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Stolley JM, Johnston TS, Soerens AG, Beura LK, Rosato PC, Joag V, Wijeyesinghe SP, Langlois RA, Osum KC, Mitchell JS, Masopust D. Retrograde migration supplies resident memory T cells to lung-draining LN after influenza infection. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151876. [PMID: 32568362 PMCID: PMC7398169 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20192197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous observations indicate that resident memory T cells (TRM) undergo unusually rapid attrition within the lung. Here we demonstrate that contraction of lung CD8+ T cell responses after influenza infection is contemporized with egress of CD69+/CD103+ CD8+ T cells to the draining mediastinal LN via the lymphatic vessels, which we term retrograde migration. Cells within the draining LN retained canonical markers of lung TRM, including CD103 and CD69, lacked Ly6C expression (also a feature of lung TRM), maintained granzyme B expression, and did not equilibrate among immunized parabiotic mice. Investigations of bystander infection or removal of the TCR from established memory cells revealed that the induction of the TRM phenotype was dependent on antigen recognition; however, maintenance was independent. Thus, local lung infection induces CD8+ T cells with a TRM phenotype that nevertheless undergo retrograde migration, yet remain durably committed to the residency program within the draining LN, where they provide longer-lived regional memory while chronicling previous upstream antigen experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Michael Stolley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Timothy S Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Andrew G Soerens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lalit K Beura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Pamela C Rosato
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Vineet Joag
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Sathi P Wijeyesinghe
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Ryan A Langlois
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Kevin C Osum
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jason S Mitchell
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - David Masopust
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Quarnstrom CF, Fonseca R, Beura LK, Ghoneim HE, Fan Y, Zebley CC, Scott MC, Fares-Frederickson NJ, Wijeyesinghe SP, Thompson EA, da Silva HB, Vezys V, Youngblood BA, Masopust D. Developmental plasticity allows outside-in immune responses by resident memory T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.81.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Central memory T (TCM) cells patrol lymph nodes and perform conventional memory responses upon re-stimulation: proliferation, migration, and differentiation into diverse T cell subsets while also self-renewing. Resident memory T (TRM) cells are parked within single organs, share properties with terminal effectors, and contribute to rapid host protection. We observed that reactivated TRM cells rejoined the circulating pool. Epigenetic analyses revealed that TRM cells align closely with conventional memory T cell populations, bearing little resemblance to recently activated effectors. Fully differentiated TRM cells isolated from small intestine epithelium exhibited the potential to differentiate into TCM, TEM, and TRM cells upon recall. Ex-TRM cells, former intestinal TRM that rejoined the circulating pool, heritably maintained a predilection for homing back to their tissue of origin upon subsequent reactivation and a heightened capacity to re-differentiate into TRM cells. Thus, TRM cells can rejoin the circulation but are advantaged to re-form local TRM when called upon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare F Quarnstrom
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Raissa Fonseca
- 2The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Univ. Melbourne
| | - Lalit K Beura
- 3Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
| | | | | | | | - Milcah C Scott
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Sathi P Wijeyesinghe
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Emily A Thompson
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Vaiva Vezys
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - David Masopust
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
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Rosato P, Wijeyesinghe SP, Ning J, Gavil NV, Wu S, Chen C, Vezys V, Masopust D. Harnessing antiviral memory T cells for tumor immunotherapy. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.246.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Overcoming the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment remains a major impediment to successful cancer immunotherapy. Virus-specific memory T cells are positioned throughout the entire body to sense reinfection or recrudescence. Mouse models have demonstrated upon reencountering cognate antigen, these tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) induce a local immunostimulatory environment that activates and recruits innate and adaptive arms of the immune system, and we extend these functions to include recruitment of circulating antibody. Like healthy tissue, we observe that mouse and human tumors are commonly surveyed by virus-specific memory CD8+ T cells. This was seen in a range of tumor types including traditionally ‘immune-privilege’ tissues such as glioblastoma. Given the described immunostimualtory functions of antiviral TRM in healthy tissue, we tested if we could leverage antiviral CD8+ T cells in tumors as an immunotherapy. Local delivery of adjuvant-free peptide derived from previously encountered viruses successfully reactivated antiviral T cells within melanoma and glioblastoma tumors. This arrested growth of checkpoint blockade-resistant and poorly immunogenic tumors in mice. Antiviral T cell reactivation triggered antigen presentation and cytotoxic pathways within the tumor, activating T cells, dendritic cells and natural killer cells. Viral peptide treatment of ex vivo human tumors demonstrated upregulation of immune activation gene expression profiles similar to those observed in mice. Lastly, viral peptide therapy renders resistant mouse tumors susceptible to PD-L1 blockade. Thus, re-stimulating known antiviral immunity may provide a novel therapeutic approach for a broad range of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rosato
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Sathi P Wijeyesinghe
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Noah Veis Gavil
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | | | | | - Vaiva Vezys
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - David Masopust
- 1Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
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Beura LK, Pierson MJ, Wijeyesinghe SP, Scott MC, Semler MR, Quarnstrom C, Hart SH, O’Connor D, Estes JD, Vezys V, Masopust D. Pet shop mice are infected with a novel lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus strain that sustains an abundance of stem-like PD-1+ CD8 T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.95.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) is a natural mouse pathogen. LCMV Armstrong, an acutely resolved strain, and LCMV Clone13, a mutant that establishes chronic infection, have provided contrasting infection models that continue to inform the fundamental biology of T cell differentiation, regulation of exhaustion, and response to checkpoint blockade. Here, we describe LCMV Minnesota (LCMV-MN), which was transmitted to laboratory mice upon cohousing with pet shop mice and shares 80–95% amino acid homology with previously characterized LCMV strains. Infection of laboratory mice with purified LCMV-MN resulted in widely disseminated viral replication and viremia that was controlled within 15–30 days; which is of intermediate duration between LCMV Armstrong and Clone13. The magnitude of the LCMV-MN specific CD8+ T cell was maintained at much higher levels than that observed after LCMV Armstrong or Clone13 infections. LCMV-MN responding CD8+ T cells were further associated with significantly biased differentiation towards the recently described PD1+ CXCR5+ Tim-3lo stem-like CD8+ T cell population that was previously shown to be largely responsible for responsiveness to PD-1 inhibitory checkpoint blockade. In contrast to LCMV Clone13-induced responses, this subset persisted after resolution of LCMV-MN viremia, yet transcriptionally, phenotypically and functionally resembled PD1+ TCF1+ stem-like CD8+ T cells maintained by LCMV Clone13 infection. Together with existing models, LCMV-MN may contribute to a better understanding of the breadth of immune response in different chronic infections or tumor settings as well as the regulation of responsiveness to PD-1 blockade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit K Beura
- 1Dept. of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Mark J Pierson
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Sathi P Wijeyesinghe
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Milcah C Scott
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Mathew R Semler
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Clare Quarnstrom
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - Sara Hamilton Hart
- 4Dept. of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - David O’Connor
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Vaiva Vezys
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
| | - David Masopust
- 2Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota
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