1
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Bowles D, Chanel E, Chen W, Chiu PJ, Crawford C, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lejuez A, Li R, Mullan P, Pacura S, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Pignol G, Rebreyend D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne J, Vankeirsbilck J, Voigt J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond G, nEDM collaboration at PSI T. Achieving ultra-low and -uniform residual magnetic fields in a very large magnetically shielded room for fundamental physics experiments. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2024; 84:18. [PMID: 38205101 PMCID: PMC10774228 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
High-precision searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM) require stable and uniform magnetic field environments. We present the recent achievements of degaussing and equilibrating the magnetically shielded room (MSR) for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. We present the final degaussing configuration that will be used for n2EDM after numerous studies. The optimized procedure results in a residual magnetic field that has been reduced by a factor of two. The ultra-low field is achieved with the full magnetic-field-coil system, and a large vacuum vessel installed, both in the MSR. In the inner volume of ∼ 1.4 m 3 , the field is now more uniform and below 300 pT. In addition, the procedure is faster and dissipates less heat into the magnetic environment, which in turn, reduces its thermal relaxation time from 12 h down to 1.5 h .
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Bowles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - E. Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Chen
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V. Kletzl
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Lejuez
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R. Li
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Mullan
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Pacura
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S. Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - W. Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. P. Segarra
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N. Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Svirina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Vankeirsbilck
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - N. Ziehl
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - The nEDM collaboration at PSI
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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2
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Abel C, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chen W, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris P, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Mullan P, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Shelton T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne J, Virot R, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond G. A large 'Active Magnetic Shield' for a high-precision experiment: nEDM collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:1061. [PMID: 38021215 PMCID: PMC10661781 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Active Magnetic Shield (AMS), designed and implemented for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The experiment will perform a high-sensitivity search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron. Magnetic-field stability and control is of key importance for n2EDM. A large, cubic, 5 m side length, magnetically shielded room (MSR) provides a passive, quasi-static shielding-factor of about 10 5 for its inner sensitive volume. The AMS consists of a system of eight complex, feedback-controlled compensation coils constructed on an irregular grid spanned on a volume of less than 1000 m3 around the MSR. The AMS is designed to provide a stable and uniform magnetic-field environment around the MSR, while being reasonably compact. The system can compensate static and variable magnetic fields up to ± 50 μ T (homogeneous components) and ± 5 μ T/m (first-order gradients), suppressing them to a few μ T in the sub-Hertz frequency range. The presented design concept and implementation of the AMS fulfills the requirements of the n2EDM experiment and can be useful for other applications, where magnetically silent environments are important and spatial constraints inhibit simpler geometrical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - N. J. Ayres
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. Chen
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. -J. Chiu
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Present Address: University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Hochschule Luzern, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. Kletzl
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P. Mullan
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. P. Segarra
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Thorne
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - N. Ziehl
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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3
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Aguillard DP, Albahri T, Allspach D, Anisenkov A, Badgley K, Baeßler S, Bailey I, Bailey L, Baranov VA, Barlas-Yucel E, Barrett T, Barzi E, Bedeschi F, Berz M, Bhattacharya M, Binney HP, Bloom P, Bono J, Bottalico E, Bowcock T, Braun S, Bressler M, Cantatore G, Carey RM, Casey BCK, Cauz D, Chakraborty R, Chapelain A, Chappa S, Charity S, Chen C, Cheng M, Chislett R, Chu Z, Chupp TE, Claessens C, Convery ME, Corrodi S, Cotrozzi L, Crnkovic JD, Dabagov S, Debevec PT, Di Falco S, Di Sciascio G, Drendel B, Driutti A, Duginov VN, Eads M, Edmonds A, Esquivel J, Farooq M, Fatemi R, Ferrari C, Fertl M, Fienberg AT, Fioretti A, Flay D, Foster SB, Friedsam H, Froemming NS, Gabbanini C, Gaines I, Galati MD, Ganguly S, Garcia A, George J, Gibbons LK, Gioiosa A, Giovanetti KL, Girotti P, Gohn W, Goodenough L, Gorringe T, Grange J, Grant S, Gray F, Haciomeroglu S, Halewood-Leagas T, Hampai D, Han F, Hempstead J, Hertzog DW, Hesketh G, Hess E, Hibbert A, Hodge Z, Hong KW, Hong R, Hu T, Hu Y, Iacovacci M, Incagli M, Kammel P, Kargiantoulakis M, Karuza M, Kaspar J, Kawall D, Kelton L, Keshavarzi A, Kessler DS, Khaw KS, Khechadoorian Z, Khomutov NV, Kiburg B, Kiburg M, Kim O, Kinnaird N, Kraegeloh E, Krylov VA, Kuchinskiy NA, Labe KR, LaBounty J, Lancaster M, Lee S, Li B, Li D, Li L, Logashenko I, Lorente Campos A, Lu Z, Lucà A, Lukicov G, Lusiani A, Lyon AL, MacCoy B, Madrak R, Makino K, Mastroianni S, Miller JP, Miozzi S, Mitra B, Morgan JP, Morse WM, Mott J, Nath A, Ng JK, Nguyen H, Oksuzian Y, Omarov Z, Osofsky R, Park S, Pauletta G, Piacentino GM, Pilato RN, Pitts KT, Plaster B, Počanić D, Pohlman N, Polly CC, Price J, Quinn B, Qureshi MUH, Ramachandran S, Ramberg E, Reimann R, Roberts BL, Rubin DL, Santi L, Schlesier C, Schreckenberger A, Semertzidis YK, Shemyakin D, Sorbara M, Stöckinger D, Stapleton J, Still D, Stoughton C, Stratakis D, Swanson HE, Sweetmore G, Sweigart DA, Syphers MJ, Tarazona DA, Teubner T, Tewsley-Booth AE, Tishchenko V, Tran NH, Turner W, Valetov E, Vasilkova D, Venanzoni G, Volnykh VP, Walton T, Weisskopf A, Welty-Rieger L, Winter P, Wu Y, Yu B, Yucel M, Zeng Y, Zhang C. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.20 ppm. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:161802. [PMID: 37925710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a new measurement of the positive muon magnetic anomaly, a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2, from the Fermilab Muon g-2 Experiment using data collected in 2019 and 2020. We have analyzed more than 4 times the number of positrons from muon decay than in our previous result from 2018 data. The systematic error is reduced by more than a factor of 2 due to better running conditions, a more stable beam, and improved knowledge of the magnetic field weighted by the muon distribution, ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, and of the anomalous precession frequency corrected for beam dynamics effects, ω_{a}. From the ratio ω_{a}/ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, together with precisely determined external parameters, we determine a_{μ}=116 592 057(25)×10^{-11} (0.21 ppm). Combining this result with our previous result from the 2018 data, we obtain a_{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 055(24)×10^{-11} (0.20 ppm). The new experimental world average is a_{μ}(exp)=116 592 059(22)×10^{-11} (0.19 ppm), which represents a factor of 2 improvement in precision.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - T Albahri
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Allspach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Anisenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - K Badgley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Baeßler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - I Bailey
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - L Bailey
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - V A Baranov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - E Barlas-Yucel
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - T Barrett
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - E Barzi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - M Berz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - M Bhattacharya
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - H P Binney
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - P Bloom
- North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - J Bono
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Bottalico
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - T Bowcock
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Braun
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M Bressler
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - R M Carey
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B C K Casey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Cauz
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | | | | | - S Chappa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Charity
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - C Chen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - M Cheng
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - R Chislett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Z Chu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T E Chupp
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - C Claessens
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Corrodi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | | | - J D Crnkovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Dabagov
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - P T Debevec
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - B Drendel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - V N Duginov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - A Edmonds
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Esquivel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Farooq
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | | | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics and Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - A T Fienberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - D Flay
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S B Foster
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Friedsam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | - I Gaines
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - S Ganguly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Garcia
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J George
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - A Gioiosa
- Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - K L Giovanetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | | | - W Gohn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - L Goodenough
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - T Gorringe
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - J Grange
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - S Grant
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Gray
- Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - S Haciomeroglu
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - D Hampai
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Han
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - J Hempstead
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D W Hertzog
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Hesketh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Hess
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Hibbert
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Z Hodge
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K W Hong
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - R Hong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - T Hu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Y Hu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - P Kammel
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - M Karuza
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - J Kaspar
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Kelton
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Keshavarzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D S Kessler
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K S Khaw
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - N V Khomutov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - B Kiburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Kiburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - O Kim
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - N Kinnaird
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Kraegeloh
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V A Krylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | | | - K R Labe
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - J LaBounty
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - S Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - B Li
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - I Logashenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - Z Lu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Lukicov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - A L Lyon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - B MacCoy
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - K Makino
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - J P Miller
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Miozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - B Mitra
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - J P Morgan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - W M Morse
