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Wee WQ, Sim LC, Leong KH, Aziz AA. Integrated photocatalysis adsorption processes for oxytetracycline removal: using volborthite and its composite with g-C 3N 4. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-32802-3. [PMID: 38466384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The photocatalytic-adsorption performance of the composites of volborthite (CuVA) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) was studied in this work using oxytetracycline (OTC) as model pollutant under LED light irradiation. CuVA at different weight percentages (10, 30, 50), namely, C10, C30, and C50, were loaded onto graphitic carbon nitride using wet chemical method. The physical, chemical, and optical properties were evaluated via various analytical techniques. Through integrated adsorption-photocatalytic process, no significant photocatalytic reaction occurred in g-C3N4 and the composite even after 4 h of irradiation. The setup was modified such that each run was conducted in the presence and absence of light. Aside from photolysis and g-C3N4, all composites performed better under the presence of light in which CuVA improved the most from ~ 50% down to ~ 20% of initial concentration. CuVA performed almost identically (80% removal of OTC) under the presence of light irradiation at ambient temperature (22 °C) and in the dark at 32 °C, confirming that temperature was the contributing factor to the improvement instead of light. CuVA exhibited excellent adsorption capacity of 171 mg/g and adsorption rate of 90% towards the removal of highly concentrated OTC (100 mg/L) under optimized parameters of pH 5.0 and at 42 °C after 3 h of adsorption process. Life cycle assessment revealed that close to 50% of fresh 100 ppm OTC could be removed after five cycles without any desorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qing Wee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long 9, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Lan Ching Sim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Sungai Long 9, Bandar Sungai Long, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kah Hon Leong
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, 31900, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Azrina Abdul Aziz
- Faculty of Civil Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26300, Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
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Mohd Safien A, Ibrahim N, Subramaniam P, Singh DKA, Mat Ludin AF, Chin AV, Shahar S. Prevalence of depression and clinical depressive symptoms in community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24:225-233. [PMID: 38199952 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM The present study determines the prevalence of depression and the extent of clinical depression symptoms among community-dwelling older adults with cognitive frailty and its associated factors. METHODS A total of 755 older adults aged ≥60 years were recruited. Their cognitive performance was determined using the Clinical Dementia Rating. Fried's criteria was applied to identify physical frailty, and the Beck Depression Inventory assessed their mental states. RESULTS A total of 39.2% (n = 304) of the participants were classified as cognitive frail. In this cognitive frail subpopulation, 8.6% (n = 26) had clinical depressive symptoms, which were mostly somatic such as disturbance in sleep pattern, work difficulty, fatigue, and lack of appetite. Older adults with cognitive frailty also showed significantly higher depression levels as compared with the noncognitive frail participants (t (622.06) = -3.38; P = 0.001). There are significant associations between depression among older adults with cognitive frailty and multimorbidity (P = 0.009), polypharmacy (P = 0.009), vision problems (P = 0.046), and hearing problems (P = 0.047). The likelihood of older adults with cognitive frailty who experience impairments to their vision and hearing, polypharmacy, and multimorbidity to be depressed also increased by 2, 3, 5, and 7-fold. CONCLUSIONS The majority of the Malaysian community-dwelling older adults were in a good mental state. However, older adults with cognitive frailty are more susceptible to depression due to impairments to their hearing and vision, multimorbidity, and polypharmacy. As common clinical depressive symptoms among older adults with cognitive frailty are mostly somatic, it is crucial for health professionals to recognize these and not to disregard them as only physical illness. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 225-233.
