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Ajmera RP, Kulkarni SV. A Study of Prognostic Markers for Dengue Infection. Int J Travel Med Glob Health 2021. [DOI: 10.34172/ijtmgh.2021.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Early diagnosis and prognostication of infections such as dengue are crucial for better patient outcomes, as they help predict the likelihood of patients developing severe dengue, allowing more comprehensive patient triage and therapeutic interventions. This study aimed to determine clinical, laboratory, and radiological factors predicting prognosis in dengue infection. Methods: This prospective observational study included 250 patients seropositive for dengue. They were classified into dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), and dengue shock syndrome (DSS); and evaluated both on admission and at the end of their hospital course, the latter was performed for factors responsible for the progression of dengue to severe dengue. Data were statistically analyzed using R 3.6.1, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: Final diagnosis correlated significantly with systolic blood pressure (P=0.004), lowest platelet count (P<0.001), serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (P=0.001), urine protein (P<0.001), urine red blood cells (P<0.001), pleural effusion (P=0.0064), serositis (P<0.001), vomiting (P<0.001), rash (P<0.001), restlessness (P<0.001), and bleeding manifestations (P<0.001). Conclusion: The prognosis of dengue is significantly associated with blood pressure, lowest platelet count, serum transaminases, serum creatinine, proteinuria, hematuria, pleural effusion, abdominal pain, persistent vomiting, rash, restlessness, serositis, and bleeding manifestations. Monitoring these parameters is useful for the effective management of dengue.
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Sanghvi Y, Bisht H, Khankhoje UK, Gadre VM, Kulkarni SV. Iteratively reweighted ℓ 1-ℓ 2 norm minimization using wavelets in inverse scattering: publisher's note. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2020; 37:889. [PMID: 32400725 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.396227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This publisher's note corrects the author list in J. Opt. Soc. Am. A37, 680 (2020).JOAOD60740-323210.1364/JOSAA.381365.
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Sanghvi Y, Bisht H, Khankhoje UK, Gadre VM, Kulkarni SV. Iteratively reweighted ℓ 1-ℓ 2 norm minimization using wavelets in inverse scattering. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 2020; 37:680-687. [PMID: 32400552 DOI: 10.1364/josaa.381365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, many techniques have been employed to solve inverse scattering problems by exploiting the sparsity of the scatterer in the wavelet basis. In this paper, we propose an iteratively reweighted $ {\ell _1} $ norm regularization scheme within the settings of the Born iterative method (BIM) to effectively leverage the sparsity of the wavelet coefficients. This "iteratively reweighted $ {\ell _1} $ minimization" method is then used along with $ {\ell _2} $ norm minimization in order to achieve solutions that are not over-smoothened at the discontinuities. The proposed method is an expansion of a well-known joint $ {\ell _1} {-} {\ell _2} $ norm minimization technique. The advantage offered by the algorithm is that the reconstruction is now independent of the initial choice of weights. This technique accounts for the fact that sparsity is concentrated more in the detail wavelet coefficients rather than their coarse counterpart. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated using several 2D inverse scattering examples by employing it in each iteration of the BIM.
