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Gierer F, Vaughan S, Slater M, Elmore JS, Girling RD. Residue dynamics of a contact and a systemic fungicide in pollen, nectar, and other plant matrices of courgette (Cucurbita pepo L.). Environ Pollut 2024; 342:122931. [PMID: 38006995 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Pollen and nectar can be contaminated with a range of pesticides, including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Since these matrices are important food sources for pollinators and other beneficial insects, their contamination can represent a key route of exposure. However, limited knowledge exists with respect to pesticide residue levels and their dynamics in these matrices for many crops and active ingredients (AIs). We used controlled glasshouse studies to investigate the residue dynamics of a systemic (cyprodinil) and a contact (fludioxonil) fungicide in the floral matrices and other plant parts of courgette/zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.). We aimed to better understand the processes behind residue accumulation and decline in pollen and nectar. Each AI was applied to plants, either by spraying whole plants or by targeted spraying onto leaves only. Samples of pollen, nectar, anthers, flowers, and leaves were taken on the day of application and each subsequent morning for up to 13 days and analysed for residues using LC-MS/MS. Significant differences in residue levels and dynamics were found between AIs and floral matrices. The present study allowed for the identification of potential routes by which residues translocate between tissues and to link those to the physicochemical properties of each AI, which may facilitate the prediction of residue levels in pollen and nectar. Residues of the contact AI declined more quickly than those of the systemic AI in pollen and nectar. Our results further suggest that the risk of oral exposure for pollinators may be considerably reduced by using contact AIs during the green bud stage of plants, but application of systemic compounds could still result in a low, but continuous long-term exposure for pollinators with limited decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gierer
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK.
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Mark Slater
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - J Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Robbie D Girling
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Centre for Sustainable Agricultural Systems, Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, 4350, Australia
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Misra DP, Giurgescu C, Caldwell CH, Song P, Hu M, Adaji R, Vaughan S. Fathers Matter: Black Fathers' Relationships with their Partners during Pregnancy and Postpartum. MCN Am J Matern Child Nurs 2023; 48:295-302. [PMID: 37589959 PMCID: PMC10623111 DOI: 10.1097/nmc.0000000000000953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the characteristics of participants in the Fathers Matter study for a better understanding of fathers of the baby who engage in pregnancy research involving primarily Black couples and their relationships with their partners. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The Fathers Matter Study uses a prospective design, identifying father-mother dyads during pregnancy and following them until birth as part of the Biosocial Impacts on Black Births Study. Participants completed prenatal and postpartum questionnaires. RESULTS Our analyses are based on 111 fathers. Nearly all ( n = 101, 91.1%) of fathers identified as Black and 51.4% ( n = 57) had a high school diploma, graduate equivalency diploma, or higher. About half ( n = 57, 51.4%) reported annual incomes of $10,000 or less. Most reported that relationships with the mother were very close both before ( n = 100, 89.9%) and during ( n = 85, 76.6%) pregnancy. However, substantial variability was found in relationship satisfaction, involvement in the pregnancy, financial support provided, and scales of conflict and support. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS We found homogeneity in sociodemographic and basic relationship measures. Complex measures of the father-mother relationships demonstrated considerable variability. Data from fathers may identify their contributions to successful birth outcomes. Understanding relationships between fathers and mothers could identify risk or protective characteristics to be addressed at the family or community levels.
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Baliga BS, Tillman JB, Olson B, Vaughan S, Sheikh FN, Malone JK. First Real-World Experience With Bigfoot Unity: A 6-Month Retrospective Analysis. Clin Diabetes 2023; 41:539-548. [PMID: 37849519 PMCID: PMC10577513 DOI: 10.2337/cd22-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
The Bigfoot Unity Diabetes Management System, a smart pen cap system cleared by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in May 2021, incorporates continuous glucose monitoring data, real-time glycemic alerts, and clinician-directed dose recommendations. This study analyzed real-world clinical outcomes data for an initial cohort (n = 58, from 13 clinics) managing multiple daily injection insulin therapy using the pen cap system for 6 months. We examined glycemic control, including hypoglycemia events and interaction with and use of the pen cap system. In a cohort mainly consisting of adults with type 2 diabetes and an average age of 62 years, the results demonstrate close adherence to established glycemic targets, including a relatively short amount of time spent in the hypoglycemic range.
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Spain L, Coulton A, Lobon I, Rowan A, Schnidrig D, Shepherd ST, Shum B, Byrne F, Goicoechea M, Piperni E, Au L, Edmonds K, Carlyle E, Hunter N, Renn A, Messiou C, Hughes P, Nobbs J, Foijer F, van den Bos H, Wardenaar R, Spierings DC, Spencer C, Schmitt AM, Tippu Z, Lingard K, Grostate L, Peat K, Kelly K, Sarker S, Vaughan S, Mangwende M, Terry L, Kelly D, Biano J, Murra A, Korteweg J, Lewis C, O'Flaherty M, Cattin AL, Emmerich M, Gerard CL, Pallikonda HA, Lynch J, Mason R, Rogiers A, Xu H, Huebner A, McGranahan N, Al Bakir M, Murai J, Naceur-Lombardelli C, Borg E, Mitchison M, Moore DA, Falzon M, Proctor I, Stamp GW, Nye EL, Young K, Furness AJ, Pickering L, Stewart R, Mahadeva U, Green A, Larkin J, Litchfield K, Swanton C, Jamal-Hanjani M, Turajlic S. Late-Stage Metastatic Melanoma Emerges through a Diversity of Evolutionary Pathways. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1364-1385. [PMID: 36977461 PMCID: PMC10236155 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the evolutionary pathways to metastasis and resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in melanoma is critical for improving outcomes. Here, we present the most comprehensive intrapatient metastatic melanoma dataset assembled to date as part of the Posthumous Evaluation of Advanced Cancer Environment (PEACE) research autopsy program, including 222 exome sequencing, 493 panel-sequenced, 161 RNA sequencing, and 22 single-cell whole-genome sequencing samples from 14 ICI-treated patients. We observed frequent whole-genome doubling and widespread loss of heterozygosity, often involving antigen-presentation machinery. We found KIT extrachromosomal DNA may have contributed to the lack of response to KIT inhibitors of a KIT-driven melanoma. At the lesion-level, MYC amplifications were enriched in ICI nonresponders. Single-cell sequencing revealed polyclonal seeding of metastases originating from clones with different ploidy in one patient. Finally, we observed that brain metastases that diverged early in molecular evolution emerge late in disease. Overall, our study illustrates the diverse evolutionary landscape of advanced melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE Despite treatment advances, melanoma remains a deadly disease at stage IV. Through research autopsy and dense sampling of metastases combined with extensive multiomic profiling, our study elucidates the many mechanisms that melanomas use to evade treatment and the immune system, whether through mutations, widespread copy-number alterations, or extrachromosomal DNA. See related commentary by Shain, p. 1294. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1275.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Spain
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexander Coulton
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Lobon
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Rowan
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Desiree Schnidrig
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Scott T.C. Shepherd
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Shum
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Byrne
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Goicoechea
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisa Piperni
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lewis Au
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Edmonds
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Nikki Hunter
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Christina Messiou
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Kensington and Chelsea, United Kingdom
| | - Peta Hughes
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaime Nobbs
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hilda van den Bos
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rene Wardenaar
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C.J. Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte Spencer
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Zayd Tippu
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Kema Peat
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sarah Sarker
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lauren Terry
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Denise Kelly
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Aida Murra
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Anne-Laure Cattin
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Max Emmerich
