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Kondaparla S, Manhas A, Dola VR, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. Design, synthesis and antiplasmodial activity of novel imidazole derivatives based on 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline. Bioorg Chem 2018; 80:204-211. [PMID: 29940342 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
A series of short chain 4-aminoquinoline-imidazole derivatives have been synthesized in one pot two step multicomponent reaction using van leusen standard protocol. The diethylamine function of chloroquine is replaced by substituted imidazole derivatives containing tertiary terminal nitrogen. All the synthesized compounds were screened against the chloroquine sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Some of the compounds (6, 8, 9 and 17) in the series exhibited comparable activity to CQ against K1 strain of P. falciparum. All the compounds displayed resistance factor between 0.09 and 4.57 as against 51 for CQ. Further, these analogues were found to form a strong complex with hematin and inhibit the β-hematin formation, therefore these compounds act via heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Kondaparla
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
| | - Ashan Manhas
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vasantha Rao Dola
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - S B Katti
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
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Debnath U, Kumar P, Agarwal A, Kesharwani A, Gupta SK, Katti SB. N-hydroxy-substituted 2-aryl acetamide analogs: A novel class of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 90:527-534. [PMID: 28294572 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An in silico method has been used to discover N-hydroxy-substituted 2-aryl acetamide analogs as a new class of HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Based on the molecular requirements of the binding pocket of catalytic active site, two molecules (compounds 2 and 4b) were designed as fragments. These were further synthesized and biologically evaluated. In vitro potency along with docking studies highlighted compound 4b as an active fragment which was further used to synthesize new leads as HIV-1 integrase inhibitors. Finally, six promising compounds (compounds 5b, 5c, 5e, 6-2c, 6-3b, and 6-5b) were identified by integrase inhibition assay (>50% inhibition). Based on in vitro anti-HIV-1 activity in a reporter gene-based cell assay system, compounds 5d, 6s, and 6k were found as novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitors due to its better selectivity index. Additionally, docking study revealed the importance of H-bond as well as hydrophobic interactions with Asn155, Lys156, and Lys159 which were required for their anti-HIV-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsab Debnath
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Prachi Kumar
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Aakanksha Agarwal
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Ajay Kesharwani
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish K Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Suryawanshi R, Jadhav S, Makwana N, Desai D, Chaturbhuj D, Sonawani A, Idicula-Thomas S, Murugesan V, Katti SB, Tripathy S, Paranjape R, Kulkarni S. Evaluation of 4-thiazolidinone derivatives as potential reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV-1 drug resistant strains. Bioorg Chem 2017; 71:211-218. [PMID: 28236450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Rapid emergence of drug resistance is crucial in management of HIV infection limiting implementation of efficacious drugs in the ART regimen. Designing new molecules against HIV drug resistant strains is utmost essential. Based on the anti-HIV-1 activity, we selected four 4-thiazolidinone derivatives (S009-1908, S009-1909, S009-1911, S009-1912) and studied their interaction with reverse transcriptase (RT) from a panel of 10 clinical isolates (8 nevirapine resistant and two susceptible) using in silico methods, and inhibition pattern using in vitro cell based assays. On the basis of binding affinity observed in in silico analysis, 2-(2-chloro-6-nitrophenyl)-3-(4, 6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl) thiazolidin-4-one (S009-1912) was identified as the lead molecule followed by S009-1908, S009-1909 and S009-1911. The in vitro activity against the same panel was assessed using TZM-bl assay (IC50: 0.4-11.44µg/ml, TI: 4-126) and subsequently in PBMC assay against a nevirapine resistant clinical isolate (IC50: 0.8-6.65µg/ml, TI: 8.31-11.43) and standard strain from NIH ARRRP (IC50: 0.95-3.6µg/ml, TI: 9-26). The study shows analogue with pyrimidin-2-yl amino substitution at N-3 position of thiazolidin-4-one ring (S009-1908, S009-1909, S009-1911) exhibited enhanced activity as compared to pyridin-2-yl substituted derivatives (S009-1912), suggesting the use 4-thiazolidinones for developing potent inhibitors against HIV-1 drug resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dipen Desai
- National AIDS Research Institute, Pune, India
| | | | - Archana Sonawani
- National Institute for Research in Reproductive Health, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Vanangamudi Murugesan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kondaparla S, Agarwal P, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. Design, synthesis and in vitro antiplasmodial activity of some bisquinolines against chloroquine-resistant strain. Chem Biol Drug Des 2017; 89:901-906. [PMID: 27896925 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel bisquinoline compounds comprising N1 -(7-chloroquinolin-4-yl) ethane-1,2-diamine and 7-chloro-N-(2-(piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)quinolin-4-amine connected with 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline containing various amino acids is described. We have bio-evaluated the compounds against both chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Among the series, compounds 4 and 7 exhibited 1.8- and 10.6-fold superior activity as compared to chloroquine (CQ; IC50 = 0.255 ± 0.049 μm) against the K1 strain with IC50 values 0.137 ± 0.014 and 0.026 ± 0.007 μm, respectively. Furthermore, compound 7 also displayed promising activity against the 3D7 strain (IC50 = 0.024 ± 0.003 μm) of P. falciparum when compared to CQ. All the compounds in the series displayed resistance factor between 0.57 and 4.71 as against 51 for CQ. These results suggest that bisquinolines can be explored for further development as new antimalarial agents active against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Kondaparla
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Pooja Agarwal
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Kondaparla S, Soni A, Manhas A, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. Antimalarial activity of novel 4-aminoquinolines active against drug resistant strains. Bioorg Chem 2016; 70:74-85. [PMID: 27908538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study we have synthesized a new class of 4-aminoquinolines and evaluated against Plasmodium falciparum in vitro (3D7-sensitive strain & K1-resistant strain) and Plasmodium yoelii in vivo (N-67 strain). Among the series, eleven compounds (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 21) showed superior antimalarial activity against K1 strain as compared to CQ. In addition, all these analogues showed 100% suppression of parasitemia on day 4 in the in vivo mouse model against N-67 strain when administered orally. Further, biophysical studies suggest that this series of compounds act on heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasarao Kondaparla
