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Lee S, Mattoo SUS, Jeong CG, Kim SC, Nazki S, Lee G, Park YS, Park SY, Yang MS, Kim B, Lee SM, Kim WI. Intradermal Inoculation of Inactivated Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccine Induced Effective Immune Responses Comparable to Conventional Intramuscular Injection in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:190. [PMID: 38400173 PMCID: PMC10892606 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
All pigs in the Republic of Korea are given the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) vaccine intramuscularly (IM) as part of the country's vaccination policy. However, the IM administration of the FMDV vaccine to pig results in residual vaccine components in the muscle and undesirable changes in muscle and soft tissues, causing economic losses in swine production. In this study, we evaluated whether intradermal (ID) vaccination could be proposed as an alternative to IM administration. ID vaccination (0.2 mL on each side of the neck muscle) and IM vaccination (2 mL on each side of the neck muscle) were performed twice, separated by 14 days, using a commercial FMD vaccine in specific-pathogen-free pigs. We observed growth performance, gross and microscopic lesions at the inoculation site, FMDV-specific antibodies, and neutralizing antibodies for 35 days after vaccination. Side effects on the skin grossly appeared following ID administration, but most were reduced within two weeks. All ID-vaccinated pigs showed inflammatory lesions limited to the dermis, but IM-vaccinated pigs had abnormal undesirable changes and pus in the muscle. ID-vaccinated pigs performed comparably to IM-vaccinated pigs in terms of growth, FMD virus-specific antibodies, protection capability against FMDV, and T-cell induction. This study demonstrated that the ID inoculation of the inactivated FMD vaccine induced immune responses comparable to an IM injection at 1/10 of the inoculation dose and that the inoculation lesion was limited to the dermis, effectively protecting against the formation of abnormal undesirable changes in muscle and soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Sameer ul Salam Mattoo
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Gyehan Lee
- Miraclescope Inc., 700 Pangyo-ro, Seongnam 13516, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yong-Soo Park
- Department of Livestock, Korea National University of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sun Young Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea;
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- Department of Companion and Laboratory Animal Science, Kongju National University, Yesan-eup, Yesan 32439, Republic of Korea;
| | - Bumseok Kim
- Biosafety Research Institute and Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Chungju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (C.-G.J.); (S.-C.K.); (S.N.)
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Kim DM, Moon SH, Kim SC, Lee TG, Cho HS, Tark D. Genome characterization of a Korean isolate of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0011823. [PMID: 38117065 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00118-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) outbreaks occur annually in the Republic of Korea. The complete genome sequence of the PED virus isolate CKK1-1 obtained from an infected pig was determined. The genome is 28,037 nt long, excluding the poly(A) tail, and contains seven open reading frames flanked by two untranslated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Min Kim
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Taek Geun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University , Iksan, South Korea
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Lim B, Kim SC, Kim WI, Kim JM. Integrative time-serial networks for genome-wide lncRNA-mRNA interactions reveal interferon-inducible antiviral and T-cell receptor regulations against PRRSV infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 147:104759. [PMID: 37315774 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection severely affects the swine industry each year. Although the host mechanisms against PRRSV infection have been identified in key target tissues through whole transcriptome sequencing, specific molecular regulators have not been elucidated. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression is highly specific and could thus be used to effectively identify PRRSV-specific candidates. Here, we identified novel lncRNAs in lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, and tonsils after PRRSV infection and constructed phenotype-based integrative co-expression networks using time-series differentially expressed (DE) lncRNAs and mRNAs. After the analyses, a total of 309 lncRNA-mRNA interactions were identified. During early host innate signalling, interferon-inducible and interferon genes were positively regulated by specific lncRNA. Moreover, T-cell receptor genes in lung adaptive immune signalling were negatively regulated by specific lncRNA. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the genome-wide lncRNA-mRNA interactions and dynamic regulation of lncRNA-mediated mechanisms against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghwi Lim
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Functional Genomics & Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Yun SY, Choi YJ, Chung SR, Suh CH, Kim SC, Lee JH, Baek JH. Image findings of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis involving the skull base. Clin Radiol 2023; 78:e568-e573. [PMID: 37164808 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of skull bases involving anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV). MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken to identify an institutional historical cohort of 17 patients with confirmed AAV who underwent CT or MRI and had skull base involvement between 2002 and 2021. Two radiologists reviewed the extent and features of the lesions, bone changes, and other MRI findings. RESULTS A total of 17 patients (12 men; mean age ± standard deviation, 46.5 ± 17.1 years) were selected. AAV presented as infiltrative lesions with involvement at various sites. Most cases involved the paranasal sinuses (PNS; 88%, 15/17), nasopharynx (88%, 15/17), pterygopalatine fossa (82%, 14/17), and parapharyngeal space (82%, 14/17), frequently accompanied by mucosal irregularity of the PNS and nasopharynx (71%, 12/17). Central skull base and temporal bone involvement were seen in 53% (9/17) and 38% (6/16) of cases, respectively. On T1-weighted imaging (WI) and T2WI MRI, all lesions (15/15) showed predominant signal iso-intensity to grey matter. CONCLUSIONS Although radiological findings of AAV are non-specific and skull base involvement is less common, AAV may be considered if infiltrative lesions predominantly involving the PNS, nasopharynx, pterygopalatine fossa, and parapharyngeal space with combined bone changes of skull base are seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Yun
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Choi
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - S R Chung
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C H Suh
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Baek
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim DM, Moon SH, Kim SC, Cho HS, Tark D. Development of Effective PEDV Vaccine Candidates Based on Viral Culture and Protease Activity. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11050923. [PMID: 37243027 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11050923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) is a highly contagious disease that has been reported annually in several Asian countries, causing significant economic losses to the swine livestock industry. Although vaccines against the porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are available, their efficacy remains questionable due to limitations such as viral genome mutation and insufficient intestinal mucosal immunity. Therefore, the development of a safe and effective vaccine is necessary. In this study, a virulent Korean strain of PEDV, CKT-7, was isolated from a piglet with severe diarrhea, and six different conditions were employed for serial passage of the strain in a cell culture system to generate effective live attenuated vaccine (LAV) candidates. The characteristics of these strains were analyzed in vitro and in vivo, and the CKT-7 N strain was identified as the most effective vaccine candidate, with a viral titer peak of 8.67 ± 0.29 log10TCID50/mL, and no mortality or diarrhea symptoms were observed in five-day-old piglets. These results indicate that LAV candidates can be generated through serial passage with different culture conditions and provide valuable insights into the development of a highly effective LAV against PEDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Min Kim
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 545431, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyun Moon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Seong Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Bio-Safety Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongseob Tark
- Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention, Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 545431, Republic of Korea
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Mattoo SUS, Aganja RP, Kim SC, Jeong CG, Nazki S, Khatun A, Kim WI, Lee SM. A standardized method to study immune responses using porcine whole blood. J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e11. [PMID: 36726276 PMCID: PMC9899947 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are commonly used to assess in vitro immune responses. However, PBMC isolation is a time-consuming procedure, introduces technical variability, and requires a relatively large volume of blood. By contrast, whole blood assay (WBA) is faster, cheaper, maintains more physiological conditions, and requires less sample volume, laboratory training, and equipment. OBJECTIVES Herein, this study aimed to develop a porcine WBA for in vitro evaluation of immune responses. METHODS Heparinized whole blood (WB) was diluted (non-diluted, 1/2, 1/8, and 1/16) in RPMI-1640 media, followed by phorbol myristate acetate and ionomycin. After 24 h, cells were stained for interferon (IFN)-γ secreting T-cells followed by flow cytometry, and the supernatant was analyzed for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. In addition, diluted WB was stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C), reference strain KCTC3557 (RS), field isolate (FI), of heat-killed (HK) Streptococcus suis, and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). RESULTS The frequency of IFN-γ+CD3+ T-cells and concentration of TNF-α in the supernatant of WB increased with increasing dilution factor and were optimal at 1/8. WB TNF-α and interleukin (IL)-10 cytokine levels increased significantly following stimulation with LPS or poly I:C. Further, FI and RS induced IL-10 production in WB. Additionally, PRRSV strains increased the frequency of IFN-γ+CD4-CD8+ cells, and IFN-γ was non-significantly induced in the supernatant of re-stimulated samples. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the WBA is a rapid, reliable, and simple method to evaluate immune responses and WB should be diluted to trigger immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, GU24 0NF, United Kingdom
| | - Amina Khatun
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea.
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea.
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Kim JH, Kim SC, Kim HJ, Jeong CG, Park GS, Choi JS, Kim WI. Insight into the Economic Effects of a Severe Korean PRRSV1 Outbreak in a Farrow-to-Nursery Farm. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213024. [PMID: 36359148 PMCID: PMC9656131 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease that has inflicted economic losses in the swine industry. The causative agent, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is known to have a high genetic diversity which leads to heterogeneous pathogenicity. To date, the impact of PRRS outbreaks on swine production and the economy of the swine industry in South Korea has been rarely reported. In this study, we compare the reproductive performance in the breeding-farrowing phase and growth performance in the nursery phase, in two 27-week periods, one before and one after a PRRSV1 outbreak on a 650-sow farrow-to-nursery farm caused by a Korean PRRSV1 isolate which was genetically distinct from vaccine strains or other global strains. The reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of nursery pigs were compared using row data consisting of 1907 mating records, 1648 farrowing records, and 17,129 weaning records from 32 breeding batches. The following variables were significantly different between the pre-PRRS outbreak period and the post-PRRS outbreak period: the farrowing rate (−7.1%, p < 0.0001), the abortion rate (+3.9%, p < 0.0001), the return rate (+2.9%, p = 0.0250), weaning to estrus interval days (+1.9 days, p < 0.0001), total piglets born (−1.2 pigs/litter, p < 0.0001), piglets born alive (−2.2 pigs/litter, p < 0.0001), weaned piglets (−2.7 pigs/litter, p < 0.0001), pre-weaning mortality (+7.4%, p < 0.0001), weaning weight (−0.9 kg/pig, p = 0.0015), the mortality rate (+2.8%, p < 0.0001), average daily gain (−69.8 g/d, p < 0.0001), and the feed conversion ratio (+0.26, p = 0.0036). Economic losses for a period of 27 weeks after a PRRS outbreak were calculated at KRW 99,378 (USD 82.8) per mated female for the breeding-farrowing phase, KRW 8,968 (USD 7.5) per pig for the nursery growth phase, and KRW 245,174 (USD 204.3) per sow in the post-outbreak period. In conclusion, the farrow-to-nursery farm in our study suffered extensive production and economic losses as a result of a PRRSV1 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Dodram Pig Farmers Cooperative, Daejeon 35377, Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hwan-Ju Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seo Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jong-San Choi
- Department of Agri-Food Marketing, Jeonbuk National Univeristy, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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Kim J, Kim SC, Kang D, Yon DK, Kim JG. Classification of Alzheimer's disease stage using machine learning for left and right oxygenation difference signals in the prefrontal cortex: a patient-level, single-group, diagnostic interventional trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:7734-7741. [PMID: 36394721 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202211_30122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence shows that indicators testing conventional olfactory function have a high degree of similarity to cognitive function tests and the potential to diagnose early-stage Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, the efficacy of functional near-infrared spectroscopy time-series data obtained through olfactory stimulation was investigated as an early diagnostic tool for mild cognitive impairment in AD using random forest, a machine learning algorithm. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a patient-level, single-group, diagnostic interventional trial using near-infrared signals measured during olfactory stimulation in the prefrontal cortex of 178 older adults ranging from normal to participants with AD as markers to discriminate AD stages. We first divided the participants into normal older adults, AD mild cognitive impairment, and AD groups using dementia diagnostic criteria such as the Mini-Mental State Examination and Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery. We compared the left and right oxygenation difference by calculating the relative oxygenation difference from the change in relative oxygen concentration. RESULTS A total of 168 participants met the eligibility criteria: 70 (41.6%) had normal cognitive function; 42 (25%) mild cognitive impairment; 21 (12.5%) mild AD; and 35 (20.8%) moderate AD. A random forest machine learning model was developed to predict the AD stage, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 90.7% for mild cognitive impairment and AD, 90.99% for mild cognitive impairment, and 93.34% for AD only. CONCLUSIONS Based on the classification of the oxygenation difference index of the left and right prefrontal cortices during olfactory stimulation through machine learning, we found that it was possible to detect early-stage mild cognitive impairment in AD. Our results highlight the potential for early AD diagnosis using near-infrared signals from the prefrontal cortex obtained upon olfactory stimulation. Moreover, the results showed high similarity to the existing cognitive function tests and high accuracy in AD stage classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea.