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- St. John's Institute of Dermatology, Guy's and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Camille L. Gerard
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Precision Oncology Center, Oncology Department, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Joanna Lynch
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Mason
- Gold Coast University Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aljosja Rogiers
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hang Xu
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ariana Huebner
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas McGranahan
- Cancer Genome Evolution Research Group, Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maise Al Bakir
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Murai
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Drug Discovery Technology Laboratories, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Elaine Borg
- University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - David A. Moore
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Falzon
- University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Proctor
- University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Emma L. Nye
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Young
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J.S. Furness
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Kensington and Chelsea, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ruby Stewart
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ula Mahadeva
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Green
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - James Larkin
- Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Litchfield
- Tumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance (TIGI) Lab, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles Swanton
- Cancer Evolution and Genome Instability Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Samra Turajlic
- Cancer Dynamics Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
- Skin and Renal Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
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Hyer S, Vaughan S, Davis JW, Xie R, Misra D, Giurgescu C. The Association of Avoidance Coping with Gestational Weight Gain among Pregnant Black Women. West J Nurs Res 2023; 45:226-233. [PMID: 36196018 PMCID: PMC10165848 DOI: 10.1177/01939459221127800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Gestational weight gain (GWG) outside recommended parameters can lead to pregnancy or birth complications. Avoidance coping may influence GWG. We examined the association of avoidance coping with GWG among a sample of 112 pregnant Black women in the Midwest. Participants completed avoidance coping questionnaires at three time points throughout pregnancy. Data were abstracted from medical records for BMI and GWG. Overall, 23.2% gained inadequate weight, 30.4% adequate weight, and 46.4% excess weight. Multinomial logistic regression models indicated associations between avoidance coping and GWG adjusted for covariates. Participants with higher avoidance coping scores at 22-29 weeks' gestation were more likely to experience excess weight gain (odds ratio [OR] = 1.19, 95% CI [1.02, 1.37]). Participants with higher avoidance coping scores at 30-36 weeks' gestation were less likely to experience excess weight gain, (OR = 0.82, 95% CI [0.72, 0.93]). The impact of higher avoidance coping on excess weight gain depends on the time period in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Hyer
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jean W Davis
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Rui Xie
- Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Misra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carmen Giurgescu
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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Vaughan S, Sankari A, Carroll S, Eshraghi M, Obiakor H, Yarandi H, Chowdhuri S, Salloum A, Badr MS. Tetraplegia is associated with increased hypoxic ventilatory response during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15455. [PMID: 36065854 PMCID: PMC9446393 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
People with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) are likely to experience chronic intermittent hypoxia while sleeping. The physiological effects of intermittent hypoxia on the respiratory system during spontaneous sleep in individuals with chronic cervical SCI are unknown. We hypothesized that individuals with cervical SCI would demonstrate higher short- and long-term ventilatory responses to acute intermittent hypoxia (AIH) exposure than individuals with thoracic SCI during sleep. Twenty participants (10 with cervical SCI [9 male] and 10 with thoracic SCI [6 male]) underwent an AIH and sham protocol during sleep. During the AIH protocol, each participant experienced 15 episodes of isocapnic hypoxia using mixed gases of 100% nitrogen (N2 ) and 40% carbon dioxide (CO2 ) to achieve an oxygen saturation of less than 90%. This was followed by two breaths of 100% oxygen (O2 ). Measurements were collected before, during, and 40 min after the AIH protocol to obtain ventilatory data. During the sham protocol, participants breathed room air for the same amount of time that elapsed during the AIH protocol and at approximately the same time of night. Hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) during the AIH protocol was significantly higher in participants with cervical SCI than those with thoracic SCI. There was no significant difference in minute ventilation (V.E. ), tidal volume (V.T. ), or respiratory frequency (f) during the recovery period after AIH in cervical SCI compared to thoracic SCI groups. Individuals with cervical SCI demonstrated a significant short-term increase in HVR compared to thoracic SCI. However, there was no evidence of ventilatory long-term facilitation following AIH in either group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vaughan
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Medical EducationAscension Providence HospitalSouthfieldMichiganUSA
| | - Sean Carroll
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Mehdi Eshraghi
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Harold Obiakor
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Hossein Yarandi
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Susmita Chowdhuri
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - Anan Salloum
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
| | - M. Safwan Badr
- Department of MedicineJohn D. Dingell VA Medical CenterDetroitMichiganUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineWayne State UniversityDetroitMichiganUSA
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Thompson H, Vaughan S, Mahlein A, Ladewig E, Kenter C. Is there a risk to honeybees from use of thiamethoxam as a sugar beet seed treatment? Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022; 18:709-721. [PMID: 34292667 PMCID: PMC9290588 DOI: 10.1002/ieam.4498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ban imposed by the European Union on the use of neonicotinoids as sugar beet seed treatments was based on the exposure of bees to residues of neonicotinoids in pollen and nectar of succeeding crops. To address this concern, residues of thiamethoxam (TMX) and clothianidin (CTD) were analyzed in soil collected from fields planted in at least the previous year with thiamethoxam-treated sugar beet seed. This soil monitoring program was conducted at 94 sites across Germany in two separate years. In addition, a succeeding crop study assessed residues in soil, guttation fluid, pollen, and nectar sampled from untreated succeeding crops planted in the season after thiamethoxam seed-treated sugar beet at eight field sites across five countries. The overall mean residues observed in soil monitoring were 8.0 ± 0.5 µg TMX + CTD/kg in the season after the use of treated sugar beet seed. Residue values decreased with increasing time interval between the latest thiamethoxam or clothianidin application before sugar beet drilling and with lower application frequency. Residues were detected in guttation fluid (2.0-37.7 µg TMX/L); however, the risk to pollinators from this route of exposure is likely to be low, based on the reported levels of consumption. Residues of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in pollen and nectar sampled from the succeeding crops were detected at or below the limit of quantification (0.5-1 µg a.i./kg) in 86.7% of pollen and 98.6% of nectar samples and, unlike guttation fluid residues, were not correlated with measured soil residues. Residues in pollen and nectar are lower than reported sublethal adverse effect concentrations in studies with honeybee and bumble bee individuals and colonies fed only thiamethoxam-treated sucrose, and are lower than those reported to result in no effects in honeybees, bumble bees, and solitary bees foraging on seed-treated crops. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:709-721. © 2021 SYNGENTA. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thompson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research StationBerkshireUK
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research StationBerkshireUK