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Awakash Soni
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Ashan Manhas
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - S B Katti
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Debnath U, Verma S, Singh P, Rawat K, Gupta SK, Tripathi RK, Siddiqui HH, Katti SB, Prabhakar YS. Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies of new 2,3-diheteroaryl thiazolidin-4-ones as NNRTIs. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:1285-91. [PMID: 26031778 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In a focused exploration, thiazolidin-4-ones with different C-2 and N-3 substituent groups were synthesized and evaluated as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against HIV-1. This has led to new active compounds sporting heteroaryls at both C-2 and N-3 positions prompting to view them in the backdrop of nevirapine. To assign the molecular attributes for the activity, the compounds are investigated by docking them into non-nucleoside inhibitor-binding pocket of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). The most active compounds of this series (7d and 7f) shared spatial features with nevirapine with added molecular flexibility. Furthermore, in molecular dynamics simulations carried out for up to 10 ns, the compounds 7d and 7f showed consistency in their interactions with non-nucleoside inhibitor-binding pocket of HIV-1 RT and suggested Tyr319 and Val106 as potential residues for H-bond interaction with these molecules. These results open new avenues for the exploration of 2,3-diheteroaryl thiazolidin-4-ones for prevention of HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utsab Debnath
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 026, India
| | - Saroj Verma
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
| | - Pankaj Singh
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Kavita Rawat
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
| | - Satish K Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110 067, India
| | - Raj K Tripathi
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
| | - Hefazat H Siddiqui
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 026, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
| | - Yenamandra S Prabhakar
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226 031, India
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7
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Kushwaha RN, Srivastava R, Mishra A, Rawat AK, Srivastava AK, Haq W, Katti SB. Design, synthesis, biological screening, and molecular docking studies of piperazine-derived constrained inhibitors of DPP-IV for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Chem Biol Drug Des 2014; 85:439-46. [PMID: 25216392 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Novel piperazine-derived conformationally constrained compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitory activities. From a library of compounds synthesized, 1-(2-(4-(7-Chloro-4-quinolyl)piperazin-1-yl)acetyl)pyrrolidine (2g) was identified as a potential DPP-IV inhibitor exhibiting better inhibitory activity than P32/98, reference inhibitor. The in vivo studies carried out in STZ and db/db mice models indicated that the compound 2g showed moderate antihyperglycemic activity as compared to the marketed drug Sitagliptin. A two-week repeated dose study in db/db mice revealed that compound 2g significantly declined blood glucose levels with no evidence of hypoglycemia risk. Furthermore, it showed improvement in insulin resistance reversal and antidyslipidemic properties. Molecular docking studies established good binding affinity of compound 2g at the DPP-IV active site and are in favor of the observed biological data. These data collectively suggest that compound 2g is a good lead molecule for further optimization studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram N Kushwaha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector 10, Jankipuram Extension, Lucknow, 226031, India
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Sinha M, Dola VR, Soni A, Agarwal P, Srivastava K, Haq W, Puri SK, Katti SB. Synthesis of chiral chloroquine and its analogues as antimalarial agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:5950-60. [PMID: 25284252 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this investigation, we describe a new approach to chiral synthesis of chloroquine and its analogues. All tested compounds displayed potent activity against chloroquine sensitive as well as chloroquine resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and Plasmodium yoelii in vivo. Compounds S-13 b, S-13c, S-13 d and S-13 i displayed excellent in vitro antimalarial activity with an IC50 value of 56.82, 60.41, 21.82 and 7.94 nM, respectively, in the case of resistant strain. Furthermore, compounds S-13a, S-13c and S-13 d showed in vivo suppression of 100% parasitaemia on day 4 in the mouse model against Plasmodium yoelii when administered orally. These results underscore the application of synthetic methodology and need for further lead optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sinha
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vasanth R Dola
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Awakash Soni
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pooja Agarwal
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Wahajul Haq
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Sector-10, Jankipuram Extension, Sitapur Road, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Sinha M, Dola VR, Agarwal P, Srivastava K, Haq W, Puri SK, Katti SB. Antiplasmodial activity of new 4-aminoquinoline derivatives against chloroquine resistant strain. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3573-86. [PMID: 24906512 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Emergence and spread of multidrug resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum has severely limited the antimalarial chemotherapeutic options. In order to overcome the obstacle, a set of new side-chain modified 4-aminoquinolines were synthesized and screened against chloroquine-sensitive (3D7) and chloroquine-resistant (K1) strains of P. falciparum. The key feature of the designed molecules is the use of methylpiperazine linked α, β(3)- and γ-amino acids to generate novel side chain modified 4-aminoquinoline analogues. Among the evaluated compounds, 20c and 30 were found more potent than CQ against K1 and displayed a four-fold and a three-fold higher activity respectively, with a good selectivity index (SI=5846 and 11,350). All synthesized compounds had resistance index between 1.06 and >14.13 as against 47.2 for chloroquine. Biophysical studies suggested that this series of compounds act on heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sinha
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Vasanth R Dola
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Pooja Agarwal
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Kumkum Srivastava
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Wahajul Haq
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Sunil K Puri
- Parasitology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.
