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Francesconi S, Tagliavento V, Ciarroni S, Sestili F, Balestra GM. Chitosan- and gallic acid-based (NPF) displayed antibacterial activity against three Pseudomonas spp. plant pathogens and boosted systemic acquired resistance in kiwifruit and olive plants. Pest Manag Sci 2024; 80:1300-1313. [PMID: 37903719 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), P. syringae pv. tomato (Pst) and P. savastanoi pv. savastanoi (Psav) are bacterial plant pathogens with worldwide impact that are mainly managed by the preventive application of cupric salts. These are dangerous for ecosystems and have favoured the selection of resistant strains, so they are candidates to be replaced in the next few years. Thus, there is an urgent need to find efficient and bio-based solutions to mitigate these bacterial plant diseases. Nanotechnology could represent an innovative way to control plant diseases, providing alternative solutions to the agrochemicals traditionally employed, thanks to the formulation of the so-called third-generation and nanotechnology-based agrochemicals. RESULTS In this work, a novel nanostructured formulation (NPF) composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as carrier, high amylose starch (HAS) as excipient, and chitosan (CH) and gallic acid (GA) as antimicrobials, was tested at 2% in vitro and in vivo with respect to the three different Pseudomonas plant pathogens. In vitro agar assays demonstrated that the NPF inhibited ≤80% Psa, Pst and Psav. Moreover, the NPF did not decrease biofilm synthesis and it did not influence bacterial cells flocculation and adhesion. On plants, the NPF displayed complete biocompatibility and boosted the transcript levels of the major systemic acquired resistance responsive genes in kiwifruit and olive plants. CONCLUSION This works provides novel and valuable information regarding the several modes-of-action of the novel NPF, which could potentially be useful to mitigate Psa, Pst and Psav infections even in organic agriculture. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Francesconi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Francesco Sestili
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giorgio M Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
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Baldassarre F, Schiavi D, Ciarroni S, Tagliavento V, De Stradis A, Vergaro V, Suranna GP, Balestra GM, Ciccarella G. Thymol-Nanoparticles as Effective Biocides against the Quarantine Pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1285. [PMID: 37049378 PMCID: PMC10096886 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Quarantine pathogens require the investigation of new tools for effective plant protection. In particular, research on sustainable agrochemicals is the actual challenge. Plant extracts, essential oils, and gels are natural sources of efficient biocides, such as aromatic secondary metabolites. Thymol is the major phenolic constituent of thyme and oregano essential oils, and it can inhibit many pathogenic microbes. Thymol nanoparticles were obtained through adsorption on CaCO3 nanocrystals, exploiting their carrier action. High loading efficiency and capability were reached as verified through UV and TGA measurements. We report the first study of thymol effect on Xylella fastidiosa, conducing both fluorometric assay and in vitro inhibition assay. The first test confirmed the great antibacterial effect of this compound. Finally, an in vitro test revealed an interesting synergistic action of thymol and nanocarriers, suggesting the potential application of thymol-nanoparticles as effective biocides to control Xylella fastidiosa infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Baldassarre
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Daniele Schiavi
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Serena Ciarroni
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tagliavento
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo De Stradis
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR—IPSP, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Viviana Vergaro
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Gian Paolo Suranna
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental, Land, Building Engineering and Chemistry (DICATECh), Politecnico di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- Phytoparasites Diagnostics (PhyDia) s.r.l., Via S. Camillo de Lellis, Snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciccarella
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, UdR INSTM of Lecce University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR NANOTEC, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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Mazzaglia A, Rahi YJ, Taratufolo MC, Tatì M, Turco S, Ciarroni S, Tagliavento V, Valentini F, D'Onghia AM, Balestra GM. A new inclusive MLVA assay to investigate genetic variability of Xylella fastidiosa with a specific focus on the Apulian outbreak in Italy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10856. [PMID: 32616824 PMCID: PMC7331650 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68072-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Olive Quick Decline Syndrome by Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca is among the most severe phytopathological emergencies nowadays. In few years, the outbreak devastated olive groves in Apulia (Italy), potentially endangering the entire Mediterranean basin. This research aimed to develop a multiple locus VNTR analysis assay, a molecular tool to differentiate between populations of the pathogen. It has already been successfully applied to different X. fastidiosa subspecies from various plant hosts. The previously published TR loci, together with a set of new design, have been tested in silico on the genome of the Apulian De Donno strain. The resulting selection of 37 TR loci was amplified on the genomic DNAs of the Apulian strains AND from representatives of X. fastidiosa subspecies, and directly on DNA extracted from infected plants. The assay clearly discerned among subspecies or even sequence types (ST), but also pointed out variants within the same ST so as to provide more detailed information on the dynamics and pathogen diffusion pathways. Its effective application even on total DNAs extracted from infected tissues of different host plants makes it particularly useful for large-scale screening of infection and for the strengthening of containment measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Mazzaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Yaseen Jundi Rahi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Maria Claudia Taratufolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Marta Tatì
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Silvia Turco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
| | | | | | - Franco Valentini
- CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Anna Maria D'Onghia
- CIHEAM-Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari, 70010, Valenzano, BA, Italy
| | - Giorgio Mariano Balestra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali (DAFNE), Università della Tuscia, 01100, Viterbo, Italy
- Phytoparasite Diagnostics s.r.l., 01100, Viterbo, Italy
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Ciarroni S, Gallipoli L, Taratufolo MC, Butler MI, Poulter RTM, Pourcel C, Vergnaud G, Balestra GM, Mazzaglia A. Development of a Multiple Loci Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Analysis (MLVA) to Unravel the Intra-Pathovar Structure of Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Populations Worldwide. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135310. [PMID: 26262683 PMCID: PMC4532359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The bacterial canker of kiwifruit by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae is an emblematic example of a catastrophic disease of fruit crops. In 2008 a new, extremely virulent form of the pathogen emerged and rapidly devastated many Actinidia spp. orchards all over the world. In order to understand differences in populations within this pathovar and to elucidate their diffusion and movements on world scale, it is necessary to be able to quickly and on a routine basis compare new isolates with previous records. In this report a worldwide collection of 142 strains was analyzed by MLVA, chosen as investigative technique for its efficacy, reproducibility, simplicity and low cost. A panel of 13 Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) loci was identified and used to describe the pathogen population. The MLVA clustering is highly congruent with the population structure as previously established by other molecular approaches including whole genome sequencing and correlates with geographic origin, time of isolation and virulence. For convenience, we divided the VNTR loci in two panels. Panel 1 assay, using six loci, recognizes 23 different haplotypes, clustered into ten complexes with highest congruence with previous classifications. Panel 2, with seven VNTR loci, provides discriminatory power. Using the total set of 13 VNTR loci, 58 haplotypes can be distinguished. The recent hypervirulent type shows very limited diversity and includes, beside the strains from Europe, New Zealand and Chile, a few strains from Shaanxi, China. A broad genetic variability is observed in China, but different types are also retrievable in Japan and Korea. The low virulent strains cluster together and are very different from the other MLVA genotypes. Data were used to generate a public database in MLVAbank. MLVA represents a very promising first-line assay for large-scale routine genotyping, prior to whole genome sequencing of only the most relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Ciarroni
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gallipoli
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Maria C. Taratufolo
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Margi I. Butler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Christine Pourcel
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Gilles Vergnaud
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France
- ENSTA ParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, France
| | - Giorgio M. Balestra
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
| | - Angelo Mazzaglia
- Department of Science and Technology for Agriculture, Forestry, Nature and Energy (DAFNE), University of Tuscia, Viterbo, Italy
- * E-mail:
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