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Giurgescu C, Wong AC, Rengers B, Vaughan S, Nowak AL, Price M, Dailey RK, Anderson CM, Walker DS, Misra DP. Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms among Pregnant Black Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic. West J Nurs Res 2022; 44:23-30. [PMID: 34549653 PMCID: PMC10493043 DOI: 10.1177/01939459211043937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We explored the associations among perceived stress, depressive symptoms, loneliness, and social support during the COVID-19 pandemic; and differences in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and social support prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic among pregnant Black women. A sample of 33 pregnant Black women who participated in the Biosocial Impact on Black Births (BIBB) and were still pregnant in May-June 2020 were invited to complete an online survey about their experiences during the pandemic. Fifteen women responded very much or somewhat to experiencing stress and anxiety because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Eight women had CES-D scores ≥23, which have been correlated with depression diagnosis. Women who reported higher levels of loneliness during the COVID-19 pandemic also reported higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms and lower levels of social support during the pandemic. Women who reported lower levels of social support during the pandemic also reported higher levels of perceived stress and depressive symptoms during the pandemic. There were no changes in perceived stress, depressive symptoms, or social support prior to the pandemic and during the pandemic. Clinicians should assess for signs of loneliness and depressive symptoms for pregnant women and offer recommendations for therapy and support groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Giurgescu
- College of Nursing, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Brooke Rengers
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Mercedes Price
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rhonda K Dailey
- School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit MI, USA
| | - Cindy M Anderson
- College of Nursing, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Dawn P Misra
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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Smith G, Barnes K, Vaughan S. Guest editorial. OMJ 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/omj-11-2021-968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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10
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Prowting J, Maresh S, Vaughan S, Kruppe E, Alsabri B, Badr MS, Sankari A. Mirtazapine reduces susceptibility to hypocapnic central sleep apnea in males with sleep-disordered breathing: a pilot study. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 131:414-423. [PMID: 34080920 PMCID: PMC8325612 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00838.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in humans and animal models with spinal cord injury (SCI) have demonstrated that medications targeting serotonin receptors may decrease the susceptibility to central sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). We hypothesized that mirtazapine would decrease the propensity to develop hypocapnic central sleep apnea (CSA) during sleep. We performed a single-blind pilot study on a total of 10 men with SDB (7 with chronic SCI and 3 noninjured) aged 52.0 ± 11.2 yr. Participants were randomly assigned to either mirtazapine (15 mg at bedtime) or a placebo for at least 1 wk, followed by a 7-day washout period before crossing over to the other intervention. Split-night studies included polysomnography and induction of hypocapnic CSA using a noninvasive ventilation (NIV) protocol. The primary outcome was CO2 reserve, defined as the difference between eupneic and end of NIV end-tidal CO2 ([Formula: see text]) preceding induced hypocapneic CSA. Secondary outcomes included controller gain (CG), other ventilatory parameters, and SDB severity. CG was defined as the ratio of change in minute ventilation (V̇e) between control and hypopnea to the change in CO2 during sleep. CO2 reserve was significantly widened on mirtazapine than placebo (-3.8 ± 1.2 vs. -2.0 ± 1.5 mmHg; P = 0.015). CG was significantly decreased on mirtazapine compared with placebo [2.2 ± 0.7 vs. 3.5 ± 1.9 L/(mmHg × min); P = 0.023]. There were no significant differences for other ventilatory parameters assessed or SDB severity between mirtazapine and placebo trials. These findings suggest that the administration of mirtazapine can decrease the susceptibility to central apnea by reducing chemosensitivity and increasing CO2 reserve; however, considering the lack of changes in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), further research is required to understand the significance of this finding.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To our knowledge, this research study is novel as it is the first study in humans assessing the effect of mirtazapine on CO2 reserve and chemosensitivity in individuals with severe sleep-disordered breathing. This is also the first study to determine the potential therapeutic effects of mirtazapine on sleep parameters in individuals with a spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Prowting
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Scott Maresh
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Elizabeth Kruppe
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Bander Alsabri
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - M. Safwan Badr
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- 1Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan,2Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan,3Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan
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11
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Huddy JR, Freeman Z, Vaughan S, Tilney HS. Challenge of maintaining the initial benefits of a 'cold' elective surgical unit established during the first COVID-19 peak. Br J Surg 2021; 108:e194-e195. [PMID: 33619551 PMCID: PMC7989569 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J R Huddy
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Frimley Park Hospital, Camberley, UK
| | - Z Freeman
- Department of General Surgery, Frimley Park Hospital, Camberley, UK
| | - S Vaughan
- Department of General Surgery, Frimley Park Hospital, Camberley, UK
| | - H S Tilney
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Frimley Park Hospital, Camberley, UK
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12
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O'Connor C, Vaughan S. Does selectively endorsing different approaches to treating mental illness affect lay beliefs about the cause and course of mental illness? Psychiatry Res 2021; 297:113726. [PMID: 33486271 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The current paper reports three experimental studies that investigate how selectively emphasising different treatment approaches (biological, psychological or social) for mental health difficulties affects lay beliefs about those illnesses. Online experimental vignettes exposed participants to different treatment narratives for a clinical case of Major Depressive Disorder (Study 1; n=164), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (Study 2; n=173) and Schizophrenia (Study 3, n=170). Measures of causal attributions and illness perceptions assessed effects on beliefs about the causes and course of the illness. Emphasising psychological treatment of Major Depressive Disorder promoted more causal attributions to personal weakness, while endorsing biological treatment weakened confidence in individual control over the course of the illness. For Generalized Anxiety Disorder, stressing social treatment encouraged more causal attributions to personal weakness and lifestyle factors. Causal attributions for Schizophrenia did not shift according to treatment modality, but highlighting biological treatment made the symptoms appear more treatable, while emphasising psychological treatment made the illness seem more personally controllable. As lay understandings of the causes and course of mental illness have implications for help-seeking, treatment engagement and stigma, effects on illness beliefs may be an important consideration when endorsing a particular treatment approach in public discourse or clinical communication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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13
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Maresh S, Prowting J, Vaughan S, Yarandi H, Badr MS, Sankari A. Does buspirone ameliorate the susceptibility to central sleep apnea? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:758. [PMID: 33724902 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01077.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maresh
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joel Prowting
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - M Safwan Badr
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan
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14
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Abstract
Sensory abnormalities in autism has been noted clinically, with pain insensitivity as a specified diagnostic criterion. However, there is limited research using psychophysically robust techniques. Thirteen adults with ASD and 13 matched controls completed an established quantitative sensory testing (QST) battery, supplemented with measures of pain tolerance and central modulation. The ASD group showed higher thresholds for light touch detection and mechanical pain. Notably, the ASD group had a greater range of extreme scores (the number of z-scores outside of the 95% CI > 2), dynamic mechanical allodynia and paradoxical heat sensation; phenomena not typically seen in neurotypical individuals. These data support the need for research examining central mechanisms for pain in ASD and greater consideration of individual difference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vaughan
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Psychology Department, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Faculty of Social Sciences, School of Psychology, Chester University, Chester, CH1 4BJ, UK
| | - Francis McGlone
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Psychology Department, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.,Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK
| | - Helen Poole
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Psychology Department, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK
| | - David J Moore
- School of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Psychology Department, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK. .,Department of Natural Sciences and Psychology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, L3 3AF, UK.
