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Younce JR, Cascella RH, Berman BD, Jinnah HA, Bellows S, Feuerstein J, Wagle Shukla A, Mahajan A, Chang FCF, Duque KR, Reich S, Richardson SP, Deik A, Stover N, Luna JM, Norris SA. Anatomical categorization of isolated non-focal dystonia: novel and existing patterns using a data-driven approach. Dystonia 2023; 2:11305. [PMID: 37920445 PMCID: PMC10621194 DOI: 10.3389/dyst.2023.11305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
According to expert consensus, dystonia can be classified as focal, segmental, multifocal, and generalized, based on the affected body distribution. To provide an empirical and data-driven approach to categorizing these distributions, we used a data-driven clustering approach to compare frequency and co-occurrence rates of non-focal dystonia in pre-defined body regions using the Dystonia Coalition (DC) dataset. We analyzed 1,618 participants with isolated non-focal dystonia from the DC database. The analytic approach included construction of frequency tables, variable-wise analysis using hierarchical clustering and independent component analysis (ICA), and case-wise consensus hierarchical clustering to describe associations and clusters for dystonia affecting any combination of eighteen pre-defined body regions. Variable-wise hierarchical clustering demonstrated closest relationships between bilateral upper legs (distance = 0.40), upper and lower face (distance = 0.45), bilateral hands (distance = 0.53), and bilateral feet (distance = 0.53). ICA demonstrated clear grouping for the a) bilateral hands, b) neck, and c) upper and lower face. Case-wise consensus hierarchical clustering at k = 9 identified 3 major clusters. Major clusters consisted primarily of a) cervical dystonia with nearby regions, b) bilateral hand dystonia, and c) cranial dystonia. Our data-driven approach in a large dataset of isolated non-focal dystonia reinforces common segmental patterns in cranial and cervical regions. We observed unexpectedly strong associations between bilateral upper or lower limbs, which suggests that symmetric multifocal patterns may represent a previously underrecognized dystonia subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. R. Younce
- Department of Neurology and Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - R. H. Cascella
- School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - B. D. Berman
- Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - H. A. Jinnah
- Department of Neurology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - S Bellows
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - J. Feuerstein
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - A. Wagle Shukla
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - A. Mahajan
- Rush Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Program, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - F. C. F. Chang
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Westmead Hospital & Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - K. R. Duque
- James J. and Joan A. Gardner Family Center for Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - S. Reich
- Department of Neurology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - S. Pirio Richardson
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico and New Mexico VA Healthcare System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - A. Deik
- Parkinson Disease and Movement Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N. Stover
- Department of Neurology, Heersink School of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - J. M. Luna
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - S. A. Norris
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Chudnoff S, Basinski C, Brenner A, Akin M, Reich S, Sebestyen C. Reduction in Dysmenorrhea after the Minitouch Office Endometrial Ablation Procedure. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.09.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chudnoff S, Basinski C, Brenner A, Akin M, Reich S, Sebestyen C. The Minitouch Office Endometrial Ablation Procedure: Results from a Prospective, Multicenter, Pivotal Clinical Trial. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2022.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fazal S, Danzi MC, van Kuilenburg ABP, Reich S, Traschütz A, Bender B, Leen R, Toro C, Usdin K, Hayward B, Adams DR, van Karnebeek CDM, Ferreira CR, D’Sousa P, Network UD, Tekin M, Züchner S, Synofzik M. Repeat expansions nested within tandem CNVs: a unique structural change in GLS exemplifies the diagnostic challenges of non-coding pathogenic variation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 32:46-54. [PMID: 35913761 PMCID: PMC9837832 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutaminase deficiency has recently been associated with ataxia and developmental delay due to repeat expansions in the 5'UTR of the glutaminase (GLS) gene. Patients with the described GLS repeat expansion may indeed remain undiagnosed due to the rarity of this variant, the challenge of its detection and the recency of its discovery. In this study, we combined advanced bioinformatics screening of ~3000 genomes and ~1500 exomes with optical genome mapping and long-read sequencing for confirmation studies. We identified two GLS families, previously intensely and unsuccessfully analyzed. One family carries an unusual and complex structural change involving a homozygous repeat expansion nested within a quadruplication event in the 5'UTR of GLS. Glutaminase deficiency and its metabolic consequences were validated by in-depth biochemical analysis. The identified GLS patients showed progressive early-onset ataxia, cognitive deficits, pyramidal tract damage and optic atrophy, thus demonstrating susceptibility of several specific neuron populations to glutaminase deficiency. This large-scale screening study demonstrates the ability of bioinformatics analysis-validated by latest state-of-the-art technologies (optical genome mapping and long-read sequencing)-to effectively flag complex repeat expansions using short-read datasets and thus facilitate diagnosis of ultra-rare disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Fazal
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Matt C Danzi
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - André B P van Kuilenburg
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Selina Reich
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Andreas Traschütz
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostics and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - René Leen
- Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camilo Toro
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Karen Usdin
- Gene Structure and Disease Section, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bruce Hayward
- Gene Structure and Disease Section, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David R Adams
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clara D M van Karnebeek
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pediatrics, Emma Center for Personalized Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands,United for Metabolic Diseases, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos R Ferreira
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Precilla D’Sousa
- NIH Undiagnosed Diseases Program, Common Fund, Office of the Director, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Mustafa Tekin
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +1 3052432281;
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research (HIH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen 72076, Germany
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5
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Wilke C, Reich S, van Swieten JC, Borroni B, Sanchez-Valle R, Moreno F, Laforce R, Graff C, Galimberti D, Rowe JB, Masellis M, Tartaglia MC, Finger E, Vandenberghe R, de Mendonça A, Tagliavini F, Santana I, Ducharme S, Butler CR, Gerhard A, Levin J, Danek A, Otto M, Frisoni G, Ghidoni R, Sorbi S, Bocchetta M, Todd E, Kuhle J, Barro C, Rohrer JD, Synofzik M. Stratifying the Presymptomatic Phase of Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia by Serum NfL and pNfH: A Longitudinal Multicentre Study. Ann Neurol 2021; 91:33-47. [PMID: 34743360 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although the presymptomatic stages of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) provide a unique chance to delay or even prevent neurodegeneration by early intervention, they remain poorly defined. Leveraging a large multicenter cohort of genetic FTD mutation carriers, we provide a biomarker-based stratification and biomarker cascade of the likely most treatment-relevant stage within the presymptomatic phase: the conversion stage. METHODS We longitudinally assessed serum levels of neurofilament light (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH) in the Genetic FTD Initiative (GENFI) cohort (n = 444), using single-molecule array technique. Subjects comprised 91 symptomatic and 179 presymptomatic subjects with mutations in the FTD genes C9orf72, GRN, or MAPT, and 174 mutation-negative within-family controls. RESULTS In a biomarker cascade, NfL increase preceded the hypothetical clinical onset by 15 years and concurred with brain atrophy onset, whereas pNfH increase started close to clinical onset. The conversion stage was marked by increased NfL, but still normal pNfH levels, while both were increased at the symptomatic stage. Intra-individual change rates were increased for NfL at the conversion stage and for pNfH at the symptomatic stage, highlighting their respective potential as stage-dependent dynamic biomarkers within the biomarker cascade. Increased NfL levels and NfL change rates allowed identification of presymptomatic subjects converting to symptomatic disease and capture of proximity-to-onset. We estimate stage-dependent sample sizes for trials aiming to decrease neurofilament levels or change rates. INTERPRETATION Blood NfL and pNfH provide dynamic stage-dependent stratification and, potentially, treatment response biomarkers in presymptomatic FTD, allowing demarcation of the conversion stage. The proposed biomarker cascade might pave the way towards a biomarker-based precision medicine approach to genetic FTD. ANN NEUROL 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Wilke
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Reich
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Borroni
- Centre for Neurodegenerative Disorders, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raquel Sanchez-Valle
- Alzheimer's disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacións Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fermin Moreno
- Cognitive Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain.,Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Robert Laforce
- Clinique Interdisciplinaire de Mémoire, Département des Sciences Neurologiques, CHU de Québec, and Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Caroline Graff
- Center for Alzheimer Research, Division of Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Bioclinicum, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden.,Unit for Hereditary Dementias, Theme Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - Daniela Galimberti
- Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,University of Milan, Centro Dino Ferrari, Milan, Italy
| | - James B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mario Masellis
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Maria C Tartaglia
- Tanz Centre for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Finger
- Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Rik Vandenberghe
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Neurology Service, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | | | - Isabel Santana
- University Hospital of Coimbra (HUC), Neurology Service, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Simon Ducharme
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada.,McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chris R Butler
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Gerhard
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Medicine, Biology and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.,Departments of Geriatric Medicine and Nuclear Medicine, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin
- Neurologische Klinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Danek
- Neurologische Klinik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Otto
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Giovanni Frisoni
- Instituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Ghidoni
- Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Florence, Italy
| | - Martina Bocchetta
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Emily Todd
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jens Kuhle
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Barro
- Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, MS Center and Research Center for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience Basel (RC2NB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Jonathan D Rohrer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Dementia Research Centre, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Division Translational Genomics of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
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Traschütz A, Reich S, Adarmes AD, Anheim M, Ashrafi MR, Baets J, Basak AN, Bertini E, Brais B, Gagnon C, Gburek-Augustat J, Hanagasi HA, Heinzmann A, Horvath R, de Jonghe P, Kamm C, Klivenyi P, Klopstock T, Minnerop M, Münchau A, Renaud M, Roxburgh RH, Santorelli FM, Schirinzi T, Sival DA, Timmann D, Vielhaber S, Wallner M, van de Warrenburg BP, Zanni G, Zuchner S, Klockgether T, Schüle R, Schöls L, Synofzik M. The ARCA Registry: A Collaborative Global Platform for Advancing Trial Readiness in Autosomal Recessive Cerebellar Ataxias. Front Neurol 2021; 12:677551. [PMID: 34248822 PMCID: PMC8267795 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.677551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias (ARCAs) form an ultrarare yet expanding group of neurodegenerative multisystemic diseases affecting the cerebellum and other neurological or non-neurological systems. With the advent of targeted therapies for ARCAs, disease registries have become a precious source of real-world quantitative and qualitative data complementing knowledge from preclinical studies and clinical trials. Here, we review the ARCA Registry, a global collaborative multicenter platform (>15 countries, >30 sites) with the overarching goal to advance trial readiness in ARCAs. It presents a good clinical practice (GCP)- and general data protection regulation (GDPR)-compliant professional-reported registry for multicenter web-based capture of cross-center standardized longitudinal data. Modular electronic case report forms (eCRFs) with core, extended, and optional datasets allow data capture tailored to the participating site's variable interests and resources. The eCRFs cover all key data elements required by regulatory authorities [European Medicines Agency (EMA)] and the European Rare Disease (ERD) platform. They capture genotype, phenotype, and progression and include demographic data, biomarkers, comorbidity, medication, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and longitudinal clinician- or patient-reported ratings of ataxia severity, non-ataxia features, disease stage, activities of daily living, and (mental) health status. Moreover, they are aligned to major autosomal-dominant spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) and sporadic ataxia (SPORTAX) registries in the field, thus allowing for joint and comparative analyses not only across ARCAs but also with SCAs and sporadic ataxias. The registry is at the core of a systematic multi-component ARCA database cluster with a linked biobank and an evolving study database for digital outcome measures. Currently, the registry contains more than 800 patients with almost 1,500 visits representing all ages and disease stages; 65% of patients with established genetic diagnoses capture all the main ARCA genes, and 35% with unsolved diagnoses are targets for advanced next-generation sequencing. The ARCA Registry serves as the backbone of many major European and transatlantic consortia, such as PREPARE, PROSPAX, and the Ataxia Global Initiative, with additional data input from SPORTAX. It has thus become the largest global trial-readiness registry in the ARCA field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Traschütz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Astrid D. Adarmes
- Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Mahmoud Reza Ashrafi
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ataxia Clinic, Growth and Development Research Center, Children's Medical Center, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - A. Nazli Basak
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, Suna and Inan Kiraç Foundation, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bernard Brais
- Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Cynthia Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche Charles-Le Moyne-Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean sur les Innovations en Santé, Sherbrooke University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Janina Gburek-Augustat
- Division of Neuropaediatrics, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hasmet A. Hanagasi
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAntwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Christoph Kamm
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Peter Klivenyi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, Interdisciplinary Excellence Centre, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Martina Minnerop
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Center for Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alexander Münchau
- Neurogenetics, Institute of Systems Motor Science, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mathilde Renaud
- Service de Génétique Clinique, CHRU de Nancy, Nancy, France
- INSERM-U1256 NGERE, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Richard H. Roxburgh
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre of Brain Research Neurogenetics Research Clinic, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah A. Sival
- Department of Pediatrics, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan Vielhaber
- Department of Neurology, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Within the Helmholtz Association, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Bart P. van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Collier JJ, Guissart C, Oláhová M, Sasorith S, Piron-Prunier F, Suomi F, Zhang D, Martinez-Lopez N, Leboucq N, Bahr A, Azzarello-Burri S, Reich S, Schöls L, Polvikoski TM, Meyer P, Larrieu L, Schaefer AM, Alsaif HS, Alyamani S, Zuchner S, Barbosa IA, Deshpande C, Pyle A, Rauch A, Synofzik M, Alkuraya FS, Rivier F, Ryten M, McFarland R, Delahodde A, McWilliams TG, Koenig M, Taylor RW. Developmental Consequences of Defective ATG7-Mediated Autophagy in Humans. N Engl J Med 2021; 384:2406-2417. [PMID: 34161705 PMCID: PMC7611730 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1915722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is the major intracellular degradation route in mammalian cells. Systemic ablation of core autophagy-related (ATG) genes in mice leads to embryonic or perinatal lethality, and conditional models show neurodegeneration. Impaired autophagy has been associated with a range of complex human diseases, yet congenital autophagy disorders are rare. METHODS We performed a genetic, clinical, and neuroimaging analysis involving five families. Mechanistic investigations were conducted with the use of patient-derived fibroblasts, skeletal muscle-biopsy specimens, mouse embryonic fibroblasts, and yeast. RESULTS We found deleterious, recessive variants in human ATG7, a core autophagy-related gene encoding a protein that is indispensable to classical degradative autophagy. Twelve patients from five families with distinct ATG7 variants had complex neurodevelopmental disorders with brain, muscle, and endocrine involvement. Patients had abnormalities of the cerebellum and corpus callosum and various degrees of facial dysmorphism. These patients have survived with impaired autophagic flux arising from a diminishment or absence of ATG7 protein. Although autophagic sequestration was markedly reduced, evidence of basal autophagy was readily identified in fibroblasts and skeletal muscle with loss of ATG7. Complementation of different model systems by deleterious ATG7 variants resulted in poor or absent autophagic function as compared with the reintroduction of wild-type ATG7. CONCLUSIONS We identified several patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder who have survived with a severe loss or complete absence of ATG7, an essential effector enzyme for autophagy without a known functional paralogue. (Funded by the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Collier
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Claire Guissart
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Monika Oláhová
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Souphatta Sasorith
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Florence Piron-Prunier
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Fumi Suomi
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - David Zhang
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Nuria Martinez-Lopez
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Nicolas Leboucq
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Angela Bahr
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Silvia Azzarello-Burri
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Selina Reich
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Ludger Schöls
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Tuomo M Polvikoski
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Pierre Meyer
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Lise Larrieu
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Andrew M Schaefer
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Hessa S Alsaif
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Suad Alyamani
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Inês A Barbosa
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Charu Deshpande
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Angela Pyle
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Anita Rauch
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - François Rivier
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Mina Ryten
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Robert McFarland
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Agnès Delahodde
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Michel Koenig
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
| | - Robert W Taylor
- From the Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, (J.J.C., M.O., N.M.-L., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), the Translational and Clinical Research Institute (J.J.C, M.O., T.M.P., A.M.S., A.P., R.M., R.W.T.), and the NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and Children (A.M.S., R.M., R.W.T.), Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, and the Institute of Child Health, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College London Institute of Neurology (D.Z., M.R.), the Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Guy's Hospital, King's College London School of Medicine (I.A.B.), and the Clinical Genetics Unit, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust (C.D.), London - all in the United Kingdom; Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, University of Montpellier and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Montpellier (C.G., S.S., L.L., M.K.), Departments of Neuroradiology (N.L.) and Pediatric Neurology (P.M., F.R.) and Reference Center for Neuromuscular Diseases Atlantic-Occitania-Caribbean (AOC) (P.M., F.R.), CHU de Montpellier, and Laboratoire de Physiologie et Médecine Expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles (PhyMedExp), INSERM, CNRS, University of Montpellier (P.M., F.R.), Montpellier, and the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Université Paris-Saclay, Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette (F.P.-P., A.D.) - all in France; the Translational Stem Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, Research Programs Unit, and the Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki (F.S., T.G.M.); Radiation Oncology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York (N.M.-L.); the Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland (A.B., S.A.-B., A.R.); Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany (S.R., L.S., M.S.); the Departments of Genetics (H.S.A., F.S.A.) and Neuroscience (S.A.), King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; and the Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami (S.Z.)
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8
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Krug R, Ortmann C, Reich S, Hahn B, Krastl G, Soliman S. Tooth discoloration induced by apical plugs with hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements in teeth with open apices-a 2-year in vitro study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 26:375-383. [PMID: 34151389 PMCID: PMC8791895 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-04009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To assess tooth discoloration induced by different hydraulic calcium silicate-based cements (HCSCs), including effects of blood and placement method. Materials and methods Eighty bovine teeth cut to a length of 18 mm (crown 8 mm, root 10 mm) were randomly assigned to 10 groups (n = 8), receiving orthograde apical plug treatment (APT). Apical plugs were 4 mm in length and made of ProRoot MTA (Dentsply), Medcem MTA (Medcem), TotalFill BC RRM Fast Set Putty (Brasseler), or Medcem Medical Portland Cement (Medcem) plus bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) with and without bovine blood. Further, orthograde (with or without preoperative adhesive coronal dentin sealing) and retrograde APT were compared. Teeth were obturated with gutta-percha and sealer, sealed with composite and stored in distilled water. Tooth color was measured on apical plug, gutta-percha/sealer, and crown surface before treatment versus 24 h, 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment by spectrophotometry. Color difference (ΔE) values were calculated and analyzed by Shapiro–Wilk test, ANOVA with post hoc tests, Friedman test, t test, and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (α = .05). Results Tooth discoloration occurred in all groups with no significant differences between HCSCs (p > .05). After 24 months, color changes were prominent on roots but insignificant on crowns. Blood contamination induced a significantly decreased luminescence (p < .05). Blood had a stronger impact on tooth color than Bi2O3. No relevant effects of retrograde placement (p > .05) or preoperative dentin sealing (p > .05) were detected. Conclusions Apical plugs of the tested HCSCs cause discoloration of bovine roots, but not discoloration of bovine tooth crowns within a 24-month period. Clinical relevance APT should be performed carefully while avoiding direct contact with the coronal dentin, and in that case no aesthetic impairments occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Krug
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology and Center of Dental Traumatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
| | | | | | - B Hahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology and Center of Dental Traumatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - G Krastl
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology and Center of Dental Traumatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Soliman
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology and Center of Dental Traumatology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Pleicherwall 2, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
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9
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Mengel D, Traschütz A, Reich S, Leyva-Gutiérrez A, Bender F, Hauser S, Haack TB, Synofzik M. A de novo STUB1 variant associated with an early adult-onset multisystemic ataxia phenotype. J Neurol 2021; 268:3845-3851. [PMID: 33811518 PMCID: PMC8463406 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-021-10524-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Biallelic STUB1 variants are a well-established cause of autosomal-recessive early-onset multisystemic ataxia (SCAR16). Evidence for STUB1 variants causing autosomal-dominant ataxia (SCA48) so far largely relies on segregation data in larger families. Presenting the first de novo occurrence of a heterozygous STUB1 variant, we here present additional qualitative evidence for STUB1-disease as an autosomal-dominant disorder. Methods Whole exome sequencing on an index patient with sporadic early-onset ataxia, followed by Sanger sequencing in all family members, was used to identify causative variants as well as to rule out alternative genetic hits and intronic STUB1 variants. STUB1 mRNA and protein levels in PBMCs in all family members were analysed using qRT-PCR and Western Blot. Results A previously unreported start-lost loss-of-function variant c.3G>A in the start codon of STUB1 was identified in the index case, occurring de novo and without evidence for a second (potentially missed) variant (e.g., intronic or copy number) in STUB1. The patient showed an early adult-onset multisystemic ataxia complicated by spastic gait disorder, distal myoclonus and cognitive dysfunction, thus closely mirroring the systems affected in autosomal-recessive STUB1-associated disease. In line with the predicted start-lost effect of the variant, functional investigations demonstrated markedly reduced STUB1 protein expression in PBMCs, whereas mRNA levels were intact. Conclusion De novo occurrence of the loss-of-function STUB1 variant in our case with multisystemic ataxia provides a qualitatively additional line of evidence for STUB1-disease as an autosomal-dominant disorder, in which the same neurological systems are affected as in its autosomal-recessive counterpart. Moreover, this finding adds support for loss-of-function as a mechanism underlying autosomal-dominant STUB1-disease, thus mirroring its autosomal-recessive counterpart also in terms of the underlying mutational mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mengel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Traschütz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alejandra Leyva-Gutiérrez
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friedemann Bender
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Hauser
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Rare Diseases, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Center for Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany. .,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany.
