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Howell SJ, Lee CA, Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Taylor BE, Taylor ZRR, Barber KG, Taylor PR. Inhibition of CD40-TRAF6-dependent inflammatory activity halts the onset of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin-diabetic mice. Nutr Diabetes 2022; 12:46. [PMID: 36309487 PMCID: PMC9617859 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-022-00225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes initiates inflammation that can impair the retinal vasculature, and lead to diabetic retinopathy; one of the leading causes of blindness. Inflammatory pathways have been examined as potential therapeutic targets for diabetic retinopathy, but there is still a need for early-stage treatments. We hypothesized that the CD40-TNF Receptor Associated Factor 6 (TRAF6) axis plays a pivotal role in the onset of diabetic retinopathy, and that the CD40-TRAF6 axis would be a prime therapeutic target for early-stage non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The CD40-TRAF6 complex can initiate NFκB activation, inflammation, and tissue damage. Further, CD40 and TRAF6 are constitutively expressed on Muller glia, and upregulated in the diabetic retina. Yet the role of the CD40-TRAF6 complex in the onset of diabetic retinopathy is still unclear. In the current study, we examined the CD40-TRAF6 axis in diabetic retinopathy using a small molecule inhibitor (SMI-6877002) on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. When CD40-TRAF6-dependent inflammation was inhibited, retinal vascular leakage and capillary degeneration was ameliorated in diabetic mice. Collectively, these data suggest that the CD40-TRAF6 axis plays a pivotal role in the onset of diabetic retinopathy, and could be a novel therapeutic target for early diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Howell
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA ,grid.410349.b0000 0004 5912 6484Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Chieh A. Lee
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Thomas E. Zapadka
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA ,grid.410349.b0000 0004 5912 6484Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Sarah I. Lindstrom
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Brooklyn E. Taylor
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Zakary R. R. Taylor
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA
| | - Katherine G. Barber
- grid.410349.b0000 0004 5912 6484Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Patricia R. Taylor
- grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, USA ,grid.410349.b0000 0004 5912 6484Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH USA ,grid.67105.350000 0001 2164 3847Present Address: Department of Ophthalmology, Case Western Reserve University, Institute of Pathology, 2085 Adelbert Rd., Room 101, Cleveland, OH USA
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Howell SJ, Lee CA, Batoki JC, Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Taylor BE, Taylor PR. Retinal Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Vascular Impairment Is Ablated in Diabetic Mice Receiving XMD8-92 Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732630. [PMID: 34456740 PMCID: PMC8385489 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The global number of diabetics continues to rise annually. As diabetes progresses, almost all of Type I and more than half of Type II diabetics develop diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy is a microvascular disease of the retina, and is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. With such a significant health impact, new drugs are required to halt the blinding threat posed by this visual disorder. The cause of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial, and an optimal therapeutic would halt inflammation, cease photoreceptor cell dysfunction, and ablate vascular impairment. XMD8-92 is a small molecule inhibitor that blocks inflammatory activity downstream of ERK5 (extracellular signal-related kinase 5) and BRD4 (bromodomain 4). ERK5 elicits inflammation, is increased in Type II diabetics, and plays a pathologic role in diabetic nephropathy, while BRD4 induces retinal inflammation and plays a role in retinal degeneration. Further, we provide evidence that suggests both pERK5 and BRD4 expression are increased in the retinas of our STZ (streptozotocin)-induced diabetic mice. Taken together, we hypothesized that XMD8-92 would be a good therapeutic candidate for diabetic retinopathy, and tested XMD8-92 in a murine model of diabetic retinopathy. In the current study, we developed an in vivo treatment regimen by administering one 100 μL subcutaneous injection of saline containing 20 μM of XMD8-92 weekly, to STZ-induced diabetic mice. XMD8-92 treatments significantly decreased diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, VEGF production, and oxidative stress. Further, XMD8-92 halted the degradation of ZO-1 (zonula occludens-1), which is a tight junction protein associated with vascular permeability in the retina. Finally, XMD8-92 treatment ablated diabetes-mediated vascular leakage and capillary degeneration, which are the clinical hallmarks of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Taken together, this study provides strong evidence that XMD8-92 could be a potentially novel therapeutic for diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J. Howell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chieh A. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Julia C. Batoki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas E. Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sarah I. Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brooklyn E. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Patricia R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, VA Northeast Ohio Healthcare System, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Batoki JC, Lee CA, Taylor BE, Howell SJ, Taylor PR. Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Agonist VAF347 Impedes Retinal Pathogenesis in Diabetic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4335. [PMID: 33919327 PMCID: PMC8122442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Although the cause of diabetic retinopathy is multifactorial, IL-17A is a prevalent inflammatory cytokine involved in the promotion of diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation and the progression of diabetic retinopathy. The primary source of IL-17A is Th17 cells, which are T helper cells that have been differentiated by dendritic cells in a proinflammatory cytokine environment. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that can manipulate dendritic cell maturation, halt the production of IL-6 (a proinflammatory cytokine), and suppress Th17 cell differentiation. In the current study, we examined the efficacy of an AhR agonist, VAF347, as a potential therapeutic for the onset of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. We determined that diabetes-mediated leukostasis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the retina of STZ-diabetic mice were all significantly lower when treated with the AhR agonist VAF347. Furthermore, when VAF347 was subcutaneously injected into STZ-diabetic mice, retinal capillary degeneration was ameliorated, which is the hallmark of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in this diabetes murine model. Collectively, these findings provide evidence that the AhR agonist VAF347 could be a potentially novel therapeutic for non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah I. Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Julia C. Batoki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Chieh A. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Brooklyn E. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Scott J. Howell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Patricia R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (J.C.B.); (C.A.L.); (B.E.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Taylor BE, Lee CA, Tang J, Taylor ZRR, Howell SJ, Taylor PR. RORγt Inhibitor-SR1001 Halts Retinal Inflammation, Capillary Degeneration, and the Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3547. [PMID: 32429598 PMCID: PMC7279039 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetes-mediated retinal microvascular disease that is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-17A is an inflammatory cytokine that has been previously shown to play a pivotal role in the promotion and progression of diabetic retinopathy. Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gammaT (RORγt) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that mediates IL-17A production. However, the role of RORγt in diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation and capillary degeneration, as well as its potential therapeutic attributes for diabetic retinopathy has not yet been determined. In the current study, we examined retinal inflammation and vascular pathology in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. We found RORγt expressing cells in the retinal vasculature of diabetic mice. Further, diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and retinal endothelial cell death were all significantly lower in RORγt-/- mice. Finally, when a RORγt small molecule inhibitor (SR1001) was subcutaneously injected into diabetic mice, retinal inflammation and capillary degeneration were ameliorated. These findings establish a pathologic role for RORγt in the onset of diabetic retinopathy and identify a potentially novel therapeutic for this blinding disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Capillaries/drug effects
- Capillaries/pathology
- Cell Death/genetics
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/chemically induced
- Diabetic Retinopathy/drug therapy
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Drug Inverse Agonism
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Hyperglycemia/blood
- Hyperglycemia/genetics
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interleukin-17/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 3/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/genetics
- Retinal Vessels/drug effects
- Retinal Vessels/metabolism
- Retinal Vessels/pathology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfonamides/therapeutic use
- Thiazoles/pharmacology
- Thiazoles/therapeutic use
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E. Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
| | - Sarah I. Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Brooklyn E. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Chieh A. Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Zakary R. R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Scott J. Howell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
| | - Patricia R. Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; (T.E.Z.); (S.I.L.); (B.E.T.); (C.A.L.); (J.T.); (Z.R.R.T.); (S.J.H.)