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15
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Maresh S, Prowting J, Vaughan S, Kruppe E, Alsabri B, Yarandi H, Badr MS, Sankari A. Buspirone decreases susceptibility to hypocapnic central sleep apnea in chronic SCI patients. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2020; 129:675-682. [PMID: 32816639 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00435.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a risk factor for central sleep apnea (CSA). Previous studies in animal models with SCI have demonstrated a promising recovery in respiratory and phrenic nerve activity post-injury induced by the systemic and local administration of serotonin receptor agonists such as Buspirone and Trazodone. Human trials must be performed to determine whether individuals with SCI respond similarly. We hypothesized that Buspirone and Trazodone would decrease the propensity to hypocapnic CSA during sleep. We studied eight males with chronic SCI and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) [age: 48.8 ± 14.2 yr; apnea-hypopnea index (AHI): 44.9 ± 23.1] in a single-blind crossover design. For 13 days, participants were randomly assigned either Buspirone (7.5-15 mg twice daily), Trazodone (100 mg), or a placebo followed by a 14-day washout period before crossing over to the other interventions. Study nights included polysomnography and induction of CSA using a noninvasive ventilation protocol. We assessed indexes of SDB, CO2 reserve, apneic threshold (AT), controller gain (CG), plant gain (PG), and ventilatory parameters. CO2 reserve was significantly widened on Buspirone (-3.6 ± 0.9 mmHg) compared with both Trazodone (-2.5 ± 1.0 mmHg, P = 0.009) and placebo (-1.8 ± 1.5 mmHg, P < 0.001) but not on Trazodone vs. placebo (P = 0.061). CG was significantly decreased on Buspirone compared with placebo (1.8 ± 0.4 vs. 4.0 ± 2.0 L/(mmHg·min), P = 0.025) but not on Trazodone compared with placebo (2.5 ± 1.1 vs. 4.0 ± 2.0 L/(mmHg·min); P = 0.065). There were no significant differences for PG, AT, or any SDB indexes (AHI, obstructive apnea index, central apnea index, oxygen desaturation index). The administration of Buspirone decreased the susceptibility to induced hypocapnic central apnea by reducing chemosensitivity and increasing CO2 reserve in chronic SCI patients.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This research study is novel as it is the first study in a humans that we are aware of that demonstrates the ability of Buspirone to increase CO2 reserve and hence decrease susceptibility to hypocapnic central apnea in patients with spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Maresh
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Joel Prowting
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | | | - Bander Alsabri
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hossein Yarandi
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - M Safwan Badr
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan.,Ascension Providence Hospital, Southfield, Michigan
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16
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Gierer F, Vaughan S, Slater M, Thompson HM, Elmore JS, Girling RD. A review of the factors that influence pesticide residues in pollen and nectar: Future research requirements for optimising the estimation of pollinator exposure. Environ Pollut 2019; 249:236-247. [PMID: 30893636 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the impact of Plant Protection Products (PPPs) on insect pollinator decline has stimulated significant amounts of research, as well as political and public interest. PPP residues have been found in various bee-related matrices, resulting in governmental bodies worldwide releasing guidance documents on methods for the assessment of the overall risk of PPPs to different bee species. An essential part of these risk assessments are PPP residues found in pollen and nectar, as they represent a key route of exposure. However, PPP residue values in these matrices exhibit large variations and are not available for many PPPs and crop species combinations, which results in inaccurate estimations and uncertainties in risk evaluation. Additionally, residue studies on pollen and nectar are expensive and practically challenging. An extrapolation between different cropping scenarios and PPPs is not yet justified, as the behaviour of PPPs in pollen and nectar is poorly understood. Therefore, this review aims to contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of the fate of PPP residues in pollen and nectar and to outline knowledge gaps and future research needs. The literature suggests that four primary factors, the crop type, the application method, the physicochemical properties of a compound and the environmental conditions have the greatest influence on PPP residues in pollen and nectar. However, these factors consist of many sub-factors and initial effects may be disguised by different sampling methodologies, impeding their exact characterisation. Moreover, knowledge about these factors is ambiguous and restricted to a few compounds and plant species. We propose that future research should concentrate on identifying relationships and common features amongst various PPP applications and crops, as well as an overall quantification of the described parameters; in order to enable a reliable estimation of PPP residues in pollen, nectar and other bee matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Gierer
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK.
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Mark Slater
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - Helen M Thompson
- Syngenta Ltd, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, Berkshire, UK
| | - J Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Robbie D Girling
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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17
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Thompson H, Overmyer J, Feken M, Ruddle N, Vaughan S, Scorgie E, Bocksch S, Hill M. Thiamethoxam: Long-term effects following honey bee colony-level exposure and implications for risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2019; 654:60-71. [PMID: 30439695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides have been used in a wide range of crops through seed treatment, soil and foliar applications and a large database exists on both their lethal and sub-lethal effects on honey bees under controlled laboratory conditions. However, colony-level studies on the effects of neonicotinoids in field studies are limited, primarily due to their complexity and the resources required. This paper reports the combined results of two large-scale colony-feeding studies, each with 6 weeks of continuous dosing of 12 colonies per treatment (24 control) to 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 or 100 ng thiamethoxam/g sucrose solution. Exposure continued beyond dosing with residues present in stored nectar and bee-bread. The studies were conducted in an area with limited alternative forage and colonies were required to forage for pollen and additional nectar The studies provide colony-level endpoints: significant effects (reductions in bees, brood) were observed after exposure to the two highest dose rates, colony loss occurred at the highest dose rate, but colonies were able to recover (2-3 brood cycles after the end of dosing) after dosing with 50 ng thiamethoxam/g sucrose. No significant colony-level effects were observed at lower dose rates. The data reported here support the conclusions of previous colony-level crop-based field studies with thiamethoxam, in which residues in pollen and nectar were an order of magnitude below the colony-level NOEC of 37.5 ng thiamethoxam/g sucrose. The feeding study data are also compared to the outcomes of regulatory Tier 1 risk assessments conducted using guidance provided by the USA, Canada, Brazil and the EU regulatory authorities. We propose an adaptation of the European chronic adult bee risk assessment that takes into account the full dataset generated in laboratory studies while still providing an order of magnitude of safety compared with the colony feeding study NOEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Thompson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY, UK.