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10
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Traschütz A, Cortese A, Reich S, Dominik N, Faber J, Jacobi H, Hartmann AM, Rujescu D, Montaut S, Echaniz-Laguna A, Erer S, Schütz VC, Tarnutzer AA, Sturm M, Haack TB, Vaucamps-Diedhiou N, Puccio H, Schöls L, Klockgether T, van de Warrenburg BP, Paucar M, Timmann D, Hilgers RD, Gazulla J, Strupp M, Moris G, Filla A, Houlden H, Anheim M, Infante J, Basak AN, Synofzik M. Natural History, Phenotypic Spectrum, and Discriminative Features of Multisystemic RFC1 Disease. Neurology 2021; 96:e1369-e1382. [PMID: 33495376 PMCID: PMC8055326 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To delineate the full phenotypic spectrum, discriminative features, piloting longitudinal progression data, and sample size calculations of replication factor complex subunit 1 (RFC1) repeat expansions, recently identified as causing cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS). Methods Multimodal RFC1 repeat screening (PCR, Southern blot, whole-exome/genome sequencing–based approaches) combined with cross-sectional and longitudinal deep phenotyping in (1) cross-European cohort A (70 families) with ≥2 features of CANVAS or ataxia with chronic cough (ACC) and (2) Turkish cohort B (105 families) with unselected late-onset ataxia. Results Prevalence of RFC1 disease was 67% in cohort A, 14% in unselected cohort B, 68% in clinical CANVAS, and 100% in ACC. RFC1 disease was also identified in Western and Eastern Asian individuals and even by whole-exome sequencing. Visual compensation, sensory symptoms, and cough were strong positive discriminative predictors (>90%) against RFC1-negative patients. The phenotype across 70 RFC1-positive patients was mostly multisystemic (69%), including dysautonomia (62%) and bradykinesia (28%) (overlap with cerebellar-type multiple system atrophy [MSA-C]), postural instability (49%), slow vertical saccades (17%), and chorea or dystonia (11%). Ataxia progression was ≈1.3 Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia points per year (32 cross-sectional, 17 longitudinal assessments, follow-up ≤9 years [mean 3.1 years]) but also included early falls, variable nonlinear phases of MSA-C–like progression (SARA points 2.5–5.5 per year), and premature death. Treatment trials require 330 (1-year trial) and 132 (2-year trial) patients in total to detect 50% reduced progression. Conclusions RFC1 disease is frequent and occurs across continents, with CANVAS and ACC as highly diagnostic phenotypes yet as variable, overlapping clusters along a continuous multisystemic disease spectrum, including MSA-C-overlap. Our natural history data help to inform future RFC1 treatment trials. Classification of Evidence This study provides Class II evidence that RFC1 repeat expansions are associated with CANVAS and ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Traschütz
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andrea Cortese
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selina Reich
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Natalia Dominik
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Faber
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Heike Jacobi
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dan Rujescu
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Solveig Montaut
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Andoni Echaniz-Laguna
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sevda Erer
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Valerie Cornelia Schütz
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alexander A Tarnutzer
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marc Sturm
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tobias B Haack
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nadège Vaucamps-Diedhiou
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Helene Puccio
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ludger Schöls
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Thomas Klockgether
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bart P van de Warrenburg
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Martin Paucar
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ralf-Dieter Hilgers
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose Gazulla
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Michael Strupp
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - German Moris
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alessandro Filla
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Henry Houlden
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mathieu Anheim
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jon Infante
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A Nazli Basak
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- From the Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (A.T., S.R., L.S., M. Synofzik), University of Tübingen, Germany; MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases (A.C., N.D., H.H.), Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK; Department of Brain and Behaviour Sciences (A.C.), University Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology (J.F., T.K.), University Hospital Bonn; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (J.F., H.J., T.K.), Bonn; Department of Neurology (H.J.), University Hospital of Heidelberg; Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics (A.M.H., D.R.), University of Halle, Germany; Département de Neurologie (S.M., M.A.), Hôpital de Hautepierre, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg; Department of Neurology (A.E.-L.), APHP, CHU de Bicêtre; French National Reference Center for Rare Neuropathies (NNERF) (A.E.-L.); Inserm U1195 and Paris-Sud University (A.E.-L.), Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France; Medical Faculty (S.E.), Department of Neurology, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey; University of Zurich (V.C.S., A.A.T.); Department of Neurology (V.C.S., A.A.T.), University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics (M. Sturm, T.B.H.) and Center for Rare Diseases (T.B.H.), University of Tübingen, Germany; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC) (N.V.-D., H.P.); INSERM (N.V.-D., H.P.), U1258; CNRS (N.V.-D., H.P.), UMR7104, Illkirch; Université de Strasbourg (H.P.), France; Department of Neurology (B.P.v.d.W.), Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Neurology (M.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (M.P.), Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neurology (D.T.), Essen University Hospital, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen; Department of Medical Statistics (R.-D.H.), RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.G.), Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Neurology (M. Strupp), University Hospital, and German Center for Vertigo and Balance Disorders (M.Strupp), Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany; Neurology Service (G.M.), Hospital Unversitario Central de Asturias (HUCA), SESPA, Oviedo, Spain; Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences (A.F.), Federico II University Naples, Italy; Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (M.A.), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104, University of Strasbourg, Illkirch; Strasbourg Federation of Translational Medicine (M.A.), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Service of Neurology (J.I.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)," Santander, Spain; and Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation (A.N.B.), Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Traschütz A, Schirinzi T, Laugwitz L, Murray NH, Bingman CA, Reich S, Kern J, Heinzmann A, Vasco G, Bertini E, Zanni G, Durr A, Magri S, Taroni F, Malandrini A, Baets J, de Jonghe P, de Ridder W, Bereau M, Demuth S, Ganos C, Basak AN, Hanagasi H, Kurul SH, Bender B, Schöls L, Grasshoff U, Klopstock T, Horvath R, van de Warrenburg B, Burglen L, Rougeot C, Ewenczyk C, Koenig M, Santorelli FM, Anheim M, Munhoz RP, Haack T, Distelmaier F, Pagliarini DJ, Puccio H, Synofzik M. Clinico-Genetic, Imaging and Molecular Delineation of COQ8A-Ataxia: A Multicenter Study of 59 Patients. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:251-263. [PMID: 32337771 PMCID: PMC7877690 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To foster trial-readiness of coenzyme Q8A (COQ8A)-ataxia, we map the clinicogenetic, molecular, and neuroimaging spectrum of COQ8A-ataxia in a large worldwide cohort, and provide first progression data, including treatment response to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). METHODS Cross-modal analysis of a multicenter cohort of 59 COQ8A patients, including genotype-phenotype correlations, 3D-protein modeling, in vitro mutation analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers, disease progression, and CoQ10 response data. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients (39 novel) with 44 pathogenic COQ8A variants (18 novel) were identified. Missense variants demonstrated a pleiotropic range of detrimental effects upon protein modeling and in vitro analysis of purified variants. COQ8A-ataxia presented as variable multisystemic, early-onset cerebellar ataxia, with complicating features ranging from epilepsy (32%) and cognitive impairment (49%) to exercise intolerance (25%) and hyperkinetic movement disorders (41%), including dystonia and myoclonus as presenting symptoms. Multisystemic involvement was more prevalent in missense than biallelic loss-of-function variants (82-93% vs 53%; p = 0.029). Cerebellar atrophy was universal on MRI (100%), with cerebral atrophy or dentate and pontine T2 hyperintensities observed in 28%. Cross-sectional (n = 34) and longitudinal (n = 7) assessments consistently indicated mild-to-moderate progression of ataxia (SARA: 0.45/year). CoQ10 treatment led to improvement by clinical report in 14 of 30 patients, and by quantitative longitudinal assessments in 8 of 11 patients (SARA: -0.81/year). Explorative sample size calculations indicate that ≥48 patients per arm may suffice to demonstrate efficacy for interventions that reduce progression by 50%. INTERPRETATION This study provides a deeper understanding of the disease, and paves the way toward large-scale natural history studies and treatment trials in COQ8A-ataxia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:251-263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Traschütz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of NeurologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of NeurosciencesIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children HospitalRomeItaly
- Department of Systems MedicineUniversity of Roma Tor VergataRomeItaly
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Children’s HospitalTübingenGermany
| | - Nathan H. Murray
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Craig A. Bingman
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of NeurologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Jan Kern
- Department of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Children’s HospitalTübingenGermany
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM)Sorbonne Université, Pitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- AP‐HP, Department of GeneticsPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of NeurosciencesIRCCS Bambino Gesù Children HospitalRomeItaly
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeurosciencesBambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of NeurosciencesBambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCSRomeItaly
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM)Sorbonne Université, Pitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- AP‐HP, Department of GeneticsPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and NeurogeneticsFondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo BestaMilanItaly
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and NeurosciencesUniversity of Siena, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria SeneseSienaItaly
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of NeurologyAntwerp University HospitalAntwerpBelgium
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of NeurologyAntwerp University HospitalAntwerpBelgium
| | - Willem de Ridder
- Neurogenetics Group, University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Institute Born‐BungeUniversity of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium
- Department of NeurologyAntwerp University HospitalAntwerpBelgium
| | - Matthieu Bereau
- Service de Neurologie, Université de Franche‐Comté, CHRU de BesançonBesançonFrance
- Unité Extrapyramidale, Département des Neurosciences CliniquesHUG, Faculté de Médecine, Université de GenèveGenevaSwitzerland
| | | | - Christos Ganos
- Department of NeurologyCharité University Medicine BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - A. Nazli Basak
- Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research LaboratoryKUTTAM, Koç University School of MedicineIstanbulTurkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of NeurologyIstanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul UniversityIstanbulTurkey
| | - Semra Hiz Kurul
- Departments of Pediatric NeurologyDokuz Eylül University Faculty of MedicineİzmirTurkey