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Shetty BV, Kulkarni SV, Nuchhi SS. Study of Blood Urea Nitrogen to Serum Albumin Ratio and Serum Albumin Alone in Hospitalized Patients of Community Acquired Pneumonia. J Assoc Physicians India 2020; 68:88. [PMID: 31979835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
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Redkar V, Redkar S, Inamdar M, Inamdar A, Redkar SS, Jagtap M, Rane S, Kulkarni SV, Deshpande J, Gupta S. P6378Characteristics of hypertensive iron ore miners with oral glucocorticoid induced diabetes mellitus and compromised lung function. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz746.0974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Oral glucocorticoids are efficacious agents for treating respiratory diseases, with high risk to induce metabolic diseases including diabetes and hypertension
Purpose
To analyse the hypertensive patient population from the rural setting on ongoing glucocorticoid treatment and diagnosed as diabetic due to the extensive chronic methylprednisolone equivalent glucocorticoid dose of more than 4 mg/day for at least 3 months for treatment of respiratory ailments due to occupational hazard
Methods
We diagnosed the identified and analysed a subset of patients from the Redi iron ore miners (n=25,500), who were newly diagnosed diabetics (n=1100) and with associated systemic hypertension (systolic BP >140 mmHg, diastolic BP > than 90 mmHg). Patients diagnosed as Oral Glucocorticoid Induced Diabetes Mellitus (GIDM) and hypertensives (n=847; 572 males and 275 females) were characterised on metabolic parameters. t-test was utilised for statistical analysis
Results
We observed a high incidence of GIDM (4.31%) with a high rate of hypertension (77%, 847/1100). Mean SBP was 150 mmHg (SD ± 9.9, 95% CI 147–152), mean DBP was 90 mmHg (SD ± 8.9, 95% CI 88–92). BMI in GIDM with hypertension (GIDM-H) group was similar to GIDM group (26 kg/m2) (Table), with relatively older age in GIDM–H (53 vs 51 years). The glycemic parameters were relatively more deranged in GIDM-H group. There was significant correlation for a high propensity of relatively younger <50 years (n=506) and near normal weight people with BMI <26 kg/m2 (n=594) to develop GIDM (p=0.006)
Metabolic Parameters GIDM Vs GIDM-H Mean ±SD, min, max, 95% CI GIDM (n=1100) GIDM with Hypertension (n=847) Age (yrs) 51 (SD ±14, 95% CI 48–54) 53 (SD ±13, 95% CI 50–56) HbA1c (%) 7.1 (SD ±0.62, 95% CI 7–7.3), 7.2 (SD ±0.60, 95% CI 7.1–7.3) BMI (kg/m2) 26 (SD ±3.6, 95% CI 25–27) 26 (SD ±3.4, 95% CI 25–27) Fasting Plasma Glucose (mg/dl) 146 (SD ±49, 95% CI 136–155) 149 (SD ±48, 95% CI 138–160) Post Prandial Glucose (mg/dl) 207 (SD ±74, 95% CI 192 - 221) 212 (SD ±74, 95% CI 195–228)
Conclusions
The high rates of hypertension in patients with GIDM is an alarmingly problem which has pronounced harmful comorbid implications, especially in younger, economically productive population in limited resource setting. The health care professionals need to be educated to limit use of glucocorticoids to inhalational therapy with minimal systemic effects. Specific pathophysiological approach to address the steroid induced insulin resistance, strategies to reduce cardiovascular risk and damage, makes treatment of hypertension and GIDM difficult, which calls for action to limit the mining activities and mitigate risk of chronic complications
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Affiliation(s)
- V Redkar
- Redkar Hospital and Research Center, Oshalbag-Dhargal, Medicine, Goa, India
| | - S Redkar
- Redkar Hospital and Research Center, Oshalbag-Dhargal, Medicine, Goa, India
| | - M Inamdar
- Ashwini Hospital, Medicine, Akluj, Maharashtra, India
| | - A Inamdar
- Ashwini Hospital, Medicine, Akluj, Maharashtra, India
| | - S S Redkar
- Redkar Hospital and Research Center, Oshalbag-Dhargal, Medicine, Goa, India
| | - M Jagtap
- Redkar Hospital and Research Centre, Redi, Maharashtra, Medicine, Redi, India
| | - S Rane
- Redkar Hospital and Research Center, Oshalbag-Dhargal, Medicine, Goa, India
| | - S V Kulkarni
- Diabetes Heart and Child Care Centre, Medicine, Navi Mumbai, India
| | | | - S Gupta
- SG Diabetes Centre, Medicine, New Delhi, India