| | - Jay Overmyer
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - Max Feken
- Syngenta Crop Protection LLC, 410 Swing Road, Greensboro, NC 27409, USA
| | - Natalie Ruddle
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Emily Scorgie
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Station, Bracknell, Berks RG42 6EY, UK
| | - Sigrun Bocksch
- Eurofins Agroscience Services GmbH, Eutinger Str. 24, 75223 Niefern-Öschelbronn, Germany
| | - Marcus Hill
- Eurofins Agroscience Services, Inc., Cedar Grove Research Facility, 8909 Atkins Road, Mebane, NC 27302, USA
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18
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Sankari A, Vaughan S, Bascom A, Martin JL, Badr MS. Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Spinal Cord Injury: A State-of-the-Art Review. Chest 2018; 155:438-445. [PMID: 30321507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals living with spinal cord injury or disease (SCI/D) are at increased risk for sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), with a prevalence that is three- to fourfold higher than the general population. The main features of SDB, including intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation, have been linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes including nocturnal hypertension in patients with SCI/D. The relationship between SDB and SCI/D may be multifactorial in nature given that level and completeness of injury can affect central control of respiration and upper airway collapsibility differently, promoting central and/or obstructive types of SDB. Despite the strong association between SDB and SCI/D, access to diagnosis and management remains limited. This review explores the role of SCI/D in the pathogenesis of SDB, poor sleep quality, the barriers in diagnosing and managing SDB in SCI/D, and the alternative approaches and future directions in the treatment of SDB, such as novel pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulghani Sankari
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Amy Bascom
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI
| | - Jennifer L Martin
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, North Hills, CA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Safwan Badr
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI; Department of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI.
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19
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Vaughan S, Arvai K, Jouldjian S, Mitchell M, Salloum A, Chowdhuri S, Shamim-Uzzaman A, Henzel M, Sankari A, Martin J, Badr M. 1043 Pulmonary Function and Sleep Quality in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury and Disease. Sleep 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy061.1042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - K Arvai
- John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI
| | - S Jouldjian
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Mitchell
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | | | - M Henzel
- Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | | | - J Martin
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | - M Badr
- John D. Dingell VAMC, Detroit, MI
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20
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Rizwan A, Sankari A, Bascom AT, Vaughan S, Badr MS. Nocturnal swallowing and arousal threshold in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 125:445-452. [PMID: 29672224 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00641.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory complications are potential causes of death in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). Nocturnal swallowing could be related to transient arousals and could lead to fragmented sleep in SCI patients. However, the impact of nocturnal swallowing on breathing and sleep physiology in SCI is unknown. The objectives of this study were 1) to determine whether nocturnal swallowing is more common in SCI than in able-bodied (AB) subjects, 2) to determine the role of nocturnal swallowing on arousal threshold (ArTh) in SCI individuals with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and 3) to determine the effect of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment on nocturnal swallowing. A total of 16 SCI and 13 AB subjects with SDB completed in-laboratory polysomnography with a pharyngeal catheter. A swallowing event (SW) was defined as a positive spike in pharyngeal pressure and was used to calculate the swallow index (SI) defined as a number of SW/total sleep time. Each SW was assessed for a relationship to the sleep stages and respiratory cycle phases, and associated arousals and ArTh were calculated. SI was higher in the SCI group compared with AB subjects during wake and different sleep stages ( P < 0.05). SWs were found to be significantly higher in the late expiratory phase in the group with SCI compared with the other respiratory phases and were eliminated by CPAP ( P < 0.05). ArTh for the subjects with SCI was significantly lower ( P < 0.05) compared with the AB subjects. Nocturnal swallowing is more common in SCI than in AB individuals who have SDB, particularly during the expiratory phase. The ArTh is significantly lower in SCI (indicating increased arousal propensity), which may contribute to the mechanism of sleep disturbances in SCI. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Nocturnal swallowing is common in patients with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) and is associated with frequent arousals from sleep. The lower arousal threshold during sleep in SCI may contribute to the mechanism of sleep disturbances that are commonly found in cervical and high thoracic SCI. Continuous positive airway pressure may play a therapeutic role in alleviating nocturnal swallowing, which may contribute to reduced risk of aspiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliza Rizwan
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Abdulghani Sankari
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Amy T Bascom
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Sarah Vaughan
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
| | - M Safwan Badr
- Sleep Research Laboratory, John D. Dingell Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Detroit, Michigan.,Wayne State University School of Medicine , Detroit, Michigan
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21
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Charette J, Mohamed R, Andrews CN, Vaughan S, Larios O, Jayakumar S. A207 SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS SECONDARY TO DISSEMINATED VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS: A CASE REPORT. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwy008.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Charette
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - R Mohamed
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - C N Andrews
- Gastroenterology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Vaughan
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - O Larios
- University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - S Jayakumar
- Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
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22
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Smith GE, Barnes KJ, Vaughan S. Introduction to the Special Issue on Current Issues in AACSB Accreditation. Organization Management Journal 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15416518.2017.1293420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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23
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Juhlin K, Karimi G, Andér M, Camilli S, Dheda M, Har TS, Isahak R, Lee SJ, Vaughan S, Caduff P, Norén GN. Using VigiBase to Identify Substandard Medicines: Detection Capacity and Key Prerequisites. Drug Saf 2016; 38:373-82. [PMID: 25687792 PMCID: PMC4544545 DOI: 10.1007/s40264-015-0271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Substandard medicines, whether the result of intentional manipulation or lack of compliance with good manufacturing practice (GMP) or good distribution practice (GDP), pose a significant potential threat to patient safety. Spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting systems can contribute to identification of quality problems that cause unwanted and/or harmful effects, and to identification of clusters of lack of efficacy. In 2011, the Uppsala Monitoring Centre (UMC) constructed a novel algorithm to identify reporting patterns suggestive of substandard medicines in spontaneous reporting, and applied it to VigiBase®, the World Health Organization’s global individual case safety report database. The algorithm identified some historical clusters related to substandard products, which were later able to be confirmed in the literature or by contact with national centres (NCs). As relevant and detailed information is often lacking in the VigiBase reports but might be available at the reporting NC, further evaluation of the algorithm was undertaken with involvement from NCs. Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of an algorithm that identifies clusters of potentially substandard medicines, when these are assessed directly at the NC concerned. Methods The algorithm identifies countries and time periods with disproportionately high reporting of product inadequacy. NCs with at least 20 clusters were eligible to participate in the study, and six NCs—those in the Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, the UK and the USA—were selected, taking into account the geographical spread and prevalence of recent clusters. The clusters were systematically assessed at the NCs, following a standardized protocol, and then compiled centrally at the UMC. The clusters were classified as ‘confirmed’, ‘potential’ or ‘unlikely’ substandard products; or as ‘confirmed not substandard’ when confirmed by an investigation; or as ‘indecisive’ when the information available did not allow a sound assessment even at the NC. Results The assessment of a total of 147 clusters resulted in 8 confirmed, 12 potential and 51 unlikely substandard products, and a further 19 clusters were confirmed as not substandard. Reflecting the difficulty of evaluating suspected substandard products retrospectively when additional information from the primary reporter, as well as samples, are no longer available, 57 clusters were classified as indecisive. Conclusion While application of the algorithm to VigiBase allowed identification of some substandard medicines, some key prerequisites have been identified that need to be fulfilled at the national level for the algorithm to be useful in practice. Such key factors are fast handling and transfer of incoming reports into VigiBase, detailed information on the product and its distribution channels, the possibility of contacting primary reporters for further information, availability of samples of suspected products and laboratory capacity to analyse suspected products. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s40264-015-0271-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Juhlin
- Uppsala Monitoring Centre, Box 1051, 75140, Uppsala, Sweden,
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Barnes KJ, Smith G, Vaughan S. Association for the Advancement of Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) Accreditation Current Issues. Organization Management Journal 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/15416518.2015.1087260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Edelson R, Gelbord JM, Horne K, McHardy IM, Peterson BM, Arévalo P, Breeveld AA, Rosa GD, Evans PA, Goad MR, Kriss GA, Brandt WN, Gehrels N, Grupe D, Kennea JA, Kochanek CS, Nousek JA, Papadakis I, Siegel M, Starkey D, Uttley P, Vaughan S, Young S, Barth AJ, Bentz MC, Brewer BJ, Crenshaw DM, Dalla Bontà E, Cáceres ADL, Denney KD, Dietrich M, Ely J, Fausnaugh MM, Grier CJ, Hall PB, Kaastra J, Kelly BC, Korista KT, Lira P, Mathur S, Netzer H, Pancoast A, Pei L, Pogge RW, Schimoia JS, Treu T, Vestergaard M, Villforth C, Yan H, Zu Y. SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. II.SWIFTANDHSTREVERBERATION MAPPING OF THE ACCRETION DISK OF NGC 5548. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rosa GD, Peterson BM, Ely J, Kriss GA, Crenshaw DM, Horne K, Korista KT, Netzer H, Pogge RW, Arévalo P, Barth AJ, Bentz MC, Brandt WN, Breeveld AA, Brewer BJ, Dalla Bontà E, Lorenzo-Cáceres AD, Denney KD, Dietrich M, Edelson R, Evans PA, Fausnaugh MM, Gehrels N, Gelbord JM, Goad MR, Grier CJ, Grupe D, Hall PB, Kaastra J, Kelly BC, Kennea JA, Kochanek CS, Lira P, Mathur S, McHardy IM, Nousek JA, Pancoast A, Papadakis I, Pei L, Schimoia JS, Siegel M, Starkey D, Treu T, Uttley P, Vaughan S, Vestergaard M, Villforth C, Yan H, Young S, Zu Y. SPACE TELESCOPE AND OPTICAL REVERBERATION MAPPING PROJECT. I. ULTRAVIOLET OBSERVATIONS OF THE SEYFERT 1 GALAXY NGC 5548 WITH THE COSMIC ORIGINS SPECTROGRAPH ONHUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/806/1/128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Bosanquet DC, Vaughan S, Stephenson BM. Late mesh sepsis: how late is late? Hernia 2015; 19:1035-6. [PMID: 25731949 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-015-1364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D C Bosanquet
- Departments of General Surgery, Royal Gwent Hospital, Cardiff Road, Newport, NP20 2UB, South Wales, UK.
| | - S Vaughan
- Departments of General Surgery, Royal Gwent Hospital, Cardiff Road, Newport, NP20 2UB, South Wales, UK
| | - B M Stephenson
- Departments of General Surgery, Royal Gwent Hospital, Cardiff Road, Newport, NP20 2UB, South Wales, UK
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Edelson R, Vaughan S, Malkan M, Kelly BC, Smith KL, Boyd PT, Mushotzky R. DISCOVERY OF A ∼5 DAY CHARACTERISTIC TIMESCALE IN THEKEPLERPOWER SPECTRUM OF Zw 229–15. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/0004-637x/795/1/2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Ihedioha U, Vaughan S, Mastermann J, Singh B, Chaudhri S. Patient education videos for elective colorectal surgery: results of a randomized controlled trial. Colorectal Dis 2013; 15:1436-41. [PMID: 23841586 DOI: 10.1111/codi.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Recent advances in surgery have focused on peri-operative care and interventions to improve outcome following surgery. Psychological preparation has a positive impact on recovery and incorporates a range of strategies with dissemination of information as one of the key elements. Information can be given verbally, through printed information or through use of a video. Traditionally, reliance has been on the use of written material as an adjunct to patient education in clinic. The current study is a randomized trial on the use of video education in patients undergoing elective colorectal resection within an enhanced recovery programme. METHOD Sixty-five eligible patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery were identified and 61 were randomized between August 2010 and August 2011 to either video and information leaflets or information leaflets alone. A fast track protocol was established for all the patients. Clinicians in charge of postoperative recovery were blinded. Standard discharge criteria were employed for all patients. RESULTS Of 61 patients randomized, one dropped out and outcomes on 60 were analysed. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups (age, P = 0.964; body mass index, P = 0.829). Twenty-eight (91%) patients in the video group had left sided resections while two (6%) had right sided resections. Nineteen (66%) in the non-video group had left sided resections while nine (31%) had right sided resections. One (3%) patient in the non-video group and one (3%) in the video group had a total colectomy. Fourteen (45%) patients in the video group and 12 (41%) in the non-video group had surgery completed laparoscopically. There was no difference in the primary (median hospital stay 5 vs 5 days; P = 0.239) or the secondary outcome measures (pain score on movement, P = 0.338; pain score at rest, P = 0.989; nausea score, P = 0.74; epidural use, P = 0.984; paracetamol use, P = 0.44; voltarol use, P = 0.506) between the groups. CONCLUSION Use of video education in the psychological preparation of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery does not improve short-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Ihedioha
- Department of Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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Vaughan S, Stout-Delgado H, Pollock Z, Plourde J, Pyles J, Harrod K. Attenuated dendritic cell function in BALB/c mice following HPAI vaccination results from failed C-type lectin receptor signaling (P4309). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.123.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has an approximate 60% fatality rate in humans. In the United States, a vaccine for HPAI has been manufactured and stockpiled using FDA approved methods for seasonal vaccines. Compared to seasonal vaccines, the HPAI vaccine is less immunogenic in humans despite similar production methods. We developed a mouse model of influenza vaccination to examine differences in the host immune response to these vaccines. Mice that received the seasonal vaccine produced a robust neutralizing antibody response whereas no neutralizing antibodies were detected following HPAI vaccination. Dendritic cells (DCs) cultured with HPAI vaccine had decreased expression of activation markers CD40 and CD86, and produced significantly lower levels of cytokines IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α compared to those treated with seasonal vaccine. C-type lectin receptors have been implicated as a class of pattern recognition receptors in innate immunity and immunization. Pretreatment with mannan diminished cytokine induction by DCs in a dose dependent manner following seasonal but not HPAI vaccine treatment, suggesting a role for C-type lectin receptors in DC activation by influenza vaccines. These findings implicate a potential mechanism for attenuated DC function following HPAI vaccination and may explain the lack of immunogenicity of the currently approved HPAI vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vaughan