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - J Mott
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Nath
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - J K Ng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - H Nguyen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - Y Oksuzian
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Z Omarov
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - R Osofsky
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - R N Pilato
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K T Pitts
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B Plaster
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - D Počanić
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - N Pohlman
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - C C Polly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J Price
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Quinn
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M U H Qureshi
- Institute of Physics and Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - E Ramberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - R Reimann
- Institute of Physics and Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - B L Roberts
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D L Rubin
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - L Santi
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - C Schlesier
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Y K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - D Shemyakin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Sorbara
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D Stöckinger
- Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Stapleton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Still
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Stoughton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Stratakis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - H E Swanson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Sweetmore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - M J Syphers
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - D A Tarazona
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - T Teubner
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A E Tewsley-Booth
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V Tishchenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - N H Tran
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Valetov
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - D Vasilkova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - G Venanzoni
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V P Volnykh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - T Walton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Weisskopf
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - L Welty-Rieger
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - P Winter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - Y Wu
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - B Yu
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - M Yucel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - Y Zeng
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Zhang
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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4
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Ashtari Esfahani A, Böser S, Buzinsky N, Carmona-Benitez MC, Claessens C, de Viveiros L, Doe PJ, Fertl M, Formaggio JA, Gaison JK, Gladstone L, Grando M, Guigue M, Hartse J, Heeger KM, Huyan X, Johnston J, Jones AM, Kazkaz K, LaRoque BH, Li M, Lindman A, Machado E, Marsteller A, Matthé C, Mohiuddin R, Monreal B, Mueller R, Nikkel JA, Novitski E, Oblath NS, Peña JI, Pettus W, Reimann R, Robertson RGH, Rosa De Jesús D, Rybka G, Saldaña L, Schram M, Slocum PL, Stachurska J, Sun YH, Surukuchi PT, Tedeschi JR, Telles AB, Thomas F, Thomas M, Thorne LA, Thümmler T, Tvrznikova L, Van De Pontseele W, VanDevender BA, Weintroub J, Weiss TE, Wendler T, Young A, Zayas E, Ziegler A. Tritium Beta Spectrum Measurement and Neutrino Mass Limit from Cyclotron Radiation Emission Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:102502. [PMID: 37739382 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The absolute scale of the neutrino mass plays a critical role in physics at every scale, from the subatomic to the cosmological. Measurements of the tritium end-point spectrum have provided the most precise direct limit on the neutrino mass scale. In this Letter, we present advances by Project 8 to the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique culminating in the first frequency-based neutrino mass limit. With only a cm^{3}-scale physical detection volume, a limit of m_{β}<155 eV/c^{2} (152 eV/c^{2}) is extracted from the background-free measurement of the continuous tritium beta spectrum in a Bayesian (frequentist) analysis. Using ^{83m}Kr calibration data, a resolution of 1.66±0.19 eV (FWHM) is measured, the detector response model is validated, and the efficiency is characterized over the multi-keV tritium analysis window. These measurements establish the potential of CRES for a high-sensitivity next-generation direct neutrino mass experiment featuring low background and high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ashtari Esfahani
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - S Böser
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - N Buzinsky
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M C Carmona-Benitez
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - C Claessens
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - L de Viveiros
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - P J Doe
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Fertl
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J A Formaggio
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J K Gaison
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - L Gladstone
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - M Grando
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Guigue
- Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, 75005 Paris, France
| | - J Hartse
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K M Heeger
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - X Huyan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Johnston
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - K Kazkaz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - M Li
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Lindman
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - E Machado
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - A Marsteller
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - C Matthé
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Mohiuddin
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - B Monreal
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - R Mueller
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - J A Nikkel
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - E Novitski
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J I Peña
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Pettus
- Center for Exploration of Energy and Matter and Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Reimann
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Rosa De Jesús
