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Rady I, Bloch MB, Chamcheu RCN, Banang Mbeumi S, Anwar MR, Mohamed H, Babatunde AS, Kuiate JR, Noubissi FK, El Sayed KA, Whitfield GK, Chamcheu JC. Anticancer Properties of Graviola ( Annona muricata): A Comprehensive Mechanistic Review. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2018; 2018:1826170. [PMID: 30151067 PMCID: PMC6091294 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1826170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Graviola (Annona muricata) is a small deciduous tropical evergreen fruit tree, belonging to the Annonaceae family, and is widely grown and distributed in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The aerial parts of graviola have several functions: the fruits have been widely used as food confectionaries, while several preparations, especially decoctions of the bark, fruits, leaves, pericarp, seeds, and roots, have been extensively used in traditional medicine to treat multiple ailments including cancers by local communities in tropical Africa and South America. The reported therapeutic benefits of graviola against various human tumors and disease agents in in vitro culture and preclinical animal model systems are typically tested for their ability to specifically target the disease, while exerting little or no effect on normal cell viability. Over 212 phytochemical ingredients have been reported in graviola extracts prepared from different plant parts. The specific bioactive constituents responsible for the major anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and other health benefits of graviola include different classes of annonaceous acetogenins (metabolites and products of the polyketide pathway), alkaloids, flavonoids, sterols, and others. This review summarizes the current understanding of the anticancer effects of A. muricata and its constituents on diverse cancer types and disease states, as well as efficacy and safety concerns. It also includes discussion of our current understanding of possible mechanisms of action, with the hope of further stimulating the development of improved and affordable therapies for a variety of ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Rady
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Melissa B. Bloch
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Roxane-Cherille N. Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- Madison West High School, 30 Ash St, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Sergette Banang Mbeumi
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, WI 53744, USA
| | - Md Rafi Anwar
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - Hadir Mohamed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Jules-Roger Kuiate
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
- Section for Research and Innovation, POHOFCAM, P.O. Box 175, Kumba, Cameroon
| | - Felicite K. Noubissi
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, WI 53744, USA
- Department of Biology/RCMI, Jackson State University, 1400 J R Lynch, 429 JAP, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Khalid A. El Sayed
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
| | - G. Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI 53706, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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Chamcheu JC, Rady I, Chamcheu RCN, Siddique AB, Bloch MB, Banang Mbeumi S, Babatunde AS, Uddin MB, Noubissi FK, Jurutka PW, Liu YY, Spiegelman VS, Whitfield GK, El Sayed KA. Graviola (Annona muricata) Exerts Anti-Proliferative, Anti-Clonogenic and Pro-Apoptotic Effects in Human Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer UW-BCC1 and A431 Cells In Vitro: Involvement of Hedgehog Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1791. [PMID: 29914183 PMCID: PMC6032424 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the leading cause of skin cancer-related morbidity and mortality. Effective strategies are needed to control NMSC occurrence and progression. Non-toxic, plant-derived extracts have been shown to exert multiple anti-cancer effects. Graviola (Annona muricata), a tropical fruit-bearing plant, has been used in traditional medicine against multiple human diseases including cancer. The current study investigated the effects of graviola leaf and stem extract (GLSE) and its solvent-extracted fractions on two human NMSC cell lines, UW-BCC1 and A431. GLSE was found to: (i) dose-dependently suppress UW-BCC1 and A431 cell growth, motility, wound closure, and clonogenicity; (ii) induce G₀/G₁ cell cycle arrest by downregulating cyclin/cdk factors while upregulating cdk inhibitors, and (iii) induce apoptosis as evidenced by cleavage of caspases-3, -8 and PARP. Further, GLSE suppressed levels of activated hedgehog (Hh) pathway components Smo, Gli 1/2, and Shh while inducing SuFu. GLSE also decreased the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax while decreasing the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. We determined that these activities were concentrated in an acetogenin/alkaloid-rich dichloromethane subfraction of GLSE. Our data identify graviola extracts and their constituents as promising sources for new chemopreventive and therapeutic agent(s) to be further developed for the control of NMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Christopher Chamcheu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706 WI, USA.
| | - Islam Rady
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706 WI, USA.
| | - Roxane-Cherille N Chamcheu
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, 53706 WI, USA.
- Madison West High School, 30 Ash St, Madison, 53726 WI, USA.
| | - Abu Bakar Siddique
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
| | - Melissa B Bloch
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
| | - Sergette Banang Mbeumi
- Division for Research and Innovation, POHOFI Inc., P.O. Box 44067, Madison, 53744 WI, USA.
| | - Abiola S Babatunde
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
| | - Mohammad B Uddin
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
| | | | - Peter W Jurutka
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, Phoenix, 85306 AZ, USA.
| | - Yong-Yu Liu
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
| | - Vladimir S Spiegelman
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey, 17033 PA, USA.
| | - G Kerr Whitfield
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, 85004 AZ, USA.
| | - Khalid A El Sayed
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Pharmaceutic Sciences, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, 71209-0497 LA, USA.
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