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Murugesan V, Makwana N, Suryawanshi R, Saxena R, Tripathi R, Paranjape R, Kulkarni S, Katti SB. Rational design and synthesis of novel thiazolidin-4-ones as non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:3159-70. [PMID: 24794742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel thiazolidin-4-one analogues, characterized by different substitution patterns at positions C-2 and N-3 of the thiazolidin-4-one scaffold for anti-HIV-1 activity has been investigated. Most of the compounds showed anti-HIV-1 activity at micromolar concentrations when tested in TZM-bl cells in vitro. Among the thirty-three compounds tested, compound 16 was the most potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication against HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1ADA5, HIV-1UG070 and HIV-1VB59 (EC50=0.02, 0.08, 0.08 and 0.08 μM, respectively) with selectivity index (SI=6940, 1735, 1692 and 1692) against tested viral strains, respectively. The results of the present study suggested that the substitution of the nitro group at 6' position of the C-2 phenyl ring and 4,6-dimethylpyridin-2-yl at the N-3 position of thiazolidin-4-one had a major impact on the anti-HIV-1 activity and was found to lower cytotoxicity. The substitution of the heteroaryl ring with bromo group and bicyclic heteroaryl ring at N-3 thiazolidin-4-one was found to lower anti-HIV-1 activity and increase cytotoxicity. The undertaken docking studies thus facilitated the identification of crucial interactions between the HIV-1 RT enzyme and thiazolidin-4-one inhibitors, which can be used to design new potential inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanangamudi Murugesan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Makwana
- Department of Molecular Virology, National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune 411026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Suryawanshi
- Department of Molecular Virology, National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune 411026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Reshu Saxena
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajkamal Tripathi
- Toxicology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ramesh Paranjape
- Department of Molecular Virology, National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune 411026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Smita Kulkarni
- Department of Molecular Virology, National AIDS Research Institute (NARI), Pune 411026, Maharashtra, India
| | - Seturam B Katti
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), Jankipuram Extension, Sector-10, Lucknow 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Rawal RK, Murugesan V, Katti SB. Structure-activity relationship studies on clinically relevant HIV-1 NNRTIs. Curr Med Chem 2013; 19:5364-80. [PMID: 22998569 DOI: 10.2174/092986712803833326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Revised: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In addition to the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), protease inhibitors (PIs) and integrase inhibitors (INIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have contributed significantly in the treatment of HIV-1 infections. More than 60 structurally different classes of compounds have been identified as NNRTIs, which are specifically inhibiting HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Five NNRTIs (nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, etravirine and rilpivirine) have been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for clinical use. The NNRTIs bind with a specific 'pocket' site of HIV-1 RT (allosteric site) that is closely associated with the NRTI binding site. Due to mutations of the amino acid residues surrounding the NNRTI-binding site, NNRTIs are notorious for rapidly eliciting resistance. Though, the emergence of resistant HIV strains can be circumvented if the NNRTIs are used either alone or in combination with NRTIs (AZT, 3TC, ddI, ddC, TVD or d4T) and PIs (Indinavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir and lopinavir etc.) as shown by both a decrease in plasma HIV-1 RNA levels and increased CD4 T-cells. Here we are going to discuss recent advances in structure activity relationship studies on nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz, etravirine, rilpivirine and 4-thiazolidinones (privileged scaffold) HIV-1 NNRTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Rawal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Raza S, Srivastava SP, Srivastava DS, Srivastava AK, Haq W, Katti SB. Thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one derivatives analogous to rosiglitazone as potential antihyperglycemic and antidyslipidemic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 63:611-20. [PMID: 23567949 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A number of thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one derivatives were prepared by three component condensation in one pot reaction method. These compounds were evaluated for anti-hyperglycemic activity by in vitro and in vivo assay systems. The compounds with thiazolidin-4-one and thiazinan-4-one moieties exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic activity. A few compounds (3a, 3b, 4a and 4b) have exhibited both anti-hyperglycemic and anti-dyslipidemic activities. Among them the thiazinan-4-one derivative 4a showed maximal (45%) improvement in oral glucose tolerance test in db/db mice at 30 mg/kg oral dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Raza
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR - Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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13
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Solomon VR, Haq W, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. Design and synthesis of 3-[(7-chloro-1-oxidoquinolin-4-ylamino)alkyl]-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones as antimalarial agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:1048-53. [PMID: 22957722 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.710848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of quinoline analogs have been synthesized and found active against P. falciparum in vitro and P. yoelli in vivo. Compounds 8, 10 and 11 exhibited superior in vitro activity compared to chloroquine. Selected compounds 8, 10 and 11 exhibited significant suppression of parasitaemia in vivo assay. These analogs form a complex with hematin and inhibit the β-hematin formation, suggesting that this class of compounds act on a heme polymerization target. Further this study confirms that quinoline ring nitrogen is essential for both transportation of the molecule across the membrane as well as for tight binding to hematin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raja Solomon