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Trehan V, Maheshwari V, Kulkarni SV, Kapoor S, Gupta A. Evaluation of near infrared spectroscopy as screening tool for detecting intracranial hematomas in patients with traumatic brain injury. Med J Armed Forces India 2018; 74:139-142. [PMID: 29692479 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the most common surgical emergencies in service hospitals of India. Computed tomography (CT) has been a consistent and reliable technique for detecting intracranial hemorrhages but is limited by its non-availability in most service hospitals. Therefore the need for a cheaper, portable and easily available option required to be explored. The aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) against the gold standard of NCCT head. Methods An observational, prospective study was conducted in 100 patients of closed head injury, attending the emergency department or surgical OPD of a service zonal hospital with NIRS. All these patients were subsequently subjected to NCCT head. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of NIRS were calculated. The study was conducted from Oct 2010 to Jul 2012. Results All the 100 patients were evaluated with NIRS and subsequently subjected to NCCT head. The results were compiled and statistical analysis of the same was conducted. The data revealed a sensitivity of 58.46%, a specificity of 42.86%, a positive predictive value of 65.52% and a negative predictive value of 35.71%. Conclusion Near Infra Red Spectroscopy (NIRS) is a good screening tool for prediction of intra cerebral haemorrhage in the field and even intensive care units. This was the first study of its kind in the Indian subcontinent and the results suggest that NIRS is a good device to predict intracranial subdural and epidural haematomas. It is however not superior to computer tomography and magnetic resonance imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trehan
- Classified Specialist (Surgery) & GI Surgeon, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt 110010, India
| | - Vikas Maheshwari
- Senior Adviser (Surgery) & Neurosurgeon, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - S V Kulkarni
- Classified Specialist (Surgery) & GI Surgeon, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - Sanjeev Kapoor
- Senior Adviser (Surgery & Orthopaedics), 5 Air Force Hospital, Assam, India
| | - Anurakshat Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Trehan V, Rao PP, Naidu CS, Sharma AK, Singh AK, Sharma S, Gaur A, Kulkarni SV, Pathak N. Hydrogen peroxide test for intraoperative bile leak detection. Med J Armed Forces India 2017; 73:256-260. [PMID: 28790783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bile leakage (BL) is a common complication following liver surgery, ranging from 3 to 27% in different series. To reduce the incidence of post-operative BL various BL tests have been applied since ages, but no method is foolproof and every method has their own limitations. In this study we used a relatively simpler technique to detect the BL intra-operatively. Topical application of 1.5% diluted hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used to detect the BL from cut surface of liver and we compared this with conventional saline method to know the efficacy. METHODS A total of 31 patients included all patients who underwent liver resection and donor hepatectomies as part of Living Donor Liver Transplantation. After complete liver resection, the conventional saline test followed by topical diluted 1.5% H2O2 test was performed on all. RESULTS A BL was demonstrated in 11 patients (35.48%) by the conventional saline method and in 19 patients (61.29%) by H2O2 method. Statistically compared by Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed significant difference (P = 0.014) for minor liver resections group and (P = 0.002) for major liver resections group. CONCLUSION The topical application of H2O2 is a simple and effective method of detection of BL from cut surface of liver. It is an easy, non-invasive, cheap, less time consuming, reproducible, and sensitive technique with no obvious disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Trehan
- Classified Specialist (Surgery) & G I Surgeon, Base Hospital, Delhi Cantt 110010, India
| | - Pankaj P Rao
- Senior Advisor (Surgery & G I Surgery), Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune 411040, India
| | - C S Naidu
- Professor & Head, Department of Surgery, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Anuj K Sharma
- Senior Advisor (Surgery & G I Surgery), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Senior Advisor (Surgery & G I Surgery), Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Senior Advisor (Surgery & G I Surgery), Command Hospital (Northern Command) C/o 56 APO, India
| | - Amit Gaur
- Classified Specialist (Surgery) & G I Surgeon, 5 Air Force Hospital, C/o 99 APO, India
| | - S V Kulkarni