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional NeuroradiologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of NeurologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich‐Baur‐InstituteLudwig‐Maximilians University of MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)MunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Institute of Genetic MedicineNewcastle UniversityNewcastleUK
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of NeurologyRadboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and BehaviourNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares “Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet”Paris‐Lyon‐LilleFrance
- Département de Génétique et Embryologie MédicaleAPHP, GHUEP, Hôpital Armand TrousseauParisFrance
- Developmental Brain Disorders LaboratoryImagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163ParisFrance
| | - Christelle Rougeot
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares “Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet”Paris‐Lyon‐LilleFrance
- Hôpital Femme Mère EnfantService de NeuropédiatrieBronFrance
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM)Sorbonne Université, Pitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- AP‐HP, Department of GeneticsPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- Hôpitaux universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière ‐ Charles Foix, Service de GénétiqueParisFrance
| | - Michel Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique MoléculaireCHU and Université de MontpellierMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de StrasbourgHôpital de HautepierreStrasbourgFrance
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS)Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)INSERM‐U964/CNRS‐UMR7104/Université de StrasbourgIllkirchFrance
| | - Renato P. Munhoz
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western HospitalUniversity of Toronto, Krembil Research InstituteTorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied GenomicsUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric CardiologyUniversity Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine UniversityDuesseldorfGermany
| | - David J. Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for ResearchMadisonWIUSA
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC)IllkirchFrance
- INSERM, U1258IllkirchFrance
- CNRS, UMR7104IIllkirchFrance
- Université de StrasbourgStrasbourgFrance
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie‐Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of NeurologyUniversity of TübingenTübingenGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE)University of TübingenTübingenGermany
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Ochsmann E, Brand P, Kraus T, Reich S. Ultrafine particles in scanning sprays: a standardized examination of five powders used for dental reconstruction. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:20. [PMID: 32612668 PMCID: PMC7324966 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00271-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intraoral matting sprays for chairside systems can release fine or ultrafine particles or nanoparticles at dentists’ workplaces and cause work-related health problems by inhalation exposure. Until now, little is known about the magnitude of the ultrafine fraction, when using these scanning sprays. Hence, more information is needed for workplace risk assessments in dental practices. Methods Five commonly used dental spray-powders were examined under standardized conditions. Ingredients were taken from the respective safety data sheet. Particle number-size distributions and total number concentrations were analyzed with a fast mobility particle sizer, and reported graphically as well as mean particle fractions smaller than 100 nm. Based on these measurements, risk assessments were conducted, and particle depositions in the lung were modelled. Results The mean fraction of particles smaller than 100 nm varied between 9 and 93% depending on the matting agent and mode of application of the intraoral scanning spray. Propellants can represent a large fraction of these particles. Titanium dioxide, pigment-suspensions, talcum and others particles, which can pose relevant health risks, were listed as ingredients of scanning sprays in safety data sheets. Nevertheless, the deposited fraction of hazardous particles in the lung of employees in dental practices seems to be small (15%) during this dental procedure. Conclusions Our results suggest that dentists’ personnel can be exposed to hazardous fine and ultrafine particles. Though extensive standardized measurements and systematic evaluation of safety data sheets were used for this study, they cannot sufficiently assess and categorize potential workplace-related health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ochsmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.,Institute for Occupational Medicine, Prevention and Occupational Health Management, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - P Brand
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - S Reich
- Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology and Biomaterials, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Traschütz A, Schirinzi T, Laugwitz L, Murray NH, Bingman CA, Reich S, Kern J, Heinzmann A, Vasco G, Bertini E, Zanni G, Durr A, Magri S, Taroni F, Malandrini A, Baets J, de Jonghe P, de Ridder W, Bereau M, Demuth S, Ganos C, Basak AN, Hanagasi H, Kurul SH, Bender B, Schöls L, Grasshoff U, Klopstock T, Horvath R, van de Warrenburg B, Burglen L, Rougeot C, Ewenczyk C, Koenig M, Santorelli FM, Anheim M, Munhoz RP, Haack T, Distelmaier F, Pagliarini DJ, Puccio H, Synofzik M. Clinico-Genetic, Imaging and Molecular Delineation of COQ8A-Ataxia: A Multicenter Study of 59 Patients. Ann Neurol 2020. [PMID: 32337771 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25751 10.1002/ana.25751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To foster trial-readiness of coenzyme Q8A (COQ8A)-ataxia, we map the clinicogenetic, molecular, and neuroimaging spectrum of COQ8A-ataxia in a large worldwide cohort, and provide first progression data, including treatment response to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). METHODS Cross-modal analysis of a multicenter cohort of 59 COQ8A patients, including genotype-phenotype correlations, 3D-protein modeling, in vitro mutation analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers, disease progression, and CoQ10 response data. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients (39 novel) with 44 pathogenic COQ8A variants (18 novel) were identified. Missense variants demonstrated a pleiotropic range of detrimental effects upon protein modeling and in vitro analysis of purified variants. COQ8A-ataxia presented as variable multisystemic, early-onset cerebellar ataxia, with complicating features ranging from epilepsy (32%) and cognitive impairment (49%) to exercise intolerance (25%) and hyperkinetic movement disorders (41%), including dystonia and myoclonus as presenting symptoms. Multisystemic involvement was more prevalent in missense than biallelic loss-of-function variants (82-93% vs 53%; p = 0.029). Cerebellar atrophy was universal on MRI (100%), with cerebral atrophy or dentate and pontine T2 hyperintensities observed in 28%. Cross-sectional (n = 34) and longitudinal (n = 7) assessments consistently indicated mild-to-moderate progression of ataxia (SARA: 0.45/year). CoQ10 treatment led to improvement by clinical report in 14 of 30 patients, and by quantitative longitudinal assessments in 8 of 11 patients (SARA: -0.81/year). Explorative sample size calculations indicate that ≥48 patients per arm may suffice to demonstrate efficacy for interventions that reduce progression by 50%. INTERPRETATION This study provides a deeper understanding of the disease, and paves the way toward large-scale natural history studies and treatment trials in COQ8A-ataxia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:251-263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Traschütz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathan H Murray
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Kern
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willem de Ridder
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Bereau
- Service de Neurologie, Université de Franche-Comté, CHRU de Besançon, Besançon, France.,Unité Extrapyramidale, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, HUG, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Hiz Kurul
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet", Paris-Lyon-Lille, France.,Département de Génétique et Embryologie Médicale, APHP, GHUEP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Rougeot
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet", Paris-Lyon-Lille, France.,Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Bron, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,Hôpitaux universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Renato P Munhoz
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, IIllkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Traschütz A, Schirinzi T, Laugwitz L, Murray NH, Bingman CA, Reich S, Kern J, Heinzmann A, Vasco G, Bertini E, Zanni G, Durr A, Magri S, Taroni F, Malandrini A, Baets J, de Jonghe P, de Ridder W, Bereau M, Demuth S, Ganos C, Basak AN, Hanagasi H, Kurul SH, Bender B, Schöls L, Grasshoff U, Klopstock T, Horvath R, van de Warrenburg B, Burglen L, Rougeot C, Ewenczyk C, Koenig M, Santorelli FM, Anheim M, Munhoz RP, Haack T, Distelmaier F, Pagliarini DJ, Puccio H, Synofzik M. Clinico-Genetic, Imaging and Molecular Delineation of COQ8A-Ataxia: A Multicenter Study of 59 Patients. Ann Neurol 2020. [PMID: 32337771 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25751+10.1002/ana.25751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To foster trial-readiness of coenzyme Q8A (COQ8A)-ataxia, we map the clinicogenetic, molecular, and neuroimaging spectrum of COQ8A-ataxia in a large worldwide cohort, and provide first progression data, including treatment response to coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). METHODS Cross-modal analysis of a multicenter cohort of 59 COQ8A patients, including genotype-phenotype correlations, 3D-protein modeling, in vitro mutation analyses, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers, disease progression, and CoQ10 response data. RESULTS Fifty-nine patients (39 novel) with 44 pathogenic COQ8A variants (18 novel) were identified. Missense variants demonstrated a pleiotropic range of detrimental effects upon protein modeling and in vitro analysis of purified variants. COQ8A-ataxia presented as variable multisystemic, early-onset cerebellar ataxia, with complicating features ranging from epilepsy (32%) and cognitive impairment (49%) to exercise intolerance (25%) and hyperkinetic movement disorders (41%), including dystonia and myoclonus as presenting symptoms. Multisystemic involvement was more prevalent in missense than biallelic loss-of-function variants (82-93% vs 53%; p = 0.029). Cerebellar atrophy was universal on MRI (100%), with cerebral atrophy or dentate and pontine T2 hyperintensities observed in 28%. Cross-sectional (n = 34) and longitudinal (n = 7) assessments consistently indicated mild-to-moderate progression of ataxia (SARA: 0.45/year). CoQ10 treatment led to improvement by clinical report in 14 of 30 patients, and by quantitative longitudinal assessments in 8 of 11 patients (SARA: -0.81/year). Explorative sample size calculations indicate that ≥48 patients per arm may suffice to demonstrate efficacy for interventions that reduce progression by 50%. INTERPRETATION This study provides a deeper understanding of the disease, and paves the way toward large-scale natural history studies and treatment trials in COQ8A-ataxia. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:251-263.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Traschütz
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Systems Medicine, University of Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Laugwitz
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nathan H Murray
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Craig A Bingman
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Kern
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, University Children's Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Heinzmann
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Gessica Vasco
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, Department of Neurosciences, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Bertini
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra Zanni
- Unit of Neuromuscular and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurosciences, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Stefania Magri
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Franco Taroni
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Malandrini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Unit of Neurology and Neurometabolic Disorders, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peter de Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Willem de Ridder
- Neurogenetics Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthieu Bereau
