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Rajagopal S, Yao X, Abadir W, Baetz TD, Easson AM, Knight G, McWhirter E, Nessim C, Rosen CF, Sun A, Wright FC, Petrella TM. An Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) Clinical Practice Guideline: Surveillance Strategies in Patients with Stage I, II, III or Resectable IV Melanoma Who Were Treated with Curative Intent. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2024; 36:243-253. [PMID: 38336503 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To make recommendations on managing the surveillance of patients with stage I, II, III or resectable IV melanoma who are clinically free of disease following treatment with curative intent. MATERIALS AND METHODS This guideline was developed by Ontario Health's (Cancer Care Ontario's) Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Melanoma Disease Site Group (including seven medical oncologists, four surgical oncologists, three dermatologists, one radiation oncologist and one patient representative). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PROSPERO databases and the main relevant guideline websites were searched. Internal and external reviews were conducted, with final approval by the Program in Evidence-Based Care and the Melanoma Disease Site Group. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was followed, and the Modified Delphi method was used. RESULTS Based on the current evidence (eight eligible original study papers and four relevant guidelines) and the clinical opinions of the authors of this guideline, the initial recommendations were made. To reach 75% agreement for each recommendation, the Melanoma Disease Site Group (16 members) voted twice and one recommendation was voted on three times. After a comprehensive internal and external review process (including national and international reviewers), 12 recommendations, three weak recommendations and six qualified statements were ultimately made. CONCLUSIONS After a systematic review, a comprehensive internal and external review process and a consensus process, the current guideline has been created. The guideline authors believe that this guideline will help clinicians, patients and policymakers make well-informed healthcare decisions that will guide them in clinical melanoma surveillance and ultimately assist in improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajagopal
- Trillium Health Partners, Credit Valley Hospital, Peel Regional Cancer Centre, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
| | - X Yao
- Department of Oncology, Department of Health Research Methods Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Program in Evidence-Based Care, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - W Abadir
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Ontario, Canada
| | - T D Baetz
- Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario, Queen's Cancer Research Institute, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - A M Easson
- Department of Surgery, Marvelle Koffler Breast Centre, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G Knight
- Department of Oncology, Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Grand River Hospital, Kitchener, Ontario, Canada
| | - E McWhirter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Nessim
- Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - C F Rosen
- Division of Dermatology, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Sun
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - F C Wright
- Department of Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - T M Petrella
- Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Anand S, Rajagopal S. A Comprehensive Review on the Regulatory Action of TRP Channels: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Nociceptive Pain. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231220340. [PMID: 38146332 PMCID: PMC10749524 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231220340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential (TRP) superfamily of ion channels in humans comprises voltage-gated, non-selective cation channels expressed both in excitable as well as non-excitable cells. Four TRP channel subunits associate to create functional homo- or heterotetramers that allow the influx of calcium, sodium, and/or potassium. These channels are highly abundant in the brain and kidney and are important mediators of diverse biological functions including thermosensation, vascular tone, flow sensing in the kidney and irritant stimuli sensing. Inherited or acquired dysfunction of TRP channels influences cellular functions and signaling pathways resulting in multifaceted disorders affecting skeletal, renal, cardiovascular, and nervous systems. Studies have demonstrated the involvement of these channels in the generation and transduction of pain. Based on the multifaceted role orchestrated by these TRP channels, modulation of the activity of these channels presents an important strategy to influence cellular function by regulating intracellular calcium levels as well as membrane excitability. Therefore, there has been a remarkable pharmaceutical inclination toward TRP channels as therapeutic interventions. Several candidate drugs influencing the activity of these channels are already in the clinical trials pipeline. The present review encompasses the current understanding of TRP channels and TRP modulators in pain and pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Ertansel BN, Rajagopal S, Lodhia S, Boutsikos G, Banerjee D. Mini review: Breast cancer care in individuals with differences of sexual development. Eur J Surg Oncol 2023; 49:107004. [PMID: 37573665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2023.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Disorders or differences of sexual development encompasses an important group of conditions that affects up to 1 in 5,000 live births. Many individuals living in the female gender includes Turner syndrome, congenital adrenal hyperplasia and conditions with 46XY karyotype such as gonadal dysgenesis (Swyer syndrome). Individuals are commenced on high dose oestrogen to initiate and maintain development of secondary sexual characteristics such as breasts which is paramount in them identifying in the female gender. We highlight the first case of a patient with Swyer syndrome who was treated with long term oestrogen therapy and later developed breast cancer. In individuals with gonadal dysgenesis, testicular malignancy is a recognised risk and is screened for. Prolonged exposure to exogenous and endogenous hormones can increase the risk of breast cancer however how much this risk increases in those taking high dose hormones is not documented in the literature. We aim to highlight the importance of breast cancer treatment and surgical reconstruction in this group and whether they should be considered for early breast cancer screening. CONCLUSION: It is imperative that triple assessment is undertaken in every patient with a breast lump, regardless of gender identification. Clinicians must not delay investigations in this patient group due to a misunderstanding of their condition. Those on long term hormone supplementation should be entered into the breast screening program at an earlier age with Magnetic Resonance Imaging surveillance. Careful consideration of post treatment endocrine therapy is required and under the care of the multi-disciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Ertansel
- St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Breast Surgery Department, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - S Rajagopal
- St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Breast Surgery Department, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - S Lodhia
- St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Breast Surgery Department, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - G Boutsikos
- St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Breast Surgery Department, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK
| | - D Banerjee
- St Georges Healthcare NHS Trust, Breast Surgery Department, Blackshaw Road, London, SW17 0QT, UK.
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Rajagopal S. Modulatory Action of Voltage Gated Ion Channels in Inflammation and Inflammatory Pain. Open Neurol J 2023. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x-v17-e230109-2022-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described by the patient in terms of such damage”. The origin of every pain syndrome is inflammation. A group of voltage-gated channels that are permeable to calcium ions enhances sensory transduction witnessed during inflammation. Hence, understanding calcium signaling is an essential step towards recognizing neural network activity associated with pain management. In this review, we attempted to understand the impact of calcium-permeable ion channels in the recognition, processing, transduction and modulation of pain signals. Results obtained revealed that calcium being one of the most ubiquitous secondary messengers play a significant role in modulating numerous biological processes, including inflammation and pain. Though almost all subtypes of calcium channels are highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS), the “N-type calcium ion-channels” play an important function at the time of neurotransmitter release from the afferent terminals within the spinal dorsal. Hence, they serve as a key therapeutic target during the treatment of analgesics. Migraine is also reported to involve neurogenic inflammation. “P/Q-type calcium channels” is suggested to have important role in migraine. The inhibition of these channels through various analgesics serves as a treatment against inflammatory and neuropathic pain. However, few of these inhibitors have numerous side effects, including cancer. Hence, these inhibitors may be consumed under the supervision of medical practitioners. In this review, we revealed the understanding and regulation of ion channels in inflammation causing pain and its treatment.
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Sonthalia M, Roy BS, Chandrawanshi D, Ganesh GV, Jayasuriya R, Mohandas S, Rajagopal S, Ramkumar KM. Histone deacetylase inhibitors as antidiabetic agents: Advances and opportunities. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 935:175328. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dhanalakshmi S, Rajagopal S, Gajendran C, Sadhu M, Zainuddin M, Gosu R, Rastelli L. Novel, brain penetrant small molecule inhibitor of PD-L1 for targeting glioblastoma and brain metastasis. Eur J Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(22)01132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rajagopal S, Kumar DP, Arul AB. Editorial: Regulatory action of calcium channels in pain pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:928457. [PMID: 36045899 PMCID: PMC9423735 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.928457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore, KA, India
- *Correspondence: Senthilkumar Rajagopal
| | - Divya P. Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, JSS Medical College, CEMR, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, KA, India
| | - Albert Baskar Arul
- Department of Chemistry, RASR Laboratory, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Armstrong J, Vekstein A, Massad K, Seas A, Wojnarski C, Rajagopal S, Krasuski R, Haney J. Obesity Does Not Significantly Impact Operative and Long-Term Outcomes After Pulmonary Thromboendarerectomy. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Vairaprakash S, Shenbagavalli A, Rajagopal S. An Efficient Watermarking Based Matrix Manipulation and Optimization Based Cryptographic Method for Privacy Preservation in Biomedical Data. j med imaging hlth inform 2021. [DOI: 10.1166/jmihi.2021.3888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The biomedical processing of images is an important aspect of the modern medicine field and has an immense influence on the modern world. Automatic device assisted systems are immensely useful in order to diagnose biomedical images easily, accurately and effectively. Remote health care
systems allow medical professionals and patients to work from different locations. In addition, expert advice on a patient can be received within a prescribed period of time from a specialist in a foreign country or in a remote area. Digital biomedical images must be transmitted over the network
in remote healthcare systems. But the delivery of the biomedical goods entails many security challenges. Patient privacy must be protected by ensuring that images are secure from unwanted access. Furthermore, it must be effectively maintained so that nothing will affect the content of biomedical
images. In certain instances, data manipulation can yield dramatic effects. A biomedical image safety method was suggested in this work. The suggested method will initially be used to construct a binary pixel encoding matrix and then to adjust matrix with the use of decimation mutation DNA
watermarking principle. Afterwards to defend the sub keys couple privacy which was considered over the logical uplift utilization of tent maps and purpose. As acknowledged by chaotic (C-function) development, the security was investigated similar to transmission in addition to uncertainty.