- Classified Specialist (Surgery & G I Surgery) Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - N Pathak
- Classified Specialist (Surgery & G I Surgery) Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
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Mishra GA, Dhivar HD, Gupta SD, Kulkarni SV, Shastri SS. A population-based screening program for early detection of common cancers among women in India - methodology and interim results. Indian J Cancer 2016; 52:139-45. [PMID: 26838003 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.175581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancers of the uterine cervix, breast, and oral cavity accounted for 134,420, 115,251, and 24,375 cases, respectively, and were responsible for 52.8% of the total cancers among women in India in 2008. AIM The major objectives were to create awareness regarding common cancers among women, to detect pre-cancers of the uterine cervix and oral cavity, and early cancers of the breast, uterine cervix, and oral cavity, by conducting screening with simple, low-cost technology, within the community, and to facilitate confirmation of diagnosis among the screen positives and treatment and follow-up among the diagnosed cases. SETTINGS AND METHODS This is a community-based screening program for early detection of breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, being implemented among the socioeconomically disadvantaged women in Mumbai, India. The process involves selection of clusters, household surveys, health education, and screening the eligible women for breast, uterine cervix, and oral cancers, by primary healthcare workers, at a temporarily set-up clinic within the community. The program is planned to cover a 125,000 disadvantaged population in five years. RESULTS Twenty-one thousand and fifteen people, with 4009 eligible women, have been covered to date. The compliance for screening for breast, cervix, and oral cavity has been 85, 70, and 88% and the screen positivity rates are 3.9, 14.9, and 3.9%, respectively. Twenty-seven oral pre-cancers, 25 cervix pre-cancers, one invasive cancer of the breast, two of the cervix, and one oral cavity cancer have been diagnosed among the screened women and all of them have complied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS The program is raising awareness about the common cancers and harms of tobacco among the disadvantaged women population in Mumbai. It is also helping in detecting pre-cancers and cancers among asymptomatic women and is assisting them in receiving treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Gaur A, Naidu CS, Rao PP, Sharma S, Singh AK, Trehan V, Kulkarni SV, Pathak N, Singh A, Goyal B. The effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on glycemic control in morbidly obese patients. Int J Surg 2016; 28:131-5. [PMID: 26902533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2016.02.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bariatric procedures have become popular in treating not only the morbid obesity but also the metabolic derangements. Sleeve Gastrectomy has recently become popular as a standalone procedure and its usefulness as a metabolic procedure especially glycemic control is still under investigation. One of the most commonly used measure of insulin resistance is statistically derived 'Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). AIM The effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG) on clinical and measurable change in glycemic control as seen by reduction of insulin resistance ie HOMA-IR levels in morbidly obese patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS All the patients with BMI ≥35 kg/m(2) with co morbidities and BMI ≥40 kg/m(2) even without co morbidities were included in the study. The period of the study was from Feb 2013 to Sep 2014. Fasting (FBS), post prandial blood sugar (PPBS) and Insulin levels were checked before the surgery, 1month and 3 month after the surgery. We also recorded BMI and diabetic status. HOMA-IR was calculated and trends were recorded. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 16.0. RESULTS Out of 28 patients 8 were males and 20 were females. The mean age was 43 yrs. 11 (39%) patients were diabetic and mean BMI was 44 kg/m(2) and a range of (35-61.3) kg/m(2). 11 patients had BMI > 45 kg/m(2). The HOMA-IR values decreased significantly after the surgery both in diabetics and non diabetics. CONCLUSION LSG results in improvement in glycemic control in both diabetics and non diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Gaur
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India.