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Noh YH, Kim SC, Jeong CG, Lee SC, Lee DU, Yoon IJ, Kim WI. Pathological Evaluation of Porcine Circovirus 2d (PCV2d) Strain and Comparative Evaluation of PCV2d and PCV2b Inactivated Vaccines against PCV2d Infection in a Specific Pathogen-Free (SPF) Yucatan Miniature Pig Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091469. [PMID: 36146547 PMCID: PMC9501194 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important swine pathogen that causes porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVADs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of specific pathogen-free Yucatan miniature pigs (YMPs) as an experimental model for PCV2d challenge and vaccine assessment because PCV2-negative pigs are extremely rare in conventional swine herds in Korea. In the first experiment, every three pigs were subjected to PCV2d field isolate or mock challenge. During three weeks of experiments, the PCV2d infection group exhibited clinical outcomes of PCVAD with high viral loads, lymphoid depletion, and detection of PCV2d antigens in lymphoid organs by immunohistochemistry. In the second experiment, three groups of pigs were challenged with PCV2d after immunization for three weeks: a nonvaccinated group (three pigs), a PCV2b-Vac group vaccinated with a commercial PCV2b-based inactivated vaccine SuiShot® Circo-ONE (five pigs), and a PCV2d-Vac group vaccinated with an experimental PCV2d-based inactivated vaccine (five pigs). During the three weeks of the challenge period, nonvaccinated pigs showed similar clinical outcomes to those observed in the PCV2d infection group from the first experiment. In contrast, both the PCV2b and PCV2d vaccinations produced good levels of protection against PCV2d challenge, as evidenced by reduced viral loads, improved growth performance, high virus-neutralizing antibody titers, and less development of PCV2-associated pathological lesions. Taken together, these data suggest that YMPs could be an alternative model for PCV2 challenge experiments, and these animals displayed typical clinical and pathological features and characteristics of protective immunity induced by the vaccines that were consistent with those resulting from PCV2 infections in conventional pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Hee Noh
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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Ragupathy S, Priyadharsan A, AlSalhi MS, Devanesan S, Guganathan L, Santhamoorthy M, Kim SC. Effect of doping and loading Parameters on photocatalytic degradation of brilliant green using Sn doped ZnO loaded CSAC. Environ Res 2022; 210:112833. [PMID: 35150712 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sn doped ZnO loaded cotton stalk activated carbon (Sn-ZnO/CSAC) was prepared by chemical precipitation method, and the products were characterized. The XRD resultants confirm that the presence of hexagonal wurtzite phase of the bare ZnO. Furthermore, particular particle size gradually decreases (21.49 nm) due to doping and loading. UV-Vis absorption intensity of doped/loaded sample was red-shifted and then PL intensity is reduced. The photocatalytic performances of bare, Sn-doped ZnO and Sn-ZnO/CSAC was estimated by photodegradation of brilliant green (BG) under sunlight. The photodegradation of BG dye in 120 min over Sn-doped ZnO/CSAC is nearly 96.52%, which is considerably improved than bare ZnO (72.60%), respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ragupathy
- Department of Physics, E.R.K. Arts and Science College, Erumiyampatti, Dharmapuri, 636 905, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - A Priyadharsan
- Department of Physics, E.R.K. Arts and Science College, Erumiyampatti, Dharmapuri, 636 905, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - L Guganathan
- Department of Physics, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, 608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Santhamoorthy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38544, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38544, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SC, Kim JH, Kim JY, Park GS, Jeong CG, Kim WI. Prevalence of porcine parvovirus 1 through 7 (PPV1-PPV7) and co-factor association with PCV2 and PRRSV in Korea. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:133. [PMID: 35395853 PMCID: PMC8994367 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03236-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Classical porcine parvovirus (PPV1) and novel porcine parvoviruses designated porcine parvovirus 2 through 7 (PPV2-PPV7) are widespread in pig populations. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence rates of PPV1-PPV7 in Korea by detecting PPVs in serum, lung and fecal samples and to elucidate the association of PPVs with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and porcine reproductive and respiratory virus (PRRSV), major pathogens involved in porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). A total of 286 serum, 481 lung, and 281 fecal samples collected from 2018 to 2020 were analyzed. Results The results showed that PPVs are widespread in Korea; the highest detection rates were found in lung samples and ranged from 7.9% (PPV1) to 32.6% (PPV2). Regarding age groups, fattening pigs had the highest detection rates of PPVs, ranging from 6.4% (PPV1) to 36.5% (PPV6); this finding suggests the chronic nature of PPV infections and the continual circulation of these viruses. When compared with PCV2- and PRRSV-negative lung samples, PCV2-positive samples with or without PRRSV positivity had significantly higher detection levels of PPV1 and PPV6. In contrast, the prevalence of PPV2 and PPV7 was significantly higher in PRRSV-infected lung samples regardless of PCV2 detection. PPV5 was detected significantly more frequently in samples with both PCV2 and PRRSV positivity. Conclusions This study could offer a better understanding of the role of PPVs in PCV2 and/or PRRSV infection though further studies are needed to experimentally assess the impact of PPVs in coinfections. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03236-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Hong Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Jae-Yeob Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Korea.
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Jeong CG, Nazki S, Kim SC, Khatun A, Noh YH, Lee DU, Kang SC, Seo BJ, Yang MS, Lee SI, Yoon IJ, Kim B, Kim WI. Comparison of the pathogenicity of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in pregnant sows. Arch Virol 2022; 167:425-439. [PMID: 35079900 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05303-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To date, few studies related to the evaluation of the pathogenicity of different PRRSV isolates using a reproductive model have been undertaken, and the main focus has remained on respiratory models using young pigs. This study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity of two PRRSV-1 isolates (D40 and CBNU0495) and two PRRSV-2 isolates (K07-2273 and K08-1054) in a reproductive model. Pregnant sows were experimentally infected with PRRSV at gestational day 93 or used as an uninfected negative control. Sera were collected at 0, 3, 7, 14, and 19 days post-challenge (dpc) for virological and serological assays. At 19 dpc, all sows were euthanized, and their fetuses were recovered by performing cesarean section and immediately euthanized for sample collection. Here, compared to the other isolates, the CBNU0495 isolate replicated most efficiently in the pregnant sows, and K07-2273 produced the highest rate of reproductive failure even though it did not replicate as efficiently as the other isolates in sows and fetuses, indicating that vertical transmission and reproductive failure due to PRRSV infection do not have any significant correlation with the viral loads in samples from sows and fetuses. Similarly, the viral loads and the histopathological lesions did not show any correlation with each other, as the PRRSV-2-infected groups displayed more prominent and frequent histopathological lesions with lower viral loads than the PRRSV-1-infected groups. However, viral loads in the myometrium/endometrium might be related to the spreading of PRRSV in the fetuses, which affected the birth weight of live fetuses. This study contributes to a better understanding of the pathogenicity of the most prevalent Korean PRRSVs in a reproductive model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.,The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, UK
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Yun-Hee Noh
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Byoung-Joo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Jeong CG, Khatun A, Nazki S, Kim SC, Noh YH, Kang SC, Lee DU, Yang MS, Shabir N, Yoon IJ, Kim B, Kim WI. Evaluation of the Cross-Protective Efficacy of a Chimeric PRRSV Vaccine against Two Genetically Diverse PRRSV2 Field Strains in a Reproductive Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111258. [PMID: 34835189 PMCID: PMC8617800 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the routine use of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)-modified live vaccines, serious concerns are currently being raised due to their quick reversion to virulence and limited cross-protection against divergent PRRS virus (PRRSV) strains circulating in the field. Therefore, a PRRS chimeric vaccine (JB1) was produced using a DNA-launched infectious clone by replacing open reading frames (ORFs) 3–6 with those from a mixture of two genetically different PRRSV2 strains (K07–2273 and K08–1054) and ORF1a with that from a mutation-resistant PRRSV strain (RVRp22) exhibiting an attenuated phenotype. To evaluate the safety and cross-protective efficacy of JB1 in a reproductive model, eight PRRS-negative pregnant sows were purchased and divided into four groups. Four sows in two of the groups were vaccinated with JB1, and the other 4 sows were untreated at gestational day 60. At gestational day 93, one vaccinated group and one nonvaccinated group each were challenged with either K07–2273 or K08–1054. All of the sows aborted or delivered until gestation day 115 (24 days post challenge), and the newborn piglets were observed up to the 28th day after birth, which was the end of the experiment. Overall, pregnant sows of the JB1-vaccinated groups showed no meaningful viremia after vaccination and significant reductions in viremia with K07–2273 and K08–1054, exhibiting significantly higher levels of serum virus-neutralizing antibodies than non-vaccinated sows. Moreover, the JB1-vaccinated groups did not exhibit any abortion due to vaccination and showed improved piglet viability and birth weight. The piglets from JB1-vaccinated sows displayed lower viral concentrations in serum and fewer lung lesions compared with those of the piglets from the nonvaccinated sows. Therefore, JB1 is a safe and effective vaccine candidate that confers simultaneous protection against two genetically different PRRSV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Yun-Hee Noh
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Sang-Chul Kang
- Animal Clinical Evaluation Center, Optipharm Inc., Cheongju-si 28158, Korea;
| | - Dong-Uk Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Nadeem Shabir
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Division of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - In-Joong Yoon
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratory, Daejeon 34055, Korea; (Y.-H.N.); (D.-U.L.); (I.-J.Y.)