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Resp. Res. Inst., Albuquerque, NM
- 2Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Zemmie Pollock
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Resp. Res. Inst., Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jennifer Plourde
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Resp. Res. Inst., Albuquerque, NM
- 2Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - John Pyles
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Resp. Res. Inst., Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kevin Harrod
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Resp. Res. Inst., Albuquerque, NM
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Barry S, Towers K, Vaughan S. Screening ciliopathy genes in the model organism Trypanosoma brucei. Cilia 2012. [PMCID: PMC3555850 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-s1-p81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Barry
- Oxford Brookes University, UK
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Towers K, Hughes LC, Vaughan S. Three dimensional organisation of basal bodies in Trypanosoma brucei. Cilia 2012. [PMCID: PMC3555948 DOI: 10.1186/2046-2530-1-s1-p54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Vaughan S, Stout-Delgado H, Pollock Z, Plourde J, Pyles J, Harrod K. Alum adjuvant rescues HPAI vaccine immunogenicity and survival in BALB/c mice following H5N1 infection (113.30). The Journal of Immunology 2012. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.113.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is an emerging infectious virus with an approximate 60% fatality rate in humans. In the United States, a vaccine for H5N1 has been developed and stockpiled in case of a pandemic. This vaccine demonstrated low immunogenicity in human clinical trials with only 22% of recipients developing protective antibody titers. Previous studies using a lethal challenge ferret model have shown that supplementing the H5N1 vaccine with an alum adjuvant can improve immunogenicity and survival. We developed a lethal challenge mouse model of H5N1 vaccination to examine differences in innate immune responses to the vaccine alone or in the presence of an alum adjuvant. Mice treated with the adjuvanted vaccine showed significantly lower weight loss and higher survival than mice treated with the nonadjuvanted vaccine. Further, mice treated with adjuvanted vaccine had higher neutralizing antibody titers when compared to mice that received the nonadjuvanted vaccine. In vitro, dendritic cells (DCs) cultured with the adjuvanted vaccine had increased expression of the activation markers CD40 and CD86 compared to DCs treated with the nonadjuvanted vaccine. Interestingly, neither treatment induced activation of Toll-like receptors or the production of cytokines IL-6, IL-12, or TNF-α. Taken together, our results suggest that the alum adjuvant rescues immunogenicity and improves survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Vaughan
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
- 2Pathology, University of New Mexico Sch. of Med., Albuquerque, NM
| | | | - Zemmie Pollock
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Jennifer Plourde
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
- 2Pathology, University of New Mexico Sch. of Med., Albuquerque, NM
| | - John Pyles
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Kevin Harrod
- 1Infectious Diseases, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM
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Ridge S, Heuer C, Cogger N, Heck A, Moor S, Baker I, Vaughan S. Herd management practices and the transmission of Johne's disease within infected dairy herds in Victoria, Australia. Prev Vet Med 2010; 95:186-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2009] [Revised: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McKie A, Vaughan S, Okon I, Zanini E, Al-Jayoosi F, Agarwal R, Lam E, Gabra H. 421 The OPCML tumour suppressor functions as a repressor-adaptor, negatively regulating receptor tyrosine kinases in ovarian cancer. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71222-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
Advance care planning (ACP) as a process of discussing and recording wishes for future care and treatment is increasingly being promoted and discussed in the UK, reflecting recent changes in legislation. This study describes current ACP practice in care homes for older people drawing on data from a questionnaire survey (n = 213) of, and interviews (n = 15) with, care home managers. Whilst consultation about general care is taking place in the majority of homes surveyed using both formal and informal processes, the number of residents that have completed any ACP processes varies. Managers face intrinsic and extrinsic challenges related to the ascertaining of, and the implementing of wishes as they address ACP in the care home context. Until these wider contextual factors are addressed it will be difficult for staff in care homes to effectively undertake and implement ACP in care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Froggatt
- Lancaster University, Division of Health Research, Lancaster, UK.
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Tehrani N, Vaughan S. Lost in translation – using bilingual differences to increase emotional mastery following bullying. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/14733140802656131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Vaughan S. Expressing breast milk at work. Assoc Med J 2006. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.333.7563.s62-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Barthelmy SD, Chincarini G, Burrows DN, Gehrels N, Covino S, Moretti A, Romano P, O'Brien PT, Sarazin CL, Kouveliotou C, Goad M, Vaughan S, Tagliaferri G, Zhang B, Antonelli LA, Campana S, Cummings JR, D'Avanzo P, Davies MB, Giommi P, Grupe D, Kaneko Y, Kennea JA, King A, Kobayashi S, Melandri A, Meszaros P, Nousek JA, Patel S, Sakamoto T, Wijers RAMJ. An origin for short gamma-ray bursts unassociated with current star formation. Nature 2005; 438:994-6. [PMID: 16355219 DOI: 10.1038/nature04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/31/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Two short (< 2 s) gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have recently been localized and fading afterglow counterparts detected. The combination of these two results left unclear the nature of the host galaxies of the bursts, because one was a star-forming dwarf, while the other was probably an elliptical galaxy. Here we report the X-ray localization of a short burst (GRB 050724) with unusual gamma-ray and X-ray properties. The X-ray afterglow lies off the centre of an elliptical galaxy at a redshift of z = 0.258 (ref. 5), coincident with the position determined by ground-based optical and radio observations. The low level of star formation typical for elliptical galaxies makes it unlikely that the burst originated in a supernova explosion. A supernova origin was also ruled out for GRB 050709 (refs 3, 31), even though that burst took place in a galaxy with current star formation. The isotropic energy for the short bursts is 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than that for the long bursts. Our results therefore suggest that an alternative source of bursts--the coalescence of binary systems of neutron stars or a neutron star-black hole pair--are the progenitors of short bursts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Barthelmy
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
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Vaughan S. Complications defining "complications". Br J Gen Pract 2004; 54:299-300; author reply 300. [PMID: 15113499 PMCID: PMC1314857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
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Lachlan M, Licence K, Oates K, Vaughan S, Hill R. Practical lessons from the management of an outbreak of small round structured virus (Norwalk-like virus) gastroenteritis. Commun Dis Public Health 2002; 5:43-7. [PMID: 12070977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
An outbreak of viral gastroenteritis caused illness in 92 people during October 2000. All the cases had an association with one hotel and 80% of cases identified had attended one of two buffet meals on 18th October 2000. Cohort analysis did not implicate any particular foodstuff in this outbreak. All bacteriological tests on food samples were negative. Small round structured virus (SRSV)/Norwalk-like virus (NLV) particles were seen by electron microscopy in 6 out of 27 stool samples submitted for analysis. This paper describes the outbreak and in particular the lessons learned from the management and control of it. These include practical points with regard to the outbreak control team, liaison with the microbiology laboratory, handling data, agreeing a case definition, and occupational health issues. All can be applied elsewhere by those responsible for managing outbreaks at a local level.