- Service de Neurologie, Université de Franche-Comté, CHRU de Besançon, Besançon, France.,Unité Extrapyramidale, Département des Neurosciences Cliniques, HUG, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Christos Ganos
- Department of Neurology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Nazli Basak
- Suna and Inan Kıraç Foundation, Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, KUTTAM, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Hiz Kurul
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ute Grasshoff
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich, Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Bart van de Warrenburg
- Department of Neurology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydie Burglen
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet", Paris-Lyon-Lille, France.,Département de Génétique et Embryologie Médicale, APHP, GHUEP, Hôpital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France.,Developmental Brain Disorders Laboratory, Imagine Institute, INSERM UMR 1163, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Rougeot
- Centre de Référence Maladies Rares "Malformations et Maladies Congénitales du Cervelet", Paris-Lyon-Lille, France.,Hôpital Femme Mère Enfant, Service de Neuropédiatrie, Bron, France
| | - Claire Ewenczyk
- Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France.,Hôpitaux universitaires Pitié Salpêtrière - Charles Foix, Service de Génétique, Paris, France
| | - Michel Koenig
- EA7402 Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique, and Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, CHU and Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mathieu Anheim
- Service de Neurologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hôpital de Hautepierre, Strasbourg, France.,Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), INSERM-U964/CNRS-UMR7104/Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Renato P Munhoz
- Movement Disorders Centre, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tobias Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology, and Pediatric Cardiology, University Children's Hospital Duesseldorf, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - David J Pagliarini
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hélène Puccio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch, France.,INSERM, U1258, Illkirch, France.,CNRS, UMR7104, IIllkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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Wagner M, Osborn DPS, Gehweiler I, Nagel M, Ulmer U, Bakhtiari S, Amouri R, Boostani R, Hentati F, Hockley MM, Hölbling B, Schwarzmayr T, Karimiani EG, Kernstock C, Maroofian R, Müller-Felber W, Ozkan E, Padilla-Lopez S, Reich S, Reichbauer J, Darvish H, Shahmohammadibeni N, Tafakhori A, Vill K, Zuchner S, Kruer MC, Winkelmann J, Jamshidi Y, Schüle R. Bi-allelic variants in RNF170 are associated with hereditary spastic paraplegia. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4790. [PMID: 31636353 PMCID: PMC6803694 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12620-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations of Ca2+ homeostasis have been implicated in a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Ca2+ efflux from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm is controlled by binding of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate to its receptor. Activated inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors are then rapidly degraded by the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Mutations in genes encoding the neuronal isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR1) and genes involved in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor degradation (ERLIN1, ERLIN2) are known to cause hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and cerebellar ataxia. We provide evidence that mutations in the ubiquitin E3 ligase gene RNF170, which targets inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors for degradation, are the likely cause of autosomal recessive HSP in four unrelated families and functionally evaluate the consequences of mutations in patient fibroblasts, mutant SH-SY5Y cells and by gene knockdown in zebrafish. Our findings highlight inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate signaling as a candidate key pathway for hereditary spastic paraplegias and cerebellar ataxias and thus prioritize this pathway for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Daniel P S Osborn
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Ina Gehweiler
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maike Nagel
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ulmer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Somayeh Bakhtiari
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Rim Amouri
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | | | - Faycal Hentati
- Neurology Department, Mongi Ben Hmida National Institute of Neurology, Tunis, Tunisia
- Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Maryam M Hockley
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Benedikt Hölbling
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schwarzmayr
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
- Next Generation Genetic Clinic, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Christoph Kernstock
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Müller-Felber
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Ege Ozkan
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Sergio Padilla-Lopez
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Reichbauer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hossein Darvish
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | | | - Abbas Tafakhori
- Iranian Center of Neurological Research, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katharina Vill
- Department of Pediatric Neurology and Developmental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, FL33136, Miami, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, FL33136, Miami, USA
| | - Michael C Kruer
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, 85016, USA
- Departments of Child Health, Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Genetics, and Neurology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Juliane Winkelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Trogerstraße 32, 81675, Munich, Germany
- Institut für Neurogenomik, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Yalda Jamshidi
- Genetics Centre, Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology, University of Tübingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 27, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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16
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Kizner V, Naujock M, Fischer S, Jäger S, Reich S, Schlotthauer I, Zuckschwerdt K, Geiger T, Hildebrandt T, Lawless N, Macartney T, Dorner-Ciossek C, Gillardon F. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Knockout of the Neuropsychiatric Risk Gene KCTD13 Causes Developmental Deficits in Human Cortical Neurons Derived from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:616-634. [PMID: 31402430 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01727-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The human KCTD13 gene is located within the 16p11.2 locus and copy number variants of this locus are associated with a high risk for neuropsychiatric diseases including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. Studies in zebrafish point to a role of KCTD13 in proliferation of neural precursor cells which may contribute to macrocephaly in 16p11.2 deletion carriers. KCTD13 is highly expressed in the fetal human brain and in mouse cortical neurons, but its contribution to the development and function of mammalian neurons is not completely understood. In the present study, we deleted the KCTD13 gene in human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using CRISPR/Cas9 nickase. Following neural differentiation of KCTD13 deficient and isogenic control iPSC lines, we detected a moderate but significant inhibition of DNA synthesis and proliferation in KCTD13 deficient human neural precursor cells. KCTD13 deficient cortical neurons derived from iPSCs showed decreased neurite formation and reduced spontaneous network activity. RNA-sequencing and pathway analysis pointed to a role for ERBB signaling in these phenotypic changes. Consistently, activating and inhibiting ERBB kinases rescued and aggravated, respectively, impaired neurite formation. In contrast to findings in non-neuronal human HeLa cells, we did not detect an accumulation of the putative KCTD13/Cullin-3 substrate RhoA, and treatment with inhibitors of RhoA signaling did not rescue decreased neurite formation in human KCTD13 knockout neurons. Taken together, our data provide insight into the role of KCTD13 in neurodevelopmental disorders, and point to ERBB signaling as a potential target for neuropsychiatric disorders associated with KCTD13 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Kizner
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Maximilian Naujock
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Sandra Fischer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Jäger
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Selina Reich
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Ines Schlotthauer
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Kai Zuckschwerdt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tobias Geiger
- Cardio-metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Tobias Hildebrandt
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Nathan Lawless
- Target Discovery Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Thomas Macartney
- MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, Sir James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Cornelia Dorner-Ciossek
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Frank Gillardon
- CNS Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, 88397, Biberach an der Riss, Germany.
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Farazi Fard MA, Rebelo AP, Buglo E, Nemati H, Dastsooz H, Gehweiler I, Reich S, Reichbauer J, Quintáns B, Ordóñez-Ugalde A, Cortese A, Courel S, Abreu L, Powell E, Danzi MC, Martuscelli NB, Bis-Brewer DM, Tao F, Zarei F, Habibzadeh P, Yavarian M, Modarresi F, Silawi M, Tabatabaei Z, Yousefi M, Farpour HR, Kessler C, Mangold E, Kobeleva X, Tournev I, Chamova T, Mueller AJ, Haack TB, Tarnopolsky M, Gan-Or Z, Rouleau GA, Synofzik M, Sobrido MJ, Jordanova A, Schüle R, Zuchner S, Faghihi MA. Truncating Mutations in UBAP1 Cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:1251. [PMID: 31173719 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tau N, Shargian-Alon L, Reich S, Paul M, Gafter-Gvili A, Shepshelovich D, Yahav D. Reporting infections in clinical trials of patients with haematological malignancies. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 25:1494-1500. [PMID: 31100423 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections are common among patients treated for haematological malignancies and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The completeness of reporting infectious complications in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing treatments for haematological malignancies is unknown. OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the completeness of reporting infectious complications in RCTs assessing treatments for haematological malignancies. DATA SOURCE A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed database. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA AND PARTICIPANTS All primary published phase II/III RCTs between September 2016 and September 2018 evaluating treatments for haematological malignancies in adult patients were included. INTERVENTION Reporting infectious complications. METHODS A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the completeness of reporting. Study characteristics and data concerning reporting of infectious complications were collected by two independent reviewers. Quality of reporting was assessed using a modification of the CONSORT extension checklist for harms, including 15 items. RESULTS One-hundred and seven RCTs were included. Most trials (97; 91%) provided some report on infections. Approximately half reported on each of pneumonia, sepsis and neutropenic fever; 12 trials (11%) reported on fungal infections. Only nine trials (8%) listed infections by type of pathogen (i.e. bacterial, fungal or viral) and 48 (45%) by source/type of infection (i.e. pneumonia, urinary tract infection, etc.). Most trials did not address infections in their title, abstract, introduction or discussion. Median number of items of the CONSORT modification reported was 7 points, (interquartile range (IQR) 6-9) for all included trials, with lower median for 34 acute leukaemia trials (median 6, IQR 5-8). CONCLUSIONS Most trials evaluating treatment for haematological malignancies provide some data relating to infectious complications. The reports are mostly incomplete and rarely provided in a structured presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tau
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Chaim Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel.