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Affiliation(s)
- A'isyah Mohd Safien
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhayati Ibrahim
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ponnusamy Subramaniam
- Clinical Psychology and Behavioral Health Programme & Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Devinder Kaur Ajit Singh
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Arimi Fitri Mat Ludin
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ai-Vyrn Chin
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Shahar
- Center for Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Razali NSC, Lam KW, Rajab NF, Jamal ARA, Kamaludin NF, Chan KM. Curcumin piperidone derivatives induce caspase-dependent apoptosis and suppress miRNA-21 expression in LN-18 human glioblastoma cells. Genes Environ 2024; 46:4. [PMID: 38303058 PMCID: PMC10832295 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-023-00297-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we have reported on the two curcuminoid analogues with piperidone derivatives, namely FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 have more potent anti-proliferative and anti-migration effects than curcumin. In this study, we further investigated the mode of cell death and the mechanism involved in the cell death process induced by these analogues on human glioblastoma LN-18 cells. RESULTS The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues induced LN-18 cell death through apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner following 24 h of treatment. These analogues induced apoptosis in LN-18 cells through significant loss of mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as early as 1-hour of treatment. Interestingly, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) pretreatment did not abolish the apoptosis induced by these analogues, further confirming the cell death process is independent of ROS. However, the apoptosis induced by the analogues is caspases-dependent, whereby pan-caspase pretreatment inhibited the curcuminoid analogues-induced apoptosis. The apoptotic cell death progressed with the activation of both caspase-8 and caspase-9, which eventually led to the activation of caspase-3, as confirmed by immunoblotting. Moreover, the existing over-expression of miRNA-21 in LN-18 cells was suppressed following treatment with both analogues, which suggested the down-regulation of the miRNA-21 facilitates the cell death process. CONCLUSION The FLDP-5 and FLDP-8 curcuminoid analogues downregulate the miRNA-21 expression and induce extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways in LN-18 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Syahirah Che Razali
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok Wai Lam
- Centre for Drug and Herbal Development, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Nor Fadilah Rajab
- Center for Health Ageing and Wellness Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - A Rahman A Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, UKM Medical Centre, Cheras, 56000, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Farahana Kamaludin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia
| | - Kok Meng Chan
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, 50300, Malaysia.
- Product Stewardship and Toxicology, Group Health, Safety and Environment (GHSE), Petroliam Nasional Berhad (PETRONAS), Kuala Lumpur, 50088, Malaysia.
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Sababathy M, Ramanathan G, Abd Rahaman NY, Ramasamy R, Biau FJ, Qi Hao DL, Hamid NFS. A 'one stone, two birds' approach with mesenchymal stem cells for acute respiratory distress syndrome and Type II diabetes mellitus. Regen Med 2023; 18:913-934. [PMID: 38111999 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the intricate relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It covers ARDS epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, along with current treatment trends and challenges. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) role in ARDS and its association between non-communicable diseases and COVID-19 are discussed. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) for ARDS and T2DM, emphasizing their immunomodulatory effects. This review also underlines how T2DM exacerbates ARDS pathophysiology and discusses the potential of hUC-MSCs in modulating immune responses. In conclusion, the review highlights the multidisciplinary approach to managing ARDS and T2DM, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress and potential therapy of hUC-MSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogesh Sababathy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghayathri Ramanathan
- Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccines & Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Foo Jhi Biau
- Centre for Drug Discovery & Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Looi Qi Hao
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., 18-2, Jalan Radin Bagus 1, Bandar Seri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nur-Fazila Saulol Hamid
