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Wan Yahaya WA, Azman NAM, Adam F, Subramaniam SD, Abd Hamid KH, Almajano MP. Exploring the Potential of Seaweed Derivatives for the Development of Biodegradable Plastics: A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2884. [PMID: 37447534 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable films made from biopolymer materials have the potential to replace conventional plastics, which can reduce waste disposal problems. This study aims to explore the potential of different seaweed derivate films consisting of 2% (w/w) of kappaphycus alverezi (KA), kappa carrageenan (KC), refined carrageenan (RC) and semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) as bio-based materials with 0.9% (w/w) glycerol (G), and reinforced with different concentrations of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from palm waste. A characterization of the glycerol-plasticized seaweed derivatives containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/w) cellulose nanofiber is carried out. The CNFs were studied based on their mechanical, physical and thermal properties including mechanical properties, thickness, moisture content, opacity, water solubility, water vapor permeability and thermal stability. The hydrogen bonding was determined using the DFT calculation generated by Gauss view software version 9.6. The KA + G + 10%CNF film exhibited a surface with slight cracks, roughness, and larger lumps and dents, resulting in inferior mechanical properties (18.50 Mpa), making it unsuitable for biofilm production. The KC + G + 10%CNF film exhibited mechanical properties 24.97 Mpa and water vapor permeability of 1.42311 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1. The RC/G/10%CNF film displayed the highest TS (48.23 MPa) and water vapor permeability (1.4168 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), but it also had higher solubility in water (66%). In contrast, the SRC + G + 10%CNF film demonstrated excellent mechanical properties (45.98 MPa), low water solubility (42.59%), low water vapor permeability (1.3719 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), and a high decomposition temperature (250.62 °C) compared to KA, KC and RC. These attributes develop films suitable for various applications, including food packaging with enhanced properties and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aini Mohd Azman
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Fatmawati Adam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sarmilaah Dewi Subramaniam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Husna Abd Hamid
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Maria Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ), Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Dewi Subramaniam S, Hajar Abd Rahim S, Abdul Halim L, Basrawi F, Aini Mohd Azman N. Study on bee bread extracts as active ingredients in SGC-Active film for food packaging application. Materials Today: Proceedings 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.04.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Subramaniam SD, Azman NABM, Abdul Mudalip SKB, Halim LA, Basrawi F, Muhammad NB. Modeling, drying kinetics, and antioxidant properties of Bentong ginger based on different drying techniques. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarmilaah Dewi Subramaniam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Pahang Malaysia
| | | | | | - Luqman Abdul Halim
- Meliponini Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Firdaus Basrawi
- Meliponini Engineering Laboratory, Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Pahang Pekan Pahang Malaysia
| | - Noryanti Binti Muhammad
- Centre for Artificial Intelligence & Data Science Universiti Malaysia Pahang Gambang Pahang Malaysia
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Yahaya WAW, Subramaniam SD, Azman NAM, Adam F, Almajano MP. Synthesis of Active Hybrid Films Reinforced with Cellulose Nanofibers as Active Packaging Material. Chem Eng Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.202100366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya
- University Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Sarmilaah Dewi Subramaniam
- University Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aini Mohd Azman
- University Malaysia Pahang Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Fatmawati Adam
- University Malaysia Pahang Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology Lebuhraya Tun Razak 26300 Gambang Kuantan, Pahang Malaysia
| | - Maria Pilar Almajano
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ) Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB) Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
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