were created on the dentinal surface of each molar. First, two cavities were irradiated with Er:YAG laser (2.94 nm): 150 mJ, 10 Hz, variable square pulse (VSP) mode (100 μsec), beam diameter=0.9 mm, speed of irradiation=1 mm/sec, 20% air and 20% water. Then, one of irradiated cavities and one of nonirradiated cavities were treated for 30 sec with 5% NaOCl solution. Finally, they went through a standard bonding treatment for composite restoration, etching, bonding, and composite filling. We obtained four groups of cavities: (1) one control group of nonirradiated cavities not pretreated with NaOCl; (2) one group of nonirradiated cavities, pretreated with NaOCl; (3) one group of irradiated cavities, not pretreated with NaOCl; and (4) one group of irradiated cavities, pretreated with NaOCl. All samples were subjected to thermocycling. Every cavity was immersed into a 0.5% solution of methylene blue. The percentage of dye penetration (microleakage) in the composite-dentin interface was evaluated. Six molars were analyzed by scanning electron microscope. RESULTS Dye infiltration depth was significantly reduced in irradiated cavities treated with 5% NaOCl solution. CONCLUSIONS The application of a 5% NaOCl solution on Er:YAG irradiated cavities can significantly improve the marginal quality of composite bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamila Lahmouzi
- Department of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liège, 27 avenue des Platanes, Liège, Belgium.
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Vescovi P, Merigo E, Fornaini C, Rocca JP, Nammour S. Thermal increase in the oral mucosa and in the jawbone during Nd:YAG laser applications. Ex vivo study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e697-704. [PMID: 22322506 PMCID: PMC3476036 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Accepted: 09/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Literature reports bactericidal and biostimulant effects for Nd:YAG laser procedures on bone and oral mucosa but the possible overheating can cause damage to anatomical structures.
The aim of the study is the evaluation of thermal increase in different levels of oral tissues: mucosa, periosteum and bone during defocused application of Nd:YAG laser at different parameters.
Study Design: Superficial thermal evaluation was performed in pig jaws with a thermal camera device; deep thermal evaluation was realized by 4 thermocouples placed at a subperiosteal level and at 1,2 and 4 mm depth in the jaw bone. Laser applications of 1 minute were performed 5 times (with a pause of 1 minute) on a surface of 4 cm2 with a Nd:YAG laser (VSP mode, 320 micrometer fiber, defocused mode) with different parameters. Temperatures were recorded before and after laser applications and after each pause in order to evaluate also the thermal relaxation of tissues.
Results: At submucosal level, mean thermal increase was between 1.1°C and 13.2°C, at 1 mm depth between 1.1°C and 8.5°C, at 2 mm depth between 1.1°C and 6.8°C, at 4 mm depth between 1.0°C and 5.3°C. Temperature decrease during the rest time period was variable between 0°C and 2.5°C.
Conclusions: Temperatures reached during clinical procedures with parameters reported in the literature in biostimulation protocols (1.25-2 Watts) for the five minutes of application are not dangerous for biological structures. The decrease in temperature during the rest time period is less considerable in the bone in comparison to oral mucosa.
Key words:Nd:YAG laser, thermal increase, thermocouple, thermal camera, low level laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Vescovi
- Unit of Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Laser-Assisted Oral Surgery, Department of ENT-Dental Ophtalmological and Cervico-Facial Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
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Fornaini C, Rocca JP, Merigo E, Meleti M, Manfredi M, Nammour S, Vescovi P. Low energy KTP laser in oral soft tissue surgery: A 52 patients clinical study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012; 17:e287-91. [PMID: 22143694 PMCID: PMC3448313 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Since 1962 laser appliances have been used for soft tissues surgery of oral cavity with significant advantages
compared to the traditional instruments: excellent bleeding control, possibility to avoid the use of suture, good patient compliance thanks to a decrease of intra- and post-operative discomfort and biostimulating effect.
Unfortunately, the wavelengths so far used have been seen to cause, in association with an excellent ablation capacity,
heat damage of the tissues that can decrease healing process and cause a greater discomfort to patients.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the laser-assisted KTP laser surgery at low power in terms of characteristics of intervention and patients compliance.
Study design: In this study, we describe the application of a new and recently introduced in dentistry wavelength, the KTP laser (532 nm), used with low power (1 Watt - CW), evaluating the time of interventions and, by a Numerical
Rating Scale, the intra and postoperative pain.
Results: KTP laser used at low power permits to obtain good pain control during operations that were carried out with only a topic anaesthetic (EMLA, Astratech), as shown in VAS tests. Good healing with limited or absent burning areas in treated portion of tissue.
Conclusions: These preliminary study allows us to affirm that KTP laser with low parameters permits to perform oral surgery with good pain control and good wound healing. A greater number of clinical cases are however necessary to confirm the result obtained. Key words: Laser, KTP, oral surgery, thermal increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Fornaini
- Via Varini 10, 29017, Fiorenzuola d'Arda (Piacenza) Italia.
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Rasca E, Tielemans M, Nyssen-Behets C, Heysselaer D, Hadeiba M, David S, Romeo U, Nammour S. Preliminary study of an ex vivo porcine model of gingiva laser tissue welding. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17643528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Hadeiba M, Tielemans M, Heysselaer D, David S, Rasca E, Nammour S. Periodontal and Pulpal temperature increase during dental treatments of roots and gingival pockets with Diode lasers (980 and 810 nm). In vitro study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17643571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Merigo E, Meleti M, Manfredi M, Fornaini C, Nammour S, Vescovi P. Laser-assisted protocol for dental extractions and prevention of BRONJ in bisphosphonates therapy patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17643525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vescovi P, Manfredi M, Merigo E, Meleti M, Guidotti R, Sarraj A, Mergoni G, Fornaini C, Bonanini M, Pizzi S, Rocca J, Nammour S. Osteonecrosi dei mascellari e bisfosfonati: terapia e follow-up a lungo termine in 160 pazienti. Dental Cadmos 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cadmos.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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David S, Tielemans M, Heysselaer D, Hadeiba M, Rasca E, Nammour S. Dentinal Hypersensitivity Treatment with diode laser (810 nm). Preliminary clinical study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17643618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Vescovi P, Merigo E, Corradi D, Maestri R, Fornaini C, Nammour S. Pilot in vitro study for LLLT with Nd:YAG laser in dental extractions in rats under zoledronic acid and dexamethasone administration. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17643560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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