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccines & Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Wan Yahaya WA, Azman NAM, Adam F, Subramaniam SD, Abd Hamid KH, Almajano MP. Exploring the Potential of Seaweed Derivatives for the Development of Biodegradable Plastics: A Comparative Study. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2884. [PMID: 37447534 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biodegradable films made from biopolymer materials have the potential to replace conventional plastics, which can reduce waste disposal problems. This study aims to explore the potential of different seaweed derivate films consisting of 2% (w/w) of kappaphycus alverezi (KA), kappa carrageenan (KC), refined carrageenan (RC) and semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) as bio-based materials with 0.9% (w/w) glycerol (G), and reinforced with different concentrations of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) derived from palm waste. A characterization of the glycerol-plasticized seaweed derivatives containing 0, 5, 10, and 15% (v/w) cellulose nanofiber is carried out. The CNFs were studied based on their mechanical, physical and thermal properties including mechanical properties, thickness, moisture content, opacity, water solubility, water vapor permeability and thermal stability. The hydrogen bonding was determined using the DFT calculation generated by Gauss view software version 9.6. The KA + G + 10%CNF film exhibited a surface with slight cracks, roughness, and larger lumps and dents, resulting in inferior mechanical properties (18.50 Mpa), making it unsuitable for biofilm production. The KC + G + 10%CNF film exhibited mechanical properties 24.97 Mpa and water vapor permeability of 1.42311 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1. The RC/G/10%CNF film displayed the highest TS (48.23 MPa) and water vapor permeability (1.4168 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), but it also had higher solubility in water (66%). In contrast, the SRC + G + 10%CNF film demonstrated excellent mechanical properties (45.98 MPa), low water solubility (42.59%), low water vapor permeability (1.3719 × 10-11 g s-1 m-1 Pa-1), and a high decomposition temperature (250.62 °C) compared to KA, KC and RC. These attributes develop films suitable for various applications, including food packaging with enhanced properties and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Amnin Wan Yahaya
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Aini Mohd Azman
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Fatmawati Adam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Advanced Fluid and Processes, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Sarmilaah Dewi Subramaniam
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Khadijah Husna Abd Hamid
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Persiaran Tun Khalil Yaakob, Gambang 26300, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Maria Pilar Almajano
- Chemical Engineering Department (DEQ), Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Industrial de Barcelona (ETSEIB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Av, Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Tay JEF, Kaur S, Tham WW, Gan WY, Ya NNC, Tan CH, Tung SEH. Food security and diet quality among urban poor adolescents in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Nutr Res Pract 2023; 17:269-283. [PMID: 37009138 PMCID: PMC10042706 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.2.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the food security status of urban poor adolescents and its association with diet quality. SUBJECTS/METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 188 adolescents aged 13-18 yrs living in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Household food insecurity and dietary intake data were collected using the Radimer/Cornell hunger and food insecurity instrument and 2-day 24-h dietary recalls, respectively. Diet quality was determined using the Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Weight and height were measured and body mass index-for-age, as well as height-for-age z scores were calculated. RESULTS The present study revealed that 47.9% of the adolescents experienced household food insecurity, 24.5% experienced individual food insecurity, 18.6% household food security, and 9.0% child hunger. The mean score of diet quality was 56.83 ± 10.09, with a significantly lower HEI score among food insecure adolescents (household food insecure, individual food insecure, and child hunger) than household food secure adolescents (P = 0.001). The differences between food secure and food insecure households were found to be significant for energy (P = 0.001) and nutrients including proteins (P = 0.006), carbohydrates (P = 0.005), dietary fiber (P = 0.001), folate (P < 0.001), and vitamin C (P = 0.006). The multiple linear regression showed that adolescents who experienced food insecurity (β = -0.328; P = 0.003) were found to be significantly associated with poor diet quality (F = 2.726; P < 0.01), wherein 13.3% of the variation in the diet quality was explained by the food security status. CONCLUSIONS Experiencing food insecurity contributed to poor diet quality among urban poor adolescents. Further longitudinal studies are needed to comprehensively understand this association to improve food insecurity and diet quality among urban poor communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janice Ee Fang Tay
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Wui Wui Tham
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Wan Ying Gan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Nik Norasma Che Ya
- Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Choon Hui Tan
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Serene En Hui Tung
- Division of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
