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Awaad R, Hussein A, Durrani Z, Shareef S. The Development of a Novel Suicide Postvention Healing Model for Muslim Communities in the United States of America. J Relig Health 2024; 63:1002-1016. [PMID: 38006521 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01949-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Suicide among American Muslims is understudied, despite recent research highlighting increased suicide attempts among this population. While suicide is forbidden in Islam, formal guidelines for addressing and responding to suicide within Muslim communities did not exist until recently. The Stanford Muslim Mental Health and Islamic Psychology Lab has responded to a number of suicides in Muslim communities across North America and implemented an original model for suicide response and community healing. This approach incorporates Islamic principles and values to create a culturally and religiously congruent response to suicide that can support loss survivors and steer impacted communities toward healing. The Muslim Postvention Community Healing session described in this paper aims to provide a safe space for individuals impacted by suicide to come together and process their emotions, while also using Islamic teachings to guide the healing process. This unique model has the potential to serve as a valuable resource for Muslim communities across North America, and beyond, in addressing and responding to suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Awaad
- Muslim Mental Health and Islamic Psychology Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Maristan, San Francisco Bay Area, Hayward, CA, USA.
| | - Anwar Hussein
- Department of Psychology, The University of Akron, 290 E Buchtel Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Zuha Durrani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Sana Shareef
- Department of Bioethics, School of Professional Studies, Columbia University, 2970 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Awaad R, Durrani Z, Quadri Y, Sifat MS, Hussein A, Kouser T, El-Gabalawy O, Rajeh N, Shareef S. Developing a Suicide Crisis Response Team in America: An Islamic Perspective. J Relig Health 2024; 63:985-1001. [PMID: 38245908 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a critical public health issue in the United States, recognized as the tenth leading cause of death across all age groups (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). Despite the Islamic prohibition on suicide, suicidal ideation and suicide mortality persist among Muslim populations. Recent data suggest that U.S. Muslim adults are particularly vulnerable, with a higher attempt history compared to respondents from other faith traditions. While the underlying reasons for this vulnerability are unclear, it is evident that culturally and religiously congruent mental health services can be utilized to steer suicide prevention, intervention, and postvention in Muslim communities across the United States. However, the development of Suicide Response toolkits specific to Muslim populations is currently limited. As a result, Muslim communities lack a detailed framework to appropriately respond in the event of a suicide tragedy. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by providing structured guidelines for the formation of a Crisis Response Team (CRT) through an Islamic lens. The CRT comprises of a group of individuals who are strategically positioned to respond to a suicide tragedy. Ideally, the team will include religious leaders, mental health professionals, healthcare providers, social workers, and community leaders. The proposed guidelines are designed to be culturally and religiously congruent and take into account the unique cultural and religious factors that influence Muslim communities' responses to suicide. By equipping key personnel in Muslim communities with the resources to intervene in an emergent situation, provide support to those affected, and mobilize community members to assist in prevention efforts, this model can help save lives and prevent future suicide tragedies in Muslim communities across the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Awaad
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Muslim Mental Health and Islamic Psychology Lab, Stanford University School of Medicine, 401 Quarry Rd Ste 2114, MC 5723, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Maristan, 340 Annette Lane, Hayward, CA, 94541, USA.