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L Saldaña
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - M Schram
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - P L Slocum
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J Stachurska
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Y-H Sun
- Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - P T Surukuchi
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - J R Tedeschi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - A B Telles
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - F Thomas
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Thomas
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - L A Thorne
- Institute for Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T Thümmler
- Institute of Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - L Tvrznikova
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - W Van De Pontseele
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B A VanDevender
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99354, USA
| | - J Weintroub
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T E Weiss
- Wright Laboratory and Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - T Wendler
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - A Young
- Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - E Zayas
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Ziegler
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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5
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Byron W, Harrington H, Taylor RJ, DeGraw W, Buzinsky N, Dodson B, Fertl M, García A, Garvey G, Graner B, Guigue M, Hayen L, Huyan X, Khaw KS, Knutsen K, McClain D, Melconian D, Müller P, Novitski E, Oblath NS, Robertson RGH, Rybka G, Savard G, Smith E, Stancil DD, Sternberg M, Storm DW, Swanson HE, Tedeschi JR, VanDevender BA, Wietfeldt FE, Young AR, Zhu X. First Observation of Cyclotron Radiation from MeV-Scale e^{±} following Nuclear β Decay. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:082502. [PMID: 37683153 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.082502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
We present an apparatus for detection of cyclotron radiation yielding a frequency-based β^{±} kinetic energy determination in the 5 keV to 2.1 MeV range, characteristic of nuclear β decays. The cyclotron frequency of the radiating β particles in a magnetic field is used to determine the β energy precisely. Our work establishes the foundation to apply the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique, developed by the Project 8 Collaboration, far beyond the 18-keV tritium endpoint region. We report initial measurements of β^{-}'s from ^{6}He and β^{+}'s from ^{19}Ne decays to demonstrate the broadband response of our detection system and assess potential systematic uncertainties for β spectroscopy over the full (MeV) energy range. To our knowledge, this is the first direct observation of cyclotron radiation from individual highly relativistic β's in a waveguide. This work establishes the application of CRES to a variety of nuclei, opening its reach to searches for new physics beyond the TeV scale via precision β-decay measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Byron
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - H Harrington
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - R J Taylor
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- The Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W DeGraw
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N Buzinsky
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B Dodson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Fertl
- Institute for Physics, Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A García
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Garvey
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B Graner
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M Guigue
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - L Hayen
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- The Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - X Huyan
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - K S Khaw
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Knutsen
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D McClain
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - D Melconian
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - P Müller
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Novitski
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R G H Robertson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Savard
- Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - E Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D D Stancil
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - M Sternberg
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D W Storm
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - H E Swanson
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J R Tedeschi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - B A VanDevender
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - F E Wietfeldt
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
| | - A R Young
- Physics Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- The Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - X Zhu
- Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
- Center for Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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6
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Clement B, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fratangelo A, Fertl M, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rauscher G, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Staab M, Svirina K, Dinani RT, Thorne J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Publisher's Note: "The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 095105 (2022)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:119902. [PMID: 36461461 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Ban
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Bouillaud
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Clement
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Doorenbos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - G Rauscher
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Gruner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - D Rebreyend
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Staab
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Gruner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - K Svirina
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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7