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Phoong SW, Mahi MA, Phoong SY. A Markov Switching Approach in Assessing Oil Price and Stock Market Nexus in the Last Decade: The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Sage Open 2023; 13:21582440231153855. [PMID: 36852228 PMCID: PMC9944429 DOI: 10.1177/21582440231153855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the oil price and stock market nexus by considering the impact of major economic shocks in the post-global financial crisis (GFC) scenario. Our breakpoint unit root test and Markov switching regression (MRS) analyses using West Texas Intermediate (WTI) oil price and Standard & Poor's 500 (S&P 500) market index show that among the major economic events, the recent coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic is the most significant contributor to market volatilities. Furthermore, our MRS results show that the relationship between oil price and the stock market is regime-dependent; the stock market experiences substantial and positive shocks in a volatile oil price regime. Our results provide valuable insights to investors and policymakers regarding risk management and financial market stability during economic crisis periods, specifically during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Chong JY, Mat Saman MZ, Ngadiman NHA. End-of-life vehicles research development in Malaysia: a comprehensive review with the integrated conceptual model of innovative sustainable manufacturing elements. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 2022; 25:698-716. [PMID: 36532160 PMCID: PMC9734689 DOI: 10.1007/s10163-022-01568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The end-of-life vehicles (ELV) issue has become an essential topic in the fast-growing automotive industry. This study utilizes comprehensive content analysis to critically review the recent ELV research developments and underpinning issues in Malaysia. Fifty relevant ELV studies in Malaysia from the year 2006 to 2021 are selected and categorized based on three innovative sub-elements (product, process, system) of sustainable manufacturing. The literature review findings show that sustainable product recovery and recyclability issues in ELV treatments are still a major concern. Current studies overlook specific research on sustainable and integrated processes for ELV treatment. There is still lack of detailed ELV implementation framework equipped with the documented procedures and appropriate industrial practices in the ELV ecosystem to optimize the ELV supply chain. ELV policy is yet to be enacted in Malaysia, and public awareness of ELV is still low. There is inadequate alignment in ELV research developments with the current National Automotive Policy 2020 in Malaysia. The proposed integrated conceptual model will provide an extensive overview for scholars, policy-makers, and ELV stakeholders to implement appropriate actions to improve present ELV businesses in line with the public readiness to enact the potential ELV directives or legislation in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Yuik Chong
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Group, Frontier Material Research Alliance, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Zameri Mat Saman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Group, Frontier Material Research Alliance, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hasrul Akhmal Ngadiman
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
- Advanced Manufacturing Research Group, Frontier Material Research Alliance, Skudai, 81310 Johor, Malaysia
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Tan SA, Ng SHL, Hoo JJY, Gan SW, Nainee S, Yap CC, Lee LK, Mohd Zaharim N, Goh YS. The pornography use and its addiction among emerging adults in Malaysia: Perceived realism as a mediator. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268724. [PMID: 35594283 PMCID: PMC9122201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Past studies have demonstrated a link between pornography use and addiction to pornography, the underlying mechanism of the association is still unclear. This study intended to examine the mediating role of perceived realism of pornography in the association between pornography use and addiction among emerging adults in Malaysia. This study recruited 222 self-identified pornography users (M age = 21.05; SD Age = 1.68; 75.1% male respondents) via the purposive sampling method. The correlation results indicated positive associations among pornography use, addiction to pornography, and perceived realism of pornography. Further, the perceived realism of pornography significantly mediated the association between pornography use and addiction to pornography after controlling for gender. Thus, this study has provided a fundamental understanding on the perceived realism role of pornography in explaining the association between its use and addiction. Although it is unlikely to stop illegal pornography use, the results pointed out a need to guide emerging adults in pornography use via media literacy programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Aun Tan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
- School of Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Samantha Hui Li Ng
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Juliana Ju Yun Hoo
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Su Wan Gan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sarvarubini Nainee
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Chin Choo Yap