| | - L Shargian-Alon
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Institute of Haematology, Davidoff Cancer Centre, Rabin Medical Centre, Petah-Tikva, Israel
| | - S Reich
- Medicine A, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - M Paul
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - A Gafter-Gvili
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Institute of Haematology, Davidoff Cancer Centre, Rabin Medical Centre, Petah-Tikva, Israel; Medicine A, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - D Shepshelovich
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Medicine A, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - D Yahav
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel; Infectious Diseases Unit, Rabin Medical Centre, Beilinson Hospital, Petah Tikva, Israel
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Farazi Fard MA, Rebelo AP, Buglo E, Nemati H, Dastsooz H, Gehweiler I, Reich S, Reichbauer J, Quintáns B, Ordóñez-Ugalde A, Cortese A, Courel S, Abreu L, Powell E, Danzi MC, Martuscelli NB, Bis-Brewer DM, Tao F, Zarei F, Habibzadeh P, Yavarian M, Modarresi F, Silawi M, Tabatabaei Z, Yousefi M, Farpour HR, Kessler C, Mangold E, Kobeleva X, Tournev I, Chamova T, Mueller AJ, Haack TB, Tarnopolsky M, Gan-Or Z, Rouleau GA, Synofzik M, Sobrido MJ, Jordanova A, Schüle R, Zuchner S, Faghihi MA. Truncating Mutations in UBAP1 Cause Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 104:767-773. [PMID: 30929741 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnostic gap for rare neurodegenerative diseases is still considerable, despite continuous advances in gene identification. Many novel Mendelian genes have only been identified in a few families worldwide. Here we report the identification of an autosomal-dominant gene for hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) in 10 families that are of diverse geographic origin and whose affected members all carry unique truncating changes in a circumscript region of UBAP1 (ubiquitin-associated protein 1). HSP is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive lower-limb spasticity and weakness, as well as frequent bladder dysfunction. At least 40% of affected persons are currently undiagnosed after exome sequencing. We identified pathological truncating variants in UBAP1 in affected persons from Iran, USA, Germany, Canada, Spain, and Bulgarian Roma. The genetic support ranges from linkage in the largest family (LOD = 8.3) to three confirmed de novo mutations. We show that mRNA in the fibroblasts of affected individuals escapes nonsense-mediated decay and thus leads to the expression of truncated proteins; in addition, concentrations of the full-length protein are reduced in comparison to those in controls. This suggests either a dominant-negative effect or haploinsufficiency. UBAP1 links endosomal trafficking to the ubiquitination machinery pathways that have been previously implicated in HSPs, and UBAP1 provides a bridge toward a more unified pathophysiology.
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Ezov N, Nimrod A, Parizada B, Werber MM, Goldlust A, Greenstein LA, Vogel T, Drizlich N, Levanon A, Reich S, Gorecki M, Panet A. Recombinant Polypeptides Derived from the Fibrin Binding Domain of Fibronectin Are Potential Agents for the Imaging of Blood Clots. Thromb Haemost 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1656052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
SummaryThrombus formation in the circulation is accompanied by covalent linkage of fibronectin (FN) through transglutamination of glutamine no. 3 in the fibrin binding amino terminal domain (FBD) of FN. We have exploited this phenomenon for thrombus detection by the employment of radioactively-labelled recombinant polypeptide molecules derived from the 5-finger FBD of human FN. Three recombinant FBD polypeptides, 12 kDa (“2 fingers”), 18.5 kDa (“3 fingers”) and 31 kDa FBD (“5 fingers”), were prepared and compared to native FN-derived 31 kDa-FBD with respect to their ability to attach to fibrin clots in vitro and in vivo. The accessibility of Gln-3 in these molecules was demonstrated by the incorporation of stoichiometric amounts of 14C- putrescine in the presence of plasma transglutaminase. Competitive binding experiments to fibrin have indicated that, although the binding affinities of the FBD molecules are lower than that of FN, substantial covalent linkage was obtained in the presence of transglutaminase, and even in the presence of excess FN or heparin. The biological clearance rates of radioactively labelled FBD molecules in rats and rabbits were much higher than those of FN and fibrinogen, thus indicating their potential advantage for use as a diagnostic imaging tool. Of the three molecules, the 12 kDa FBD exhibited the highest rate of clearance. The potential of the 12 kDa and 31 kDa FBDs as imaging agents was examined in a stainless steel coil-induced thrombus model in rats and in a jugular vein thrombus model in rabbits, using either [125I] or [111ln]-labelled materials. At 24 h, clot-to-blood ratios ranged between 10 and 22 for [125I]-12 kDa FBD and 40 and 60 for [luIn]-12 kDa FBD. In the rat model, heparin did not inhibit the uptake of FBD. Taken together, the results indicate that recombinant 12 kDa FBD is a good candidate for the diagnosis of venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ezov
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Nimrod
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - T Vogel
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - A Levanon
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Reich
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - M Gorecki
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
| | - A Panet
- Bio-Technology General, Rehovot, Israel
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Glaeske M, Bluemmel P, Juergensen S, Setaro A, Reich S. Dipole-switch induced modification of the emissive response of carbon nanotubes. J Phys Condens Matter 2017; 29:454003. [PMID: 29049026 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8dcf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of carbon nanotubes with the molecular dipole switch spiropyran is expected to affect the optical response of the tubes. Until now, the need of anchor groups to immobilize the switches on the tubes has hindered the experimental observation of the effects of switching on the emission behavior of the tubes. Here we present spiropyran-carbon nanotube complexes obtained by micelle swelling. This method does not require any anchor nor sophisticated chemistry to warrant close tube-switch proximity. For the first time, we observe the shifts predicted theoretically and their effect on the tubes' excitation and emission energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Glaeske
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Roeben B, Schüle R, Ruf S, Bender B, Alhaddad B, Benkert T, Meitinger T, Reich S, Böhringer J, Langhans CD, Vaz FM, Wortmann SB, Marquardt T, Haack TB, Krägeloh-Mann I, Schöls L, Synofzik M. SERAC1 deficiency causes complicated HSP: evidence from a novel splice mutation in a large family. J Med Genet 2017; 55:39-47. [DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2017-104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ObjectiveTo demonstrate that mutations in the phosphatidylglycerol remodelling enzyme SERAC1 can cause juvenile-onset complicated hereditary spastic paraplegia (cHSP) clusters, thus adding SERAC1 to the increasing number of complex lipid cHSP genes.MethodsCombined genomic and functional validation studies (whole-exome sequencing, mRNA, cDNA and protein), biomarker investigations (3-methyl-glutaconic acid, filipin staining and phosphatidylglycerols PG34:1/PG36:1), and clinical and imaging phenotyping were performed in six affected subjects from two different branches of a large consanguineous family.Results5 of 6 affected subjects shared cHSP as a common disease phenotype. Three subjects presented with juvenile-onset oligosystemic cHSP, still able to walk several miles at age >10–20 years. This benign phenotypic cluster and disease progression is strikingly divergent to the severe infantile phenotype of all SERAC1 cases reported so far. Two family members showed a more multisystemic juvenile-onset cHSP, indicating an intermediate phenotype between the benign oligosystemic cHSP and the classic infantile SERAC1 cluster. The homozygous splice mutation led to loss of the full-length SERAC1 protein and impaired phosphatidylglycerol PG34:1/PG36:1 remodelling. These phosphatidylglycerol changes, however, were milder than in classic infantile-onset SERAC1 cases, which might partially explain the milder SERAC1 phenotype.ConclusionsOur findings add SERAC1 to the increasing list of complex lipid cHSP genes. At the same time they redefine the phenotypic spectrum of SERAC1 deficiency. It is associated not only with the severe infantile-onset ‘Methylglutaconic aciduria, Deafness, Encephalopathy, Leigh-like’ syndrome (MEGDEL syndrome), but also with oligosystemic juvenile-onset cHSP as part of the now unfolding SERAC1 deficiency spectrum.
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Wang H, Schaefer T, Konantz M, Braun M, Varga Z, Paczulla AM, Reich S, Jacob F, Perner S, Moch H, Fehm TN, Kanz L, Schulze-Osthoff K, Lengerke C. Prominent Oncogenic Roles of EVI1 in Breast Carcinoma. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2148-2160. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hayer SN, Deconinck T, Bender B, Smets K, Züchner S, Reich S, Schöls L, Schüle R, De Jonghe P, Baets J, Synofzik M. STUB1/CHIP mutations cause Gordon Holmes syndrome as part of a widespread multisystemic neurodegeneration: evidence from four novel mutations. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2017; 12:31. [PMID: 28193273 PMCID: PMC5307643 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-017-0580-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CHIP, the protein encoded by STUB1, is a central component of cellular protein homeostasis and interacts with several key proteins involved in the pathogenesis of manifold neurodegenerative diseases. This gives rise to the hypothesis that mutations in STUB1 might cause a far more multisystemic neurodegenerative phenotype than the previously reported cerebellar ataxia syndrome. METHODS Whole exome sequencing data-sets from n = 87 index subjects of two ataxia cohorts were screened for individuals with STUB1 mutations. In-depth phenotyping by clinical evaluation and neuroimaging was performed in mutation carriers. RESULTS We identified four novel STUB1 mutations in three affected subjects from two index families (frequency 2/87 = 2.3%). All three subjects presented with a severe multisystemic phenotype including severe dementia, spastic tetraparesis, epilepsy, and autonomic dysfunction in addition to cerebellar ataxia, plus hypogonadism in one index patient. Diffusion tensor imaging revealed degeneration of manifold supra- and infratentorial tracts. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide clinical and imaging support for the notion that CHIP is a crucial converging point of manifold neurodegenerative processes, corresponding with its universal biological function in neurodegeneration. Further, our data reveal the second STUB1 family with ataxia plus hypogonadism reported so far, demonstrating that Gordon Holmes syndrome is indeed a recurrent manifestation of STUB1. However, it does not present in isolation, but as part of a broad multisystemic neurodegenerative process. This supports the notion that STUB1 disease should be conceptualized not by historical or clinical syndromic names, but as a variable multisystemic disease defined by disturbed function of the underlying STUB1 gene, which translates into a multidimensional gradual spectrum of variably associated clinical signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Nicole Hayer
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Tine Deconinck
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Ultrastructural Neuropathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benjamin Bender
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katrien Smets
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Ultrastructural Neuropathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics, Miami, USA
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, USA
| | - Selina Reich
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Ludger Schöls
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca Schüle
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Peter De Jonghe
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Ultrastructural Neuropathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Neurogenetics Group, Department of Molecular Genetics, VIB, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratories of Neurogenetics and Ultrastructural Neuropathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Matthis Synofzik
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research & Center of Neurology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Kaiser P, Reich S, Jérôme V, Freitag R, Greiner A. Herstellung biomimetischer Polymer/Bakterien-Komposite zum Einsatz in der mikrobiellen Brennstoffzelle. CHEM-ING-TECH 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.201650235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Wang H, Schaefer T, Konantz M, Reich S, Braun M, Perner S, Varga Z, Moch H, Fehm T, Kanz L, Schulze-Osthoff K, Lengerke C. Abstract 2015: Novel oncogenic roles of EVI1 in breast carcinoma. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ecotropic viral integration site1 (EVI1) is a transcriptional regulator that is essential for the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells and, when overexpressed in leukemia, associates with particularly aggressive disease. EVI1 expression has also been detected in a number of solid tumors including breast carcinoma (BC) where it was recently shown to predict poor survival in estrogen receptor negative (ER-) but not positive (ER+) tumors. The functional roles and molecular regulation of EVI1 in human BC are largely unexplored.