Depending on the preliminary circumstances, various numbers of random were generated intended for every map as of chaotic maps. An algorithm of Multi scale grasshopper optimization resource with correlation coefficient fitness function and PSNR was projected for choosing the optimal public
key and secret key of system over random numbers. For choosing the validation process of optimization is to formulate novel model more relative stable to the conventional approach. In conclusion, the considered suggested findings were contrasted with current approaches protection that was
appear to be successful extremely.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Vairaprakash
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam 626125, Tamilnadu, India
| | - A. Shenbagavalli
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti 628716, Tamilnadu, India
| | - S. Rajagopal
- Department of Information Technology, National Engineering College, Kovilpatti 628716, Tamilnadu, India
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Rajendran T, Rajagopal S, Srinivasan C, Balakrishnan G, Sivasubramanian VK, Ganesan M. Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate on the Photoinduced Electron Transfer Reactions of Ruthenium(II)–Polypyridine Complexes with Phenolate Ions. Russ J Phys Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sumantha H, Rajagopal S, Nagaraju G, Shashank M, Suresha B. Facile and eco-friendly combustion synthesis of NiO particles for photodegradation studies. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Rajagopal S, Murugan S, Kumar DP, Kesturu GS, Arul AB. Editorial: Regulatory Action of Calcium Channels in Pain Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:701105. [PMID: 34135735 PMCID: PMC8200623 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.701105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sengottuvelan Murugan
- Department of Animal Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (JSS) Medical College, Center of Excellence in Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine (CEMR), Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University (JSS) Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysore, India
| | | | - Albert Baskar Arul
- RASR Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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Rani JJ, Jayaseeli AMI, Rajagopal S, Seenithurai S, Chai JD, Raja JD, Rajasekaran R. Synthesis, characterization, antimicrobial, BSA binding, DFT calculation, molecular docking and cytotoxicity of Ni(II) complexes with Schiff base ligands. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Suwanpradid J, Lee M, Hoang P, Kwock J, Floyd L, Smith J, Yin Z, Atwater A, Rajagopal S, Kedl R, Corcoran D, MacLeod A. 014 IL-27 induces IL-15 production to facilitate T cell survival in allergic contact dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Petrella TM, Fletcher GG, Knight G, McWhirter E, Rajagopal S, Song X, Baetz TD. Systemic adjuvant therapy for adult patients at high risk for recurrent cutaneous or mucosal melanoma: an Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) clinical practice guideline. Curr Oncol 2020; 27:e43-e52. [PMID: 32218667 PMCID: PMC7096195 DOI: 10.3747/co.27.5933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous versions of the guideline from the Program in Evidence-Based Care (pebc) at Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario) recommended that the use of high-dose interferon alfa 2b therapy be discussed and offered to patients with resected cutaneous melanoma with a high risk of recurrence. Subsequently, several clinical trials in patients with resected or metastatic melanoma found that immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies have a benefit greater than that with interferon. It was therefore considered timely for an update to the guideline about adjuvant systemic therapy in melanoma. Methods The present guideline was developed by the pebc and the Melanoma Disease Site Group (dsg). Based on a systematic review from a literature search conducted using medline, embase, and the Evidence Based Medicine Reviews databases for the period 1996 to 28 May 2019, the Working Group drafted recommendations. The systematic review and recommendations were then circulated to the Melanoma dsg and the pebc Report Approval Panel for internal review; the revised document underwent external review. Recommendations For patients with completely resected cutaneous or mucosal melanoma with a high risk of recurrence, the recommended adjuvant therapies are nivolumab, pembrolizumab, or dabrafenib-trametinib for patients with BRAF V600E or V600K mutations; nivolumab or pembrolizumab are recommend for patients with BRAF wild-type disease. Use of ipilimumab is not recommended. Molecular testing should be conducted to help guide treatment decisions. Interferon alfa, chemotherapy regimens, vaccines, levamisole, bevacizumab, bacillus Calmette-Guérin, and isolated limb perfusion are not recommended for adjuvant treatment of cutaneous melanoma except as part of a clinical trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Petrella
- University of Toronto and Odette Cancer Centre, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON
| | - G G Fletcher
- Program in Evidence-Based Care, Ontario Health (Cancer Care Ontario), and Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON
| | - G Knight
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, and Grand River Regional Cancer Centre, Kitchener, ON
| | - E McWhirter
- Department of Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, McMaster University, and Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON
| | | | - X Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology, University of Ottawa, and The Ottawa Hospital Cancer Centre, Ottawa, ON
| | - T D Baetz
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, and Cancer Centre of Southeastern Ontario-Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, ON
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Ernst D, McConkey H, Liu L, Butler M, Petrella T, Baetz T, Koneru R, Song X, Cheng T, Smylie M, Rajagopal S, Mihalcioiu C, Gwadry-Sridhar F. Utilization of real-world data to assess the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in elderly patients with metastatic melanoma. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz255.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mittal C, Singh M, Bakhshi T, Ram Babu S, Rajagopal S, Ram CVS. Isolated diastolic hypertension and its risk factors in semi-rural population of South India. Indian Heart J 2019; 71:272-276. [PMID: 31543201 PMCID: PMC6796616 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH) has been actively discussed for the last two decades because of its prevalence in a younger population and its association with cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, the association of IDH is significant in South Asian Countries such as India because relatively younger populations are known to have a higher risk of cardiovascular events. Objective The objective of this study is to find prevalence of IDH and its risk correlates in a semiurban population of South Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. Methods Data were collected using the modified World Health Organization - STEPwise approach to Surveillance (WHO STEPS) questionnaire for 16,636 individuals from a group of villages under Thavanampalle Mandal. Collated data were analyzed for prevalence and risk factors of IDH. Results Prevalence of IDH was found to be 4.0% with mean age of 46.0 (±SD 13.6) years and a relatively higher prevalence in men (5.3%) as compared with women (3.2%). The prevalence of IDH peaked in the fifth decade of life (40–49 years of age) and declined thereafter. Among various risk factors that were analyzed for their association with IDH, only age, body weight, and body mass index retained their significance in multivariate binary logistic regression analysis. Conclusion There is a significant prevalence of IDH below 50 years of age in the semiurban population of South India. As IDH in young and middle age is known to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events and end organ involvement, it highlights need for study and development of effective IDH management strategies to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mandeep Singh
- Total Health Foundation, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Tanvir Bakhshi
- Total Health Foundation, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Ram Babu
- Total Health Foundation, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - S Rajagopal
- Total Health Foundation, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Suwanpradid J, Hoang P, Kwock J, Floyd L, Smith J, Kedl R, Atwater A, Rajagopal S, Corcoran D, MacLeod A. 010 IL-27 in macrophages mediates T cell survival and dermal cluster formation in allergic contact hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Haigh PM, Al-Hatimi F, Stewart H, Rajagopal S, Khalifa S, Smart J. P91 Post-operative pain in neurosurgery. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2019-abn.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesAre the analgesic guidelines for those neurosurgical operations associated with major and complex major pain consistently followed? Is there a correlation between adherence and post-operative pain?DesignPatients undergoing spinal surgery and foramen magnum decompressions were visited on the first post-operative day (D1). They provided their pain score subjectively (0=nil; 10=worst ever experienced); objectively we recorded whether they could move in/out of bed without pain limitation.Subjectsn=57 consecutive patients undergoing elective major and complex major pain neurosurgery between April and June 2018 at the NHNN, Queen Square.MethodsA proforma was completed on D1. The patients consented to take part and answered three questions. We examined what (if any) analgesics they were admitted on, and what had been prescribed to cover the post-operative period. This was compared against the appropriate guideline for that category of operation.ResultsGuidelines were only followed in 16/57 (28.1%) cases; not followed in 41/57 (71.9%). On an unpaired T-test: 2-tailed P value=0.0195. Where guidelines were followed, the mean pain score reported was: 3.75 (SD 2.72) Where not followed, the mean pain score was 5.46 (SD 2.29). So with a 95% confidence interval −3.41 to −0.29, there is a significant difference between the pain in those prescribed according to the guidelines and those that were not.ConclusionsThe pain guidelines are not routinely followed. Most commonly this was due to no prescription for a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent. We suggest regular sessions of education of the guidelines. Cycle 2 closed the loop of the audit. We re-reviewed adherence and pain scores and found guidelines were followed in 34% of cases, which represented a 6% improvement. On a paired two-tailed P value=0.0794. The mean pain score where guidelines were followed=3.42 (SD1.62) against a mean=4.74 (SD 1.89) where guidelines were not followed.