- Department of Psychology, School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Ling Khai Lee
- Department of Languages and Linguistics, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | - Yee Shan Goh
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
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Parvin S, Isa SSPM, Al- Duais FS, Hussain SM, Jamshed W, Safdar R, Eid MR. The flow, thermal and mass properties of Soret-Dufour model of magnetized Maxwell nanofluid flow over a shrinkage inclined surface. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267148. [PMID: 35486644 PMCID: PMC9053785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A mathematical model of 2D-double diffusive layer flow model of boundary in MHD Maxwell fluid created by a sloping slope surface is constructed in this paper. The numerical findings of non-Newtonian fluid are important to the chemical processing industry, mining industry, plastics processing industry, as well as lubrication and biomedical flows. The diversity of regulatory parameters like buoyancy rate, magnetic field, mixed convection, absorption, Brownian motion, thermophoretic diffusion, Deborah number, Lewis number, Prandtl number, Soret number, as well as Dufour number contributes significant impact on the current model. The steps of research methodology are as followed: a) conversion from a separate matrix (PDE) to standard divisive calculations (ODEs), b) Final ODEs are solved in bvp4c program, which developed in MATLAB software, c) The stability analysis part also being developed in bvp4c program, to select the most effective solution in the real liquid state. Lastly, the numerical findings are built on a system of tables and diagrams. As a result, the profiles of velocity, temperature, and concentration are depicted due to the regulatory parameters, as mentioned above. In addition, the characteristics of the local Nusselt, coefficient of skin-friction as well as Sherwood numbers on the Maxwell fluid are described in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahanaz Parvin
- Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Suzilliana Putri Mohamed Isa
- Institute for Mathematical Research, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
| | - Fuad S. Al- Duais
- Mathematics Department, College of Humanities and Science in Aflaj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, AL Aflaj, Saudia Arabia
- Administration Department, Administrative Science College Thamar University, Thamar, Yemen
| | - Syed M. Hussain
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wasim Jamshed
- Department of Mathematics, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Safdar
- Department of Mathematics, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed R. Eid
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, New Valley University, Al-Kharga, Al-Wadi Al-Gadid, Egypt
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Manan FAA, Yusof NA, Abdullah J, Mohammad F, Nurdin A, Yazan LS, Khiste SK, Al-Lohedan HA. Drug Release Profiles of Mitomycin C Encapsulated Quantum Dots-Chitosan Nanocarrier System for the Possible Treatment of Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1379. [PMID: 34575455 PMCID: PMC8469644 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems are an emerging technology for the targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents in cancer therapy with low/no toxicity to the non-cancer cells. With that view, the present work reports the synthesis, characterization, and testing of Mn:ZnS quantum dots (QDs) conjugated chitosan (CS)-based nanocarrier system encapsulated with Mitomycin C (MMC) drug. This fabricated nanocarrier, MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS, has been tested thoroughly for the drug loading capacity, drug encapsulation efficiency, and release properties at a fixed wavelength (358 nm) using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Followed by the physicochemical characterization, the cumulative drug release profiling data of MMC@CS-Mn:ZnS nanocarrier (at pH of 6.5, 6.8, 7.2, and 7.5) were investigated to have the highest release of 56.48% at pH 6.8, followed by 50.22%, 30.88%, and 10.75% at pH 7.2, 6.5, and 7.5, respectively. Additionally, the drug release studies were fitted to five different pharmacokinetic models including pesudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, Higuchi, Hixson-Crowell, and Korsmeyers-Peppas models. From the analysis, the cumulative MMC release suits the Higuchi model well, revealing the diffusion-controlled mechanism involving the correlation of cumulative drug release proportional to the function square root of time at equilibrium, with the correlation coefficient values (R2) of 0.9849, 0.9604, 0.9783, and 0.7989 for drug release at pH 6.5, 6.8, 7.2, and 7.5, respectively. Based on the overall results analysis, the formulated nanocarrier system of MMC synergistically envisages the efficient delivery of chemotherapeutic agents to the target cancerous sites, able to sustain it for a longer time, etc. Consequently, the developed nanocarrier system has the capacity to improve the drug loading efficacy in combating the reoccurrence and progression of cancer in non-muscle invasive bladder diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariza Aina Abd Manan
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.A.A.M.); (J.A.)
| | - Nor Azah Yusof
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.A.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jaafar Abdullah
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (F.A.A.M.); (J.A.)