| | - C S Naidu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - P P Rao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Sharma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - A K Singh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - V Trehan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - S V Kulkarni
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Nishant Pathak
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Singh
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - Balram Goyal
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
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Yadav RP, Kumar S, Kulkarni SV. Design of the 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz ultra-wideband 3 dB high power hybrid coupler for Ion Cyclotron Resonance Frequency (ICRF) heating in fusion grade reactor. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:014703. [PMID: 26827337 DOI: 10.1063/1.4939481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Design and developmental procedure of strip-line based 1.5 MW, 30-96 MHz, ultra-wideband high power 3 dB hybrid coupler has been presented and its applicability in ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) in tokamak is discussed. For the high power handling capability, spacing between conductors and ground need to very high. Hence other structural parameters like strip-width, strip thickness coupling gap, and junction also become large which can be gone upto optimum limit where various constrains like fabrication tolerance, discontinuities, and excitation of higher TE and TM modes become prominent and significantly deteriorates the desired parameters of the coupled lines system. In designed hybrid coupler, two 8.34 dB coupled lines are connected in tandem to get desired coupling of 3 dB and air is used as dielectric. The spacing between ground and conductors are taken as 0.164 m for 1.5 MW power handling capability. To have the desired spacing, each of 8.34 dB segments are designed with inner dimension of 3.6 × 1.0 × 40 cm where constraints have been significantly realized, compensated, and applied in designing of 1.5 MW hybrid coupler and presented in paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Pratap Yadav
- Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India and Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India and Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar 382428, India
| | - S V Kulkarni
- Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab 147004, India and Institute for Plasma Research, Gandhinagar 382428, India
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Kulkarni SV, Bala M, Bhattacharya J, Risbud A. Detection of mutations in mtrR gene in quinolone resistant strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolated from India. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 33:277-81. [PMID: 25865983 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.154878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Emergence of multi-drug resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae resulting from new genetic mutation is a serious threat in controlling gonorrhea. This study was undertaken to identify and characterise mutations in the mtrR genes in N.gonorrhoeae isolates resistant to six different antibiotics in the quinolone group. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of five quinolones for 64 N.gonorrhoeae isolates isolated during Jan 2007-Jun 2009 were determined by E-test method. Mutations in MtrR loci were examined by deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing. RESULTS The proportion of N.gonorrhoeae strains resistant to anti-microbials was 98.4% for norfloxacin and ofloxacin, 96.8% for enoxacin and ciprofloxacin, 95.3% for lomefloxacin. Thirty-one (48.4%) strains showed mutation (single/multiple) in mtrR gene. Ten different mutations were observed and Gly-45 → Asp, Tyr-105 → His being the most common observed mutation. CONCLUSION This is the first report from India on quinolone resistance mutations in MtrRCDE efflux system in N.gonorrhoeae. In conclusion, the high level of resistance to quinolone and single or multiple mutations in mtrR gene could limit the drug choices for gonorrhoea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kulkarni
- Department of Microbiology and Clinical Pathology, National AIDS Research Institute, Bhosari, Pune, Maharastra, India