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Abstract
Evaluation of dysphagia typically starts with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD); further testing is pursued if this is negative. When no mucosal, structural, or motor esophageal disorders are identified with persisting symptoms, functional dysphagia is considered. We evaluated outcomes in patients undergoing EGD for dysphagia, and estimated prevalence of functional dysphagia. The endoscopy database at single tertiary care center was interrogated to identify EGDs performed for an indication of 'dysphagia' over a 12-month period (2008-09). Electronic medical records were reviewed over the next 8 years to assess if an etiology was identified. Data were analyzed to assess the diagnostic yield of endoscopy and subsequent tests in the evaluation of dysphagia. Of 5486 EGDs, 822 (15.0%) were performed for dysphagia in 694 patients (58.4 ± 0.6 year, range: 18-95 year, 55.8% female). Of these, 529 (76.2%) had EGD findings that explained dysphagia; another 22 (3.2%) had findings on histopathology. Of the remainder 143 patients (20.6%) with normal index EGD, 38 (26.6%) patients underwent barium esophagram with 15 (39.5%) having abnormal studies. 19 patients (13.3%) underwent esophageal high resolution manometry with 12 (63.2%) being abnormal, and 7 had a mechanism for dysphagia on alternate testing. A repeat EGD was abnormal in 6 patients, while 45 patients were lost to follow-up. 42 patients had complete resolution of symptoms despite normal endoscopy, of which 30 were treated empirically with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). Only 16 patients had no findings on evaluation, and had continued dysphagia symptoms, representing true functional dysphagia in 2.3% of all dysphagia patients and 11.2% of patients with normal EGD. Endoscopy remains the test with the highest yield (over 75%) for a diagnosis in patients presenting with dysphagia; secondary tests are useful when endoscopy does not provide a diagnosis. Benign strictures and GERD-related etiologies are leading causes; PPI therapy is useful even when testing is negative. Functional dysphagia is extremely rare, accounting for <2.5% of all dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bill
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S Rajagopal
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - V Kushnir
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - C P Gyawali
- Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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21
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Abstract
Overdose of cardiovascular medications such as beta blockers and calcium channel blockers cause impaired cardiac contractility, vasoplegia, and/or rhythm disturbances. In addition to conventional management of limiting absorption, increasing elimination and hemodynamic support intravenous (IV) calcium infusion, hyperinsulinemia-euglycemia therapy, glucagon infusion, and IV lipid emulsion have been tried. Extracorporeal circulatory assist device support has been reported as a rescue therapy in overdose refractory to maximal medical therapy. We report three patients with cardiovascular medication overdose presenting with profound cardiovascular instability refractory to medical therapy. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support (VA ECMO) was initiated to provide hemodynamic support. Despite the occurrence of device-associated complications, the outcome was good and all patients survived. VA ECMO may be considered in patients with severe refractory shock due to cardiotoxic medication overdose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Vignesh
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhan Kumar
- Department of Cardiothoracic surgery, Mechanical Circulatory Support and Transplantation, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Venkataraman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | | - Babu K Abraham
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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22
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Venkataraman R, Gopichandran V, Ranganathan L, Rajagopal S, Abraham BK, Ramakrishnan N. Mortality Prediction Using Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation IV Scoring Systems: Is There a Difference? Indian J Crit Care Med 2018; 22:332-335. [PMID: 29910542 PMCID: PMC5971641 DOI: 10.4103/ijccm.ijccm_422_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mortality prediction in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting is complex, and there are several scoring systems utilized for this process. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II has been the most widely used scoring system; although, the more recent APACHE IV is considered an updated and advanced prediction model. However, these two systems may not give similar mortality predictions. Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare the mortality prediction ability of APACHE II and APACHE IV scoring systems among patients admitted to a tertiary care ICU. Methods: In this prospective longitudinal observational study, APACHE II and APACHE IV scores of ICU patients were computed using an online calculator. The outcome of the ICU admissions for all the patients was collected as discharged or deceased. The data were analyzed to compare the discrimination and calibration of the mortality prediction ability of the two scores. Results: Out of the 1670 patients' data analyzed, the area under the receiver operating characteristic of APACHE II score was 0.906 (95% confidence interval [CI] – 0.890–0.992), and APACHE IV score was 0.881 (95% CI – 0.862–0.890). The mean predicted mortality rate of the study population as given by the APACHE II scoring system was 44.8 ± 26.7 and as given by APACHE IV scoring system was 29.1 ± 28.5. The observed mortality rate was 22.4%. Conclusions: The APACHE II and IV scoring systems have comparable discrimination ability, but the calibration of APACHE IV seems to be better than that of APACHE II. There is a need to recalibrate the scales with weights derived from the Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Venkataraman
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Lakshmi Ranganathan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Babu K Abraham
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Apollo Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Yadirgi G, Stickings P, Rajagopal S, Liu Y, Sesardic D. Immuno-detection of cleaved SNAP-25 from differentiated mouse embryonic stem cells provides a sensitive assay for determination of botulinum A toxin and antitoxin potency. J Immunol Methods 2017; 451:90-99. [PMID: 28943257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A is a causative agent of human botulism. Due to high toxicity and ease of production it is classified by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention as a category A bioterrorism agent. The same serotype, BoNT/A, is also the most widely used in pharmaceutical preparations for treatment of a diverse range of neuromuscular disorders. Traditionally, animals are used to confirm the presence and activity of toxin and to establish neutralizing capabilities of countermeasures in toxin neutralization tests. Cell based assays for BoNT/A have been reported as the most viable alternative to animal models, since they are capable of reflecting all key steps (binding, translocation, internalization and cleavage of intracellular substrate) involved in toxin activity. In this paper we report preliminary development of a simple immunochemical method for specifically detecting BoNT/A cleaved intracellular substrate, SNAP-25, in cell lysates of neurons derived from mouse embryonic stem cells. The assay offers sensitivity of better than 0.1LD50/ml (3fM) which is not matched by other functional assays, including the mouse bioassay, and provides serotype specificity for quantitative detection of BoNT/A and anti-BoNT/A antitoxin. Subject to formal validation, the method described here could potentially be used as a substitute for the mouse bioassay to measure potency and consistency of therapeutic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yadirgi
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a center of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - P Stickings
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a center of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - S Rajagopal
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a center of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - Y Liu
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a center of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
| | - D Sesardic
- Division of Bacteriology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, a center of the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency, South Mimms, Potters Bar, Hertfordshire EN6 3QG, UK.
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24
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Smith J, Nicholson L, Suwanpradid J, Glenn R, Gundry J, Alagesan P, Knape N, Atwater A, Gunn M, MacLeod A, Lefkowitz R, Rajagopal S. 678 Biased CXCR3 ligands differentially alter allergic contact hypersensitivity and chemotaxis. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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25
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Rajagopal S, Burton BK, Fields BL, El IO, Kamatchi GL. Stimulatory and inhibitory effects of PKC isozymes are mediated by serine/threonine PKC sites of the Ca v2.3α 1 subunits. Arch Biochem Biophys 2017; 621:24-30. [PMID: 28389298 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes modulate voltage-gated calcium (Cav) currents through Cav2.2 and Cav2.3 channels by targeting serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) phosphorylation sites of Cavα1 subunits. Stimulatory (Thr-422, Ser-2108 and Ser-2132) and inhibitory (Ser-425) sites were identified in the Cav2.2α1 subunits to PKCs βII and ε. In the current study, we investigated if the homologous sites of Cav2.3α1 subunits (stimulatory: Thr-365, Ser-1995 and Ser-2011; inhibitory: Ser-369) behaved in similar manner. Several Ala and Asp mutants were constructed in Cav2.3α1 subunits in such a way that the Ser/Thr sites can be examined in isolation. These mutants or WT Cav2.3α1 along with auxiliary β1b and α2/δ subunits were expressed in Xenopus oocytes and the effects of PKCs βII and ε studied on the barium current (IBa). Among these sites, stimulatory Thr-365 and Ser-1995 and inhibitory Ser-369 behaved similar to their homologs in Cav2.2α1 subunits. Furthermore PKCs produced neither stimulation nor inhibition when stimulatory Thr-365 or Ser-1995 and inhibitory Ser-369 were present together. However, the PKCs potentiated the IBa when two stimulatory sites, Thr-365 and Ser-1995 were present together, thus overcoming the inhibitory effect of Ser-369. Taken together net PKC effect may be the difference between the responses of the stimulatory and inhibitory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brittney K Burton
- Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
| | - Blanche L Fields
- Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
| | - India O El
- Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA
| | - Ganesan L Kamatchi
- Department of Biology, Norfolk State University, Norfolk, VA 23504, USA.
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26
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Kamatchi GL, Rajagopal S, Burton BK. Stimulatory and Inhibitory Effects of PKC Isozymes are Mediated by Serine/Threonine PKC Sites of the Cav2.3α 1 Subunits. Biophys J 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2016.11.2166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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27
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Rajagopal S, Shenbagavalli A. Optimal ECC Based Signcryption Algorithm for Secured Video Compression Process in H.264 Encoder. IJBET 2017. [DOI: 10.1504/ijbet.2017.10011678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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28