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea; (C.-G.J.); (A.K.); (S.N.); (S.-C.K.); (M.-S.Y.); (N.S.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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14
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Lee SI, Jeong CG, Ul Salam Mattoo S, Nazki S, Prasad Aganja R, Kim SC, Khatun A, Oh Y, Noh SH, Lee SM, Kim WI. Protective immunity induced by concurrent intradermal injection of porcine circovirus type 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae inactivated vaccines in pigs. Vaccine 2021; 39:6691-6699. [PMID: 34538524 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines against porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhp) are routinely used by intramuscular injection. However, since intramuscular vaccination causes stress and increases the risk of cross-contamination among pigs, research on intradermal vaccination is currently being actively conducted. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of intradermally administered inactivated vaccines against PCV2 and Mhp in pigs. Three-week-old specific pathogen-free pigs were divided into three groups (5 pigs per group). Pigs in the two groups were intradermally vaccinated with the PCV2 or Mhp vaccine using a needle-free injector. Pigs in the third group were kept as nonvaccinated controls. At 21 days post-vaccination, pigs in one of these vaccinated groups and the nonvaccinated group were intranasally challenged with PCV2b and Mhp, while the other vaccinated group pigs were maintained as vaccine controls. Vaccine efficacy was evaluated by observing weight gain, pathogen load, pathological changes, and humoral or cellular immune responses. As a result, vaccinated pigs revealed significantly higher body weight gain, with lower clinical scores. Vaccinated pigs also showed higher antibody responses but lower PCV2b or Mhp loads in sera, nasal swabs, or lungs than nonvaccinated pigs. Intriguingly, vaccinated pigs upregulated cytotoxic T cells (CTLs), helper T type 1 cells (Th1 cells), and helper T type 17 cells (Th17 cells) after immunization and showed significantly higher levels of CTLs, Th1 and Th17 cells at 14 days post-challenge than nonvaccinated and challenged pigs. This study demonstrated that protective immune responses against PCV2 and Mhp could be efficiently induced in pigs using a relatively small volume of intradermal vaccines, probably due to effective antigen delivery to antigen-presenting cells in the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright-GU24 0NF, Woking, United Kingdom.
| | - Ram Prasad Aganja
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea; Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Yeonsu Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Hyun Noh
- MSD Animal Health Korea Ltd., Seoul 04637, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lee W, Kim SC. ASO Author Reflections: Is the Current Nodal Staging Systems for Pancreatic Cancer Applicable to all Possible Circumstances? Ann Surg Oncol 2021; 29:399-400. [PMID: 34427822 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-021-10693-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Kim SC, Jeong CG, Park GS, Park JY, Jeoung HY, Shin GE, Ko MK, Kim SH, Lee KK, Kim WI. Temporal lineage dynamics of the ORF5 gene of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in Korea in 2014-2019. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2803-2815. [PMID: 34374840 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important pathogen in the Korean swine industry. Despite efforts including improved biosecurity and vaccination protocols, the virus continues to circulate and evolve. Based on phylogenetic analysis of open reading frame 5 (ORF5), Korean PRRSVs are known to form not only globally circulating lineages but also country-specific lineages (Lin Kor A, B, and C). To understand the recent epidemiological status of PRRSV in Korea, a total of 1349 ORF5 sequences of Korean PRRSV isolates from 2014 to 2019 were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted using the maximum-likelihood method, and temporal changes in the relative prevalence of lineages were investigated. The analysis showed that PRRSV1 and PRRSV2 were both highly prevalent throughout the years examined. Among the PRRSV1 isolates, subgroup A (90.1%) and vaccine-like subgroup C (9.0%) composed most of the population. For PRRSV2 isolates, vaccine-like lineage 5 (36.3%) was dominant, followed by Lin Kor B (25.9%), Kor C (16.6%), lineage 1 (11.6%), and Kor A (9.1%). The PRRSV2 lineage 1 population increased from 2014 (1.8%) to 2019 (29.6%) in Korea due to the continual spread of sublineage 1.8 (NADC30-like) and introduction of sublineage 1.6 into the country. Additional genetic analysis, including analysis of non synonymous and synonymous mutations, revealed evidence of diversification and positive selection in immunologically important regions of the genome, suggesting that current vaccination is failing and promoting immune-mediated selection. Overall, these findings provide insights into the epidemiological and evolutionary dynamics of cocirculating viral lineages, and constant surveillance of PRRSV occurrence is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Young Park
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Hye-Young Jeoung
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Go-Eun Shin
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Mi-Kyeong Ko
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Seoung-Hee Kim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ki Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177 Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon, 39660, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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17
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Abi B, Albahri T, Al-Kilani S, Allspach D, Alonzi LP, Anastasi A, Anisenkov A, Azfar F, Badgley K, Baeßler S, Bailey I, Baranov VA, Barlas-Yucel E, Barrett T, Barzi E, Basti A, Bedeschi F, Behnke A, Berz M, Bhattacharya M, Binney HP, Bjorkquist R, Bloom P, Bono J, Bottalico E, Bowcock T, Boyden D, Cantatore G, Carey RM, Carroll J, Casey BCK, Cauz D, Ceravolo S, Chakraborty R, Chang SP, Chapelain A, Chappa S, Charity S, Chislett R, Choi J, Chu Z, Chupp TE, Convery ME, Conway A, Corradi G, Corrodi S, Cotrozzi L, Crnkovic JD, Dabagov S, De Lurgio PM, Debevec PT, Di Falco S, Di Meo P, Di Sciascio G, Di Stefano R, Drendel B, Driutti A, Duginov VN, Eads M, Eggert N, Epps A, Esquivel J, Farooq M, Fatemi R, Ferrari C, Fertl M, Fiedler A, Fienberg AT, Fioretti A, Flay D, Foster SB, Friedsam H, Frlež E, Froemming NS, Fry J, Fu C, Gabbanini C, Galati MD, Ganguly S, Garcia A, Gastler DE, George J, Gibbons LK, Gioiosa A, Giovanetti KL, Girotti P, Gohn W, Gorringe T, Grange J, Grant S, Gray F, Haciomeroglu S, Hahn D, Halewood-Leagas T, Hampai D, Han F, Hazen E, Hempstead J, Henry S, Herrod AT, Hertzog DW, Hesketh G, Hibbert A, Hodge Z, Holzbauer JL, Hong KW, Hong R, Iacovacci M, Incagli M, Johnstone C, Johnstone JA, Kammel P, Kargiantoulakis M, Karuza M, Kaspar J, Kawall D, Kelton L, Keshavarzi A, Kessler D, Khaw KS, Khechadoorian Z, Khomutov NV, Kiburg B, Kiburg M, Kim O, Kim SC, Kim YI, King B, Kinnaird N, Korostelev M, Kourbanis I, Kraegeloh E, Krylov VA, Kuchibhotla A, Kuchinskiy NA, Labe KR, LaBounty J, Lancaster M, Lee MJ, Lee S, Leo S, Li B, Li D, Li L, Logashenko I, Lorente Campos A, Lucà A, Lukicov G, Luo G, Lusiani A, Lyon AL, MacCoy B, Madrak R, Makino K, Marignetti F, Mastroianni S, Maxfield S, McEvoy M, Merritt W, Mikhailichenko AA, Miller JP, Miozzi S, Morgan JP, Morse WM, Mott J, Motuk E, Nath A, Newton D, Nguyen H, Oberling M, Osofsky R, Ostiguy JF, Park S, Pauletta G, Piacentino GM, Pilato RN, Pitts KT, Plaster B, Počanić D, Pohlman N, Polly CC, Popovic M, Price J, Quinn B, Raha N, Ramachandran S, Ramberg E, Rider NT, Ritchie JL, Roberts BL, Rubin DL, Santi L, Sathyan D, Schellman H, Schlesier C, Schreckenberger A, Semertzidis YK, Shatunov YM, Shemyakin D, Shenk M, Sim D, Smith MW, Smith A, Soha AK, Sorbara M, Stöckinger D, Stapleton J, Still D, Stoughton C, Stratakis D, Strohman C, Stuttard T, Swanson HE, Sweetmore G, Sweigart DA, Syphers MJ, Tarazona DA, Teubner T, Tewsley-Booth AE, Thomson K, Tishchenko V, Tran NH, Turner W, Valetov E, Vasilkova D, Venanzoni G, Volnykh VP, Walton T, Warren M, Weisskopf A, Welty-Rieger L, Whitley M, Winter P, Wolski A, Wormald M, Wu W, Yoshikawa C. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:141801. [PMID: 33891447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first results of the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency ω_{a} between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'} in a spherical water sample at 34.7 °C. The ratio ω_{a}/ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, together with known fundamental constants, determines a_{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 040(54)×10^{-11} (0.46 ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both μ^{+} and μ^{-}, the new experimental average of a_{μ}(Exp)=116 592 061(41)×10^{-11} (0.35 ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Albahri
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Al-Kilani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Allspach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - L P Alonzi
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - A Anisenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Badgley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Baeßler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - I Bailey
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - V A Baranov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - E Barlas-Yucel
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - T Barrett
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - E Barzi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - A Behnke
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - M Berz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - H P Binney
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - P Bloom
- North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - J Bono
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Bottalico
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Bowcock
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - G Cantatore
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - R M Carey
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Carroll
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B C K Casey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Cauz
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - S Ceravolo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - S P Chang
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - S Chappa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Charity
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - R Chislett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Choi
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Z Chu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T E Chupp
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Conway
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Corradi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Corrodi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - L Cotrozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Crnkovic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - S Dabagov
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - P T Debevec
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - P Di Meo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - R Di Stefano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - B Drendel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Driutti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - V N Duginov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - N Eggert
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A Epps
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - J Esquivel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Farooq
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - C Ferrari
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics and Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Fiedler
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - A T Fienberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Fioretti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Flay
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S B Foster
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Friedsam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Frlež
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - N S Froemming
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Fry
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - C Fu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Gabbanini
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - M D Galati
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ganguly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - A Garcia
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D E Gastler
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J George
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - A Gioiosa
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - K L Giovanetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - P Girotti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Gohn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - T Gorringe
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - J Grange
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - S Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Gray
- Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - S Haciomeroglu
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - D Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - D Hampai
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Han
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - E Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Hempstead
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S Henry
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A T Herrod
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D W Hertzog
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Hesketh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Hibbert
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Z Hodge
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J L Holzbauer
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - K W Hong
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - R Hong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - C Johnstone
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J A Johnstone
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - P Kammel
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - M Karuza
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - J Kaspar
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Kelton
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Keshavarzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Kessler
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K S Khaw
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - N V Khomutov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - B Kiburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Kiburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - O Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Y I Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - B King