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow , India
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14
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Solomon VR, Haq W, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. Design, synthesis of 4-aminoquinoline-derived thiazolidines and their antimalarial activity and heme polymerization inhibition studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2012; 28:619-26. [PMID: 22432870 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.666537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes the synthesis of a series of new 4-aminoquinoline-derived thiazolidines and evaluation of their antimalarial activity against a NF-54 strain of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro and N-67 strain of Plasmodium yoelii in vivo. Among the series, two compounds, 2-(4-chloro-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(7-chloro-quinolin-4-ylamino)-ethyl]-amide hydrochloride (14) and 2-(2,6-dichloro-phenyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid [2-(7-chloro-quinolin-4-ylamino)-ethyl]-amide hydrochloride (22) exhibited significant suppression of parasitaemia in the in vivo assay. All the analogues were found to form strong complex with haematin and inhibited the β-haematin formation in vitro. These results suggest that these compounds act on heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raja Solomon
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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15
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Jain M, Barthwal MK, Haq W, Katti SB, Dikshit M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Arginine Analogs as Potential Inhibitors of Acetylcholine-Induced Relaxation in Rat Thoracic Aortic Rings. Chem Biol Drug Des 2012; 79:459-69. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01286.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Murugesan V, Tiwari VS, Saxena R, Tripathi R, Paranjape R, Kulkarni S, Makwana N, Suryawanshi R, Katti SB. Lead optimization at C-2 and N-3 positions of thiazolidin-4-ones as HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:6919-26. [PMID: 21982685 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Based on rational drug design approach, a series of novel thiazolidin-4-ones bearing different aryl/heteroaryl moieties at position C-2 and N-3 are synthesized and evaluated as potent inhibitors for human immunodeficiency virus type-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme (HIV-1 RT). An in vitro HIV-1 RT assay showed that the compounds 4, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 14 and 17 have shown high inhibition of reverse transcriptase (75.41, 95.50, 98.07, 91.24, 85.27, 77.59, 84.11 & 76.49% inhibition) enzyme activity. Further, cell based assay showed that compounds 4, 5, 8 &12 are identified as the best compounds of the series (EC(50) ranged from 0.09 to 0.8 μg/ml and 0.12 to 1.06 μg/ml) against HIV-1 III(B) and HIV-1 ADA5 strains, respectively. Moreover, the compounds which were active against HIV-1 III(B) and HIV-1 ADA5 were also found to be active against primary isolates (EC(50) ranged from 0.10 to 1.55 μg/ml against HIV-1 UG070 and 0.07 to 1.1 μg/ml against HIV-1 VB59), respectively. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies demonstrated the importance of the lipophilic bulky substituent pattern on compact heteroaryl ring at N-3, replacement of C4' at C-2 phenyl by trivalent bioisosteric nitrogen and dihalo groups at C-2 aryl/heteroaryl of thiazolidin-4-ones is crucial for anti-HIV-1 activity. Molecular modeling of compounds 4, 5, 8 and 12 in complex with HIV-1 RT demonstrate that there is good correlation of results obtained from SAR studies. Therefore the compounds 4, 5, 8 and 12 may be considered as good candidates for further optimization of anti-HIV-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanangamudi Murugesan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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17
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Raghubir R, Verma R, Samuel SS, Raza S, Haq W, Katti SB. Anti-stroke profile of thiazolidin-4-one derivatives in focal cerebral ischemia model in rat. Chem Biol Drug Des 2011; 78:445-53. [PMID: 21649861 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2011.01153.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, some PPARγ agonists like pioglitazone, rosiglitazone, and other newer thiazolidine-2, 4-dione (TZD) derivatives have been shown to be neuroprotective in experimental model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Replacement of active pharmacophore viz: thiazolidine-2,4-dione of these PPARγ agonists with biologically privileged scaffold thiazolidin-4-one derivatives have been synthesized and bioevaluated in focal cerebral ischemia model in rats with an aim to ameliorate cerebral ischemic damage. Of 20 synthesized molecules, three of the substituted compounds (2, 6 and 18) have shown significant (p < 0.001) neuroprotection even much better than rosiglitazone at same dose, when administered 1 h prior to 2/24hrI/R cerebral injury in rats, whereas compounds 10, 15, and 17 also showed significant but moderate effect on most of the parameters used in the study. Moreover, compound 2 and 6 also showed curative potential after 6 h post I/R treatment. The compound 2 has also shown significant effect on glutamate uptake by perhaps enhancing the GLT-1 activity. Thus, the present study indicates that some of the synthesized thiazolidin-4-one substituted PPARγ agonists exhibit better neuroprotection and have potential to ameliorate the ischemic damage. Therefore, this novel class of compounds could be further suitably modified to obtain potent anti-ischemic agents, warranting clinical exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ram Raghubir
- Divisions of Pharmacology, Central Drug Research Institute, (CSIR), Lucknow- 226001, India.