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Clement B, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fratangelo A, Fertl M, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rauscher G, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Staab M, Svirina K, Dinani RT, Thorne J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:095105. [PMID: 36182526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the magnetically shielded room (MSR) for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute, which features an interior cubic volume with each side of length 2.92 m, thus providing an accessible space of 25 m3. The MSR has 87 openings of diameter up to 220 mm for operating the experimental apparatus inside and an intermediate space between the layers for housing sensitive signal processing electronics. The characterization measurements show a remanent magnetic field in the central 1 m3 below 100 pT and a field below 600 pT in the entire inner volume, up to 4 cm to the walls. The quasi-static shielding factor at 0.01 Hz measured with a sinusoidal 2 μT peak-to-peak signal is about 100 000 in all three spatial directions and increases rapidly with frequency to reach 108 above 1 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Bouillaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Doorenbos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - G Rauscher
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Grüner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Staab
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Grüner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - K Svirina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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8
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bienstman L, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chiu PJ, Clément B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Dechenaux B, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Flaux P, Goupillière D, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Meier M, Menu J, Mullins DA, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Ross KU, Rozpedzik D, Saenz W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Stapf T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Touati S, Thorne J, Virot R, Voigt J, Wursten E, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The design of the n2EDM experiment: nEDM Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:512. [PMID: 34720721 PMCID: PMC8550164 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a next-generation experiment, n2EDM, currently under construction at the ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) with the aim of carrying out a high-precision search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron. The project builds on experience gained with the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017, and is expected to deliver an order of magnitude better sensitivity with provision for further substantial improvements. An overview is of the experimental method and setup is given, the sensitivity requirements for the apparatus are derived, and its technical design is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - L. Bienstman
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Clément
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Dechenaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Flaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Goupillière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y. Lemière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Leredde
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Meier
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Menu
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. A. Mullins
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Quéméner
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Rebreyend
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - K. U. Ross
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B. Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Stapf
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Touati
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Thorne
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Wursten
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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9
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Abi B, Albahri T, Al-Kilani S, Allspach D, Alonzi LP, Anastasi A, Anisenkov A, Azfar F, Badgley K, Baeßler S, Bailey I, Baranov VA, Barlas-Yucel E, Barrett T, Barzi E, Basti A, Bedeschi F, Behnke A, Berz M, Bhattacharya M, Binney HP, Bjorkquist R, Bloom P, Bono J, Bottalico E, Bowcock T, Boyden D, Cantatore G, Carey RM, Carroll J, Casey BCK, Cauz D, Ceravolo S, Chakraborty R, Chang SP, Chapelain A, Chappa S, Charity S, Chislett R, Choi J, Chu Z, Chupp TE, Convery ME, Conway A, Corradi G, Corrodi S, Cotrozzi L, Crnkovic JD, Dabagov S, De Lurgio PM, Debevec PT, Di Falco S, Di Meo P, Di Sciascio G, Di Stefano R, Drendel B, Driutti A, Duginov VN, Eads M, Eggert N, Epps A, Esquivel J, Farooq M, Fatemi R, Ferrari C, Fertl M, Fiedler A, Fienberg AT, Fioretti A, Flay D, Foster SB, Friedsam H, Frlež E, Froemming NS, Fry J, Fu C, Gabbanini C, Galati MD, Ganguly S, Garcia A, Gastler DE, George J, Gibbons LK, Gioiosa A, Giovanetti KL, Girotti P, Gohn W, Gorringe T, Grange J, Grant S, Gray F, Haciomeroglu S, Hahn D, Halewood-Leagas T, Hampai D, Han F, Hazen E, Hempstead J, Henry S, Herrod AT, Hertzog DW, Hesketh G, Hibbert A, Hodge Z, Holzbauer JL, Hong KW, Hong R, Iacovacci M, Incagli M, Johnstone C, Johnstone JA, Kammel P, Kargiantoulakis M, Karuza M, Kaspar J, Kawall D, Kelton L, Keshavarzi A, Kessler D, Khaw KS, Khechadoorian Z, Khomutov NV, Kiburg B, Kiburg M, Kim O, Kim SC, Kim YI, King B, Kinnaird N, Korostelev M, Kourbanis I, Kraegeloh E, Krylov VA, Kuchibhotla A, Kuchinskiy NA, Labe KR, LaBounty J, Lancaster M, Lee MJ, Lee S, Leo S, Li B, Li D, Li L, Logashenko I, Lorente Campos A, Lucà A, Lukicov G, Luo G, Lusiani A, Lyon AL, MacCoy B, Madrak R, Makino K, Marignetti F, Mastroianni S, Maxfield S, McEvoy M, Merritt W, Mikhailichenko AA, Miller JP, Miozzi S, Morgan JP, Morse WM, Mott J, Motuk E, Nath A, Newton D, Nguyen H, Oberling M, Osofsky R, Ostiguy JF, Park S, Pauletta G, Piacentino GM, Pilato RN, Pitts KT, Plaster B, Počanić D, Pohlman N, Polly CC, Popovic M, Price J, Quinn B, Raha N, Ramachandran S, Ramberg E, Rider NT, Ritchie JL, Roberts BL, Rubin DL, Santi L, Sathyan D, Schellman H, Schlesier C, Schreckenberger A, Semertzidis YK, Shatunov YM, Shemyakin D, Shenk M, Sim D, Smith MW, Smith A, Soha AK, Sorbara M, Stöckinger D, Stapleton J, Still D, Stoughton C, Stratakis D, Strohman C, Stuttard T, Swanson HE, Sweetmore G, Sweigart DA, Syphers MJ, Tarazona DA, Teubner T, Tewsley-Booth AE, Thomson K, Tishchenko V, Tran NH, Turner W, Valetov E, Vasilkova D, Venanzoni G, Volnykh VP, Walton T, Warren M, Weisskopf A, Welty-Rieger L, Whitley M, Winter P, Wolski A, Wormald M, Wu W, Yoshikawa C. Measurement of the Positive Muon Anomalous Magnetic Moment to 0.46 ppm. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:141801. [PMID: 33891447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present the first results of the Fermilab National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) Muon g-2 Experiment for the positive muon magnetic anomaly a_{μ}≡(g_{μ}-2)/2. The anomaly is determined from the precision measurements of two angular frequencies. Intensity variation of high-energy positrons from muon decays directly encodes the difference frequency ω_{a} between the spin-precession and cyclotron frequencies for polarized muons in a magnetic storage ring. The storage ring magnetic field is measured using nuclear magnetic resonance probes calibrated in terms of the equivalent proton spin precession frequency ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'} in a spherical water sample at 34.7 °C. The ratio ω_{a}/ω[over ˜]_{p}^{'}, together with known fundamental constants, determines a_{μ}(FNAL)=116 592 040(54)×10^{-11} (0.46 ppm). The result is 3.3 standard deviations greater than the standard model prediction and is in excellent agreement with the previous Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) E821 measurement. After combination with previous measurements of both μ^{+} and μ^{-}, the new experimental average of a_{μ}(Exp)=116 592 061(41)×10^{-11} (0.35 ppm) increases the tension between experiment and theory to 4.2 standard deviations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Abi