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Liu H, Lessieur EM, Saadane A, Lindstrom SI, Taylor PR, Kern TS. Neutrophil elastase contributes to the pathological vascular permeability characteristic of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetologia 2019; 62:2365-2374. [PMID: 31612267 PMCID: PMC6866660 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-04998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Levels of neutrophil elastase, a serine protease secreted by neutrophils, are elevated in diabetes. The purpose of this study was to determine whether neutrophil elastase (NE) contributes to the diabetes-induced increase in retinal vascular permeability in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, and, if so, to investigate the potential role of IL-17 in this process. METHODS In vivo, diabetes was induced in neutrophil elastase-deficient (Elane-/-), Il-17a-/- and wild-type mice. After 8 months of diabetes, Elane-/- mice and wild-type age-matched control mice were injected with FITC-BSA. Fluorescence microscopy was used to assess leakage of FITC-BSA from the retinal vasculature into the neural retina. The level of NE in Il-17a-/- diabetic retina and sera were determined by ELISA. In vitro, the effect of NE on the permeability and viability of human retinal endothelial cells and the expression of junction proteins and adhesion molecules were studied. RESULTS Eight months of diabetes resulted in increased retinal vascular permeability and levels of NE in retina and plasma of wild-type animals. All of these abnormalities were significantly inhibited in mice lacking the elastase. The diabetes-induced increase in NE was inhibited in mice lacking IL-17. In vitro, NE increased retinal endothelial cell permeability, which was partially inhibited by a myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MyD88) inhibitor, NF-κB inhibitor, and protease-activated receptor (PAR)2 inhibitor. NE degraded vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cadherin) in a concentration-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION IL-17 regulates NE expression in diabetes. NE contributes to vascular leakage in diabetic retinopathy, partially through activation of MyD88, NF-κB and PAR2 and degradation of VE-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Liu
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, People's Republic of China
| | - Emma M Lessieur
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, 829 Health Sciences Rd. Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Room 2107, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Aicha Saadane
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, 829 Health Sciences Rd. Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Room 2107, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Sarah I Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Patricia R Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service 151, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, 829 Health Sciences Rd. Gillespie Neuroscience Research Facility, Room 2107, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
- Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service 151, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Veterans Administration Medical Center Research Service, Long Beach, CA, USA.
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Lindstrom SI, Sigurdardottir S, Zapadka TE, Tang J, Liu H, Taylor BE, Smith DG, Lee CA, DeAngelis J, Kern TS, Taylor PR. Diabetes induces IL-17A-Act1-FADD-dependent retinal endothelial cell death and capillary degeneration. J Diabetes Complications 2019; 33:668-674. [PMID: 31239234 PMCID: PMC6690768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diabetes leads to progressive complications such as diabetic retinopathy, which is the leading cause of blindness within the working-age population worldwide. Interleukin (IL)-17A is a cytokine that promotes and progresses diabetes. The objective of this study was to determine the role of IL-17A in retinal capillary degeneration, and to identify the mechanism that induces retinal endothelial cell death. These are clinically meaningful abnormalities that characterize early-stage non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS Retinal capillary degeneration was examined in vivo using the streptozotocin (STZ) diabetes murine model. Diabetic-hyperglycemia was sustained for an 8-month period in wild type (C57BL/6) and IL-17A-/- mice to elucidate the role of IL-17A in retinal capillary degeneration. Further, ex vivo studies were performed in retinal endothelial cells to identify the IL-17A-dependent mechanism that induces cell death. RESULTS It was determined that diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration was significantly lower in IL-17A-/- mice. Further, retinal endothelial cell death occurred through an IL-17A/IL-17R ➔ Act1/FADD signaling cascade, which caused caspase-mediated apoptosis. CONCLUSION These are the first findings that establish a pathologic role for IL-17A in retinal capillary degeneration. Further, a novel IL-17A-dependent apoptotic mechanism was discovered, which identifies potential therapeutic targets for the early onset of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah I Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sigrun Sigurdardottir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Thomas E Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Brooklyn E Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Dawn G Smith
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Chieh A Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - John DeAngelis
- James E. Van Zandt VA Medical Center, Altoona, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Patricia R Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States of America; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States of America.
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Sigurdardottir S, Zapadka TE, Lindstrom SI, Liu H, Taylor BE, Lee CA, Kern TS, Taylor PR. Diabetes-mediated IL-17A enhances retinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular permeability. Cell Immunol 2019; 341:103921. [PMID: 31076079 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a prevailing diabetes complication, and one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. IL-17A is a cytokine involved in the onset of diabetic complications. In the current study, we examined the role of IL-17A in the development of retinal inflammation and long-term vascular pathology in diabetic mice. We found IL-17A expressing T cells and neutrophils in the retinal vasculature. Further, the IL-17A receptor was expressed on Muller glia, retinal endothelial cells, and photoreceptors. Finally, diabetes-mediated retinal inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular leakage were all significantly lower in IL-17A-/- mice. These are all clinically meaningful abnormalities that characterize the onset of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrun Sigurdardottir
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas E Zapadka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Sarah I Lindstrom
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Brooklyn E Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Chieh A Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Timothy S Kern
- Department of Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Patricia R Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; Louis Stokes VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, United States.
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