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Borden EA, Furey M, Gattone NJ, Hambardikar VD, Liang XH, Scoma ER, Abou Samra A, D-Gary LR, Dennis DJ, Fricker D, Garcia C, Jiang Z, Khan SA, Kumarasamy D, Kuppala H, Ringrose S, Rosenheim EJ, Van Exel K, Vudhayagiri HS, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Guitart-Mampel M, Urquiza P, Solesio ME. Is there a link between inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), mitochondria, and neurodegeneration? Pharmacol Res 2021; 163:105211. [PMID: 33010423 PMCID: PMC7855267 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction - including increased apoptosis, calcium and protein dyshomeostasis within the organelle, and dysfunctional bioenergetics and oxidative status - is a common, early feature in all the major neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, the exact molecular mechanisms that drive the organelle to dysfunction and ultimately to failure in these conditions are still not well described. Different authors have shown that inorganic polyphosphate (polyP), an ancient and well-conserved molecule, plays a key role in the regulation of mitochondrial physiology under basal conditions. PolyP, which is present in all studied organisms, is composed of chains of orthophosphates linked together by highly energetic phosphoanhydride bonds, similar to those found in ATP. This polymer shows a ubiquitous distribution, even if a high co-localization with mitochondria has been reported. It has been proposed that polyP might be an alternative to ATP for cellular energy storage in different organisms, as well as the implication of polyP in the regulation of many of the mitochondrial processes affected in AD and PD, including protein and calcium homeostasis. Here, we conduct a comprehensive review and discussion of the bibliography available regarding the role of polyP in the mitochondrial dysfunction present in AD and PD. Taking into account the data presented in this review, we postulate that polyP could be a valid, innovative and, plausible pharmacological target against mitochondrial dysfunction in AD and PD. However, further research should be conducted to better understand the exact role of polyP in neurodegeneration, as well as the metabolism of the polymer, and the effect of different lengths of polyP on cellular and mitochondrial physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily A Borden
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Matthew Furey
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Nicholas J Gattone
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Xiao Hua Liang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Ernest R Scoma
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Antonella Abou Samra
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - LaKeshia R D-Gary
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Dayshaun J Dennis
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Daniel Fricker
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Cindy Garcia
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - ZeCheng Jiang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Shariq A Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Hasmitha Kuppala
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Savannah Ringrose
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Evan J Rosenheim
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Kimberly Van Exel
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Jiarui Zhang
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Zhaowen Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | | | - Pedro Urquiza
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA
| | - Maria E Solesio
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University, NJ, USA; Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Rutgers University, NJ, USA.
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Ringrose S, Chipanshi AC, Matheson W, Chanda R, Motoma L, Magole I, Jellema A. Climate- and human-induced woody vegetation changes in Botswana and their implications for human adaptation. Environ Manage 2002; 30:98-109. [PMID: 12053244 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-002-2486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
For purposes of suggesting adaptive and policy options regarding the sustained use of forestry resources in Botswana, an analysis of the whole countrywide satellite data (showing the mean present distribution of vegetation in terms of species abundance and over all density) and the projection of vegetation cover changes using a simulation approach under different climatic scenarios were undertaken. The analysis revealed that changes in vegetation cover types due to human and natural causes have taken place since the first vegetation map was produced in 1971. In the southwest, the changes appear to be more towards an increasing prevalence of thorn trees; in the eastern part of the country where widespread bush encroachment is taking place, the higher population density suggests more human induced (agrarian-degradation) effects, while in the sparsely settled central Kalahari region, changes from tree savanna to shrubs may be indicative of the possible influence of climate with the associated effects of fires and local adaptations. Projection of future vegetation changes to about 2050 indicates degeneration of the major vegetation types due to the expected drying. Based on the projected changes in vegetation, current adaptive and policy arrangements are not adequate and as such a shift from the traditional adaptive approaches to community-based types is suggested. Defining forestry management units and adopting different management plans for the main vegetation stands that are found in Botswana are the major policy options.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ringrose
- Harry Oppenheimer Okavango Research Centre, Private Bag 285, Maun, Botswana.
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Moleele NM, Ringrose S, Matheson W, Vanderpost C. More woody plants? The status of bush encroachment in Botswana's grazing areas. J Environ Manage 2002; 64:3-11. [PMID: 11876072 DOI: 10.1006/jema.2001.0486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Foci points, which are currently intensified by increased anthropogenic activities, have resulted in vegetation changes in the cattle-dominated grazing areas of Botswana. Bush encroachment species--for instance Acacia tortilis, A. erubescens, A. mellifera, Dichrostachys cinerea, Grewia flava, and Terminalia sericea--are increasing in cover and density around foci points (e.g. water points and kraals) at the expense of the grass cover. A number of factors have the effect of encouraging the germination and survival of bush encroachment species. The practice of cattle husbandry and continual shifting of foci points within grazing areas have resulted in the spread of the distribution of bush encroachment species across the country. This is evidenced by the potential extent of 37,000 km2 (6.4% of Botswana) of darkened and near infrared (NIR) reflective bush encroached areas in 1994. This paper suggests that specific management strategies should be adopted to help overcome the bush encroachment problem, which is causing a significant reduction in the extent of Botswana's high quality rangeland. These strategies may vary from the enforced reduction of grazing intensity in areas identified as being heavily bush encroached to the selective management of opportunistic (communal) grazing in better quality predominantly grassland areas. Further work is however required to update this analysis and especially to consider trends since 1994-1995. While some work on the extent of woody cover and the further causes of bush encroachment is being undertaken under the SAFARI2000 project, more research is needed in specific areas to pinpoint causes and responses to the bush encroachment problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Moleele
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
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Ringrose S, Chanda R, Nkambwe M, Sefe F. Environmental Change in the Mid-Boteti Area of North-Central Botswana: Biophysical Processes.and Human Perceptions. Environ Manage 1996; 20:397-410. [PMID: 8661610 DOI: 10.1007/bf01203847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Increased interest in environmental change issues has led researchers to consider more integrated approaches to change dynamics. This paper examines change in terms of land degradation in north-central Botswana from both biophysical and human perspectives. Although seasonal and periodic droughts were prevalent, analysis of rainfall data over the past 70 years revealed no downward trend. However, indicators of declining productivity such as soil erosion, loss of vegetation cover, and a declining groundwater table were amply evident. The GIS analysis of remotely sensed data has shown that complete vegetation recovery after drought is not taking place, particularly in the south-central part of the study area. These areas contained the highest human and livestock population densities. The local people acknowledged facing increasing resource depletion and indicated drought as the main cause. Pressures on available resources, particularly during drought periods, appeared to have impeded the regenerative capacity of the natural vegetation cover, thereby inducing land degradation. This situation may not easily be rectified because of widespread poverty and inappropriate local perceptions of the solutions. Both of these hinder the adoption of sustainable land management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ringrose
- Department of Environmental, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana
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