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Venkataratnamma V, Begum P, Madhavi G, Rajagopal S, Viswanath B, Razak M. Probiotics as Functional Foods: Potential Effects on Human Health and its Impact on Neurological Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.4103/ijnpnd.ijnpnd_90_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Rosenthal VD, Al-Abdely HM, El-Kholy AA, AlKhawaja SAA, Leblebicioglu H, Mehta Y, Rai V, Hung NV, Kanj SS, Salama MF, Salgado-Yepez E, Elahi N, Morfin Otero R, Apisarnthanarak A, De Carvalho BM, Ider BE, Fisher D, Buenaflor MCS, Petrov MM, Quesada-Mora AM, Zand F, Gurskis V, Anguseva T, Ikram A, Aguilar de Moros D, Duszynska W, Mejia N, Horhat FG, Belskiy V, Mioljevic V, Di Silvestre G, Furova K, Ramos-Ortiz GY, Gamar Elanbya MO, Satari HI, Gupta U, Dendane T, Raka L, Guanche-Garcell H, Hu B, Padgett D, Jayatilleke K, Ben Jaballah N, Apostolopoulou E, Prudencio Leon WE, Sepulveda-Chavez A, Telechea HM, Trotter A, Alvarez-Moreno C, Kushner-Davalos L, Desse J, Maurizi D, Montanini A, Chaparro G, Stagnaro J, Romani A, Bianchi A, Álvarez G, Palaoro A, Bernan M, Cabrera-Montesino R, Domínguez C, Rodríguez C, Silva C, Bogdanowicz E, Riera F, Benchetrit G, Perez I, Vimercati J, Marcos L, Ramasco L, Caridi M, Oyola M, Rodríguez M, Spadaro M, Olivieri M, Saul P, Juarez P, Pérez R, Botta P, Quintana D, Ríos A, Stagnaro J, Chediack V, Chilon W, Alsayegh AI, Yaseen FH, Hani LF, Sowar SF, Magray TA, Medeiros E, Alves De Oliveira A, Romario-Mendes A, Fernandes-Valente C, Santos C, Escudeiro D, Azevedo-Ferreira Lima D, Azevedo-Pereira D, Onzi-Siliprandi E, Serpa-Maia F, Aguiar-Leitao F, Assuncao-Ponte G, Dos Anjos-Lima J, Olszewski J, Harten Pinto Coelho K, Alves De Lima L, Mendonca M, Maciel-Canuto Amaral M, Tenorio M, Gerah S, Andrade-Oliveira-Reis M, Moreira M, Ximenes-Rocha Batista M, Campos-Uchoa R, Rocha-Vasconcelos Carneiro R, Amaral De Moraes R, Do Nascimento S, Moreira-Matos T, Lima-De Barros Araujo T, De Jesus Pinheiro-Bandeira T, Machado-Silva V, Santos Monteiro W, Hristozova E, Kostadinov E, Angelova K, Velinova V, Dicheva V, Guo X, Ye G, Li R, Song L, Liu K, Liu T, Song G, Wang C, Yang X, Yu H, Yang Y, Martínez A, Vargas-García A, Lagares-Guzmán A, González A, Linares C, Ávila-Acosta C, Santofimio D, Yepes-Gomez D, Marin-Tobar D, Mazo-Elorza D, Chapeta-Parada E, Camacho-Moreno G, Roncancio-Vill G, Valderrama-Marquez I, Ruiz-Gallardo J, Ospina-Martínez J, Osorio J, Marín-Uribe J, López J, Gualtero S, Rojas J, Gomez-Nieto K, Rincon L, Meneses-Ovallos L, Canas-Giraldo L, Burgos-Florez L, Amaral-Almeida Costa M, Rodriguez M, Barahona-Guzmán N, Mancera-Paez O, Rios-Arana P, Ortega R, Romero-Torres S, Pulido-Leon S, Valderrama S, Moreno-Mejia V, Raigoza-Martinez W, Villamil-Gomez W, Pardo-Lopez Y, Argüello-Ruiz A, Solano-Chinchilla A, Muñoz-Gutierrez G, Calvo-Hernández I, Maroto-Vargas L, Zuniga M, Valverde-Hernandez M, Chavarria-Ugalde O, Herrera B, Díaz C, Bovera M, Cevallos C, Pelaez C, Jara E, Delgado V, Coello-Gordon E, Picoita F, Guerrero-Toapant F, Valencia F, Santacruz G, Gonzalez H, Pazmino L, Garcia M, Arboleda M, Lascano M, Alquinga N, Ramírez V, Yousef RH, Moustafa AEM, Ahmed A, Elansary A, Ali AM, Hasanin A, Messih AA, Ramadan A, El Awady B, Hassan D, Abd El Aziz D, Hamza H, Agha HM, Ghazi IA, ElKholy J, Fattah MA, Elanany M, Mansour M, Haleim M, Fouda R, El-Sherif RH, Bekeit S, Bayani V, Elkholy Y, Abdelhamid Y, Salah Z, Rivera D, Chawla A, Manked A, Azim A, Mubarak A, Thakur A, Dharan A, Patil A, Sasidharan A, Bilolikar AK, Anirban Karmakar A, Mathew A, Kulkarni A, Agarwal A, Sriram A, Dwivedy A, Dasgupta A, Bhakta A, Suganya AR, Poojary A, Mani AK, Sakle A, Abraham BK, Padmini B, Ramachandran B, Ray B, Pati BK, Chaudhury BN, Mishra BM, Biswas S, Saibala MB, Jawadwala BQ, Rodrigues C, Modi C, Patel C, Khanna D, Devaprasad D, Divekar D, Aggarwal DG, Divatia J, Zala D, Pathrose E, Abubakar F, Chacko F, Gehlot G, Khanna G, Sale H, Roy I, Shelgaonkar J, Sorabjee J, Eappen J, Mathew J, Pal J, Varma K, Joshi KL, Sandhu K, Kelkar R, Ranganathan L, Pushparaj L, Lavate M, Latha M, Suryawanshi M, Bhattacharyya M, Kavathekar M, Agarwal MK, Patel M, Shah M, Sivakumar M, Kharbanda M, Bej M, Potdar M, Chakravarthy M, Karpagam M, Myatra S, Gita N, Rao N, Sen N, Ramakrishnan N, Jaggi N, Saini N, Pawar N, Modi N, Pandya N, Mohanty N, Thakkar P, Joshi P, Sahoo PK, Nair PK, Kumar PS, Patil P, Mukherjee P, Mathur P, Shah P, Sukanya R, Arjun R, Chawla R, Gopalakrishnan R, Venkataraman R, Raut S, Krupanandan R, Tejam R, Misra R, Debroy R, Saranya S, Narayanan S, Mishra S, Saseedharan S, Sengupta S, Patnaik S, Sinha S, Blessymole S, Rohra S, Rajagopal S, Mukherjee S, Sengupta S, John S, Bhattacharya S, Sijo, Bhattacharyya S, Singh S, Sohanlal T, Vadi S, Dalal S, Todi S, Kumar S, Kansal S, Misra S, Bhattacharyya S, Nirkhiwale S, Purkayastha SK, Mukherjee S, Singh S, Sahu S, Sharma S, Kumar S, Basu S, Shetty S, Shah S, Singhal T, Francis T, Anand T, Venkateshwar V, Thomas V, Kothari V, Velupandi, Kantroo V, Sitohang G, Kadarsih R, Sanaei A, Maghsudi B, Sabetian G, Masjedi M, Alebouyeh M, Sherafat SJ, Mohamed YK, Al Khamis A, Alsaadi AS, Al-Jarie AA, Mutwalli AH, Rillorta A, Thomas A, Kelany A, Manao A, Alamri DM, Santiago E, Cruzpero E, Sawan FA, Al Qasmah FA, Alabdaly H, Al-Dossary HA, Ahmed H, Roshdi H, Al-Alkami HY, Hanafi H, Ammari HE, Hani HMA, Asiri IAA, Mendoza JA, Philipose J, Selga JO, Kehkashan, Ghalilah KM, Redito LS, Josph L, Al-Alawi M, Al-Gethamy MM, Madco M, Manuel M, Girvan M, Aldalaton M, De Guzman M, Alkhamaly M, Masfar M, Karrar MAA, Al Azmi MM, Quisai ML, Torres MM, Al-Abdullah N, Tawfic NA, Elsayed N, Abdulkhalik NS, Bugis NA, Ariola NC, Gad N, Alghosn N, Tashkandi N, Zharani NA, De Vera P, Krishnan R, Al Shehri RH, Jaha RNA, Thomas R, Cresencia RL, Penuliar R, Lozada R, Al Qahtani S, Twfik S, Al Faraj SH, El-Sherbiny S, Alih SJB, Briones S, Bukhari SZ, Alotaibi TSA, Gopal U, Nair U, Abdulatif WA, Hussain WM, Demotica WM, Spahija G, Baftiu N, Gashi A, Omar AA, Mohamed A, Rebello F, Almousa HH, Abdo NM, George S, Khamis S, Thomas S, Ahmad Zaatari A, Anwar Al Souheil A, Ayash H, Zeid I, Tannous J, Zahreddine N, Ahmadieh R, Mahfouz T, Kardas T, Tanzi V, Kanafani Z, Hammoud Z, Dagys A, Grinkeviciute D, Kevalas R, Kondratas T, Petrovska M, Popovska K, Mitrev Z, Miteva ZB, Jankovska K, Guroska ST, Gan CS, Othman AA, Yusof AM, Abidin ASZ, Aziz FA, Weng FK, Zainol H, Bakar KBA, Lum LCS, Mansor M, Zaman MK, Jamaluddin MFH, Hasan MS, Rahman RA, Zaini RHM, Zhazali R, Sri Ponnampala SSL, Chuah SL, Shukeri WFWM, Hassan WNW, Yusoff WNW, Mat WRW, Cureno-Diaz M, Aguirre-Avalos G, Flores-Alvarado A, Cerero-Gudino A, Zamores-Pedroza A, Cano-Munoz B, Hernandez-Chena B, Carreon-Martinez C, Coronado-Magana H, Corona-Jimenez F, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Alcala-Martinez E, Gonzalez-Diaz E, Guerra-Infante F, Arteaga-Troncoso G, Martinez-Falcon G, Leon-Garnica G, Delgado-Aguirre H, Perez-Gomez H, Sosa-Gonzalez I, Galindo-Olmeda J, Ayala-Gaytan J, Rodriguez-Pacheco J, Zamorano-Flores L, Lopez-Pulgarin J, Miranda-Novales M, Ramírez M, Lopez-Hurtado M, Lozano M, Gomez M, Sanchez-Castuera M, Kasten-Monges M, Gonzalez-Martinez M, Sanchez-Vargas M, Culebro-Burguet M, Altuzar-Figueroa M, Mijangos-Mendez J, Ramires O, Espinosa O, De Leon-Escobedo R, Salas-Flores R, Ruiz-Rendon R, Petersen-Morfin S, Aguirre-Diaz S, Esparza-Ahumada S, Vega-Gonzalez S, Gaona-Flores V, Monroy-Colin V, Cruz-Rivera Z, Bat-Erdene A, Narankhuu B, Choijamts B, Tuvdennyam B, Batkhuu B, Chuluunchimeg K, Enkhtsetseg D, Batjargal G, Bayasgalan G, Dorj M, Mendsaikhan N, Baatar O, Suvderdene P, Baigalmaa S, Khajidmaa T, Begzjav T, Tsuyanga, Ariyasuren Z, Zeggwagh A, Berechid K, Abidi K, Madani N, Abouqal R, Koirala A, Giri R, Sainju S, Acharya SP, Ahmed A, Raza A, Parveen A, Sultan F, Khan M, Paul N, Daud N, Yusuf S, Nizamuddin S, Garcia-Mayorca E, Castaño E, Moreno-Castillo J, Ballinas-Aquino J, Lara L, Vargas M, Rojas-Bonilla M, Ramos S, Mapp T, De Iturrado V, La Hoz Vergara C, Linares-Calderon C, Moreno D, Ramirez E, Ramírez Wong F, Montenegro-Orrego G, Sandoval-Castillo H, Pichilingue-Chagray J, Mueras-Quevedo J, Aibar-Yaranga K, Castillo-Bravo L, Santivanez-Monge L, Mayorga-Espichan M, Rosario-Tueros M, Changano-Rodriguez M, Salazar-Ramirez N, Marquez-Mondalgo V, Tajanlangit ALN, Tamayo AS, Llames CMJP, Labro E, Dy AP, Fortin J, Bergosa L, Salvio L, Bermudez V, Sg-Buenaflor M, Trajano M, Mendoza M, Javellana O, Maglente R, Arreza-Galapia Y, Navoa-Ng J, Kubler A, Barteczko-Grajek B, Dragan B, Zurawska M, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz M, Zielinska M, Ramos-Ortiz G, Florin-Rogobete A, Vlad CD, Muntean D, Sandesc D, Papurica M, Licker M, Bedreag OH, Popescu R, Grecu S, Dumitrascu V, Molkov A, Galishevskiy D, Furman M, Simic A, Lekic D, Ristic G, Eremija J, Kojovic J, Nikolic L, Bjelovic M, Lesnakova A, Hlinkova S, Gamar-Elanbya M, Supa N, Prasan P, Pimathai R, Wanitanukool S, Somabutr S, Ben-Jaballah N, Borgi A, Bouziri A, Dilek A, Oncul A, Kaya A, Demiroz AP, Gunduz A, Ozgultekin A, Inan A, Yalcin A, Ramazanoglu A, Engin A, Willke A, Meco BC, Aygun C, Bulut C, Uzun C, Becerik C, Hatipoglu CA, Guclu CY, Ozdemir D, Yildizdas D, Ugurcan D, Azak E, Guclu E, Yilmaz EM, Sebnem-Erdinc F, Sirmatel F, Ulger F, Sari F, Kizilates F, Usluer G, Ceylan G, Ersoz G, Kaya G, Ertem GT, Senol G, Agin H, Cabadak H, Yilmaz H, Sungurtekin H, Zengin H, Turgut H, Ozgunes I, Devrim I, Erdem I, Işcanlı IGE, Bakir MM, Geyik M, Oral M, Meric M, Cengiz M, Ozcelik M, Altindis M, Sunbul M, Elaldi N, Kuyucu N, Unal N, Oztoprak N, Yasar N, Erben N, Bayram N, Dursun O, Karabay O, Coskun O, Horoz OO, Turhan O, Sandal OS, Tekin R, Esen S, Erdogan SY, Unal S, Karacorlu S, Sen S, Sen S, Sacar S, Yarar V, Oruc Y, Sahip Y, Kaya Z, Philip A, Elhoufi A, Alrahma H, Sachez E, Perez F, Empaire G, Vidal H, Montes-Bravo L, Guzman Siritt M, Orozco N, Navarrete N, Ruiz Y, De Anez ZDG, Van Trang DT, Minh DQ, Co DX, Anh DPP, Thu LTA, Tuyet LTD, Nguyet LTT, Chau NU, Binh NG, Tien NP, Anh NQ, Hang PT, Hanh TTM, Hang TTT, Thu TA, Thoa VTH. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium report, data summary of 50 countries for 2010-2015: Device-associated module. Am J Infect Control 2016; 44:1495-1504. [PMID: 27742143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We report the results of International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2010-December 2015 in 703 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Southeast Asia, and Western Pacific. METHODS During the 6-year study period, using Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC-NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 861,284 patients hospitalized in INICC hospital ICUs for an aggregate of 3,506,562 days. RESULTS Although device use in INICC ICUs was similar to that reported from CDC-NHSN ICUs, DA-HAI rates were higher in the INICC ICUs: in the INICC medical-surgical ICUs, the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection, 4.1 per 1,000 central line-days, was nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.8 per 1,000 central line-days reported from comparable US ICUs, the overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher, 13.1 versus 0.9 per 1,000 ventilator-days, as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection, 5.07 versus 1.7 per 1,000 catheter-days. From blood cultures samples, frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (29.87% vs 10%) and to imipenem (44.3% vs 26.1%), and of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (73.2% vs 28.8%) and to imipenem (43.27% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC ICUs compared with CDC-NHSN ICUs. CONCLUSIONS Although DA-HAIs in INICC ICU patients continue to be higher than the rates reported in CDC-NSHN ICUs representing the developed world, we have observed a significant trend toward the reduction of DA-HAI rates in INICC ICUs as shown in each international report. It is INICC's main goal to continue facilitating education, training, and basic and cost-effective tools and resources, such as standardized forms and an online platform, to tackle this problem effectively and systematically.