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Kinnaird
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - I Kourbanis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Kraegeloh
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V A Krylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - A Kuchibhotla
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - K R Labe
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - J LaBounty
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M J Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B Li
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - I Logashenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Lukicov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Luo
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - A L Lyon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - B MacCoy
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - K Makino
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - F Marignetti
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | | | - S Maxfield
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M McEvoy
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - W Merritt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - J P Miller
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Miozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - J P Morgan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - W M Morse
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - J Mott
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Motuk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Nath
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Newton
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Nguyen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - R Osofsky
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J-F Ostiguy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - G Pauletta
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - G M Piacentino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - R N Pilato
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - K T Pitts
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B Plaster
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - D Počanić
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - N Pohlman
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - C C Polly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Popovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J Price
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Quinn
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - N Raha
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - E Ramberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N T Rider
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - B L Roberts
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D L Rubin
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - L Santi
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - D Sathyan
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Schellman
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - C Schlesier
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - A Schreckenberger
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Y K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Shatunov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D Shemyakin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Shenk
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - D Sim
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M W Smith
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Smith
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A K Soha
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Sorbara
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D Stöckinger
- Institut für Kern-und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Stapleton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Still
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Stoughton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Stratakis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Strohman
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - T Stuttard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H E Swanson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Sweetmore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - M J Syphers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - D A Tarazona
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - T Teubner
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - K Thomson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V Tishchenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - N H Tran
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Valetov
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Vasilkova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - V P Volnykh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - T Walton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Warren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weisskopf
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - L Welty-Rieger
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Whitley
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Winter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - A Wolski
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Wormald
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W Wu
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - C Yoshikawa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
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18
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Kim SC, Jeong CG, Nazki S, Lee SI, Baek YC, Jung YJ, Kim WI. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR method for the detection of porcine parvovirus types 1 through 7 using various field samples. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245699. [PMID: 33508002 PMCID: PMC7842984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine parvoviruses (PPVs) are small, nonenveloped DNA viruses that are widespread in the global pig population. PPV type 1 (PPV1) is a major causative agent of reproductive failure and has been recognized since the 1960s. In recent decades, novel PPVs have been identified and designated as PPVs 2 through 7 (PPV2~PPV7). Although the epidemiological impacts of these newly recognized parvoviruses on pigs are largely unknown, continuous surveillance of these PPVs is needed. The aim of this study was to develop an improved and efficient detection tool for these PPVs and to assess the developed method with field samples. Using 7 sets of newly designed primers, a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) protocol was developed for the simultaneous detection of the seven genotypes of PPV (PPV1~PPV7). The sensitivity of the mPCR assay was analyzed, and the detection limit was determined to be 3×103 viral copies. The assay was highly specific in detecting one or more of the viruses in various combinations in specimens. The mPCR method was evaluated with 80 serum samples, 40 lung or lymph node samples and 40 intestine or fecal samples. When applied to these samples, the mPCR method could detect the 7 viruses simultaneously, providing rapid results regarding infection and coinfection status. In conclusion, the developed mPCR assay can be utilized as an effective and accurate diagnostic tool for rapid differential detection and epidemiological surveillance of various PPVs in numerous types of field samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, United Kingdom
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon, Korea
| | - Ye-Chan Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Yong-Jin Jung
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Korea
- * E-mail:
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19
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Lim B, Kim S, Lim KS, Jeong CG, Kim SC, Lee SM, Park CK, Te Pas MFW, Gho H, Kim TH, Lee KT, Kim WI, Kim JM. Integrated time-serial transcriptome networks reveal common innate and tissue-specific adaptive immune responses to PRRSV infection. Vet Res 2020; 51:128. [PMID: 33050948 PMCID: PMC7552595 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is the most important viral disease causing severe economic losses in the swine industry. However, mechanisms underlying gene expression control in immunity-responsible tissues at different time points during PRRSV infection are poorly understood. We constructed an integrated gene co-expression network and identified tissue- and time-dependent biological mechanisms of PRRSV infection through bioinformatics analysis using three tissues (lungs, bronchial lymph nodes [BLNs], and tonsils) via RNA-Seq. Three groups with specific expression patterns (i.e., the 3-dpi, lung, and BLN groups) were discovered. The 3 dpi-specific group showed antiviral and innate-immune signalling similar to the case for influenza A infection. Moreover, we observed adaptive immune responses in the lung-specific group based on various cytokines, while the BLN-specific group showed down-regulated AMPK signalling related to viral replication. Our study may provide comprehensive insights into PRRSV infection, as well as useful information for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeonghwi Lim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwook Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Sang Lim
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Animal Disease Intervention Center, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Haesu Gho
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hun Kim
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Tai Lee
- Animal Genomics and Bioinformatics Division, National Institute of Animal Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 54596, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jun-Mo Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Nazki S, Khatun A, Jeong CG, Mattoo SUS, Gu S, Lee SI, Kim SC, Park JH, Yang MS, Kim B, Park CK, Lee SM, Kim WI. Evaluation of local and systemic immune responses in pigs experimentally challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Res 2020; 51:66. [PMID: 32404209 PMCID: PMC7222343 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-020-00789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The host-associated defence system responsible for the clearance of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) from infected pigs is currently poorly understood. To better understand the dynamics of host–pathogen interactions, seventy-five of 100 pigs infected with PRRSV-JA142 and 25 control pigs were euthanized at 3, 10, 21, 28 and 35 days post-challenge (dpc). Blood, lung, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and bronchial lymph node (BLN) samples were collected to evaluate the cellular immune responses. The humoral responses were evaluated by measuring the levels of anti-PRRSV IgG and serum virus-neutralizing (SVN) antibodies. Consequently, the highest viral loads in the sera and lungs of the infected pigs were detected between 3 and 10 dpc, and these resulted in moderate to mild interstitial pneumonia, which resolved accompanied by the clearance of most of the virus by 28 dpc. At peak viremia, the frequencies of alveolar macrophages in infected pigs were significantly decreased, whereas the monocyte-derived DC/macrophage and conventional DC frequencies were increased, and these effects coincided with the early induction of local T-cell responses and the presence of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines in the lungs, BAL, and BLN as early as 10 dpc. Conversely, the systemic T-cell responses measured in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were delayed and significantly induced only after the peak viremic stage between 3 and 10 dpc. Taken together, our results suggest that activation of immune responses in the lung could be the key elements for restraining PRRSV through the early induction of T-cell responses at the sites of virus replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sameer Ul Salam Mattoo
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Suna Gu
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Sim-In Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyo Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Myoun-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Choi-Kyu Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sang-Myeong Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental & Biosource Science, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea.
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Jeong CG, Seo BJ, Nazki S, Jung BK, Khatun A, Yang MS, Kim SC, Noh SH, Shin JH, Kim B, Kim WI. Characterization of Clostridium novyi isolated from a sow in a sudden death case in Korea. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:127. [PMID: 32375805 PMCID: PMC7203850 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02349-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Multifocal spherical nonstaining cavities and gram-positive, rod-shaped, and endospore-forming bacteria were found in the liver of a sow that died suddenly. Clostridium novyi type B was identified and isolated from the sudden death case, and the isolate was characterized by molecular analyses and bioassays in the current study. Results C. novyi was isolated from the liver of a sow that died suddenly and was confirmed as C. novyi type B by differential PCR. The C. novyi isolate fermented glucose and maltose and demonstrated lecithinase activity, and the cell-free culture supernatant of the C. novyi isolate exhibited cytotoxicity toward Vero cells, demonstrating that the isolate produces toxins. In addition, whole-genome sequencing of the C. novyi isolate was performed, and the complete sequences of the chromosome (2.29 Mbp) and two plasmids (134 and 68 kbp) were identified for the first time. Based on genome annotation, 7 genes were identified as glycosyltransferases, which are known as alpha toxins; 23 genes were found to be related to sporulation; 12 genes were found to be related to germination; and 20 genes were found to be related to chemotaxis. Conclusion C. novyi type B was isolated from a sow in a sudden death case and confirmed by biochemical and molecular characterization. Various virulence-associated genes were identified for the first time based on whole-genome sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Joo Seo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Kwon Jung
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Myeon-Sik Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Noh