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18
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Deshpande S, Jaiswal S, Katti SB, Prabhakar YS. CoMFA and CoMSIA analysis of tetrahydroquinolines as potential antimalarial agents. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2011; 22:473-488. [PMID: 21598193 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2011.569945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) were used on a dataset of compounds, some of them having been reported to inhibit Plasmodium falciparum protein, farnesyltransferase. The co-crystal structure of the lead molecule, BMS-214662 bound to Rat-PFT was used as a template. CoMFA yielded a good model, with r²(ncv) = 0.909, r²(cv) = 0.617 and was validated using an external set r²(pred) = 0.748). It compared favourably with CoMSIA. In the CoMFA model the steric and electrostatic fields exerted an almost equal influence on activity. The contour maps indicated the necessity for sterically large electropositive groups with electronegative tail to be present in these molecules for activity, and sterically large electronegative moieties on the sulfonamide linker. By incorporating these features some new compounds have been identified for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deshpande
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, India
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19
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Deshpande S, Singh R, Goodarzi M, Katti SB, Prabhakar YS. Consensus features of CP-MLR and GA in modeling HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity of 4-benzyl/benzoylpyridin-2-one analogues. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2011; 26:696-705. [PMID: 21284408 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.548328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory activity of benzyl/benzoylpyridinones is modeled with molecular features identified in combinatorial protocol in multiple linear regression (CP-MLR) and genetic algorithm (GA). Among the features, nDB and LogP are found to be the most influential descriptors to modulate the activity. Although the coefficient of nDB suggested in favor of benzylpyridinones skeleton, the coefficient of LogP suggested the favorability of hydrophilic nature in compounds for better activity. The partial least squares analysis of the descriptors common to CP-MLR and GA has displayed their predictivity over the total descriptors identified in both the approaches. The back-propagation artificial neural networks model from the five most significant common descriptors (nDB, T(O..O), MATS8e, LogP, and BELp4) has explained 93.2% variance in the HIV-1 RT activity of the training set compounds and showed a test set r(2) of 0.89. The results suggest that the descriptors have the ability to identify the patterns in the compounds to predict potential analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreekant Deshpande
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, CSIR, Lucknow, India
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20
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Solomon VR, Haq W, Smilkstein M, Srivastava K, Puri SK, Katti SB. 4-Aminoquinoline derived antimalarials: synthesis, antiplasmodial activity and heme polymerization inhibition studies. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:4990-6. [PMID: 20805010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2010.07.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A new series of 4-aminoquinoline derivatives have been synthesized and found to be active against both susceptible and resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Compound 1-[3-(7-chloro-quinolin-4-ylamino)-propyl]-3-cyclopropyl-thiourea (7) exhibited superior in vitro activity against resistant strains of P. falciparum as compared to chloroquine (CQ). All the compounds showed resistance factor between 0.59 and 4.31 as against 5.05 for CQ. Spectroscopic studies suggested that this class of compounds act on heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- V R Solomon
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, MG Road, Lucknow 226 001, India
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21
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Murugesan V, Prabhakar YS, Katti SB. CoMFA and CoMSIA studies on thiazolidin-4-one as anti-HIV-1 agents. J Mol Graph Model 2009; 27:735-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Revised: 11/10/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Solomon VR, Haq W, Smilkstein M, Srivastava K, Rajakumar S, Puri SK, Katti SB. Synthesis and antimalarial activity of novel side chain modified antimalarial agents derived from 4-aminoquinoline. Med Chem 2008; 4:446-56. [PMID: 18782041 DOI: 10.2174/157340608785700207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is one of the foremost public health problems in developing countries affecting nearly 40% of the global population. Apart from this, the past two decade's emergence of drug resistance has severely limited the choice of available antimalarial drugs. Furthermore, the general trend emerging from the SAR-studies is that chloroquine resistance does not involve any change to the target of this class of drugs but involves compound specific efflux mechanism. Based on this premise a number of groups have developed short chain analogues of 4-aminoquinoline, which are active against CQ-resistant strains of P. falciparum in in vitro studies. However, these derivatives undergo biotransformation (de-alklyation) significantly affecting lipid solubility of the drug. In view of this background information, we thought that it would be interesting to study the effect of additional lipophilicity and cationic charge at the lateral side chain of 4-aminoquinoline. This prompted us to explore the cationic amino acid conjugates namely, lysine and ornithine of 4-aminoquinoline with a view to achieve improved antimalarial activity and to the best of our knowledge such amino acid conjugates have not been hitherto reported in the literature in the case of 4-aminoquinolines. In the present study, a new series of side-chain modified 4-aminoquinolines have been synthesized and found active against both susceptible and multidrug resistant strains of P. falciparum in vitro and P. yoelli in vivo. The seminal finding of the present study is that a new series of compounds having significantly more activity against CQ resistant parasites has been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raja Solomon
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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23
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Rawal RK, Katti SB, Kaushik-Basu N, Arora P, Pan Z. Non-nucleoside inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus NS5B RNA-dependant RNA polymerase: 2-aryl-3-heteroaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:6110-4. [PMID: 18947995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/19/2008] [Accepted: 10/06/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B RNA polymerase is crucial for replicating the HCV RNA genome and is an attractive target for developing anti-HCV drugs. A novel series of 2,3-diaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one derivatives were evaluated for their ability to inhibit HCV NS5B. Of this series, compounds 4c, 5b, 5c and 6 emerged as more potent, displaying over 95% inhibition of NS5B RNA polymerase activity in vitro. The two most active compounds 4c and 5c exhibited an IC(50) of 31.9 microM and 32.2 microM, respectively, against HCV NS5B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Rawal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, PO Box No. 173, Lucknow, UP 226 001, India
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24
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Pandey D, Haq W, Katti SB. New acylides: synthesis of 3-O-[gamma-(4-oxo-2-aryl-thiazolidin-3-yl)butyryl]erythromycin A derivatives. Beilstein J Org Chem 2008; 4:14. [PMID: 18941486 PMCID: PMC2486485 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.4.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In search of new erythromycin derivatives 3-O-[γ-(4-oxo-2-aryl-thiazolidin-3-yl)butyryl]erythromycin A derivatives have been synthesized. The 3-hydroxy group was derivatised to a primary amine and subsequently the thiazolidinone nucleus was generated at the amino functionality through DCC mediated one-pot three-component reaction in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Pandey
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226 001 India.