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Rajagopal S, Kaye C, Lall R, Deakin C, Gates S, Pocock H, Quinn T, Rees N, Smyth M, Perkins G. Characteristics of patients who are not resuscitated in out of hospital cardiac arrests and opportunities to improve community response to cardiac arrest. Resuscitation 2016; 109:110-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2016.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Vora A, Kapoor A, Nair M, Lokhandwala Y, Narsimhan C, Ravikishore AG, Dwivedi SK, Namboodiri N, Hygriv R, Saxena A, Nabar A, Garg S, Bardoloi N, Yadav R, Nambiar A, Pandurangi U, Jhala D, Naik A, Nagmallesh, Rajagopal S, Selvaraj R, Arora V, Thachil A, Thomas J, Panicker G. Clinical presentation, management, and outcomes in the Indian Heart Rhythm Society-Atrial Fibrillation (IHRS-AF) registry. Indian Heart J 2016; 69:43-47. [PMID: 28228305 PMCID: PMC5319007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim A national atrial fibrillation (AF) registry was conducted under the aegis of the Indian Heart Rhythm Society (IHRS), to capture epidemiological data-type of AF, clinical presentation and comorbidities, current treatment practices, and 1-year follow-up outcomes. Methods A total of 1537 patients were enrolled from 24 sites in India in the IHRS-AF registry from July 2011 to August 2012. Their baseline characteristics and follow-up data were recorded in case report forms and subsequently analyzed. Results The average age of Indian AF patients was 54.7 years. There was a marginal female preponderance – 51.5% females and 48.5% males. At baseline, 20.4% had paroxysmal AF; 33% had persistent AF; 35.1% had permanent AF and 11% had first AF episode. At one-year follow-up, 45.6% patients had permanent AF. Rheumatic valvular heart disease (RHD) was present in 47.6% of patients. Hypertension, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and diabetes were seen in 31.4%, 18.7%, 16.2%, and 16.1%, respectively. Rate control was the strategy used in 75.2% patients, digoxin and beta-blockers being the most frequently prescribed rate-control drugs. Oral anticoagulation (OAC) drugs were used in 70% of patients. The annual mortality was 6.5%, hospitalization 8%, and incidence of stroke 1%. Conclusions In India, AF patients are younger and RHD is still the most frequent etiology. Almost two-third of the patients have persistent/permanent AF. At one-year follow-up, there is a significant mortality and morbidity in AF patients in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vora
- Arrhythmia Associates, Mumbai, India.
| | - A Kapoor
- Department of Cardiology, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - M Nair
- Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | | | - C Narsimhan
- Division of Electrophysiology, Care Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - S K Dwivedi
- Department of Cardiology, King George Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - N Namboodiri
- Department of Cardiology, Sri Chitra Trinumal Hospital, Trivandrum, India
| | - R Hygriv
- KIMS Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Saxena
- Cardiac Pacing & Electrophysiology, Fortis Escorts Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Nabar
- Department of Cardiology, KEM Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - S Garg
- Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - N Bardoloi
- Cardiology Department, Apollo Hospital, Guwahati, India
| | - R Yadav
- Department of Cardiology, AIIMS Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - A Nambiar
- Cardiology, Baby Memorial Hospital, Kozhikode, India
| | | | - D Jhala
- Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - A Naik
- Division of Electrophysiology, CIMS Hospital, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nagmallesh
- M.S. Ramaiah Memorial Hospital, Bengaluru, India
| | - S Rajagopal
- Department of Cardiology, Railway Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - R Selvaraj
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | - V Arora
- Division of Electrophysiology, Max Superspeciality Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - A Thachil
- Division of Electrophysiology, Lisie Hospital, Kochi, India
| | - J Thomas
- Frontier Lifeline Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - G Panicker
- Quintiles Cardiac Safety Services, Mumbai, India
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Rajagopal S, Bharaneswari M, Nataraj D, Khyzhun OY, Djaoued Y. Systematic synthesis and analysis of change in morphology, electronic structure and photoluminescence properties of 2,2′-dipyridyl intercalated MoO3 hybrid nanostructures and investigation of their photocatalytic activity. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13558g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
An organic–inorganic hybrid was synthesized using 2,2′-dipyridyl and MoO3 nanorods via simple hydrothermal method. Here, dipyridyl has acted as stretching molecule and bonded the MoO3 nanorods together along the length to form hybrid micro crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Rajagopal
- Thin Films & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore–641046
- India
| | - M. Bharaneswari
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore–632014
- India
| | - D. Nataraj
- Thin Films & Nanomaterials Research Laboratory
- Department of Physics
- Bharathiar University
- Coimbatore–641046
- India
| | - O. Y. Khyzhun
- Department of Structural Chemistry of Solids
- Frantsevych Institute for Problems of Materials Science
- National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- UA-03142 Kyiv
- Ukraine
| | - Yahia Djaoued
- Laboratoire de recherche en matériaux et Micro-spectroscopies Raman et FTIR
- Université de Moncton-Campus de Shippagan
- Shippagan
- Canada E8S 1P6
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Karuppasamy P, Thiruppathi D, Vijaya Sundar J, Rajapandian V, Ganesan M, Rajendran T, Rajagopal S, Nagarajan N, Rajendran P, Sivasubramanian VK. Spectral, Computational, Electrochemical and Antibacterial Studies of Iron(III)–Salen Complexes. Arab J Sci Eng 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-015-1599-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Nalli AD, Rajagopal S, Mahavadi S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Inhibition of RhoA-dependent pathway and contraction by endogenous hydrogen sulfide in rabbit gastric smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 308:C485-95. [PMID: 25567809 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00280.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitory neurotransmitters, chiefly nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide, increase cyclic nucleotide levels and inhibit muscle contraction via inhibition of myosin light chain (MLC) kinase and activation of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). H2S produced as an endogenous signaling molecule synthesized mainly from l-cysteine via cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) regulates muscle contraction. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CSE and H2S function in the regulation of MLCP activity, 20-kDa regulatory light chain of myosin II (MLC20) phosphorylation, and contraction in isolated gastric smooth muscle cells. Both mRNA expression and protein expression of CSE, but not CBS, were detected in smooth muscle cells of rabbit, human, and mouse stomach. l-cysteine, an activator of CSE, and NaHS, a donor of H2S, inhibited carbachol-induced Rho kinase and PKC activity, Rho kinase-sensitive phosphorylation of MYPT1, PKC-sensitive phosphorylation of CPI-17, and MLC20 phosphorylation and sustained muscle contraction. The inhibitory effects of l-cysteine, but not NaHS, were blocked upon suppression of CSE expression by siRNA or inhibition of its activity by dl-propargylglycine (PPG) suggesting that the effect of l-cysteine is mediated via activation of CSE. Glibenclamide, an inhibitor of KATP channels, had no effect on the inhibition of contraction by H2S. Both l-cysteine and NaHS had no effect on basal cAMP and cGMP levels but augmented forskolin-induced cAMP and SNP-induced cGMP formation. We conclude that both endogenous and exogenous H2S inhibit muscle contraction, and the mechanism involves inhibition of Rho kinase and PKC activities and stimulation of MLCP activity leading to MLC20 dephosphorylation and inhibition of muscle contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ancy D Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Rajagopal S, Nalli AD, Kumar DP, Bhattacharya S, Hu W, Mahavadi S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Cytokine-induced S-nitrosylation of soluble guanylyl cyclase and expression of phosphodiesterase 1A contribute to dysfunction of longitudinal smooth muscle relaxation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014; 352:509-18. [PMID: 25550199 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.221929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of proinflammatory cytokines on the expression and activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and cGMP-phosphodiesterases (PDEs) was determined in intestinal longitudinal smooth muscle. In control muscle cells, cGMP levels are regulated via activation of sGC and