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Sidhwa HH, Aiyar RP, Kulkarni SV. Electromagnetic cloaking in convex and concave media with surface modelled as a parameterised function. Opt Express 2015; 23:15641-15656. [PMID: 26193544 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.015641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The onset of transformation optics has opened avenues for designing of a plenitude of applications related to propagation of electromagnetic waves in anisotropic media. In this paper, an algorithm is proposed using a coordinate transformation and a piecewise function for the purpose of designing a three dimensional cloak having an arbitrary geometry which could be convex or non-convex in nature. The surfaces of the cloak as well as of the body under consideration are assumed to be conformal to each other. For an arbitrary geometry, the coordinate system needed to model the surface can be a non-orthogonal system. For the purpose of verification of the algorithm, a ray tracing process is carried out for an ellipsoid as well as for a concave surface having axial symmetry. In order to solve the Hamiltonian equation for the purpose of ray tracing, the process of finding the derivatives analytically, for an arbitrary geometry as considered here, becomes very cumbersome. Here, a numerical method is described which provides a better approximation to the partial derivatives than the conventional finite difference approach based on forward differences.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally tobacco epidemic kills nearly six million people annually. Consumption of tobacco products is on the rise in low- and middle-income countries. Tobacco is addictive; hence, tobacco users need support in quitting. AIMS Providing tobacco cessation services to women in community enabling them to quit tobacco, identifying factors associated with quitting and documenting the processes involved to establish a replicable "model tobacco cessation program." SETTINGS AND DESIGN This is a community based tobacco cessation program of one year duration conducted among women in a low socioeconomic area of Mumbai, India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS It involved three interventions conducted at three months interval, comprised of health education, games and counseling sessions and a post intervention follow-up. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Uni and multivariate analysis was performed to find out association of various factors with quitting tobacco. RESULTS The average compliance in three intervention rounds was 95.2%. The mean age at initiation of tobacco was 17.3 years. Tobacco use among family members and in the community was primary reasons for initiation and addiction to tobacco was an important factor for continuation, whereas health education and counseling seemed to be largely responsible for quitting. The quit rate at the end of the programme was 33.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that women in higher age groups and women consuming tobacco at multiple locations are less likely to quit tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Changing cultural norms associated with smokeless tobacco, strict implementation of antitobacco laws in the community and work places and providing cessation support are important measures in preventing initiation and continuation of tobacco use among women in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Mishra
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, E. Borges Marg, Parel, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yadav RP, Kumar S, Kulkarni SV. Design and development of ultra-wideband 3 dB hybrid coupler for Ion cyclotron resonance frequency heating in tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:044706. [PMID: 24784637 DOI: 10.1063/1.4870897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Design and development of a high power ultra-wideband, 3 dB tandem hybrid coupler is presented and its application in ICRF heating of the tokamak is discussed. In order to achieve the desired frequency band of 38-112 MHz and 200 kW power handling capability, the 3 dB hybrid coupler is developed using two 3-element 8.34 ± 0.2 dB coupled lines sections in tandem. In multi-element coupled lines, junctions are employed for the joining of coupled elements that produce the undesirable reactance called junction discontinuity effect. The effect becomes prominent in the high power multi-element coupled lines for high frequency (HF) and very high frequency(VHF) applications because of larger structural dimensions. Junction discontinuity effect significantly deteriorates coupling and output performance from the theoretical predictions. For the analysis of junction discontinuity effect and its compensation, a theoretical approach has been developed and generalized for n-element coupled lines section. The theory has been applied in the development of the 3 dB hybrid coupler. The fabricated hybrid coupler has been experimentally characterized using vector network analyzer and obtained results are found in good agreement with developed theory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382 428, India
| | - S V Kulkarni
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382 428, India
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Abstract