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - T Albahri
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Al-Kilani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Allspach
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - L P Alonzi
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - A Anisenkov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - F Azfar
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - K Badgley
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Baeßler
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - I Bailey
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - V A Baranov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - E Barlas-Yucel
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - T Barrett
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - E Barzi
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Basti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - A Behnke
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - M Berz
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - H P Binney
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - P Bloom
- North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - J Bono
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Bottalico
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - T Bowcock
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Boyden
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - G Cantatore
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Università di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - R M Carey
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Carroll
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B C K Casey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Cauz
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - S Ceravolo
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - S P Chang
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - S Chappa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Charity
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - R Chislett
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Choi
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Z Chu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - T E Chupp
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - M E Convery
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Conway
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Corradi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - S Corrodi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - L Cotrozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J D Crnkovic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - S Dabagov
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | | | - P T Debevec
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - P Di Meo
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - R Di Stefano
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | - B Drendel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - A Driutti
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - V N Duginov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - M Eads
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - N Eggert
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - A Epps
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - J Esquivel
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Farooq
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - C Ferrari
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics and Cluster of Excellence PRISMA+, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Fiedler
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - A T Fienberg
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Fioretti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - D Flay
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S B Foster
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Friedsam
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Frlež
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - N S Froemming
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J Fry
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - C Fu
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C Gabbanini
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Ottica-Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Pisa, Italy
| | - M D Galati
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - S Ganguly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - A Garcia
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D E Gastler
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J George
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - A Gioiosa
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - K L Giovanetti
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
| | - P Girotti
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - W Gohn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - T Gorringe
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - J Grange
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - S Grant
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - F Gray
- Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - S Haciomeroglu
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - D Hahn
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - D Hampai
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati, Italy
| | - F Han
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - E Hazen
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J Hempstead
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - S Henry
- University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A T Herrod
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D W Hertzog
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Hesketh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Hibbert
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Z Hodge
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J L Holzbauer
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - K W Hong
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - R Hong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - M Iacovacci
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - C Johnstone
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J A Johnstone
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - P Kammel
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - M Karuza
- INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - J Kaspar
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - L Kelton
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - A Keshavarzi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - D Kessler
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K S Khaw
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - N V Khomutov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - B Kiburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Kiburg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- North Central College, Naperville, Illinois, USA