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25
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Rawal RK, Tripathi RK, Katti SB, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2, 3-Diaryl substituted-1, 3-thiazolidin-4-ones as Anti-HIV Agents. Med Chem 2007; 3:355-63. [PMID: 17627572 DOI: 10.2174/157340607781024393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A series of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones and metathiazanones were synthesized and evaluated as anti-HIV agents. The results of the in vitro assays showed that some of the synthesized compounds were effective inhibitor of reverse transcriptase enzyme of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) at micromolar concentrations with less cytotoxicity in MT-4 cells as compared to thiazolobenzimidazole (TBZ). Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the nature of the substituents at the 2 and 3 positions of the thiazolidin-4-one nucleus had a significant impact on the in vitro anti-HIV activity of this class of antiretroviral agents. One of the compounds, 1, inhibited the enzyme at 0.204 microM concentrations with minimal cytotoxicity to MT-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Rawal
- Medicinal & Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India
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26
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Rawal RK, Tripathi R, Katti SB, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E. Synthesis and evaluation of 2-(2,6-dihalophenyl)-3-pyrimidinyl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one analogues as anti-HIV-1 agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3134-42. [PMID: 17349793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2006] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/21/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A series of 2-(2,6-dihalophenyl)-3-(substituted pyrimidinyl)-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones were designed on the prediction of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies, synthesized, and evaluated as HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Our attempts in correlating the identified molecular surface features related properties for modeling the HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity resulted in some statistically significant QSAR models with good predictive ability. The results showed that compounds 4m and 4n were highly active in inhibiting HIV-1 replication with EC(50) values in the range of 22-28 nM in MT-4 as well as in CEM cells with selectivity indexes of >10,000. The derived models collectively suggest that the compounds should be compact without bulky substitution on its peripheries for better HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity. These models also indicate a preference for hydrophobic compounds to obtain good HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Rawal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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27
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Abstract
A new series of side-chain modified 4-aminoquinolines have been synthesized and found active against P. falciparum in vitro and P. yoelli in vivo. Compounds 6, 11, 12, and 19 exhibited superior in vitro activity compared to chloroquine. Selected compounds 6, 12, and 19 exhibited significant suppression in the in vivo assay. These analogs form a complex with hematin and inhibit the beta-hematin formation, suggesting that this class of compounds act on a heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raja Solomon
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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28
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Rawal RK, Tripathi R, Katti SB, Pannecouque C, De Clercq E. Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 2-aryl-3-heteroaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones as anti-HIV agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2006; 15:1725-31. [PMID: 17178227 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2006.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2006] [Revised: 11/25/2006] [Accepted: 12/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Compounds having isothiourea or thiourea functional group have shown high anti-HIV-1 activity. Therefore, a series of 2-aryl-3-heteroaryl-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for anti-HIV-1 RT activity. The results of in vitro tests showed that the compound 9 exhibited EC50 at 0.26 microM with minimal toxicity in MT-4 cells as compared to 0.35 microM for thiazobenzimidazole (TBZ). It may be inferred from the present data that majority of compounds in this series exhibit higher selectivity index than TBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Rawal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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29
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Abstract
Iron is crucial for many biochemical reactions involved in the growth and multiplication of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. There are many reports indicating that the iron chelators have antimalarial activity in vitro, in vivo and in human studies. However, these compounds suffer from a number of serious problems such as limited membrane permeability, short half-life and require long subcutaneous infusions. To circumvent these drawbacks we have designed a new class of iron chelators, wherein EDTA is tethered to 4-aminoquinoline. Here 4-aminoquinoline scaffold is used as a carrier to penetrate biological membrane and facilitate targetting the compounds to acidic food vacuole of the parasite. This study describes the synthesis of novel iron chelators and their in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum strain of NF-54. The calculated LogP values of these compounds suggest the importance of lipophilicity for the antimalarial activity. The EDTA esters are more active than the corresponding acids. The biophysical studies suggest that these compounds may inhibit the parasite growth by iron chelation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raja Solomon
- Division of Medicinal & Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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30
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Rawal RK, Prabhakar YS, Katti SB, De Clercq E. 2-(Aryl)-3-furan-2-ylmethyl-thiazolidin-4-ones as selective HIV-RT Inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:6771-6. [PMID: 16198576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 07/20/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4-thiazolidinones were evaluated as selective inhibitors of the HIV-RT enzyme. Our attempt in correlating the derived physicochemical properties with the HIV-RT inhibitory activity resulted in some statistically significant QSAR models with good predictive ability. The QSAR studies indicated the role of lipophilicity, dipole moment and out-of-plane potential energy of the compounds in rationalizing the activity. One of the compounds, 1, inhibited the enzyme at 0.204 microM concentration with minimal toxicity to MT-4 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Rawal
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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31