Khat chewing, though a tradition followed majorly in African countries, has of late spread widely across the globe due to faster transport systems and advanced preservation techniques. Many complications such as psychosis, arterial hypertension, angina pectoris, and myocardial infarction have been reported in connection to khat abuse. We present a case of a young man who presented with acute onset left-sided weakness. He was a known khat addict for over three decades. A diagnosis of left hemiplegia due to right middle cerebral artery infarction was established. Detailed evaluation revealed no significant underlying cause for stroke. Since the main central nervous system effects of khat are comparable with those of amphetamines and there are established reports of stroke in amphetamine abuse, the former was assumed to be the etiological factor. The patient was discontinued from taking khat and was managed conservatively. The subject showed significant recovery with no further complications or similar episodes during follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of stroke associated with khat. Since the management is essentially conservative, a vigilant history eliciting of khat abuse in prevalent countries would cut down unnecessary healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay V Kulkarni
- Department of Medicine, M S Ramaiah Medical Teaching Hospital, MSRIT Post, New BEL Road, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Kulkarni SV, Narayan A, Indumathi VA, Rao TS, Kempegowda P. Salmonella Paratyphi A in India - Changing trends in presentation and antibiotic susceptibility. Asian J Med Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Not only has the prevalence of enteric fever due to Salmonella paratyphi A increased over the last decade, there has also been a change in common presenting symptoms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern of these organisms. Knowledge of the existing epidemiology of the disease is essential for a rational approach to treat the same. Hence the present study was done to establish the existing epidemiology of enteric fever due to Salmonella paratyphi A-their common presenting symptoms and antibiotic sensitivity pattern- at our setting. Material & Methods: This prospective study was conducted in MS Ramaiah Hospitals, Bangalore between January 2008 and December 2008. Patients admitted to the hospital with clinical suspicion of enteric fever and whose blood culture grew paratyphi A were included in the study. Common presenting symptoms and signs were recorded in these patients and the sensitivity patterns of the causative organisms were studied. The difference in their response to Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone was studied. The analysis was done using the statistical software package-SPSS Version 16. The difference in the defervescence period was calculated by 2-way Independent two-sample t-test. Results: A total 32 patients were included in the study. Fever and hepatomegaly were the most common symptom and sign among the study subjects. All isolates were susceptible to commonly used antibiotics except for Nalidixic acid. The mean defervescence period was shorter in patients treated with Ceftriaxone as compared to those treated with Ciprofloxacin (p<0.002). Conclusion: We report a change in the presentation and antibiotic sensitivity of paratyphi A infection as compared to existing literature. Ceftriaxone is a better drug as choice as it has shorter defervescence time. Key Words: Salmonella paratyphi A; Ceftriaxone; Ciprofloxacin; Defervescence DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v2i1.3546 Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 14-17
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Kulkarni SV, Kairon R, Sane SS, Padmawar PS, Kale VA, Thakar MR, Mehendale SM, Risbud AR. Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression. Indian J Med Res 2009; 130:63-66. [PMID: 19700803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Enteric parasites are major cause of diarrhoea in HIV infected individuals. The present study was undertaken to detect enteric parasites in HIV infected patients with diarrhoea at different levels of immunity. METHODS The study was carried out at National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India, between March 2002 and March 2007 among consecutively enrolled 137 HIV infected patients presenting with diarrhoea. Stool samples were collected and examined for enteric parasites by microscopy and special staining methods. CD4 cell counts were estimated using the FACS count system. RESULTS Intestinal parasitic pathogens were detected in 35 per cent patients, and the major pathogens included Cryptosporidium parvum (12%) the most common followed by Isospora belli (8%), Entamoeba histolytica/Enatmoeba dispar (7%), Microsporidia (1%) and Cyclospora (0.7%). In HIV infected patients with CD4 count < 200 cells/microl, C. parvum was the most commonly observed (54%) pathogen. Proportion of opportunistic pathogens in patients with CD4 count <200 cells/microl was significantly higher as compared with other two groups of patients with CD4 count >200-499 and >or= 500 cells/microl (P=0.001, P=0.016) respectively. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION Parasitic infections were detected in 35 per cent HIV infected patients and low CD4 count was significantly associated with opportunistic infection. Detection of aetiologic pathogens might help clinicians decide appropriate management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Kulkarni
- Department of Microbiology, National AIDS Research Institute, (ICMR), Pune, India.