Here we confirm that EVI1 is widely expressed in both ER- and ER+ BC in a tissue microarray containing 373 individual patient samples. Unlike in leukemia, overexpression of EVI1 in BC rarely resulted from gene amplification or translocation events at its chromosomal locus 3q26. Functionally, lentiviral knockdown of EVI1 reduced proliferation, motility and in vivo tumorigenicity of human BC cells while enhancing their apoptosis sensitivity. Interestingly, estrogen supplementation rescued growth and tumorigenicity in EVI1-knockdown ER+ (but not ER-) cells. Since microarray analyses of EVI1 knockdown cells revealed alterations of several regulators of cell cycle progression (e.g. CDKN1A, CDKN1C, CDK1), apoptosis (e.g. BIK, BMF, BBC3) and growth factor signaling (e.g. NRG2, EREG, PTK2B), we further investigated the canonical MAPK pathway as a major effector axis of EVI1 in BC. Indeed, knockdown of EVI1 in BC cells effectively impaired ERK1/2 phosphorylation (i.e. MAP kinase activation), which was phenotypically reflected by impaired in vitro proliferation and in vivo tumorigenicity rates. In ER+ BC cells, these effects were functionally restored by exogenous addition of estradiol, explaining why EVI1 gains particular clinical significance in the absence of estrogen signaling (i.e. in ER- BC). Supporting this notion, ectopic expression of EVI1 and estradiol treatment co-induced p-ERK1/2. Our microarray analysis further revealed GPCR signaling molecules (e.g. CCR1, GCGR, PTGFR) as a fourth category of genes significantly modulated by EVI1 in BC. Among these, the GPR54-ligand KISS1, previously implicated in cell migration, was most strongly modulated by EVI1 knockdown and also overexpression. A corresponding promoter analysis indicated several potential EVI1-binding sites within KISS1 regulatory elements, of which two showed robust recovery rates in chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Functionally, EVI1 knockdown impaired BC cell migration, which was restored by addition of Kisspeptin, a soluble gene product of KISS1.
Overall, our data characterize EVI1 as a novel oncogene in BC that impacts growth and migration via pERK and the GPR54-ligand KISS1, which we identified as a novel direct transcriptional target of EVI1-driven oncogenesis.
Citation Format: Hui Wang, Thorsten Schaefer, Martina Konantz, Selina Reich, Martin Braun, Sven Perner, Zsuszanna Varga, Holger Moch, Tanja Fehm, Lothar Kanz, Klaus Schulze-Osthoff, Claudia Lengerke. Novel oncogenic roles of EVI1 in breast carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- 1University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thorsten Schaefer
- 1University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martina Konantz
- 1University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Selina Reich
- 2University of Tuebingen, Department of Internal Medicine II, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Martin Braun
- 3University Hospital Bonn, Department of Prostate Cancer Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Perner
- 4Pathology of the University Hospital Luebeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Luebeck / Borstel, Germany
| | - Zsuszanna Varga
- 5University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Surgical Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Holger Moch
- 5University Hospital Zurich, Institute of Surgical Pathology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tanja Fehm
- 6University Hospital Duesseldorf, Women's Hospital, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lothar Kanz
- 2University of Tuebingen, Department of Internal Medicine II, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Klaus Schulze-Osthoff
- 7Interfaculty Institute of Biochemistry, University of Tuebingen; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Tuebingen / Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Lengerke
- 8University Hospital Basel, Department of Biomedicine and University Hospital Basel, Clinic for Hematology, Basel, Switzerland
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Spencer A, Spencer A, Badros A, Laubach J, Harrison S, Zonder J, Chauhan D, Anderson K, Reich S, Trikha M, Richardson P. Phase 1, multicenter, open-label, dose-escalation, combination study (NCT02103335) of pomalidomide (POM), marizomib (MRZ, NPI-0052), and dexamethasone (DEX) in patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma (MM); study NPI-0052-107 preliminary results. Clinical Lymphoma Myeloma and Leukemia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clml.2015.07.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Mörmann WH, Reich S. Intraoral scanning systems - a current overview. Int J Comput Dent 2015; 18:101-129. [PMID: 26110925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is no doubt today about the possibilities and potential of digital impression-taking with the aid of intraoral optical impression systems, and the past few years have seen a considerable increase in the range of optical intraoral scanners available on the market. On the strength of numerous innovations and a wider range of indications in orthodontics and implantology, intraoral scanning systems appear to be a highly promising development for the future. Digital impression-taking with intraoral scanners has already shown itself in some respects to be clearly superior to conventional impression- taking. Particularly worthy of mention is the versatile integration of digital impressions into diagnostic and treatment concepts to provide a customizable healthcare solution for the patient. It remains exciting to look forward to future developments that will allow us to observe digital impression-taking--as with other digital applications already established in everyday life--becoming firmly established in the routine of dentistry and dental technology. This article presents an overview of the benefits and limitations of digital impression-taking using intraoral scanning systems, and includes a summary of all the relevant intraoral scanners available on the market at present.
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Reich S. Tooth-colored CAD/CAM monolithic restorations. Int J Comput Dent 2015; 18:131-146. [PMID: 26110926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A monolithic restoration (also known as a full contour restoration) is one that is manufactured from a single material for the fully anatomic replacement of lost tooth structure. Additional staining (followed by glaze firing if ceramic materials are used) may be performed to enhance the appearance of the restoration. For decades, monolithic restoration has been the standard for inlay and partial crown restorations manufactured by both pressing and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM) techniques. A limited selection of monolithic materials is now available for dental crown and bridge restorations. The IDS (2015) provided an opportunity to learn about and evaluate current trends in this field. In addition to new developments, established materials are also mentioned in this article to complete the picture. In line with the strategic focus of the IJCD, the focus here is naturally on CAD/CAM materials.
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Frankenberger R, Hartmann VE, Krech M, Krämer N, Reich S, Braun A, Roggendorf M. Adhesive luting of new CAD/CAM materials. Int J Comput Dent 2015; 18:9-20. [PMID: 25911826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the adhesive bonding performance of recently introduced tooth-colored CAD/CAM materials after different pretreatment protocols and using different luting materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CAD/CAM materials under investigation were e.max CAD (lithium disilicate glass ceramic; Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstein), Celtra Duo (zirconia-reinforced lithium disilicate ceramic; Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), Lava Ultimate (resin nano ceramic; 3M ESPE, Neuss, Germany), and Enamic (resin infiltrated ceramic; Vita, Bad Säckingen, Germany). A total of 240 blocks (n = 5) received various pretreatments (no pretreatment, silane, sandblasting, sandblasting + silane, hydrofluoric acid, hydrofluoric acid + silane), and then different classes of adhesive luting composites were applied (adhesive: Prime&Bond XP + SCA + Calibra; Dentsply DeTrey; self adhesive: RelyX Unicem; 3M ESPE). After 24 h water storage and 10,000 thermocycles (5°C/55°C), specimens were cut into beams and microtensile bond strengths were recorded. RESULTS Bonding performance of recent CAD/CAM materials was clearly influenced by the pretreatment method (P < 0.05). In general, significantly higher μ-TBS values were recorded for the ceramic materials compared to the hybrid materials (P < 0.05). Among the hybrid materials, Enamic exhibited higher bond strengths than Lava Ultimate (P < 0.05). However, despite the differences found, all materials showed a high level of bonding performance, being sufficient to withstand intraoral chewing forces during mastication. CONCLUSION When pretreated as recommended by the manufacturers, recent tooth-colored CAD/CAM materials show an encouraging bonding performance for adhesive luting.
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Oelkrug D, Reich S, Specht M, Stauch H. Light Scattering and Lateral Resolved Reflection Spectroscopy on Electrochemically Reacting Electrodes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/bbpc.198800316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Goldin D, Campbell J, Emerson S, Bahoura L, George D, Reich S, Savin M. Tumor-to-normal particle deposition ratio in primary versus secondary liver malignancies: impact on tumor dose and radioembolization treatment planning. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2013.12.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Abstract
We report a case of synovial sarcoma of the pancreas in a 44-year-old male who presented with multiple episodes of retroperitoneal hemorrhage; the diagnosis was confirmed by histology. The patient underwent distal pancreatectomy without complication, and the hospital stay was nine days. No adjuvant treatment was administered. The patient is alive at 1 year.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Luc
- Service de chirurgie digestive et cœlioscopique, avenue de Magellan, 33604 Pessac cedex, France.