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faruq Mohammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Armania Nurdin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (L.S.Y.)
| | - Latifah Saiful Yazan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.N.); (L.S.Y.)
| | - Sachin K. Khiste
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Hamad A. Al-Lohedan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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12
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Ramli NF, Kamari NAM, Abd Halim S, Zulkifley MA, Sahri MSM, Musirin I. A Non-Convex Economic Dispatch Problem with Point-Valve Effect Using a Wind-Driven Optimisation Approach. J Electr Eng Technol 2021; 17:85-95. [PMID: 38624623 PMCID: PMC8350280 DOI: 10.1007/s42835-021-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the efficiency of the wind-driven optimisation (WDO) approach in solving non-convex economic dispatch problems with point-valve effect. The best economic dispatch for a power system is one wherein the system can generate energy at a low cost. The calculation of the generating cost is subject to a number of constraints, such as the power demand for the entire system and the generation limit for each generator unit in the system. In addition, the system should also produce low power loss. The WDO optimisation technique is developed based on the concept of natural wind movement, which serves as a stabiliser to equalise the inequality of air pressure in the atmosphere. One major advantage of WDO over other techniques is its search accuracy. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in two systems, namely, the 10-generator and 40-generator systems. Both systems were tested in a Matlab environment. To highlight the capabilities of WDO, the results using this proposed technique are compared with the results obtained using flower pollination algorithm, moth flame optimisation, particle swarm optimisation and evolutionary programming techniques to determine the efficiency of the proposed approach in solving economic dispatch. The simulation results show the capability of WDO in determining the optimal power generation value with minimum generation cost and low rate of power loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fariza Ramli
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Nor Azwan Mohamed Kamari
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
- Institute of IR4.0, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Syahirah Abd Halim
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Mohd Saiful Mohd Sahri
- Japan University Programme, Malaysia France Institute, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Bangi, Selangor Malaysia
| | - Ismail Musirin
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia
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Ariffin EY, Zakariah EI, Ruslin F, Kassim M, Yamin BM, Heng LY, Hasbullah SA. Hexaferrocenium tri[hexa(isothiocyanato)iron(III)] trihydroxonium complex as a new DNA intercalator for electrochemical DNA biosensor. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7883. [PMID: 33846405 PMCID: PMC8041802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene or ferrocenium has been widely studied in the field of organometallic complexes because of its stable thermodynamic, kinetic and redox properties. Novel hexaferrocenium tri[hexa(isothiocyanato)iron(III)]trihydroxonium (HexaFc) complex was the product from the reaction of ferrocene, maleic acid and ammonium thiocyanate and was confirmed by elemental analysis CHNS, FTIR and single crystal X-ray crystallography. In this study, HexaFc was used for the first time as an electroactive indicator for porcine DNA biosensor. The UV-Vis DNA titrations with this compound showed hypochromism and redshift at 250 nm with increasing DNA concentrations. The binding constant (Kb) for HexaFc complex towards CT-DNA (calf-thymus DNA) was 3.1 × 104 M-1, indicated intercalator behaviour of the complex. To test the usefulness of this complex for DNA biosensor application, a porcine DNA biosensor was constructed. The recognition probes were covalently immobilised onto silica nanospheres (SiNSs) via glutaraldehyde linker on a screen-printed electrode (SPE). After intercalation with the HexaFc complex, the response of the biosensor to the complementary porcine DNA was measured using differential pulse voltammetry. The DNA biosensor demonstrated a linear response range to the complementary porcine DNA from 1 × 10-6 to 1 × 10-3 µM (R2 = 0.9642) with a limit detection of 4.83 × 10-8 µM and the response was stable up to 23 days of storage at 4 °C with 86% of its initial response. The results indicated that HexaFc complex is a feasible indicator for the DNA hybridisation without the use of a chemical label for the detection of porcine DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Yuhana Ariffin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Emma Izzati Zakariah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ruslin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Kassim
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Bohari M Yamin
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Lee Yook Heng