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Solomon VR, Puri SK, Srivastava K, Katti SB. Design and synthesis of new antimalarial agents from 4-aminoquinoline. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 13:2157-65. [PMID: 15727868 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2004] [Revised: 12/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the synthesis of new 4-aminoquinoline derivatives and evaluation of their activity against a chloroquine sensitive strain of P. falciparum in vitro and chloroquine resistant N-67 strain of P. yoelii in vivo. All the analogues were found to form strong complex with hematin and inhibit the beta-hematin formation in vitro. These results suggest that these compounds act on heme polymerization target.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raja Solomon
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Prabhakar YS, Rawal RK, Gupta MK, Solomon VR, Katti SB. Topological Descriptors in Modeling the HIV Inhibitory Activity of 2-Aryl-3- pyridyl-thiazolidin-4-ones. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2005; 8:431-7. [PMID: 16101582 DOI: 10.2174/1386207054546531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The HIV-1 RT inhibitory activity of 2-(2,6-dihalophenyl)-3-(substituted pyridin-2-yl)-thiazolidin-4-ones has been analyzed with different topological descriptors obtained from DRAGON software. Here, simple topological descriptors (TOPO), Galvez topological charge indices (GVZ) and 2D autocorrelation descriptors (2DAUTO) have been found to yield good predictive models for the activity of these compounds. The correlations obtained from the TOPO class descriptors suggest that less extended or compact saturated structural templates would be better for the activity. The participating GVZ class descriptors suggest that they have same degree of influence on the activity. In 2DAUTO class, the large participation of descriptors of lags seven and three indicate the association of activity information with the seven and three centered structural fragments of these compounds. The physicochemical weighting components of these descriptors suggest homogeneous influence of mass, volume, electronegativity and/ or polarizability on the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Prabhakar
- Division of Medicinal and Process Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001(U.P), India
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Abstract
Selected 4-thiazolidinone have been synthesized and tested as anti-HIV activity. The results of the in vitro tests showed that one of the compounds, 5, inhibited the enzyme at 0.204 microM concentration with minimal toxicity to MT-4 cell. Furthermore, the QSAR studies indicated the role of PMIZ, Ovality and Total energy content of the compounds in rationalizing the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K Rawal
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226 001, India
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Pandey D, Katti SB, Haq W, Tripathi CKM. Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of erythromycin-A oxime analogs. Bioorg Med Chem 2004; 12:3807-13. [PMID: 15210147 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2004.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2004] [Accepted: 05/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A series of erythromycin-A oxime ether as well as esters have been synthesized. Ether derivatives were synthesized through the epoxy ether intermediate of erythromycin-9-oxime, followed by opening of the epoxy linkage through various amines, whereas esters have been prepared through DCC mediated protocol. These derivatives have been evaluated for antibacterial activity and found to be as active as erythromycin-A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Pandey
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Srivastava T, Srivastava TK, Haq W, Katti SB. A Facile and Simple Method for the Reduction of N-protected Amino Acids and Peptides to the Corresponding Alcohols. Journal of Chemical Research 2003. [DOI: 10.3184/030823403103174777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A practical and chemoselective method for the reduction of N-protected amino acids and peptides including carboxylic acids to their corresponding alcohols is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumul Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Tushar K. Srivastava
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - W. Haq
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Seturam B. Katti
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Abstract
We have studied the importance of charge and hydrogen-bonding potential of the phosphodiester backbone for binding and cleavage by EcoRI restriction endonuclease. We used 12-mer oligodeoxynucleotide substrates with single substitutions of phosphates by chiral methylphosphonates at each position of the recognition sequence -pGpApApTpTpCp-. Binding was moderately reduced between 4- and 400-fold more or less equally for the R(P) and S(P)-analogues mainly caused by missing charge interaction. The range of cleavage effects was much wider. Four substrates were not cleaved at all. At both flanking positions and in the purine half of the sequence up to the central position, cleavage was more impaired than binding and differences between R(P) and S(P) diastereomeres were more pronounced. These effects are easily interpreted by direct phosphate contacts seen in the crystal structure. For the effects of substitutions in the pyrimidine half of the recognition sequence, more indirect effects have to be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Rosati
- Zentrum Biochemie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover 30623, Germany
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Kumar A, Dass D, Atreyi M, Rao MV, Katti SB. Conformational rigidity introduced by 2',5'-phosphodiester links in DNA. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:1783-96. [PMID: 11719992 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100107190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Conformational properties of 2',5'-linked 3'-deoxyribonucleotides have been compared with their natural isomer using CD spectroscopy. It is inferred from the salt induced titration curves that the 2',5'-linked-3'deoxyribonucleotides have rigid phosphodiester backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kumar
- Division of Biopolymers, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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38
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Abstract
Non-covalent interactions between met- and leu-enkephalins and their antisense peptides were studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Mixtures of sense and antisense peptides gave both the corresponding homodimers and heterodimers. The relative abundance ratios of the heterodimer to that of the homodimer of the sense peptide and the relative stability constants of the heterodimers were compared with the corresponding values from mixtures of the sense peptides and a control peptide. The results show that there is a preferential interaction between the sense and antisense peptides compared with that between the sense and control peptides.