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Shukla BK, Sathyanarayana K, Bora D, Kulkarni SV, Gangopadhyay S, Srinivas YSS, Khilar PL, Kushwah M, Trivedi RG, Rajashree S, Pal B, Bhardwaj A, Rathi D, Kadia BR, Patel A, Virani C, Patel H, Jadav HM, Parmar KG, Shah P, Makwana AR, Dani S, Kirit P, Harsha M, Soni J. Commissioning of the 28-GHz Electron Cyclotron Resonance Heating System on ADITYA Tokamak. Fusion Science and Technology 2006. [DOI: 10.13182/fst06-a1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Shukla
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | | | - D. Bora
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | | | | | | | - P. L. Khilar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Mahesh Kushwah
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - R. G. Trivedi
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - S. Rajashree
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Barnali Pal
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Anil Bhardwaj
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - D. Rathi
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - B. R. Kadia
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Ashish Patel
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Chetan Virani
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Harsida Patel
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - H. M. Jadav
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - K. G. Parmar
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - P. Shah
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - A. R. Makwana
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - Sunil Dani
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - P. Kirit
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - M. Harsha
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
| | - J. Soni
- Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar-382 428, India
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Iyer YS, Kulkarni SV, Gupte SC. Distribution of IgG subtypes in maternal anti-D sera and their prognostic value in Rh haemolytic disease of the new-born. Acta Haematol 1992; 88:78-81. [PMID: 1466203 DOI: 10.1159/000204656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In 107 Rh(D)-immunized women having Rh(D)-positive pregnancy screening for IgG subtypes was carried out between the 34th and 36th week of gestation. Using polyclonal IgG subtype-specific reagents, all four IgG subclasses were detected in anti-D sera though IgG1 and IgG3 were the most predominant classes. IgG3 anti-D was usually low titre. At the same level of Rh(D) antibody titre, haemolytic disease of the new-born was more severe when anti-D was IgG1 type than IgG3 type. When the IgG1 and IgG3 anti-D subtypes existed together, the risk of having a stillborn child was very high compared to other subtypes (IgG1 + IgG3 34.8%, IgG1 19.2% and IgG3 15.4%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Iyer
- Institute of Immunohaematology, KEM Hospital Campus, Bombay, India
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Kulkarni SV, Merchant RH, Gupte SC, Divekar RM. Clinical significance of serum and cerebro spinal fluid bilirubin indices in neonatal jaundice. Indian Pediatr 1989; 26:1202-8. [PMID: 2638322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
To assess the value of unbound bilirubin (UB) and saturation index (SI) in serum and CSF as indicators of Kernicterus, we studied 50 icteric neonates (serum indirect bilibrubin (IB) greater than or equal to 7 mg/dl) and 20 controls (IB less than 7 mg/dl) during the first week of life. Serum and CSF were obtained simultaneously in all neonates. Of 36 neonates with IB greater than 12 mg/dl 19 had evidence of kernicterus. UB was estimated by Sephadex gel filtration and SI by salicylate displacement technique. Positive correlation (r = +0.85) was obtained between serum and CSF UB levels. There was a significant difference (p less than 0.05) between mean serum and CSF UB levels in kernicterus and non-kernicterus neonates (kernicterus serum UB = 0.71 +/- 0.22) mg/dl, CSF UB = 0.16 +/- 0.06 mg/dl: non-kernicteric serum UB = 0.40 +/- 0.10 mg/dl, CSF UB = 0.10 +/- 0.03 mg/dl). A critical serum UB level 0.5 mg/dl and a danger zone of CSF UB (0.1 to 0.15 mg/dl) was observed in presence of kernicterus. Neonates with kernicterus and 30% non-kernicteric had serum SI greater than or equal to 8. Mean values of serum and CSF SI were comparable in all neonates. The serum and CSF UB and SI, and the mean percentage cross over of UB from serum to CSF when statistically compared were not significantly influenced by risk factors.
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Kulkarni SV, Gupte SC, Bhatia HM. Efficacy of prophylactic anti-D immunoglobin injections. Indian J Med Res 1987; 85:181-3. [PMID: 3036695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Sengupta SR, Kulkarni SV, Jahagirdar VL. Correlation of phage typing, penicillinase production and antibiotic resistance in staphylococci. Indian J Med Res 1982; 76:120-6. [PMID: 6217156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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Kulkarni SV, Chaphekar PM. Tumours of the urinary bladder. Indian J Cancer 1974; 11:151-61. [PMID: 4435821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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