Cockayne syndrome, MEN1, and genomic variants: Exome sequencing is changing our view of the genetic landscape

The availability of genomic sequencing for inherited diseases provides a more complete molecular basis for how an individual's genetic landscape influences clinical outcome. We describe a family where exome sequencing of a 3-year-old boy with clinical features of Cockayne syndrome (CS) confirmed the diagnosis of CS. He also had a mutation consistent with a pre-symptomatic second disease, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), each potentially affecting multiple organ systems, in addition to a poorly defined variant in fumarate hydratase (FH). Genomic sequencing may reveal coexisting pathogenic mutations and variants which complicate clinical interpretation.

Influenza-Induced Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy With Cerebral Involvement in a Ten-Year-Old Boy

A 10-year-old male presented with 1-week duration of painless bilateral central vision loss after having been diagnosed with influenza A. Optical coherence tomography revealed superficial retinal nerve fiber layer infarcts, hyperreflectivity of the inner nuclear layer consistent with paracentral acute middle maculopathy (PAMM), and outer nuclear layer hyperreflectivity and disruption of the ellipsoid zone suggesting acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN). Brain MRI revealed enhancement of the right basal ganglia consistent with focal encephalitis. He was diagnosed with presumed influenza-induced leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) and treated with intravenous steroids. Influenza-induced LCV is a rare phenomenon and can present with AMN, PAMM, and encephalitis. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020;51:293-297.].