| | - Zuha Durrani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Yasmeen Quadri
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5101, USA
| | - Munjireen S Sifat
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
- Health Promotion Research Center, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Anwar Hussein
- Department of Psychology, The University of Akron, 290 E Buchtel Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Taimur Kouser
- School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, 94305-5101, USA
| | - Osama El-Gabalawy
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Neshwa Rajeh
- Department of Professional Studies, Northwestern University, 633 Clark Street, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sana Shareef
- School of Professional Studies, Department of Bioethics, Columbia University, 2970 Broadway, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Shareef O, Shareef S, Saeed HN. New Frontiers in Acanthamoeba Keratitis Diagnosis and Management. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1489. [PMID: 38132315 PMCID: PMC10740828 DOI: 10.3390/biology12121489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK) is a severe corneal infection caused by the Acanthamoeba species of protozoa, potentially leading to permanent vision loss. AK requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to mitigate vision impairment. Diagnosing AK is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other corneal infections, and treatment is made complicated by the organism's dual forms and increasing virulence, and delayed diagnosis. In this review, new approaches in AK diagnostics and treatment within the last 5 years are discussed. The English-language literature on PubMed was reviewed using the search terms "Acanthamoeba keratitis" and "diagnosis" or "treatment" and focused on studies published between 2018 and 2023. Two hundred sixty-five publications were initially identified, of which eighty-seven met inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review highlights the findings of these studies. Notably, advances in PCR-based diagnostics may be clinically implemented in the near future, while antibody-based and machine-learning approaches hold promise for the future. Single-drug topical therapy (0.08% PHMB) may improve drug access and efficacy, while oral medication (i.e., miltefosine) may offer a treatment option for patients with recalcitrant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Shareef
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
| | - Sana Shareef
- Department of Bioethics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Hajirah N. Saeed
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Shareef S, Rehman R, Haque M, Silverberg J. LB895 Readability, Understandability, and Actionability of Online Patient Education Materials for Sunscreen. J Invest Dermatol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Blighe K, DeDionisio L, Christie KA, Chawes B, Shareef S, Kakouli-Duarte T, Chao-Shern C, Harding V, Kelly RS, Castellano L, Stebbing J, Lasky-Su JA, Nesbit MA, Moore CBT. Gene editing in the context of an increasingly complex genome. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:595. [PMID: 30086710 PMCID: PMC6081867 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The reporting of the first draft of the human genome in 2000 brought with it much hope for the future in what was felt as a paradigm shift toward improved health outcomes. Indeed, we have now mapped the majority of variation across human populations with landmark projects such as 1000 Genomes; in cancer, we have catalogued mutations across the primary carcinomas; whilst, for other diseases, we have identified the genetic variants with strongest association. Despite this, we are still awaiting the genetic revolution in healthcare to materialise and translate itself into the health benefits for which we had hoped. A major problem we face relates to our underestimation of the complexity of the genome, and that of biological mechanisms, generally. Fixation on DNA sequence alone and a 'rigid' mode of thinking about the genome has meant that the folding and structure of the DNA molecule -and how these relate to regulation- have been underappreciated. Projects like ENCODE have additionally taught us that regulation at the level of RNA is just as important as that at the spatiotemporal level of chromatin.In this review, we chart the course of the major advances in the biomedical sciences in the era pre- and post the release of the first draft sequence of the human genome, taking a focus on technology and how its development has influenced these. We additionally focus on gene editing via CRISPR/Cas9 as a key technique, in particular its use in the context of complex biological mechanisms. Our aim is to shift the mode of thinking about the genome to that which encompasses a greater appreciation of the folding of the DNA molecule, DNA- RNA/protein interactions, and how these regulate expression and elaborate disease mechanisms.Through the composition of our work, we recognise that technological improvement is conducive to a greater understanding of biological processes and life within the cell. We believe we now have the technology at our disposal that permits a better understanding of disease mechanisms, achievable through integrative data analyses. Finally, only with greater understanding of disease mechanisms can techniques such as gene editing be faithfully conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Blighe
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, Robert Kilpatrick Clinical Sciences Building, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester, LE2 7LX, UK.
- Bill Lyons Informatics Centre, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, WC1E 6DD, London, UK.
| | - L DeDionisio
- Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - K A Christie
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - B Chawes
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S Shareef
- University of Raparin, Ranya, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - T Kakouli-Duarte
- Institute of Technology Carlow, Department of Science and Health, Kilkenny Road, Carlow, Ireland
| | - C Chao-Shern
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
- Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - V Harding
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - R S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Castellano
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
- JMS Building, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - J Stebbing
- Imperial College London, Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - J A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 181 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Nesbit
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - C B T Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, University of Ulster, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, BT52 1SA, UK.