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Abstract
Although most eukaryotic cells can express multiple isotypes of αβ-tubulin, the significance of this diversity has not always been apparent. Recent data indicate that particular αβ-tubulin isotypes, both genome encoded and those derived by post-translational modification, can directly influence microtubule structure and function — thus validating ideas originally proposed in the multitubulin hypothesis over 25 years ago.It has also become increasingly evident over the past year that some (but intriguingly not all) eukaryotes encode several other tubulin proteins, and to date five further members of the tubulin superfamily, γ, δ, ϵ, 𝛇 and η, have been identified. Although the role of γ-tubulin in the nucleation of microtubule assembly is now well established, far less is known about the functions of δ-, ϵ-, 𝛇- and η-tubulin. Recent work has expanded our knowledge of the functions and localisation of these newer members of the tubulin superfamily, and the emerging data suggesting a restricted evolutionary distribution of these `new' tubulin proteins, conforms to established knowledge of microtubule cell biology. On the basis of current evidence, we predict that δ-, ϵ-, 𝛇- and η-tubulin all have functions associated with the centriole or basal body of eukaryotic cells and organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G McKean
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address both clinical and ethical concerns in psychiatric research, the study assessed the subjective experience of being a participant in a feasibility study of outcome in long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. METHOD A questionnaire assessing positive and negative reactions to three typical research methodologies (self-report questionnaires, structured diagnostic interviews, and tape-recording of sessions) was administered to 23 patient-therapist pairs. RESULTS Patients reported that questionnaires and interviews were slightly to moderately helpful in promoting self-realization and facilitating therapy, and not at all to slightly intrusive and disruptive. Adjustment to audiotaping of sessions was rapid (within two sessions). Therapists significantly overestimated the negative effects and underestimated the positive benefit patients reported from participating in research. CONCLUSIONS Traditional objections to research in dynamic psychotherapy on the grounds that patients experience research procedures as significantly intrusive and disruptive appear to be unfounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marshall
- Anxiety Disorders Clinic, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Flakoll PJ, Zheng M, Vaughan S, Borel MJ. Determination of stable isotopic enrichment and concentration of glycerol in plasma via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the estimation of lipolysis in vivo. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000; 744:47-54. [PMID: 10985565 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Measuring glycerol's rate of appearance into the plasma compartment provides an excellent estimation of whole-body lipolysis. The glycerol rate of appearance can be calculated by estimating the plasma dilution of continuously infused stable or radioactive isotopes of glycerol. Previously, determination of glycerol stable isotopic enrichment has required either chemical ionization gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or electron impact ionization GC-MS in which a fragment containing only a portion of the glycerol molecule was measured. The present method uses tert.-butyldimethylsilyl (tBDMS) derivatization and electron impact ionization to measure a fragment including the entire glycerol molecule. The method determines concentration and enrichment of plasma glycerol in a simple, precise, and cost-efficient manner, providing a basis from which lipid homeostasis can be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Flakoll
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Occlusal splints (Michigan splints, night/bite guards or bite-raising appliances) can be an effective, inexpensive and reversible treatment for a wide range of dental problems. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to analyse retrospectively the provision of occlusal splint ('Michigan' type) in general dental practice, following a prescription by a restorative dental consultant. METHOD One hundred patients were recruited from consultant clinics in a department of conservative dentistry during 1995 and 1996. All patients were prescribed a maxillary, full-coverage, heat-cured, acrylic-resin splint (Michigan splint) as part of a treatment plan. An explanatory letter and questionnaire were sent to all patients and to their referring general dental practitioner in 1997 and 1998. RESULTS A response rate of 79% was achieved in obtaining completed questionnaires from both patients and general dental practitioners. Of respondents 43% (34/79) received an occlusal splint of some form. A small proportion of the respondents (16.5% [13/79]) received a Michigan splint as prescribed. Irrespective of the type of appliance provided, most patients (82% [28/34]) found them helpful. Of those who did not receive an occlusal splint, 38% (17/45) of patients felt financial implications deterred them from obtaining an appliance. Other common reasons for non-provision included: patients felt that symptoms had improved (18% [8/45]) and patients did not agree with treatment (18% [8/45]). The general dental practitioners had similar opinions to their patients. DISCUSSION These findings raise some serious doubts on the efficacy of consultant clinic advice in the prescription of occlusal splints in general dental practice. The financial and educational issues raised by this study will need to be addressed to improve service provision. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that 16.5% of patient respondents prescribed a Michigan splint at a consultant clinic received such an appliance in general dental practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Patel
- Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London
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Greenawald MH, Vaughan S. What is the long-term prognosis for patients with Lyme disease? J Fam Pract 2000; 49:397-465. [PMID: 10836768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M H Greenawald
- Carilion Family Practice Residency Program, Roanoke, Virginia, USA.
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49
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Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Severe tooth wear localized to the anterior maxillary or mandibular teeth with loss of interocclusal space is difficult to manage. PURPOSE This study evaluated the outcome of composite restorations placed at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion in such patients. METHODS AND MATERIAL Sixteen patients were restored with 104 restorations in 2 groups. In group A, Durafill composite and Scotchbond Multipurpose dentine adhesive system were used to place direct anterior restorations (N = 52). In group B, Herculite XRV composite and Optibond dentine bonding agent was used (N = 52). The restorations were placed at an increased vertical dimension of occlusion creating a posterior disclusion of 1 to 4 mm. RESULTS Clinical follow-up showed that the posterior occlusion remained satisfactorily restored after a mean duration of 4.6 months (range 1 to 11 months). Mean follow-up of 30 months has shown a combined success rate of 89.4% for both groups with 93 of the restorations remaining in service. Maintenance in group A was high with 33 failures, but low in group B with 6 failures. Patient satisfaction was reported as good. CONCLUSION Direct composite restorations may be a treatment option for localized anterior tooth wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Hemmings
- Eastman Dental Hospital and Institute for Oral Healthcare Sciences, London, United Kingdom.
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Chao MW, Byram D, Bell R, Bond R, Vaughan S, McLennan R, Lim-Joon M, Wada M, Joseph D. Postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy for rectal carcinoma. Australas Radiol 1998; 42:47-51. [PMID: 9509605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.1998.tb00564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative combined modality therapy with radiotherapy and 5-fluorouracil (5FU) chemotherapy is an effective adjuvant approach that reduces locoregional and distant metastatic disease in patients with high-risk rectal carcinoma. However, this approach results in a treatment regimen of at least 6 months' duration. The present prospective study investigates the integration of radiotherapy and 5FU chemotherapy in a protocol designed to minimize toxicity and reduce the overall treatment time. A total of 40 patients with TNM stage II or III disease received postoperative radiotherapy at four fractions per week with weekly 5FU bolus injections delivered on the fifth non-radiotherapy day. Patients also received systemic chemotherapy with leucovorin both before and after pelvic irradiation, with the total treatment duration extending for only 18 weeks. Patients were able to complete radiotherapy in 90% of cases, while the delivery of full-dose chemotherapy was achievable in the vast majority. The incidence of haematologic and gastrointestinal toxicities requiring the cessation of treatment was acceptable. With a median follow-up of 20.9 months among surviving patients, the estimated progression-free and overall survival at 2 years were 71% and 79%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Chao
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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