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Shamsi S, Alagan AA, Sarchio SNE, Md Yasin F. Synthesis, Characterization, and Toxicity Assessment of Pluronic F127-Functionalized Graphene Oxide on the Embryonic Development of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8311-8329. [PMID: 33149578 PMCID: PMC7604977 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s271159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the current literature, there are ongoing debates on the toxicity of graphene oxide (GO) that demonstrate contradictory findings regarding its toxicity profile. As a potential drug carrier, these findings are very concerning due to the safety concerns in humans, as well as the dramatic rise of GO being excreted into the environment. Therefore, there is an imperative need to mitigate the potential toxicity of GO to allow for a safer application in the future. PURPOSE The present study aims to address this issue by functionalizing GO with Pluronic F127 (PF) as a means to mitigate toxicity and resolve the biocompatibility of GO. Although results from previous studies generally indicated that Pluronic functionalized GO exhibits relatively low toxicity to living organisms, reports that emphasize on its toxicity, particularly during embryonic developmental stage, are still scarce. METHODS In the present study, two different sizes of native GO samples, GO and NanoGO, as well as PF-functionalized GO, GO-PF and NanoGO-PF, were prepared and characterized using DLS, UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, FTIR, and FESEM analyses. Toxicological assessment of all GO samples (0-100 µg/mL) on zebrafish embryonic developmental stages (survival, hatching and heart rates, and morphological changes) was recorded daily for up to 96 hours post-fertilization (hpf). RESULTS The toxicity effects of each GO sample were observed to be higher at increasing concentrations and upon prolonged exposure. NanoGO demonstrated lower toxicity effects compared to GO. GO-PF and NanoGO-PF were also found to have lower toxicity effects compared to native GO samples. GO-PF showed the lowest toxicity response on zebrafish embryo. CONCLUSION These findings highlight that toxicity is dependent on the concentration, size, and exposure period of GO. Functionalization of GO with PF through surface coating could potentially mitigate the toxicity effects of GO in embryonic developmental stages, but further investigation is warranted for broader future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhaili Shamsi
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Addison Alvin Alagan
- Laboratory of Animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Seri Narti Edayu Sarchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
| | - Faizah Md Yasin
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
- Institute of Advanced Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor43400, Malaysia
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15
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Ng BC, Kleinheyer M, Smith PA, Timms D, Cohn WE, Lim E. Pulsatile operation of a continuous-flow right ventricular assist device (RVAD) to improve vascular pulsatility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195975. [PMID: 29677212 PMCID: PMC5909905 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the widespread acceptance of rotary blood pump (RBP) in clinical use over the past decades, the diminished flow pulsatility generated by a fixed speed RBP has been regarded as a potential factor that may lead to adverse events such as vasculature stiffening and hemorrhagic strokes. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of generating physiological pulse pressure in the pulmonary circulation by modulating the speed of a right ventricular assist device (RVAD) in a mock circulation loop. A rectangular pulse profile with predetermined pulse width has been implemented as the pump speed pattern with two different phase shifts (0% and 50%) with respect to the ventricular contraction. In addition, the performance of the speed modulation strategy has been assessed under different cardiovascular states, including variation in ventricular contractility and pulmonary arterial compliance. Our results indicated that the proposed pulse profile with optimised parameters (Apulse = 10000 rpm and ωmin = 3000 rpm) was able to generate pulmonary arterial pulse pressure within the physiological range (9–15 mmHg) while avoiding undesirable pump backflow under both co- and counter-pulsation modes. As compared to co-pulsation, stroke work was reduced by over 44% under counter-pulsation, suggesting that mechanical workload of the right ventricle can be efficiently mitigated through counter-pulsing the pump speed. Furthermore, our results showed that improved ventricular contractility could potentially lead to higher risk of ventricular suction and pump backflow, while stiffening of the pulmonary artery resulted in increased pulse pressure. In conclusion, the proposed speed modulation strategy produces pulsatile hemodynamics, which is more physiologic than continuous blood flow. The findings also provide valuable insight into the interaction between RVAD speed modulation and the pulmonary circulation under various cardiovascular states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boon C. Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Peter A. Smith