PDE5; the activity of the latter is regulated via feedback phosphorylation by cGMP-dependent protein kinase. In muscle cells isolated from muscle strips cultured with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) or obtained from the colon of TNBS (2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid)-treated mice, expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was induced and sGC was S-nitrosylated, resulting in attenuation of nitric oxide (NO)-induced sGC activity and cGMP formation. The effect of cytokines on sGC S-nitrosylation and activity was blocked by the iNOS inhibitor 1400W [N-([3-(aminomethyl)phenyl]methyl)ethanimidamide dihydrochloride]. The effect of cytokines on cGMP levels measured in the absence of IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine), however, was partly reversed by 1400W or PDE1 inhibitor vinpocetine and completely reversed by a combination of 1400W and vinpocetine. Expression of PDE1A was induced and was accompanied by an increase in PDE1A activity in muscle cells isolated from muscle strips cultured with IL-1β or TNF-α or obtained from the colon of TNBS-treated mice; the effect of cytokines on PDE1 expression and activity was blocked by MG132 (benzyl N-[(2S)-4-methyl-1-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-[[(2S)-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]carbamate), an inhibitor of nuclear factor κB activity. NO-induced muscle relaxation was inhibited in longitudinal muscle cells isolated from muscle strips cultured with IL-1β or TNF-α or obtained from the colon of TNBS-treated mice, and this inhibition was completely reversed by the combination of both 1400W and vinpocetine. Inhibition of smooth muscle relaxation during inflammation reflects the combined effects of decreased sGC activity via S-nitrosylation and increased cGMP hydrolysis via PDE1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ancy D Nalli
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Wenhui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
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Bala V, Rajagopal S, Kumar DP, Nalli AD, Mahavadi S, Sanyal AJ, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Release of GLP-1 and PYY in response to the activation of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor TGR5 is mediated by Epac/PLC-ε pathway and modulated by endogenous H2S. Front Physiol 2014; 5:420. [PMID: 25404917 PMCID: PMC4217307 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of plasma membrane TGR5 receptors in enteroendocrine cells by bile acids is known to regulate gastrointestinal secretion and motility and glucose homeostasis. The endocrine functions of the gut are modulated by microenvironment of the distal gut predominantly by sulfur-reducing bacteria of the microbiota that produce H2S. However, the mechanisms involved in the release of peptide hormones, GLP-1 and PYY in response to TGR5 activation by bile acids and the effect of H2S on bile acid-induced release of GLP-1 and PYY are unclear. In the present study, we have identified the signaling pathways activated by the bile acid receptor TGR5 to mediate GLP-1 and PYY release and the mechanism of inhibition of their release by H2S in enteroendocrine cells. The TGR5 ligand oleanolic acid (OA) stimulated Gαs and cAMP formation, and caused GLP-1 and PYY release. OA-induced cAMP formation and peptide release were blocked by TGR5 siRNA. OA also caused an increase in PI hydrolysis and intracellular Ca2+. Increase in PI hydrolysis was abolished in cells transfected with PLC-ε siRNA. 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP, a selective activator of Epac, stimulated PI hydrolysis, and GLP-1 and PYY release. L-Cysteine, which activates endogenous H2S producing enzymes cystathionine-γ-lyase and cystathionine-β-synthase, and NaHS and GYY4137, which generate H2S, inhibited PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release in response to OA or 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP. Propargylglycine, an inhibitor of CSE, reversed the effect of L-cysteine on PI hydrolysis and GLP-1 and PYY release. We conclude: (i) activation of Gαs-coupled TGR5 receptors causes stimulation of PI hydrolysis, and release of GLP-1 and PYY via a PKA-independent, cAMP-dependent mechanism involving Epac/PLC-ε/Ca2+ pathway, and (ii) H2S has potent inhibitory effects on GLP-1 and PYY release in response to TGR5 activation, and the mechanism involves inhibition of PLC-ε/Ca2+ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Bala
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ancy D Nalli
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Arun J Sanyal
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - John R Grider
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, VA, USA
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Rajagopal S, Fields BL, Kamatchi GL. Contribution of protein kinase Cα in the stimulation of insulin by the down-regulation of Cavβ subunits. Endocrine 2014; 47:463-71. [PMID: 24452871 PMCID: PMC4176602 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-013-0149-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium (Cav) channels and protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are involved in insulin secretion. In addition, Cavβ, one of the auxiliary subunits of Cav channels, also regulates the secretion of insulin as knockout of Cavβ3 (β3(-/-)) subunits in mice led to efficient glucose homeostasis and increased insulin levels. We examined whether other types of Cavβ subunits also have similar properties. In this regard, we used small interfering RNA (siRNA) of these subunits (20 μg each) to down-regulate them and examined blood glucose, serum insulin and PKC translocation in isolated pancreatic β cells of mice. While the down-regulation of Cavβ2 and β3 subunits increased serum insulin levels and caused efficient glucose homeostasis, the down-regulation of Cavβ1 and β4 subunits failed to affect both these parameters. Examination of PKC isozymes in the pancreatic β-cells of Cavβ2- or β3 siRNA-injected mice showed that three PKC isozymes, viz., PKC α, βII and θ, translocated to the membrane. This suggests that when present, Cavβ2 and β3 subunits inhibited PKC activation. Among these three isozymes, only PKCα siRNA inhibited insulin and increased glucose concentrations. It is possible that the activation of PKCs βII and θ is not sufficient for the release of insulin and PKCα is the mediator of insulin secretion under the control of Cavβ subunits. Since Cavβ subunits are present intracellularly, it is possible that they (1) inhibited the translocation of PKC isozymes to the membrane and (2) decreased the interaction between Cav channels and PKC isozymes and thus the secretion of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- Department of Zoology, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, 500001, Andhra Pradesh, India
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Rajagopal S, Fields B, Burton B, On C, Reeder A, Kamatchi G. Inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) response of voltage-gated calcium (Cav)2.2 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes by Cavβ subunits. Neuroscience 2014; 280:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Rajagopal S, Nalli AD, Kumar DP, Bhattacharya S, Hu W, Mahavadi S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Cytokine-Induced S-Nitrosylation of Soluble Guanylyl Cyclase and Expression of Phosphodiesterase 1A Contribute to Dysfunction of Longitudinal Smooth Muscle Relaxation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.114.218156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Rosenthal VD, Maki DG, Mehta Y, Leblebicioglu H, Memish ZA, Al-Mousa HH, Balkhy H, Hu B, Alvarez-Moreno C, Medeiros EA, Apisarnthanarak A, Raka L, Cuellar LE, Ahmed A, Navoa-Ng JA, El-Kholy AA, Kanj SS, Bat-Erdene I, Duszynska W, Van Truong N, Pazmino LN, See-Lum LC, Fernández-Hidalgo R, Di-Silvestre G, Zand F, Hlinkova S, Belskiy V, Al-Rahma H, Luque-Torres MT, Bayraktar N, Mitrev Z, Gurskis V, Fisher D, Abu-Khader IB, Berechid K, Rodríguez-Sánchez A, Horhat FG, Requejo-Pino O, Hadjieva N, Ben-Jaballah N, García-Mayorca E, Kushner-Dávalos L, Pasic S, Pedrozo-Ortiz LE, Apostolopoulou E, Mejía N, Gamar-Elanbya MO, Jayatilleke K, de Lourdes-Dueñas M, Aguirre-Avalos G, Maurizi DM, Montanini A, Spadaro ML, Marcos LS, Botta P, Jerez FM, Chavez MC, Ramasco L, Colqui MI, Olivieri MS, Rearte AS, Correa GE, Juarez PD, Gallardo PF, Brito MP, Mendez GH, Valdez JR, Cardena LP, Harystoy JM, Chaparro GJ, Rodriguez CG, Toomey R, Caridi M, Viegas M, Bernan ML, Romani A, Dominguez CB, Davalos LK, Richtmann R, Silva CA, Rodrigues TT, Filho AM, Seerig Palme ED, Besen A, Lazzarini C, Cardoso CB, Azevedo FK, Pinheiro APF, Camacho A, De Carvalho BM, De Assis MJM, Carneiro APV, Canuto MLM, Pinto Coelho KH, Moreira T, Oliveira AA, Sousa Colares MM, De Paula Bessa MM, Gomes Bandeira TDJP, De Moraes RA, Campos DA, De Barros Araújo TML, Freitas Tenório MT, Amorim S, Amaral M, Da Luz Lima J, Pino Da Silva Neta L, Batista C, De Lima Silva FJ, Ferreira De Souza MC, Arruda Guimaraes K, Marcia Maluf Lopes J, Nogueira Napoles KM, Neto Avelar LLS, Vieira LA, Gustavo De Oliveira Cardo L, Takeda CF, Ponte GA, Eduardo Aguiar