- MSD Animal Health Korea Ltd., Seoul, 04637, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk, 54596, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Kim YI, Song KB, Lee YJ, Park KM, Hwang DW, Lee JH, Shin SH, Kwon JW, Ro JS, Kim SC. Management of isolated recurrence after surgery for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Br J Surg 2019; 106:898-909. [PMID: 31162655 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.11144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recurrence of pancreatic cancer after primary pancreatectomy occurs in the vast majority of patients. The role of surgical treatment for recurrent pancreatic cancer is not well established. METHODS Patients who underwent primary pancreatectomy with curative intent from 2000 to 2014 at a single large-volume centre were evaluated retrospectively. CT or PET was used to select patients with an isolated recurrence. The clinicopathological features and survival outcomes were compared according to treatment modalities. RESULTS Of the 1610 patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent resection, 1346 (83·6 per cent) were diagnosed with recurrent pancreatic cancer. Recurrence was locoregional in 366 patients (27·2 per cent), distant multifocal in 251 (18·6 per cent), distant isolated in 188 (14·0 per cent), locoregional plus distant in 153 (11·4 per cent) and peritoneal seeding in 388 (28·8 per cent). Of the 1346 patients with recurrence, 197 (14·6 per cent) had isolated recurrence; of these, 48 (24·4 per cent of all isolated recurrences; 3·6 per cent of all recurrences) underwent resection. Median survival of the 197 patients after diagnosis of isolated recurrence was 14·7 months; it was longer in patients who underwent surgical resection than among those treated non-surgically (23·5 versus 12·0 months; P = 0·014). Multivariable analysis showed that chemotherapy and resection for recurrence were associated with better prognosis. Median survival after recurrence was longest in the 23 patients with isolated pulmonary recurrence (33·3 months). Survival after recurrence was better in patients who underwent resection of isolated recurrence in the remnant pancreas (median 28·0 versus 12·0 months, P = 0·010) and lung (median 36·5 versus 9·5 months; P = 0·010) than in those who did not undergo resection. CONCLUSION Surgical resection may be considered an option for treatment of patients with isolated recurrent pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y I Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K B Song
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-J Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-M Park
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D W Hwang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S H Shin
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Kwon
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J-S Ro
- Clinical Preventive Medicine Centre, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Bundang-gu, South Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Centre, Seoul, South Korea
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Garland SM, Pitisuttithum P, Ngan HYS, Cho CH, Lee CY, Chen CA, Yang YC, Chu TY, Twu NF, Samakoses R, Takeuchi Y, Cheung TH, Kim SC, Huang LM, Kim BG, Kim YT, Kim KH, Song YS, Lalwani S, Kang JH, Sakamoto M, Ryu HS, Bhatla N, Yoshikawa H, Ellison MC, Han SR, Moeller E, Murata S, Ritter M, Sawata M, Shields C, Walia A, Perez G, Luxembourg A. Efficacy, Immunogenicity, and Safety of a 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine: Subgroup Analysis of Participants From Asian Countries. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:95-108. [PMID: 29767739 PMCID: PMC5989602 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A 9-valent human papillomavirus-6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 (9vHPV) vaccine extends coverage to 5 next most common oncogenic types (31/33/45/52/58) in cervical cancer versus quadrivalent HPV (qHPV) vaccine. We describe efficacy, immunogenicity, and safety in Asian participants (India, Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand) from 2 international studies: a randomized, double-blinded, qHPV vaccine-controlled efficacy study (young women aged 16–26 years; NCT00543543; Study 001); and an immunogenicity study (girls and boys aged 9–15 years; NCT00943722; Study 002). Methods Participants (N = 2519) were vaccinated at day 1 and months 2 and 6. Gynecological samples (Study 001 only) and serum were collected for HPV DNA and antibody assessments, respectively. Injection-site and systemic adverse events (AEs) were monitored. Data were analyzed by country and vaccination group. Results 9vHPV vaccine prevented HPV-31/33/45/52/58–related persistent infection with 90.4%–100% efficacy across included countries. At month 7, ≥97.9% of participants seroconverted for each HPV type. Injection-site AEs occurred in 77.7%–83.1% and 81.9%–87.5% of qHPV and 9vHPV vaccine recipients in Study 001, respectively, and 62.4%–85.7% of girls/boys in Study 002; most were mild to moderate. Conclusions The 9vHPV vaccine is efficacious, immunogenic, and well tolerated in Asian participants. Data support 9vHPV vaccination programs in Asia. Clinical Trials Registration NCT00543543; NCT00943722.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Garland
- Western Pacific Regional HPV Labnet Reference Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, Royal Women's Hospital, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - H Y S Ngan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, the University of Hong Kong, China
| | - C-H Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - C-Y Lee
- Department of Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi Branch, Taipei
| | - C-A Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei
| | - Y C Yang
- MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei
| | - T-Y Chu
- Tzu Chi Medical Center, Hualien
| | - N-F Twu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - R Samakoses
- Department of Pediatrics, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - T H Cheung
- Department of Obstetric and Gynaecology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, School of Medicine Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - L-M Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - B-G Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-T Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asian Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - K-H Kim
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Vaccine Evaluation and Study, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y-S Song
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lalwani
- Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College and Hospital, Pune, India
| | - J-H Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, South Korea
| | - M Sakamoto
- Department of Gynaecology, Sasaki Foundation Kyoundo Hospital and Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, the Jikei University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H-S Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - N Bhatla
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H Yoshikawa
- Ibaraki Prefectural Central Hospital, Kasama, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - E Moeller
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - M Ritter
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | | | - C Shields
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - A Walia
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
| | - G Perez
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey
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Kim SC, Mathews DV, Breeden CP, Higginbotham LB, Ladowski J, Martens G, Stephenson A, Farris AB, Strobert EA, Jenkins J, Walters EM, Larsen CP, Tector M, Tector AJ, Adams AB. Long-term survival of pig-to-rhesus macaque renal xenografts is dependent on CD4 T cell depletion. Am J Transplant 2019; 19:2174-2185. [PMID: 30821922 PMCID: PMC6658347 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The shortage of available organs remains the greatest barrier to expanding access to transplant. Despite advances in genetic editing and immunosuppression, survival in experimental models of kidney xenotransplant has generally been limited to <100 days. We found that pretransplant selection of recipients with low titers of anti-pig antibodies significantly improved survival in a pig-to-rhesus macaque kidney transplant model (6 days vs median survival time 235 days). Immunosuppression included transient pan-T cell depletion and an anti-CD154-based maintenance regimen. Selective depletion of CD4+ T cells but not CD8+ T cells resulted in long-term survival (median survival time >400 days vs 6 days). These studies suggested that CD4+ T cells may have a more prominent role in xenograft rejection compared with CD8+ T cells. Although animals that received selective depletion of CD8+ T cells showed signs of early cellular rejection (marked CD4+ infiltrates), animals receiving selective CD4+ depletion exhibited normal biopsy results until late, when signs of chronic antibody rejection were present. In vitro study results suggested that rhesus CD4+ T cells required the presence of SLA class II to mount an effective proliferative response. The combination of low pretransplant anti-pig antibody and CD4 depletion resulted in consistent, long-term xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- SC Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - DV Mathews
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - CP Breeden
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - LB Higginbotham
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Ladowski
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - G Martens
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - A Stephenson
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - AB Farris
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - EA Strobert
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - J Jenkins
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - EM Walters
- National Swine Resource and Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - CP Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - M Tector
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - AJ Tector
- Comprehensive Transplant Institute, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - AB Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia,Yerkes National Primate Research Center, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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25
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Kim SC, Sun HY, Kim HS, Ryoo I. Long-Term Ultrasound Follow-Up of Incidentally Detected Thyroglossal Duct Cysts in Adults. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2018; 39:2356-2359. [PMID: 30467213 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a5882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE There has been no previous study that used ultrasonography for longitudinal changes of thyroglossal duct cysts, to our knowledge. We assessed the prevalence and interval changes in incidentally detected thyroglossal duct cysts in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS From January 2010 to December 2016, we identified 796 ultrasonography radiologic reports from 513 subjects that contained the words "thyroglossal" or "TGDC" among 54,369 participants. Of 513 subjects, 172 (M/F = 103:69, mean age, 53 ± 11 years) who underwent ≥2 sonography studies were enrolled. Two reviewers determined ultrasonography features, including maximal diameter, location, internal echogenicity, wall thickness, and the presence of posterior enhancement, internal septa, and solid components. RESULTS The mean follow-up time of total 172 lesions was 2.01 ± 1.13 years. Thyroglossal duct cysts ranged from 2 to 32 mm (mean, 8.77 ± 3.83 mm) on the initial ultrasonography examination. On follow-up ultrasonography studies, 14 lesions (8.2%) increased by >2 mm, while most thyroglossal duct cysts (133 lesions, 77.3%) remained stable in size. During the follow-up period, 31 lesions (18.0%) showed interval changes in ultrasonography features. There was no significant relationship between the presence of ultrasonography feature changes and size changes (P = .12). CONCLUSIONS On ultrasonography, 0.9% of adults had incidental thyroglossal duct cysts. Most did not increase in size with time despite changes in various ultrasonography features. Therefore, we recommend performing an observation at long intervals of 2-3 years for asymptomatic thyroglossal duct cysts, and we suggest that fine-needle aspiration can be suspended unless suspicious findings of malignancy are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (S.C.K., H.Y.S., H.S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H Y Sun
- From the Department of Radiology (S.C.K., H.Y.S., H.S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - H S Kim
- From the Department of Radiology (S.C.K., H.Y.S., H.S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - I Ryoo
- From the Department of Radiology (S.C.K., H.Y.S., H.S.K.), Seoul National University Hospital Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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26
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Kim SC, Nazki S, Kwon S, Juhng JH, Mun KH, Jeon DY, Jeong CG, Khatun A, Kang SJ, Kim WI. The prevalence and genetic characteristics of porcine circovirus type 2 and 3 in Korea. BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:294. [PMID: 30257676 PMCID: PMC6158811 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1614-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Porcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), threaten the pig industry worldwide. Five genotypes of PCV2 were recently identified: PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d and PCV2e. In addition, a novel porcine circovirus from a case of a sow with dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure has been identified based on metagenomic analysis and classified as porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3). Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV2 and PCV3 in clinical samples. RESULTS A total of 471 samples (161 tissue samples of lungs and lymph nodes from 34 farms and 310 serum samples from 47 farms) were tested for PCV2. Among them, 171 samples from 59 farms that had been positive for PCV2 were genotyped. Another 690 samples (296 tissue samples of lungs and lymph nodes from 91 farms, 108 samples of aborted foetuses from 26 farms, and 286 serum samples from 47 farms) were tested for PCV3. Based on PCV2 genotyping results, PCV2d was the most prevalent genotype (107 of 171 samples), and co-infections with combinations of PCV2a, 2b and 2d were identified in 48 samples from 17 farms. A total of 14 samples from 11 farms were also positive for both PCV2 and PCV3. For PCV3, 57 samples (9.8%) from 32 farms (23.2%) were positive. Among the 108 aborted foetuses from 26 farms, only 2 samples were positive for PCV3. Based on sequence comparisons, PCV2d shares 89.6-91.0% and 93.2-94.3% homology with PCV2a and PCV2b, respectively; 98.6-100% homology is shared among PCV2d strains. The PCV3 strains identified in this study share 98.0-99.5% homology. CONCLUSIONS Our study concludes that PCV2d has become the most predominant genotype in Korea. PCV3 was also identified in clinical samples, though no significant association with clinical symptoms was observed in PCV3-positive cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Chai Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Salik Nazki
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sam Kwon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jhung-Hyun Juhng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Hwan Mun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Jeon
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Amina Khatun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seog-Jin Kang
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 55365, South Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, 79 Gobong-ro, Iksan, 54596, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea.