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daniel Timms
- BiVACOR, Inc, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - William E. Cohn
- Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Einly Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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16
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Shakib MN, Moghavvemi M, Mahadi WNL. Optimization of Planar Monopole Wideband Antenna for Wireless Communication System. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168013. [PMID: 27992466 PMCID: PMC5161350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a new compact wideband monopole antenna is presented for wireless communication applications. This antenna comprises of a new radiating patch, a new arc-shaped strip, microstrip feed line, and a notched ground plane. The proposed radiating patch is combined with a rectangular and semi-circular patch and is integrated with a partial ground plane to provide a wide impedance bandwidth. The new arc-shaped strip between the radiating patch and microstrip feed line creates an extra surface on the patch, which helps further widen the bandwidth. Inserting one step notch on the ground plane further enhances the bandwidth. The antenna has a compact size of 16×20×1.6mm3. The measured result indicated that the antenna achieves a 127% bandwidth at VSWR≤2, ranging from 4.9GHz to 22.1GHz. Stable radiation patterns with acceptable gain are achieved. Also, a measured bandwidth of 107.7% at VSWR≤1.5 (5.1-17GHz) is obtained, which is suitable for UWB outdoor propagation. This antenna is compatible with a good number of wireless standards, including UWB band, Wimax 5.4 GHz band, MVDDS (12.2-12.7GHz), and close range radar and satellite communication in the X-band (8-12GHz), and Ku band (12-18GHz).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nazmus Shakib
- Centre of Research in Applied Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahmoud Moghavvemi
- Centre of Research in Applied Electronics, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail:
| | - Wan Nor Liza Mahadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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17
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Leong KH, Looi CY, Loong XM, Cheah FK, Supratman U, Litaudon M, Mustafa MR, Awang K. Cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one, a New Cycloartane Isolated from Leaves of Aglaia exima Triggers Tumour Necrosis Factor-Receptor 1-Mediated Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis in Colon Cancer Cell Line. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152652. [PMID: 27070314 PMCID: PMC4829234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants in the Meliaceae family are known to possess interesting biological activities, such as antimalaral, antihypertensive and antitumour activities. Previously, our group reported the plant-derived compound cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one isolated from the hexane extracts of Aglaia exima leaves, which shows cytotoxicity towards various cancer cell lines, in particular, colon cancer cell lines. In this report, we further demonstrate that cycloart-24-ene-26-ol-3-one, from here forth known as cycloartane, reduces the viability of the colon cancer cell lines HT-29 and CaCO-2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Further elucidation of the compound’s mechanism showed that it binds to tumour necrosis factor-receptor 1 (TNF-R1) leading to the initiation of caspase-8 and, through the activation of Bid, in the activation of caspase-9. This activity causes a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the release of cytochrome-C. The activation of caspase-8 and -9 both act to commit the cancer cells to apoptosis through downstream caspase-3/7 activation, PARP cleavage and the lack of NFkB translocation into the nucleus. A molecular docking study showed that the cycloartane binds to the receptor through a hydrophobic interaction with cysteine-96 and hydrogen bonds with lysine-75 and -132. The results show that further development of the cycloartane as an anti-cancer drug is worthwhile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok Hoong Leong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Center for Natural Product and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chung Yeng Looi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xe-Min Loong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Foo Kit Cheah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor, Indonesia
| | - Marc Litaudon
- Centre de Recherche de Gif, Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS 1, Avenue de la Terrasse, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Center for Natural Product and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Center for Natural Product and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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