Leitão F, De Souza Kuchenbecker R, Pires Dos Santos R, Maria Onzi Siliprandi E, Fernando Baqueiro Freitas L, Martins IS, Casi D, Maretti Da Silva MA, Blecher S, Villins M, Salomao R, Oliveira Castro SR, Da Silva Escudero DV, Andrade Oliveira Reis M, Mendonca M, Furlan V, Claudio do Amaral Baruzzi A, Sanchez TE, Moreira M, Vasconcelos de Freitas W, Passos de Souza L, Velinova VA, Hadjieva N, Petrov MM, Karadimov DG, Kostadinov ED, Dicheva VJ, Wang C, Guo X, Geng X, Wang S, Zhang J, Zhu L, Zhuo S, Guo C, Lili T, Ruisheng L, Kun L, Yang X, Yimin L, Pu M, Changan L, Shumei Y, Kangxiong W, Meiyi L, Ye G, Ziqin X, Yao S, Liqiang S, Marino Cañas Giraldo L, Margarita Trujillo Ramirez E, Rios PA, Carlos Torres Millan J, Giovanny Chapeta Parada E, Eduardo Mindiola Rochel A, Corchuelo Martinez AH, Marãa Perez Fernandez A, Guzman NB, Guzman AL, Ferrer MR, Vega YL, Munoz HJ, Moreno GC, Romero Torres SL, Hernandez HT, Valderrama MarquezClaudia Linares IA, Valencia ME, Corrales LS, Bonilla SM, Ivan Marin Uribe J, Gomez DY, Martinez JO, Dary Burgos Florez L, Osorio J, Santofimio D, Cortes LM, Villamil-Gomez W, Gutierrez GM, Ruiz AA, Fuentes CG, Chinchilla AS, Hernandez IC, Ugalde OC, Garcell HG, Perez CM, Bardak S, Ozkan S, Mejia N, Puello Guerrero Glenny Mirabal AM, Delgado M, Severino R, Lacerda E, Tolari G, Bovera MM, Pinto DB, González PF, Santacruz G, Alquinga N, Zaruma C, Remache N, Morocho D, Arboleda M, Zapata MC, Garcia MF, Picoita F, Velez J, Valle M, Yepez ES, Tutillo DM, Mora RA, Padilla AP, Chango M, Cabezas K, Tenorio López S, Lucía Bonilla Escudero A, Sánchez GT, Alberto Gonzalez Flores H, Garcia MF, Ghazi IA, Hassan M, Ismail GA, Hamed R, Abdel-Halim MM, El-Fattah MA, Abdel-Aziz D, Seliem ZS, Elsherif RH, Dewdar RA, Mohmed AA, Abdel-Fatteh Ahmed L, De Jesus Machuca L, Bran De Casares C, Kithreotis P, Daganou M, Veldekis D, Kartsonaki M, Gikas A, Luque Torres MT, Padgett D, Rivera DM, Jaggi N, Rodrigues C, Shah B, Parikh K, Patel J, Thakkar R, Chakravarthy M, Gokul B, Sukanya R, Pushparaj L, Vini T, Rangaswamy S, Patnaik SK, Venkateshwar V, John B, Dalal S, Sahu S, Sahu S, Ray B, Misra S, Mohanty N, Mishra BM, Sahoo P, Parmar N, Mishra S, Pati BK, Singh S, Pati BS, Panda A, Banergee S, Padhihari D, Samal S, Sahu S, Varma K, Suresh Kumar VP, Gopalakrishnan R, Ramakrishnan N, Abraham BK, Rajagopal S, Venkatraman R, Mani AK, Devaprasad D, Ranganathan L, Francis T, Cherain KM, Ramachandran B, Krupanandan R, Muralidharan S, Karpagam M, Padmini B, Saranya S, Kumar S, Pandya N, Kakkar R, Zompa T, Saini N, Samavedam S, Jagathkar G, Nirkhiwale S, Gehlot G, Bhattacharya S, Sood S, Singh S, Singh S, Todi SK, Bhattacharyya M, Bhakta A, Basu S, Agarwal A, Agarwal M, Kharbanda M, Sengupta S, Karmakar A, Gupta D, Sarkar AK, Dey R, Bhattacharya C, Chandy M, Ramanan V, Mahajan A, Roy M, Bhattacharya S, Sinha S, Roy I, Gupta U, Mukherjee S, Bej M, Mukherjee P, Baidya S, Azim A, Sakle AS, Sorabjee JS, Potdar MS, Subhedar VR, Udwadia F, Francis H, Dwivedy A, Binu S, Shetty S, Nair PK, Khanna DK, Chacko F, Blessymole S, Mehta PR, Singhal T, Shah S, Kothari V, Naik R, Patel MH, Aggarwal DG, Jawadwala BQ, Pawar NK, Kardekar SN, Manked AN, Myatra S, Divatia J, Kelkar R, Biswas S, Raut V, Sampat S, Thool A, Karlekar A, Nandwani S, Gupta S, Singhal S, Gupta M, Mathur P, Kumar S, Sandhu K, Dasgupta A, Raha A, Raman P, Wadhera A, Badyal B, Juneja S, Mishra B, Sharma S, Mehrotra M, Shelgaonkar J, Padbidri V, Dhawale R, Sibin SM, Mane D, Sale HK, Mukhit Abdul Gaffar Kazi M, Chabukswar S, Mathew A, Gaikwad D, Harshe A, Nadimpalli G, Bhamare S, Thorat S, Sarda O, Nadimpalli P, Mendonca A, Malik S, Kamble A, Kumari N, Arora S, Munshi N, Divekar DG, Kavathekar MS, Kulkarni AK, Kavathekar MS, Suryawanshi MV, Bommala ML, Bilolikar A, Joshi KL, Pamnani C, Wasan H, Khamkar S, Steephen L, Rajalakshmi A, Thair A, Mubarak A, Sathish S, Kumar S, Sunil H, Sujith S, Dinesh, Sen N, Thool A, Shinde N, Alebouyeh M, Jahani-Sherafat S, Zali MR, Sarbazi MR, Mansouri N, Tajeddin E, Razaghi M, Seyedjavadi S, Tajeddin E, Rashidan M, Razaghi M, Masjedi M, Maghsudi B, Sabetian G, Sanaei A, Yousefipour A, Alebouyeh M, Assiri AM, Furukawa-Cinquini EM, Alshehri AD, Giani AF, Demaisip NL, Cortez EL, Cabato AF, Gonzales Celiz JM, Al-Zaydani Asiri IA, Mohammed YK, Abdullah Al Raey M, Omer Abdul Aziz A, Ali Al Darani S, Aziz MR, Basri RH, Al-Awadi DK, Bukhari SZ, Aromin RG, Ubalde EB, Molano AM, Abdullah Al Enizy H, Baldonado CF, Al Adwani FM, Marie Casuyon Pahilanga A, Tan AM, Joseph S, Nair DS, Al-Abdullah NA, Sindayen G, Malificio AA, Mohammed DA, Mesfer Al Ghamdi H, Silo AC, Valisto MBV, Foteinakis N, Ghazal SS, Joseph MV, Hakawi A, Hasani A, Jusufi I, Spahija G, Baftiu N, Gecaj-Gashi A, Aly NY, El-Dossoky Noweir M, Varghese ST, Ramapurath RJ, Mohamed AM, George SM, Kurian A, Sayed AF, Salama MF, Omar AA, Rebello FM, Narciso DM, Zahreddine NK, Kanafani Z, Kardas T, Molaeb B, Jurdi L, Al Souheil A, Ftouni M, Ayash H, Mahfouz T, Kondratas T, Grinkeviciute D, Kevalas R, Gailiene G, Dagys A, Petrovska M, Popovska K, Bogoevska-Miteva Z, Jankovska K, Guroska ST, Anguseva T, Wan Yusoff WN, Shiham Zainal Abidin A, Gan CS, Zainol H, Rai V, Kwong WK, Hasan MS, Sri La Sri Ponnampala S, Veerakumaran J, Assadian O, Phuong DM, Binh NG, Kaur K, Lim J, Tan LH, Manikavasagam J, Cheong YM, Magaña HC, Cesar Mijangos Méndez J, Jiménez FC, Esparza-Ahumada S, Morfin-Otero R, Rodriguez-Noriega E, Gutierrez-Martinez S, Perez-Gomez HR, León-Garnica G, Mendoza-Mujica C, Cecilia Culebro Burguet M, Portillo-Gallo JH, Almazán FA, Miramontes GI, Olivas MDRV, Aguilar Angel LA, Vargas MS, Orlando Flores Alvarado A, Carlos Mares Morales R, Carlos Fernandez Alvarez L, Armando Rincon Leon H, Navarro Fuentes KR, Mariela Perez Hernandez Y, Falcon GM, Vargas AG, Trujillo Juarez MA, Mulia AM, Alma Ulloa Camacho P, Martinez-Marroquin MY, Garcia MM, Martinez AM, Sanchez EL, Flores GG, Martínez MDRG, Alfonso Galindo Olmeda J, Olivarez G, Rodriguez EB, Magdalena Gutierrez Castillo M, Guadalupe Villa González M, Beatriz Sauceda Castañeda I, Rodriguez JM, Baatar O, Batkhuu B, Meryem K, Amina B, Abouqal R, Zeggwagh AA, Dendane T, Abidi K, Madani N, Mahmood SF, Memon BA, Bhutto GH, Paul N, Parveen A, Raza A, Mahboob A, Nizamuddin S, Sultan F, Nazeer H, Khan AA, Hafeez A, Lara L, Mapp T, Alvarez B, Rojas-Bonilla MI, Castano E, De Moros DA, Atarama RE, Calisto Pazos ME, Paucar A, Ramos MT, Jurado J, Moreno D, Cruz Saldarriaga ME, Ramirez E, La Hoz Vergara CE, Enrique Prudencio Leon W, Isidro Castillo Bravo L, Fernanda Aibar Yaranga K, Pichilingue Chagray JE, Marquez Mondalgo VA, Zegarra ST, Astete NS, Guevara FC, Pastrana JS, Enrique Prudencio Leon W, Linares Calderon CF, Jesus Mayorga Espichan M, Martin Santivanez Monge L, Changano Rodriguez MV, Rosa Diaz Tavera Z, Martin Ramirez Wong F, Chavez SM, Rosa Diaz Tavera Z, Martin Ramirez Wong F, Atencio-Espinoza T, Villanueva VD, Blanco-Abuy MT, Tamayo AS, Bergosa LD, Llames CMJP, Trajano MF, Bunsay SA, Amor JC, Berba R, Sg Buenaflor MC, Labro E, Mendoza MT, Javellana OP, Salvio LG, Rayco RG, Bermudez V, Kubler A, Zielinska M, Kosmider-Zurawska M, Barteczko-Grajek B, Szewczyk E, Dragan B, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz MA, Lazowski T, Cancel E, Licker MS, Dragomirescu LA, Dumitrascu V, Sandesc D, Bedreag O, Papurica M, Muntean D, Kotkov I, Kretov V, Shalapuda V, Molkov A, Puzanov S, Utkin I, Tchekulaev A, Tulupova V, Nikolic L, Ristic G, Eremija J, Kojovic J, Lekic D, Vasiljevic S, Lesnakova A, Marcekova A, Furova K, Gamar Elanbya MO, Ali MA, Kadankunnel SK, Somabutr S, Pimathai R, Wanitanukool S, Luxsuwong M, Supa N, Prasan P, Thamlikitkul V, Jamulitrat S, Suwalak N, Phainuphong P, Asma B, Aida B, Sarra BH, Ammar K, Ertem GT, Bulut C, Hatipoglu CA, Erdinc FS, Demiroz AP, Ozcelik M, Meco BC, Oral M, Unal N, Guclu CY, Kendirli T, İnce E, Çiftçi E, Yaman A, Ödek Ç, Karbuz A, Kocabaş BA, Altın N, Cesur S, Atasay B, Erdeve O, Akduman H, Kahvecioglu D, Cakir U, Yildiz D, Kilic A, Arsan S, Arman D, Unal S, Gelebek Y, Zengin H, Sen S, Cabadak H, Erbay A, Yalcin AN, Turhan O, Cengiz M, Dursun O, Gunasan P, Kaya S, Ramazanoglu A, Ustun C, Yasayacak A, Akdeniz H, Sirmatel F, Otkun AM, Sacar S, Sener A, Turgut H, Sungurtekin H, Ugurcan D, Necan C, Yilmaz C, Ozdemir D, Geyik MF, Ince N, Danis A, Erdogan SY, Erben N, Usluer G, Ozgunes I, Uzun C, Oncul O, Gorenek L, Erdem H, Baylan O, Ozgultekin A, Inan A, Bolukcu S, Senol G, Ozdemir H, Gokmen Z, Ozdemir SI, Kaya A, Ersoz G, Kuyucu N, Karacorlu S, Kaya Z, Guclu E, Kaya G, Karabay O, Esen S, Aygun C, Ulger F, Dilek A, Yilmaz H, Sunbul M, Engin A, Bakir M, Elaldi N, Koksal I, Yildizdas D, Horoz OO, Willke A, Koç MM, Azak E, Elahi N, Annamma P, El Houfi A, Pirez Garcia MC, Vidal H, Perez F, Empaire GD, Ruiz Y, Hernandez D, Aponte D, Salinas E, Diaz C, Guzmán Siritt ME, Gil De Añez ZD, Bravo LM, Orozco N, Mejías E, Hung NV, Anh NQ, Chau NQ, Thu TA, Phuong DM, Binh NG, Thi Diem Tuyet L, Thi Van Trang D, Hong Thoa VT, Tien NP, Anh Thu LT, Hang PT, My Hanh TT, Thuy Hang TT, Phuong Anh DP. International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module. Am J Infect Control 2014; 42:942-56. [PMID: 25179325 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care-associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line-associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN.