- Avellino Laboratories, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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Shareef S, Sridhar I, Dakshayani K, Rao Y, Santhamma B. Evaluation of the effects of tramadol and diclofenac alone and in combination on post-cesarean pain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5455/2319-2003.ijbcp20140610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Abdwani R, Al Abrawi S, Shareef S, Al Zakwani I. FRI0360 Geographical clustering of juvenile onset systemic lupus erythematosus within the sultanate of oman. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-eular.2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The neuronal form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-1) has been localized to several cell types in the retinas of experimental animals; however, localization in the human retina has not been definitive. By using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we have compared the cellular expression and localization of NOS-1 in the rat and human retinas. In both rat and human retinas, NOS-1 is expressed in the inner segments of photoreceptors, cells in the inner nuclear layer, particularly amacrine cells, and retinal ganglion cells. In human cones, NOS-1 is abundantly present in the outer segments. In the rat, optic nerve transection caused a loss of cells that were positive for NOS-1 in the ganglion cell layer. Although a retinal ganglion cell localization has not been reported consistently in the literature, our data clearly localize NOS-1 to the retinal ganglion cells of the rat and human retinas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Neufeld
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA.
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Shareef S, Sawada A, Neufeld AH. Isoforms of nitric oxide synthase in the optic nerves of rat eyes with chronic moderately elevated intraocular pressure. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1999; 40:2884-91. [PMID: 10549648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the hypothesis that nitric oxide (NO) in the optic nerve heads of rats with chronic moderately elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) contributes to neurotoxicity of the retinal ganglion cells, the presence of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was determined in the tissue. METHODS Unilateral chronic moderately elevated IOP was produced in rats by cautery of three episcleral vessels. Histologic sections of optic nerves from eyes with normal IOP and with chronic moderately elevated IOP were studied by immunohistochemistry and by immunoblot analysis. Polyclonal antibodies to NOS-1, NOS-2, NOS-3, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were localized with immunoperoxidase. RESULTS In the optic nerve of rat eyes with normal IOP, NOS-1 was constitutively present in astrocytes, pericytes and nerve terminals in the walls of the central artery. NOS-2 was not present in eyes with normal IOP. In these eyes, NOS-3 was constitutively present in the vascular endothelia of large and small vessels. Rat eyes treated with three-vessel cautery had sustained elevated IOP (1.6 fold) for at least 3 months. In these eyes, no obvious changes in NOS-1 or NOS-3 were noted. However, at time points as early as 4 days of chronic moderately elevated IOP, NOS-2 appeared in astrocytes in the optic nerve heads of these eyes and persisted for up to 3 months. Immunoblot analysis did not detect differences in NOS isoforms. CONCLUSION The cellular distributions of constitutive NOS isoforms in the rat optic nerve suggest physiological roles for NO in this tissue. NOS-1 in astrocytes may produce NO as a mediator between neighboring cells. NO, produced by NOS-1 in pericytes and nitrergic nerve terminals and by NOS-3 in vascular endothelia, is probably a physiological vasodilator in this tissue. In eyes with chronic moderately elevated IOP, NOS-2 is apparently induced in astrocytes. The excessive NO production that is associated with this isoform may contribute to the neurotoxicity of the retinal ganglion cells in eyes with chronic moderately elevated IOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shareef
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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Biswal N, Shareef S, Nalini P, Srinivasan S, Basu D. Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Indian J Pediatr 1999; 66:632-5. [PMID: 10798121 DOI: 10.1007/bf02727184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare condition in children associated with immunodeficiency, life threatening infections and malignancy. Infection associated hemophagocytosis responds well to appropriate antimicrobioal therapy and rarely to steroids when the infective agent is suspected to be of viral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Biswal
- Department of Pediatrics, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry
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Abstract
The death of retinal ganglion cells during glaucoma is thought to result from damage to their axons as they exit the eye through the lamina cribrosa. In this study, intraocular pressure in the rat was increased to twice the normal average by cauterizing two limbal-derived veins. To investigate whether retinal ganglion cells in the glaucomatous eye follow an apoptotic type of death, DNA breaks in nuclei were labeled in situ, using a method that specifically incorporates biotinylated deoxynucleotides by exogenous terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase to the 3'-OH ends of DNA. The active nature of the death mechanism was demonstrated by the reduction in numbers of biotin-labeled nuclei after administration of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide. Our results suggest that retinal ganglion cells of the adult rat die through apoptosis when the intraocular pressure is markedly increased. This raises new possibilities in the treatment of glaucomatous damage to the retina, by the potential interruptibility of a program for neuronal death.
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