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Abstract
In general nucleoside analogues were found to possess in vitro amoebicidal property against trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica. The acid-labile nature of these compounds completely destroyed their ability to cure caecal amoebiasis of rats. However the therapeutic efficacy of one of these compounds yielded most promising results, with 10% cures when it was administered as enteric coated formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghosal
- Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Srivastava TK, Friedhoff P, Pingoud A, Katti SB. Application of oligonucleoside methylphosphonates in the studies on phosphodiester hydrolysis by Serratia endonuclease. Nucleosides Nucleotides 1999; 18:1945-60. [PMID: 10549147 DOI: 10.1080/07328319908044856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The endonuclease from Serratia marcescens is a non-specific enzyme that cleaves single and double stranded RNA and DNA. It accepts a phosphorylated pentanucleotide as a minimal substrate which is cleaved in the presence of Mg2+ at the second phosphodiester linkage. The present study is aimed at understanding the role of electrostatic and hydrogen bond interactions in phosphodiester hydrolysis. Towards this objective, six pentadeoxyadenylates with single stereoregular methylphosphonate substitution within this minimal substrate (2a-4b) were synthesized following a protocol described here. These modified oligonucleotides were used as substrates for the Serratia nuclease. The enzyme interaction studies revealed that the enzyme failed to hydrolyze any of the methylphosphonate analogues suggesting the importance of negative charge and/or hydrogen bond acceptors in binding and cleavage of its substrate. Based on these results and available site-directed mutagenesis as well as structural data, a model for nucleic acid binding by Serratia nuclease is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Srivastava
- Division of Biopolymers, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Interactions of [Cr(salprn)(H(2)O)(2)]ClO(4) with nucleosides and dinucleotides were studied using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The nucleosides 2'-deoxycytidine, thymidine, 2'-deoxyadenosine, 2'-deoxyguanosine, cytidine, adenosine and guanosine form 1 : 1 and 2 : 1 adducts with [Cr(salprn)](+), whereas the dinucleotides CpG, GpC, ApT, TpA and TpC form only the 1 : 1 adducts. Collisional activation (CA) spectra of these adducts reveal that Cr(+) attaches to the bases in nucleosides and to both the phosphate and base, especially cytosine and guanine moieties, in the nucleotides. The sugar residues appear to offer no binding sites as elimination of sugar residues is fairly abundant in the CA spectra of the adducts of many of the nucleosides.
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Lanio T, Selent U, Wenz C, Wende W, Schulz A, Adiraj M, Katti SB, Pingoud A. EcoRV-T94V: a mutant restriction endonuclease with an altered substrate specificity towards modified oligodeoxynucleotides. Protein Eng 1996; 9:1005-10. [PMID: 8961353 DOI: 10.1093/protein/9.11.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides with single methyl phosphonate (mp) substitutions were used for an analysis of the contribution of phosphate contacts to the recognition of the cleavage site by the restriction endonuclease EcoRV. Only in the last position within the recognition sequence, is the methyl phosphonate substitution tolerated by the enzyme. The wild-type enzyme cleaves the Sp diastereomer of the oligodeoxynucleotide GACGATATmpCGTC and the unmodified sequence with equal rates, whereas the Rp diastereomer is cleaved much more slowly. Inspection of the crystal structure of an EcoRV-DNA complex revealed that the non-bridging oxygen atoms of the phosphodiester bond between the T and C bases are in hydrogen bonding distance of the hydroxyl group of the amino acid Thr94. We therefore tried to engineer a variant of EcoRV that would prefer a methyl phosphonate linkage over a normal phosphodiester bond and produced mutants with amino acid exchanges at position 94. One of them, Thr94Val, shows a dramatically reduced activity towards the unmodified DNA and does not accept the Rp diastereomer, but cleaves the Sp diastereomer with the same rate as wild-type EcoRV. Its selectivity, i.e. the ratio of cleavage rates determined for the unmodified and modified substrates, differs by three orders of magnitude from that of the wild-type enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lanio
- Institut für Biochemie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
The antisense mRNA complementary to the sense strand of Metenkephalin encodes the antisense peptides, His-Glu-Ala-Pro-Ile (compound 88/62). The antisense peptide and its (Gln1)-analogue (compound 88/63) have synergestic effects on the opioid activity of Met-enkephalin in the GPI test system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Misra
- Division of Biopolymers, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
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