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27
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Lee SB, Kim DH, Kim T, Lee SH, Jeong JH, Kim SC, Park YJ, Lim D, Kang C. Anion gap and base deficit are predictors of mortality in acute pesticide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:185-192. [PMID: 30001645 DOI: 10.1177/0960327118788146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Acute pesticide poisoning has long been a serious problem as a method of suicide worldwide. This poisoning is a highly fatal condition that requires a rapid and precise diagnosis for adequate treatment. However, various studies on mortality predictor factors have been insufficient for whole pesticide treatments. We hypothesized that the initial plasma anion gap (AG) and base deficit (BD) are reliable prognostic factors. METHODS: A retrospective study analyzed 561 patients with a diagnosis of acute pesticide poisoning between January 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017. The initial AG and BD values were divided into quartiles according to the number of patients. Survival at 30 days from admission was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn, and the areas under the curve for AG and BD for mortality were calculated. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (10.3%) of 561 patients died within 30 days. The highest AG quartile (>22 mEq/L) was associated with an increased risk of 30-day hospital mortality. Compared to patients with an AG less than 14.7 mEq/L, these patients had a 4.18-fold higher risk of 30-day hospital mortality and the highest BD quartile (>7.9 mEq/L) was associated with an increased risk of 30-day hospital mortality. Compared to patients with a BD less than 1.4 mEq/L, these patients had 2.23-fold higher risk of 30-day hospital mortality. The areas under the ROC for AG and BD curve were 0.699 and 0.744, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Initial high AG and BD values could predict mortality and require precise intensive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Lee
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jeong
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,3 Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y J Park
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,3 Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - D Lim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,3 Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kang
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Objectives Laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) of coated surfaces can overcome the limitations of conventional coating technologies. We compared the in vitro biological response with a titanium plasma spray (TPS)-coated titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) surface with that of a Ti6Al4V surface coated with titanium using direct metal fabrication (DMF) with 3D printing technologies. Methods The in vitro ability of human osteoblasts to adhere to TPS-coated Ti6Al4V was compared with DMF-coating. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the structure and morphology of the surfaces. Biological and morphological responses to human osteoblast cell lines were then examined by measuring cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, actin filaments, and RUNX2 gene expression. Results Morphological assessment of the cells after six hours of incubation using SEM showed that the TPS- and DMF-coated surfaces were largely covered with lamellipodia from the osteoblasts. Cell adhesion appeared similar in both groups. The differences in the rates of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activities were not statistically significant. Conclusions The DMF coating applied using metal 3D printing is similar to the TPS coating, which is the most common coating process used for bone ingrowth. The DMF method provided an acceptable surface structure and a viable biological surface. Moreover, this method is automatable and less complex than plasma spraying. Cite this article: T. Shin, D. Lim, Y. S. Kim, S. C. Kim, W. L. Jo, Y. W. Lim. The biological response to laser-aided direct metal-coated Titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V). Bone Joint Res 2018;7:357–361. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.75.BJR-2017-0222.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejoing University; Corentec, Central R&D Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - D Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sejoing University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - W L Jo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Y W Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, School of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Prost-Squarcioni C, Caux F, Schmidt E, Jonkman MF, Vassileva S, Kim SC, Iranzo P, Daneshpazhooh M, Terra J, Bauer J, Fairley J, Hall R, Hertl M, Lehman JS, Marinovic B, Patsatsi A, Zillikens D, Werth V, Woodley DT, Murrell DF. International Bullous Diseases Group: consensus on diagnostic criteria for epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:30-41. [PMID: 29165796 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a complex autoimmune bullous disease disease with variable clinical presentations and multiple possible diagnostic tests, making an international consensus on the diagnosis of EBA essential. OBJECTIVES To obtain an international consensus on the clinical and diagnostic criteria for EBA. METHODS The International Bullous Diseases Group (IBDG) met three times to discuss the clinical and diagnostic criteria for EBA. For the final voting exercise, 22 experts from 14 different countries voted on 50 different items. When > 30% disagreed with a proposal, a discussion was held and re-voting carried out. RESULTS In total, 48 of 50 proposals achieved consensus after discussion. This included nine diagnostic criteria, which are summarized in a flow chart. The IBDG was unable to determine one procedure that would be applicable worldwide. A limitation of the study is that differential diagnosis of bullous systemic lupus erythematosus has not been addressed. CONCLUSIONS This first international consensus conference established generally agreed-upon clinical and laboratory criteria defining the clinical classification of and diagnostic testing for EBA. Holding these voting exercises in person with the possibility of discussion prior to voting has advantages in reaching consensus over Delphi exercises with remote voting.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Prost-Squarcioni
- Department of Dermatology and Referral Center for Autoimmune Bullous Diseases, APHP, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France.,Department of Histology, UFR Léonard de Vinci, University Paris 13, Bobigny, France.,Department of Pathology, APHP, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - F Caux
- Department of Dermatology and Referral Center for Autoimmune Bullous Diseases, APHP, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - E Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - M F Jonkman
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Vassileva
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - S C Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - P Iranzo
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Daneshpazhooh
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - J Terra
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J Bauer
- Division of Molecular Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - J Fairley
- Department of Dermatology, University of Iowa and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, U.S.A
| | - R Hall
- Department of Dermatology, Duke Medical Center, Durham, NC, U.S.A
| | - M Hertl
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Marburg, Germany
| | - J S Lehman
- Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - B Marinovic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Center Zagreb, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - A Patsatsi
- Second University Dermatology Department, Aristotle University School of Medicine, Papageorgiou General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - D Zillikens
- Department of Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - V Werth
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, U.S.A
| | - D T Woodley
- Department of Dermatology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - D F Murrell
- Department of Dermatology at St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Ghassemi Nejad J, Sung KI, Lee BH, Peng JL, Kim JY, Chemere B, Oh SM, Kim MJ, Kim SC, Kim BW. 3 Comparison of hair cortisol levels and body temperature response prior to and post heat stress and water deprivation in Holstein dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Ghassemi Nejad
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - K I Sung
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B H Lee
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - J L Peng
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - J Y Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B Chemere
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S M Oh
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - M J Kim
- Institute of Animal Resources, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - S C Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
| | - B W Kim
- College of Animal Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, Republic of (South)
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Abstract
Poly(D,L-lactic-co-glycolic acid) has been extensively used as a controlled release carrier for drug delivery due to its good biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. In this study, porous PLGA microspheres were fabricated by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique using poly ethylene glycol (PEG) as an extractable porogen and loaded with protein (lysozyme) by suspending them in protein solution. For controlled release of protein, porous microspheres containing lysozyme were treated with water-miscible solvents in aqueous phase for production of pore-closed microspheres. The surface morphology of microspheres were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for confirmation of its porous microstructure structure. Protein property after release was observed by enzymatic activity assay. The pore-closing process resulted in nonporous microspheres which exhibited sustained release patterns over an extended period.
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Bermas BL, Kim SC, Huybrechts K, Mogun H, Hernandez-Diaz S, Bateman BT, Desai RJ. Trends in use of hydroxychloroquine during pregnancy in systemic lupus erythematosus patients from 2001 to 2015. Lupus 2018; 27:1012-1017. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317749046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B L Bermas
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Huybrechts
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Mogun
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Hernandez-Diaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B T Bateman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R J Desai
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Mathews DV, Wakwe WC, Kim SC, Lowe MC, Breeden C, Roberts ME, Farris AB, Strobert EA, Jenkins JB, Larsen CP, Ford ML, Townsend R, Adams AB. Belatacept-Resistant Rejection Is Associated With CD28 + Memory CD8 T Cells. Am J Transplant 2017; 17:2285-2299. [PMID: 28502128 PMCID: PMC5573634 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Recently, newer therapies have been designed to more specifically target rejection in an effort to improve efficacy and limit unwanted toxicity. Belatacept, a CD28-CD80/86 specific reagent, is associated with superior patient survival and graft function compared with traditional therapy, but its adoption as a mainstay immunosuppressive therapy has been tempered by increased rejection rates. It is essential that the underlying mechanisms associated with this rejection be elucidated before belatacept is more widely used. To that end, we designed a study in a nonhuman primate kidney transplant model where animals were treated with either a belatacept- or a tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen. Interestingly, we found that elevated pretransplant frequencies of CD28+ CD8+ TEMRA cells are associated with rejection on belatacept but not tacrolimus treatment. Further analysis showed that the CD28+ CD8+ TEMRA cells rapidly lose CD28 expression after transplant in those animals that go on to reject with the allograft infiltrate being predominantly CD28- . These data suggest that CD28+ memory T cells may be resistant to belatacept, capable of further differentiation including loss of CD28 expression while maintaining effector function. The unique signaling requirements of CD28+ memory T cells provide opportunities for the development of targeted therapies, which may synergize with belatacept to prevent costimulation-independent rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - WC Wakwe
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - SC Kim
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - MC Lowe
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - C Breeden
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - AB Farris
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - JB Jenkins
- Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - CP Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA,Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA
| | - ML Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA
| | | | - AB Adams
- Emory Transplant Center, Atlanta, GA,Yerkes National Primate Center, Atlanta, GA
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Kim SC, Choudhry N, Franklin JM, Bykov K, Eikermann M, Lii J, Fischer MA, Bateman BT. Patterns and predictors of persistent opioid use following hip or knee arthroplasty. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2017; 25:1399-1406. [PMID: 28433815 PMCID: PMC5565694 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between arthroplasty and long-term opioid use in patients with knee or hip osteoarthritis is not well studied. We examined the prevalence, patterns and predictors of persistent opioid use after hip or knee arthroplasty. METHOD Using claims data (2004-2013) from a US commercial health plan, we identified adults who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty and filled ≥1 opioid prescription within 30 days after the surgery. We defined persistent opioid users as patients who filled ≥1 opioid prescription every month during the 1-year postoperative period based on group-based trajectory models. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine preoperative predictors of persistent opioid use after surgery. RESULTS We identified 57,545 patients who underwent hip or knee arthroplasty. The mean ± SD age was 61.5 ± 7.8 years and 87.1% had any opioid use preoperatively. Overall, 7.6% persistently used opioids after the surgery. Among patients who used opioids in 80% of the time for ≥4 months preoperatively (n = 3023), 72.1% became persistent users. In multivariable analysis, knee arthroplasty vs hip, a longer hospitalization stay, discharge to a rehabilitation facility, preoperative opioid use (e.g., a longer duration and greater dosage and frequency), a higher comorbidity score, back pain, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, migraine and smoking, and benzodiazepine use at baseline were strong predictors for persistent opioid use (C-statistic = 0.917). CONCLUSION Over 7% of patients persistently used opioids in the year after hip or knee arthroplasty. Given the adverse health effects of persistent opioid use, strategies need to be developed to prevent persistent opioid use after this common surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - N Choudhry
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J M Franklin
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Bykov
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Eikermann
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Lii