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Babu E, Singaravadivel S, Manojkumar P, Krishnasamy S, Gnana kumar G, Rajagopal S. Aptamer-based label-free detection of PDGF using ruthenium(II) complex as luminescent probe. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:6891-5. [PMID: 23881364 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We report a simple, cost-effective, and label-free detection method, consisting of a platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) binding aptamer and hydrophobic Ru(II) complex as a sensor system for PDGF. The binding of PDGF with the aptamer results in the weakening of the aptamer-Ru(II) complex, monitored by luminescence signal. A substantial enhancement in the luminescence intensity of Ru(II) complex is observed in the presence of aptamer due to the hydrophobic interaction. Upon addition of PDGF, the luminescence intensity is decreased, due to the stronger interaction between the aptamer and PDGF resulting in the displacement of Ru(II) complex to the aqueous solution. Our assay can detect a target specifically in a complex medium such as the mixture of proteins, at a concentration of 0.8 pM.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Babu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai, 625 021, India
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Bhattacharya S, Mahavadi S, Al-Shboul O, Rajagopal S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Differential regulation of muscarinic M2 and M3 receptor signaling in gastrointestinal smooth muscle by caveolin-1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2013; 305:C334-47. [PMID: 23784544 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caveolae act as scaffolding proteins for several G protein-coupled receptor signaling molecules to regulate their activity. Caveolin-1, the predominant isoform in smooth muscle, drives the formation of caveolae. The precise role of caveolin-1 and caveolae as scaffolds for G protein-coupled receptor signaling and contraction in gastrointestinal muscle is unclear. Thus the aim of this study was to examine the role of caveolin-1 in the regulation of Gq- and Gi-coupled receptor signaling. RT-PCR, Western blot, and radioligand-binding studies demonstrated the selective expression of M2 and M3 receptors in gastric smooth muscle cells. Carbachol (CCh) stimulated phosphatidylinositol (PI) hydrolysis, Rho kinase and zipper-interacting protein (ZIP) kinase activity, induced myosin phosphatase 1 (MYPT1) phosphorylation (at Thr(696)) and 20-kDa myosin light chain (MLC20) phosphorylation (at Ser(19)) and muscle contraction, and inhibited cAMP formation. Stimulation of PI hydrolysis, Rho kinase, and ZIP kinase activity, phosphorylation of MYPT1 and MLC20, and muscle contraction in response to CCh were attenuated by methyl β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) or caveolin-1 small interfering RNA (siRNA). Similar inhibition of PI hydrolysis, Rho kinase, and ZIP kinase activity and muscle contraction in response to CCh and gastric emptying in vivo was obtained in caveolin-1-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice. Agonist-induced internalization of M2, but not M3, receptors was blocked by MβCD or caveolin-1 siRNA. Stimulation of PI hydrolysis, Rho kinase, and ZIP kinase activities in response to other Gq-coupled receptor agonists such as histamine and substance P was also attenuated by MβCD or caveolin-1 siRNA. Taken together, these results suggest that caveolin-1 facilitates signaling by Gq-coupled receptors and contributes to enhanced smooth muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology, VCU Program in Enteric Neuromuscular Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
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Almond C, Yarlagadda V, Vander Pluym C, Rajagopal S, Millian B, Daly K, Singh T, Fynn-Thompson F, Gauvreau K. US Trends in Pediatric VAD Utilization: Analysis of Organ Procurement and Transplant Network Data. J Heart Lung Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2013.01.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Nalli AD, Rajagopal S, Mahavadi S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Inhibition of RhoA/Rho Kinase Pathway and Contraction by Endogenous and Exogenous Hydrogen Sulfide in Gastrointestinal Smooth Muscle. FASEB J 2013. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.27.1_supplement.1164.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ancy D Nalli
- PhysiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | | | | | - John R Grider
- PhysiologyVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
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Rajagopal S, Kumar DP, Mahavadi S, Bhattacharya S, Zhou R, Corvera CU, Bunnett NW, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Activation of G protein-coupled bile acid receptor, TGR5, induces smooth muscle relaxation via both Epac- and PKA-mediated inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G527-35. [PMID: 23275618 PMCID: PMC3602680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00388.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The present study characterized the TGR5 expression and the signaling pathways coupled to this receptor that mediates the relaxation of gastric smooth muscle. TGR5 was detected in gastric muscle cells by RT-PCR and Western blotting. Treatment of cells with the TGR5-selective ligand oleanolic acid (OA) activated Gαs, but not Gαq, Gαi1, Gαi2, or Gαi3, and increased cAMP levels. OA did not elicit contraction, but caused relaxation of carbachol-induced contraction of gastric muscle cells from wild-type mice, but not tgr5(-/-) mice. OA, but not a selective exchange protein activated by cAMP (Epac) ligand (8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP), caused phosphorylation of RhoA and the phosphorylation was blocked by the PKA inhibitor, myristoylated PKI, and by the expression of phosphorylation-deficient mutant RhoA (S188A). Both OA and Epac ligand stimulated Ras-related protein 1 (Rap1) and inhibited carbachol (CCh)-induced Rho kinase activity. Expression of RhoA (S188A) or PKI partly reversed the inhibition of Rho kinase activity by OA but had no effect on inhibition by Epac ligand. However, suppression of Rap1 with siRNA blocked the inhibition of Rho kinase by Epac ligand, and partly reversed the inhibition by OA; the residual inhibition was blocked by PKI. Muscle relaxation in response to OA, but not Epac ligand, was partly reversed by PKI. We conclude that activation of TGR5 causes relaxation of gastric smooth muscle and the relaxation is mediated through inhibition of RhoA/Rho kinase pathway via both cAMP/Epac-dependent stimulation of Rap1 and cAMP/PKA-dependent phosphorylation of RhoA at Ser(188). TGR5 receptor activation on smooth muscle reveals a novel mechanism for the regulation of gut motility by bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senthilkumar Rajagopal
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Divya P. Kumar
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Sunila Mahavadi
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Sayak Bhattacharya
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Ruizhe Zhou
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Carlos U. Corvera
- 2Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California; and
| | - Nigel W. Bunnett
- 3Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John R. Grider
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
| | - Karnam S. Murthy
- 1Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia;
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Grabka M, Wita K, Bochenek T, Paraniak-Gieszczyk B, Elzbieciak M, Teixeira R, Moreira N, Soares F, Ribeiro N, Martins R, Elvas L, Providencia L, Duchateau N, Piella G, Doltra A, Silva E, Frangi A, Brugada J, Mont L, Sitges M, De Craene M, Cho E, Choi K, Kwon B, Kim D, Jang S, Park C, Jung H, Jeon H, Youn H, Kim J, Duchateau N, Bijnens B, Doltra A, Gabrielli L, Fernandez-Armenta J, Silva E, Rigol M, Solanes N, Barcelo A, Sitges M, Forsha D, Risum N, Samad Z, Smith P, Rajagopal S, Kropf A, Barker P, Kisslo J, Lindqvist P, Henein M, Soderberg S, Tossavainen E, Gonzalez M, Henein M, Forsha D, Risum N, Smith P, Samad Z, Barker P, Kisslo J, Sidorenko I, Ostrovski U, Shumovech V, Udina O, Freed B, Tsang W, Bhave N, Yamat M, Dill K, Spencer K, Mor-Avi V, Patel A, Gomberg-Maitland M, Lang R. Imaging in dysynchrony and ventricular function: Techniques. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kumar DP, Rajagopal S, Mahavadi S, Mirshahi F, Grider JR, Murthy KS, Sanyal AJ. Activation of transmembrane bile acid receptor TGR5 stimulates insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 427:600-5. [PMID: 23022524 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids act as signaling molecules and stimulate the G protein coupled receptor, TGR5, in addition to nuclear farnesoid X receptor to regulate lipid, glucose and energy metabolism. Bile acid induced activation of TGR5 in the enteroendocrine cells promotes glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) release, which has insulinotropic effect in the pancreatic β cells. In the present study, we have identified the expression of TGR5 in pancreatic β cell line MIN6 and also in mouse and human pancreatic islets. TGR5 selective ligands, oleanolic acid (OA) and INT-777 selectively activated Gα(s) and caused an increase in intracellular cAMP and Ca(2+). OA and INT-777 also increased phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis and the increase was blocked by NF449 (a selective Gα(s) inhibitor) or U73122 (PI hydrolysis inhibitor). OA, INT-777 and lithocholic acid increased insulin release in MIN6 and human islets and the increase was inhibited by treatment with NF449, U73122 or BAPTA-AM (chelator of calcium), but not with myristoylated PKI (PKA inhibitor), suggesting that the release is dependent on G(s)/cAMP/Ca(2+) pathway. 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP, a cAMP analog, which activates Epac, but not PKA also stimulated PI hydrolysis. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the TGR5 expressed in the pancreatic β cells regulates insulin secretion and highlights the importance of ongoing therapeutic strategies targeting TGR5 in the control of glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya P Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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Rajagopal S, Kumar DP, Bhattacharya S, Grider JR, Murthy KS. Characterization of Gz‐Coupled Dopamine D3 Receptors in Gastric Smooth Muscle. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.1075.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Divya P Kumar
- Physiology and BiophysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | | | - John R Grider
- Physiology and BiophysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
| | - Karnam S Murthy
- Physiology and BiophysicsVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVA
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Almeida MAP, Cavalcante LS, Morilla-Santos C, Dalmaschio CJ, Rajagopal S, Li MS, Longo E. Effect of partial preferential orientation and distortions in octahedral clusters on the photoluminescence properties of FeWO4 nanocrystals. CrystEngComm 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ce25771h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Velusamy A, Velayutham V, Rajagopal S, Venkataraman J. 18 early postoperative mortality in recipients following deceased donor liver transplantation (ddlt)-a clinical profile. J Clin Exp Hepatol 2011; 1:141. [PMID: 25755347 PMCID: PMC3940369 DOI: 10.1016/s0973-6883(11)60155-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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