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Reich S. Development of a Software Package to Assess and Analyze Gait Data Gathered by the Eshoe System. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2013; 58 Suppl 1:/j/bmte.2013.58.issue-s1-P/bmt-2013-4394/bmt-2013-4394.xml. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2013-4394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Friedman H, Reich S, Popovitz-Biro R, von Huth P, Halevy I, Koltypin Y, Gedanken A, Porat Z. Micro- and nano-spheres of low melting point metals and alloys, formed by ultrasonic cavitation. Ultrason Sonochem 2013; 20:432-444. [PMID: 22959958 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Metals and alloys of low melting points (<430 °C) can be melted in hot silicone oil to form two immiscible liquids. Irradiation of the system with ultrasonic energy induces acoustic cavitation in the oil, which disperses the molten metals into microspheres that solidify rapidly upon cooling. This method has been applied to seven pure metals (Ga, In, Sn, Bi, Pb, Zn, Hg) and two eutectic alloys of gold (Au-Ge and Au-Si). The morphology and composition of the resulting microspheres were examined by SEM and EDS. Eutectic Au-Si formed also crystalline Au nanoparticles, which were separated and studied by HRTEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Friedman
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Reich S, Vollborn T, Mehl A, Zimmermann M. Intraoral optical impression systems--an overview. Int J Comput Dent 2013; 16:143-162. [PMID: 23930576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Reich
- Subject and Research Area of Computerized Dentistry, Department of Prosthodontics and Biomaterialis, Centre of Implantology, Uniklinik RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Zimmermann M, Mehl A, Reich S. New CAD/CAM materials and blocks for chairside procedures. Int J Comput Dent 2013; 16:173-181. [PMID: 23930578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Zimmermann
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany.
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Malic E, Setaro A, Bluemmel P, Sanz-Navarro CF, Ordejón P, Reich S, Knorr A. Carbon nanotubes as substrates for molecular spiropyran-based switches. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:394006. [PMID: 22964905 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/39/394006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a joint theory-experiment study investigating the excitonic absorption of spiropyran-functionalized carbon nanotubes. The functionalization is promising for engineering switches on a molecular level, since spiropyrans can be reversibly switched between two different conformations, inducing a distinguishable and measurable change of optical transition energies in the substrate nanotube. Here, we address the question of whether an optical read-out of such a molecular switch is possible. Combining density matrix and density functional theory, we first calculate the excitonic absorption of pristine and functionalized nanotubes. Depending on the switching state of the attached molecule, we observe a red-shift of transition energies by about 15 meV due to the coupling of excitons with the molecular dipole moment. Then we perform experiments measuring the absorption spectrum of functionalized carbon nanotubes for both conformations of the spiropyran molecule. We find good qualitative agreement between the theoretically predicted and experimentally measured red-shift, confirming the possibility for an optical read-out of the nanotube-based molecular switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Malic
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Bluemmel P, Setaro A, Maity C, Hecht S, Reich S. Tuning the interaction between carbon nanotubes and dipole switches: the influence of the change of the nanotube-spiropyran distance. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:394005. [PMID: 22964884 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/39/394005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes with spiropyran molecules, serving as optically addressable dipole switches, is reported. Two kinds of pyrene-spiropyran-based dyads with spacers of different lengths resulting in different switch-tube distances were investigated. While both surfactants were able to form stable carbon nanotube suspensions, the different distances between the switch and the tube affected both of the components' optical properties. In the case of the shorter spacer, the nanotubes' luminescence as well as the merocyanine absorption band were red-shifted and furthermore, the rate of the merocyanine → spiropyran thermal back isomerization was decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bluemmel
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Morrow C, Smentkowski K, Schwartz S, Gruber-Baldini A, Anderson K, Weiner W, Reich S, Shulman L. Does Spouse Participation Influence Quality of Life Reporting in Patients with Parkinson's Disease? (P06.063). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Figari-Jordan R, Gruber-Baldini A, Anderson K, Reich S, Weiner W, Fishman P, Shulman L. Comparison of Disability and Quality of Life in Parkinsonian Syndromes (P06.067). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Shulman L, Gruber-Baldini A, Anderson K, Figari-Jordan R, Fishman P, Reich S, Weiner W. Is Quality of Life Affected Equally by Decline and Improvement in Parkinson Disease Severity? (P06.062). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p06.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Perry C, Holmes K, Anderson K, Gruber-Baldini A, Fishman P, Shulman L, Weiner W, Reich S. Are Patients with Psychogenic Movement Disorders More Likely To Be Healthcare Workers? (P04.033). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Figari-Jordan R, Anderson K, Gruber-Baldini A, Reich S, Weiner W, Fishman P, Shulman L. Comparison of Quality of Life and Disability in Three Different Dementias (P07.180). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p07.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Nemli SK, Wolfart S, Reich S. InLab and Cerec Connect: virtual contacts in maximum intercuspation compared with original contacts--an in vitro study. Int J Comput Dent 2012; 15:23-31. [PMID: 22930945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of inLab and Cerec Connect software in simulating the maximum intercuspal contacts in comparison to the real situation on the respective gypsum casts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten pairs of maxillary and mandibular casts were mounted in articulators in maximum intercuspal position. The contacts of the gypsum casts were marked and digital photographs of the mandibular casts were taken. Digital impressions of arches were made using two different software packages; inLab (Version 3.83) and Cerec Connect (Version 3.83) using the Cerec Acquisition Center. The intercuspal position of the teeth was captured by buccal images. Screenshots of the virtual casts showing the occlusal contacts were saved. The digital photographs of the contacts of the cast and the screenshots of the occlusal contacts were superimposed using an image processing program. The number of contacts of the virtual mandibular models that were identical with the contacts of the gypsum casts were determined and calculated as percentages in relation to the gypsum cast contacts, which were set as 100%. The null hypothesis tested was that the Cerec connect software delivers contacts that are closer to the real situation than contacts created with the inLab software. RESULTS Cerec Connect showed a median percentage of 41.6% and Inlab a median percentage of 31.9%. The Wilcoxon test revealed statistically significant differences between the inLab software and Cerec Connect. Especially at the contra-lateral side of that side where the virtual buccal registration was done, the contacts showed the greatest deviations from the original. CONCLUSION Cerec Connect more precisely virtually simulated the real contacts than did inLab when scanning full-arch dentitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Nemli
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Reich S, Schley J, Kern T, Fiedler K, Wolfart S. Examples of model-free implant restorations using Cerec inLab 4.0 software. Int J Comput Dent 2012; 15:207-225. [PMID: 23252221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This case report demonstrates two ways to fabricate model-free implant restorations with the Cerec inLab 4.0 software. Because the patient, a woman with a history of periodontal disease, did not wish to have a removable partial denture, implant therapy was planned for the restoration of her edentulous areas 14/15 and 24/25. In addition, the restoration was to provide functional relief of the natural maxillary anterior teeth. The two implants for the first quadrant were planned as single-tooth restorations. Each was designed as a full contour implant supra-structure using the Cerec Biogeneric abutment design technique. After completing the design phase, each restoration proposal was split into two parts: a zirconia abutment and a lithium disilicate crown. For the restoration of the second quadrant, custom 20-degree-angled abutments were individualized and acquired with the Cerec camera. A block crown was then designed, milled in burn-out acrylic resin, and fabricated from a lithium disilicate glass-ceramic ingot according to the press ceramic technique. Additionally methods of provisional restorations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reich
- Department of Prosthodontics, Implantology and Biomaterials, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany.
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Garg S, Reich S, Gielda B, Dilman B, Bernard D, Cohen J, Herskovic A. Prognostic Factors in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma Treated with Iodine 125 Brachytherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.06.955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Metzelder S, Coburn M, Fries M, Reinges M, Reich S, Rossaint R, Marx G, Rex S. Performance of cardiac output measurement derived from arterial pressure waveform analysis in patients requiring high-dose vasopressor therapy. Br J Anaesth 2011; 106:776-84. [PMID: 21441548 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aer066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arterial pressure waveform analysis of cardiac output (APCO) without external calibration (FloTrac/Vigileo™) is critically dependent upon computation of vascular tone that has necessitated several refinements of the underlying software algorithms. We hypothesized that changes in vascular tone induced by high-dose vasopressor therapy affect the accuracy of APCO measurements independently of the FloTrac software version. METHODS In this prospective observational study, we assessed the validity of uncalibrated APCO measurements compared with transpulmonary thermodilution cardiac output (TPCO) measurements in 24 patients undergoing vasopressor therapy for the treatment of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage. RESULTS Patients received vasoactive support with [mean (sd)] 0.53 (0.46) µg kg(-1) min(-1) norepinephrine resulting in mean arterial pressure of 104 (14) mm Hg and mean systemic vascular resistance of 943 (248) dyn s(-1) cm(-5). Cardiac output (CO) data pairs (158) were obtained simultaneously by APCO and TPCO measurements. TPCO ranged from 5.2 to 14.3 litre min(-1), and APCO from 4.1 to 13.7 litre min(-1). Bias and limits of agreement were 0.9 and 2.5 litre min(-1), resulting in an overall percentage error of 29.6% for 68 data pairs analysed with the second-generation FloTrac(®) software and 27.9% for 90 data pairs analysed with the third-generation software. Precision of the reference technique was 2.6%, while APCO measurements yielded a precision of 29.5% and 27.9% for the second- and the third-generation software, respectively. For both software versions, bias (TPCO-APCO) correlated inversely with systemic vascular resistance. CONCLUSIONS In neurosurgical patients requiring high-dose vasopressor support, precision of uncalibrated CO measurements depended on systemic vascular resistance. Introduction of the third software algorithm did not improve the insufficient precision (>20%) for APCO measurements observed with the second software version.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Metzelder
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
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Malic E, Weber C, Richter M, Atalla V, Klamroth T, Saalfrank P, Reich S, Knorr A. Microscopic model of the optical absorption of carbon nanotubes functionalized with molecular spiropyran photoswitches. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:097401. [PMID: 21405650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.097401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption of molecules to the surface of carbon nanostructures opens a new field of hybrid systems with distinct and controllable properties. We present a microscopic study of the optical absorption in carbon nanotubes functionalized with molecular spiropyran photoswitches. The switching process induces a change in the dipole moment leading to a significant coupling to the charge carriers in the nanotube. As a result, the absorption spectra of functionalized tubes reveal a considerable redshift of transition energies depending on the switching state of the spiropyran molecule. Our results suggest that carbon nanotubes are excellent substrates for the optical readout of spiropyran-based molecular switches. The gained insights can be applied to other noncovalently functionalized one-dimensional nanostructures in an externally induced dipole field.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Malic
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
We present a subgradient extragradient method for solving variational inequalities in Hilbert space. In addition, we propose a modified version of our algorithm that finds a solution of a variational inequality which is also a fixed point of a given nonexpansive mapping. We establish weak convergence theorems for both algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Censor
- Department of Mathematics, University of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, 31905 Haifa, Israel
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