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M A Fischer
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B T Bateman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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35
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Haliburton JR, Kim SC, Clark IC, Sperling RA, Weitz DA, Abate AR. Efficient extraction of oil from droplet microfluidic emulsions. Biomicrofluidics 2017; 11:034111. [PMID: 28611871 PMCID: PMC5438281 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidic techniques can perform large numbers of single molecule and cell reactions but often require controlled, periodic flow to merge, split, and sort droplets. Here, we describe a simple method to convert aperiodic flows into periodic ones. Using an oil extraction module, we efficiently remove oil from emulsions to readjust the droplet volume fraction, velocity, and packing, producing periodic flows. The extractor acts as a universal adaptor to connect microfluidic modules that do not operate under identical flow conditions, such as droplet generators, incubators, and merger devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S C Kim
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - I C Clark
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3), University of California, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - R A Sperling
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D A Weitz
- Department of Physics and School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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Lee SB, Kang C, Kim DH, Kim T, Lee SH, Jeong JH, Kim SC, Rhee DY, Lim D. Base deficit is a predictor of mortality in organophosphate insecticide poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2017; 37:118-124. [PMID: 29233034 DOI: 10.1177/0960327117694073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Organophosphate insecticide (OPI) self-poisoning is a major medical problem in many countries. Several studies have demonstrated that the base deficit (BD) is a prognostic tool that is correlated with the severity of injury and predicted mortality, particularly in trauma patients. Here, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of BD in OPI poisoning. METHODS This retrospective observational study was conducted between January 1, 2006, and January 31, 2015, at a single emergency department (ED). The BD values were divided into quartiles according to the number of patients: 3 mEq/L or less, 3-5.9 mEq/L, 6-9.9 mEq/L, and 10 mEq/L or greater. Survival at 30 days from ED admission was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. RESULTS Among 154 patients, 31 died, yielding a mortality of 20.1%. The highest BD quartile (≥ 10 mEq/L) and the 6-9.9 mEq/L group were associated with an increased risk of 30-day mortality. Patients with a BD of 10 mEq/L or greater had a 5.85-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality and patients with a BD of 6-9.9 mEq/L had a 5.40-fold higher risk of 30-day mortality compared to patients with a BD of 3 mEq/L or less. The area under the curves of the BD and the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score for mortality were 0.748 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.660-0.835) and 0.852 (95% CI, 0.789-0.915), respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study showed that the BD is a predictor of 30-day mortality in patients with OPI poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Lee
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - C Kang
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - D H Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kim
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Lee
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Jeong
- 1 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- 2 Gyeongsang Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea.,3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - D Y Rhee
- 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - D Lim
- 3 Department of Emergency Medicine, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju and Gyeongsang National University Changwon Hospital, Changwon, Republic of Korea
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Feldman CH, Liu J, Feldman S, Solomon DH, Kim SC. Risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer in women with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving immunosuppressive drugs. Lupus 2016; 26:682-689. [PMID: 27799438 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316672928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective Prior studies suggest an increased risk of cervical cancer among women with systemic lupus erythematosus. However, the relationship with immunosuppressive drugs is not well studied in US nationwide cohorts. We compared the risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer among women with systemic lupus erythematosus who started immunosuppressive drugs versus hydroxychloroquine. Methods We identified systemic lupus erythematosus patients initiating immunosuppressive drugs or hydroxychloroquine using claims data from two US commercial health plans and Medicaid (2000-2012). We used a validated claims-based algorithm to identify high-grade cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer. To account for potential confounders, including demographic factors, comorbidities, medication use, HPV vaccination status, and health care utilization, immunosuppressive drugs and hydroxychloroquine initiators were 1:1 matched on the propensity score. We used inverse variance-weighted, fixed effect models to pool hazard ratios from the propensity score-matched Medicaid and commercial cohorts. Results We included 2451 matched pairs of immunosuppressive drugs and hydroxychloroquine new users in the commercial cohort and 7690 matched pairs in Medicaid. In the commercial cohort, there were 14 cases of cervical dysplasia or cervical cancer among immunosuppressive drugs users and five cases among hydroxychloroquine users (hazard ratio 2.47, 95% CI 0.89-6.85, hydroxychloroquine = ref). In Medicaid, there were 46 cases among immunosuppressive drugs users and 29 cases in hydroxychloroquine users (hazard ratio 1.24, 95% CI 0.78-1.98, hydroxychloroquine = ref). The pooled hazard ratio of immunosuppressive drugs was 1.40 (95% CI 0.92-2.12). Conclusion Among women with systemic lupus erythematosus, immunosuppressive drugs may be associated with a greater, albeit not statistically significant, risk of high-grade cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer compared to patients receiving hydroxychloroquine alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Feldman
- 1 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Boston, USA
| | - J Liu
- 2 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Boston, USA
| | - S Feldman
- 3 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, Boston, USA
| | - D H Solomon
- 1 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Boston, USA.,2 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Boston, USA
| | - S C Kim
- 1 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Boston, USA.,2 Brigham and Women's Hospital, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Boston, USA
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Patorno E, Everett BM, Goldfine AB, Glynn RJ, Liu J, Gopalakrishnan C, Kim SC. Comparative cardiovascular safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists versus other antidiabetic drugs in routine care: a cohort study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18:755-65. [PMID: 27003762 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the comparative cardiovascular disease (CVD) safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) in head-to-head comparisons with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sulphonylureas or insulin, when added to metformin, as used in 'real-world' patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS Within a large US commercial health plan database linked to laboratory test results, we identified three pairwise 1 : 1 propensity-score-matched cohorts of patients with T2DM aged ≥18 years treated with metformin who initiated a GLP-1 RA or a comparator, i.e. DPP-4 inhibitor (n = 35 534), second-generation sulphonylureas (n = 28 138) or insulin (n = 47 068), between 2005 and 2013. We examined the association between drug initiation and a composite CVD endpoint, comprising hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke or coronary revascularization. RESULTS During the course of 1 year, there were 13.9 and 13.7 CVD events per 1000 person-years among propensity-score-matched initiators of GLP-1 RAs versus DPP-4 inhibitors [hazard ratio (HR) 1.02; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84-1.24]; and 12.1 versus 14.0 events among initiators of GLP-1 RAs versus sulphonylureas (HR 0.86; 95% CI 0.69-1.08). The effect estimates for GLP-1 RAs versus insulin were sensitive to the adjustment for glycated haemoglobin, after which the HR was 1.01 (95% CI 0.73-1.41). Results were robust across several sensitivity analyses, including an as-treated analysis considering up to 8.7 years of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS This large study, performing head-to-head comparisons of GLP-1 RAs with other antidiabetic agents in real-world patients, provides estimates of relative safety precise enough to exclude large differences in CVD risk and adds further understanding to results from recent clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Patorno
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B M Everett
- Divisions of Cardiovascular and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A B Goldfine
- Clinical Research, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R J Glynn
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Liu
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Kim SC, Lee KH, Choi HY, Noble J, Lee K, Jeon HJ. On-scene factors that predict severe injury of patients involved in frontal crashes of passenger cars. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 2016; 43:663-670. [PMID: 27469515 DOI: 10.1007/s00068-016-0714-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We sought to determine on-scene factors that predict severe injury to the occupants of passenger cars involved in frontal crashes. METHODS From January 2011 to December 2014, we collected data from patients who were taken to two emergency centres following a frontal motor vehicle crash. Binomial logistic regression was used to model the effects of occupant characteristics (sex, age, body mass index), vehicle damage (according to the collision deformation classification code), and safety devices on severe injuries (injury severity score >15). RESULTS Of 344 subjects, 75 (21.8 %) had severe injuries. Sex, seat belt status, extent of vertical crash, intrusion, and deformation extent (DE) were significantly different between severe and non-severe injuries. After adjusting for confounders, non-use of seat belt tripled the odds of severe injury [odds ratio (OR) 2.7, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.461-5.105]. DE ≥4 and intrusion increased the risk of severe injury (OR 2.4, 95 % CI 1.120-5.204 and OR 5.2, 95 % CI 2.525-10.780, respectively). A combination model to predict severe injury using intrusion, seat belt use, and DE ≥4 demonstrated 56.0 % sensitivity, 88.9 % specificity, and 58.4 % positive predictive value (AUC = 0.781, 95 % CI 0.734-0.824). CONCLUSIONS For passenger cars involved in a frontal crash, intrusion, unbelted status, and DE ≥4 are good predictors of severe injury. Sequential criteria using vehicle DE, seat belt use, and intrusion can be used by first responders to triage patients involved in a frontal collision.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine Chungju Hospital, 82 Gukwon-daero, Chungju, South Korea
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, 20 Ilsan-ro, Wonju, South Korea.
| | - H Y Choi
- Department of Mechanical System Design, Hongik University College of Engineering, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Noble
- Department of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien St, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - K Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University Kyeongju Hospital, 1090-1 Seokjang-dong, Gyeongju, South Korea
| | - H J Jeon
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine Chungju Hospital, 82 Gukwon-daero, Chungju, South Korea
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Ahn B, Schötz J, Okell WA, Süßmann F, Förg B, Kim SC, Kling MF, Kim D. Optimization of a nanotip on a surface for the ultrafast probing of propagating surface plasmons. Opt Express 2016; 24:92-101. [PMID: 26832240 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.000092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically analyze a method for characterizing propagating surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) on a thin gold film. The SPPs are excited by few-cycle near-infrared pulses using Kretschmann coupling, and a nanotip is used as a local field sensor. This geometry removes the influence of the incident excitation laser from the near fields, and enhances the plasmon electric field strength. Using finite-difference-time-domain studies we show that the geometry can be used to measure SPP waveforms as a function of propagation distance. The effects of the nanotip shape and material on the field enhancement and plasmonic response are discussed.
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Kim SC, Lee YJ, Jeong JE, Joo JK, Lee KS. Incarceration of gravid uterus by growing subserosal myoma: case report. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016; 43:131-133. [PMID: 27048035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Incarceration of gravid uterus is a rare condition, occurring in one in 3,000 to 10,000 pregnancies during second trimester. Incarceration of uterus can cause several complications, such as uterine rupture, labor dystocia, and uncontrollable postpartum hemorrhage. Early diagnosis is important to prevent these complications, but there are no standard treatments of incarceration of gravid uterus. The authors present a case report of incarceration of gravid uterus caused by growing subserosal myoma, which was treated with myomectomy during second trimester.
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Joo JK, Jeong JE, Kim SC, Kim CW, Ko GR, Lee KS. Comparison of mechanical artificial shrinkage methods in mouse blastocyst vitrification. CLIN EXP OBSTET GYN 2016; 43:93-97. [PMID: 27048025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATION This study was designed to determine which mechanical artificial shrinkage (AS) method, conducted by puncture, pipetting, or aspiration, was effective in increasing the re-expansion rate of mouse blastocysts. MATERIALS AND METHODS In each group, 30 mouse blastocysts were used. Before vitrification, the blastocoelic cavity was collapsed by puncture with a micro-needle, pipetting with a micro-glass pipette, and direct aspiration with an ICSI pipette. After thawing, the re-expansion rate of blastocysts was examined for each AS method. Re-expansion rate was checked at three, five, and seven hours after thawing. RESULTS The number of re-expanded mouse blastocysts at five hours after thawing was 12 in the puncture with a micro-needle group, 11 in the pipetting with a micro-glass pipette group, and 24 in the direct aspiration with an ICSI pipette group. The cumulative number of re-expanded mouse blastocysts at seven hours after thawing was 20 in the puncture with a micro-needle group, 20 in the pipetting with a micro-glass pipette group, and 28 in the direct aspiration with an ICSI pipette group. There were statistically significant differences in the cumulative number of re-expanded mouse blastocysts between five and seven hours after thawing (p = 0.001 and 0.021, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Direct aspiration with an ICSI pipette resulted in a higher re-expansion rate than the puncture and pipetting methods. It can be considered that the direct aspiration method is more convenient and simpler than the other two methods.
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Kim SC, Li HL, Park JH, Kim IH. Crumbled or mashed feed had no significant effect on the performance of lactating sows or their offspring. J Anim Sci Technol 2015; 57:45. [PMID: 26705478 PMCID: PMC4690338 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-015-0078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background Physical and chemical properties of feedstuffs can be changed by feed processing. Moreover, through various mechanisms, feed processing can affect growth performance and feed efficiency of swine, nutrition value of the feed. Weaning-to service-intervals (WSI), subsequent farrowing rates, and total-born litter sizes were determined by feed intake and metabolic state during lactation. Methods A total of 20 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 266.1 kg 4 d before farrowing were used to determine the effect of feed processing on the performance of lactating sows and their offspring. The following two dietary treatments were used: 1) Crumble diet (C); and 2) Mash diet (M). Ten replications were used for each treatment. Back fat thickness of sows was measured 6 cm off the midline at the 10th rib using a real-time ultrasound instrument at 4 d before farrowing, 1 d after farrowing, and during weaning. Sow BW were also checked at 4 d before farrowing, 1 d after farrowing, and during weaning. Fecal score of sows were assessed on d 14. Fecal score of piglets were observed on d 7, 15, and 24. Data were analyzed using t-test procedure of SAS (2014) with sow as experimental unit. Results No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the reproduction performance of sows between the two treatments. In addition, there was no significant (p > 0.05) difference in the growth performance of piglets between the two treatments. Fecal score of sows or piglets showed no significant (p > 0.05) difference either. Conclusions In conclusion, different feed processing (mash or crumble) did not make any significant difference on the performance of lactation sow or their piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714 South Korea
| | - H L Li
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714 South Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714 South Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan, Choongnam 330-714 South Korea
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Chang Y, Moon JY, Cho YJ, Lee SM, Jeon K, Kim SC, Kim YS, Chong YP, Kim YS, Hong SB. The current pathogens and treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia/ventilator-associated pneumonia in medical intensive care units. Intensive Care Med Exp 2015. [PMCID: PMC4798512 DOI: 10.1186/2197-425x-3-s1-a707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Najafzadeh M, Kim SC, Patterson C, Schneeweiss S, Katz JN, Brick GW, Ready JE, Polinski JM, Patorno E. Patients' perception about risks and benefits of antithrombotic treatment for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after orthopedic surgery: a qualitative study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:319. [PMID: 26503220 PMCID: PMC4624375 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0777-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The 9th edition of the American College of Chest Physicians’ Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis guidelines emphasize the importance of considering the risk–benefit ratio of “patient-important” outcomes. However, little is known about patients’ perception and understanding regarding the different outcomes of antithrombotic treatment after orthopedic surgery, and the factors that influence their decision to use these treatments. Using a series of semi-structured interviews, we explored patients’ understanding and perception concerning the benefits and risks of antithrombotic treatment for the prevention of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after joint replacement surgery. Methods A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with patients who had undergone knee or hip replacement surgery at a tertiary care hospital (Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA) in 2014. Discussions were recorded and transcribed. Two investigators independently coded and analyzed the data to identify important themes and concepts using the constant comparative method. Results Of 64 patients who were invited, 12 patients (19 %) completed the interviews. The majority of patients (92 %) were aware of the benefits of antithrombotic therapy for reducing the risk of blood clots, while less than half of them had a clear understanding of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. While all patients were aware of risk of minor bleeding, only 6 patients (50 %) considered the risk of major bleeding as a possible side effect of antithrombotic treatment. Overall, patients perceived bleeding as a less important outcome than a thrombotic event. The lack of awareness about the risk of major bleeding, the assumption that a short-term exposure would not meaningfully affect bleeding risk, and the assumption that bleeding is a controllable event influenced their perception. Most patients (83 %) stated that their decision to use antithrombotic medications was mainly based on the trust in their physician’s expertise. Conclusions Patients perceived thrombotic events as more important outcomes than bleeding events. Patients’ understanding of thrombotic and bleeding events varies and may play a key role in their preferences. The majority of patients stated that trust in their physician’s expertise had a large influence on their decision to use antithrombotic medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Najafzadeh
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S C Kim
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - C Patterson
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - S Schneeweiss
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - J N Katz
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA. .,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - G W Brick
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - J E Ready
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA.
| | - J M Polinski
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - E Patorno
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Kim SC, Yang SRE. Coulomb Impurity Problem of Graphene in Strong Coupling Regime in Magnetic Fields. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:8238-8242. [PMID: 26726495 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.11252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the Coulomb impurity problem of graphene in strong coupling limit in the presence of magnetic fields. When the strength of the Coulomb potential is sufficiently strong the electron of the lowest energy boundstate of the n = 0 Landau level may fall to the center of the potential. To prevent this spurious effect the Coulomb potential must be regularized. The scaling function for the inverse probability density of this state at the center of the impurity potential is computed in the strong coupling regime. The dependence of the computed scaling function on the regularization parameter changes significantly as the strong coupling regime is approached.
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Kim SC, Jeong YH, Yang SRE. Stability of Anomalous States of a Local Potential in Graphene. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:8263-8266. [PMID: 26726499 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.11251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Graphene Landau levels have discrete energies consisting zero energy chiral states and non-zero energy states with mixed chirality. Each Landau level splits into discrete energies when a localized potential is present. A simple scaling analysis suggests that a localized potential can act as a strong perturbation, and that it can be even more singular in graphene than in ordinary two-dimensional systems of massful electrons. Parabolic, Coulomb, and Gaussian potentials in graphene may have anomalous boundstates whose probability density has a sharp peak inside the potential and a broad peak of size magnetic length l outside the potential. The n = 0 Landau level with zero energy has only one anomalous state while the n = ±1 Landau levels with non-zero energy have two (integer quantum number n is related to the quantized Landau level energies). These anomalous states can provide a new magnetospectroscopic feature in impurity cyclotron resonances of graphene. In the present work we investigate quantitatively the conditions under which the anomalous states can exist. These results may provide a guide in searching for anomalous states experimentally.
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Kim J, Seo J, Kim W, Yun HM, Kim SC, Jang Y, Jang K, Kim K, Kim B, Park S, Park I, Kim MK, Seo KS, Kim HB, Kim IH, Seo S, Song M. Effects of Palm Kernel Expellers on Productive Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and White Blood Cells of Lactating Sows. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:1150-4. [PMID: 26104523 PMCID: PMC4478483 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and changes in white blood cells (WBC) of lactating sows. A total of 14 sows (200±12 kg of average body weight [BW]; 2.5 of average parity) were used and moved from gestation room to farrowing room on d 109 of gestation. Sows were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments in a completely randomized design. The treatments were a diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Sows were fed the treatments for 28 days (weaning) after farrowing. Blood was collected from each sow and 4 randomly selected piglets from each sow before farrowing or on d 3, 7, or 14 of lactation. Sows were fed respective treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 15 to 21 of lactation. Fecal samples were collected daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were performances and WBC changes of sows and litter, nutrient digestibility of sows, and daily diarrhea of litter. Sows fed PKE had greater average daily feed intake (7.38 vs 7.10 kg/d; p<0.05) and lost less BW (−6.85 vs −8.54 kg; p<0.05) and backfat depth (−0.42 vs −0.71 mm; p<0.05) than those fed CON. However, there were no differences on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy and weaning to estrus interval of sows fed either CON or PKE. Piglets from sows fed PKE gained more BW (203 vs 181 g/d; p = 0.08) and had less frequency of diarrhea (6.80 vs 8.56%; p = 0.07) than those from sows fed CON. On the other hand, no difference was found on preweaning mortality of piglets from sows fed either CON or PKE. Sows fed PKE had lower number of WBC (9.57 vs 11.82 ×103/μL; p = 0.09) before farrowing than those fed CON, but no difference on d 3 and 7. Similarly, piglets from sows fed PKE had also lower number of WBC (7.86 vs 9.80 ×103/μL; p<0.05) on d 14 of lactation than those from sows fed CON, but no difference on d 3 and 7. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to lactation diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and WBC changes of lactating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - J Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - H M Yun
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - Y Jang
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - K Jang
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - B Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - I Park
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - M K Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - K S Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - S Seo
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - M Song
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
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Seo J, Kim W, Kim J, Kim JK, Kim SC, Jang Y, Jang K, Kim K, Kim B, Park S, Park I, Kim MK, Seo KS, Kim HB, Kim IH, Seo S, Song M. Effects of Palm Kernel Expellers on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Blood Profiles of Weaned Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:987-92. [PMID: 26104403 PMCID: PMC4478508 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.14.0842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. A total of 88 weaned pigs (6.94±0.76 kg body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (sex as a block). The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 3-phase feeding program with declining diet complexity and with phases of 1, 2, and 3 wk, respectively. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen before weaning and on d 7 after weaning. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 29 to 35 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were growth performances, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy, white and red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, and incidence of diarrhea. The PKE increased average daily gain (ADG) (246 vs 215 g/d; p = 0.06) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (470 vs 343 g/d; p<0.05) and decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) (0.522 vs 0.628 g/g; p<0.05) during phase 2 compared with CON, but did not affect growth performance during phase 1 and 3. During overall experimental period, PKE increased ADG (383 vs 362 g/d; p = 0.05) and ADFI (549 vs 496 g/d; p<0.05) compared with CON, but did not affect G:F. However, no differences were found on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy between CON and PKE. The PKE reduced frequency of diarrhea (15% vs 25%; p = 0.08) for the first 2 wk after weaning compared with CON. Similarly, PKE decreased white blood cells (8.19 vs 9.56×10(3)/μL; p = 0.07), red blood cells (2.92 vs 3.25×10(6)/μL; p = 0.09), and packed cell volume (11.1% vs 12.6%; p = 0.06) on d 7 after weaning compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seo
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - Y Jang
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - K Jang
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - K Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - B Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - S Park
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - I Park
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - M K Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
| | - K S Seo
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 540-742, Korea
| | - H B Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 330-774, Korea
| | - S Seo
- Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - M Song
- Department of Animal Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Korea
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Upadhaya SD, Kim SC, Valientes RA, Kim IH. The Effect of Bacillus-based Feed Additive on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Gas Emission, and Pen Cleanup Characteristics of Growing-finishing Pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2015; 28:999-1005. [PMID: 26104405 PMCID: PMC4478510 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus-based feed additive was evaluated for its efficacy on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal gas emission, and the consumption of time and amount of water for cleaning the pen of growing finishing pigs. A total of 120 growing pigs (23.59±1.41 kg) were used in a 16-wk feeding trial. Pigs were randomly distributed into 1 of 2 treatments on the basis of body weight and sex. There were 12 replicate pens per treatment, with 5 pigs (3 barrows and 2 gilts) per pen. Dietary treatments were CON which was basal diet, and T1 which was CON+62.5 ppm microbial feed additive that provided 1.47×10(8) cfu of Bacillus organisms per gram of supplement. During the weeks 0 to 6, average daily gain (ADG) in T1 treatment was higher (p<0.05) than CON, but no improvement in average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed efficiency (G:F) was noted. During 6 to 16 weeks, no difference (p>0.05) was noted in growth performance. However, ADG was improved (p<0.05) and overall ADFI tended (p = 0.06) to improve in T1 compared with CON. At week 6, the co-efficient of apparent total tract digestibility (CATTD) of dry matter (DM) nitrogen (N) was increased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON. Fecal NH3 emission was decreased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON, at the end of 6th and 15th weeks. The time and water consumed for washing the pens were decreased (p<0.05) in T1 compared with CON. In conclusion, supplementation with Bacillus-based feed additive could improve the overall growth performances, increase the CATTD of DM and decrease the fecal NH3 content and the time and water consumed in washing the pens for growing-finishing pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Upadhaya
- DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc., Taguig city 1634, Philippines
| | - S C Kim
- DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc., Taguig city 1634, Philippines
| | - R A Valientes
- DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc., Taguig city 1634, Philippines
| | - I H Kim
- DSM Nutritional Products Philippines, Inc., Taguig city 1634, Philippines
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