| | - O Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Kim
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Y I Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - B King
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Kinnaird
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - I Kourbanis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Kraegeloh
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - V A Krylov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - A Kuchibhotla
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - K R Labe
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - J LaBounty
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - M Lancaster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - M J Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - S Leo
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B Li
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - L Li
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - I Logashenko
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - A Lucà
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - G Lukicov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - G Luo
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - A Lusiani
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Pisa, Italy
| | - A L Lyon
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - B MacCoy
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - R Madrak
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - K Makino
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - F Marignetti
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale, Cassino, Italy
| | | | - S Maxfield
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M McEvoy
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - W Merritt
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | | | - J P Miller
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S Miozzi
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
| | - J P Morgan
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - W M Morse
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - J Mott
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - E Motuk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Nath
- INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
- Università di Napoli, Napoli, Italy
| | - D Newton
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - H Nguyen
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Oberling
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - R Osofsky
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - J-F Ostiguy
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - S Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - G Pauletta
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - G M Piacentino
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Università del Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - R N Pilato
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Università di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - K T Pitts
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - B Plaster
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - D Počanić
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - N Pohlman
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - C C Polly
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Popovic
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - J Price
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Quinn
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - N Raha
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - E Ramberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - N T Rider
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - J L Ritchie
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - B L Roberts
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D L Rubin
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - L Santi
- INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine, Italy
- Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - D Sathyan
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - H Schellman
- Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - C Schlesier
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - A Schreckenberger
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Y K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics (CAPP)/Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Y M Shatunov
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D Shemyakin
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - M Shenk
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - D Sim
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M W Smith
- INFN, Sezione di Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - A Smith
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A K Soha
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Sorbara
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy
- Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - D Stöckinger
- Institut für Kern-und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Stapleton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Still
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Stoughton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - D Stratakis
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - C Strohman
- Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - T Stuttard
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - H E Swanson
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - G Sweetmore
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - M J Syphers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
- Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, USA
| | - D A Tarazona
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - T Teubner
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - K Thomson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - V Tishchenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York, USA
| | - N H Tran
- Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - W Turner
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - E Valetov
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - D Vasilkova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - V P Volnykh
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
| | - T Walton
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Warren
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Weisskopf
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - L Welty-Rieger
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
| | - M Whitley
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - P Winter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois, USA
| | - A Wolski
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Wormald
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - W Wu
- University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi, USA
| | - C Yoshikawa
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois, USA
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10
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Abel C, Afach S, Ayres NJ, Baker CA, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Burghoff M, Chanel E, Chowdhuri Z, Chiu PJ, Clement B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Flaux P, Franke B, Fratangelo A, Geltenbort P, Green K, Griffith WC, van der Grinten M, Grujić ZD, Harris PG, Hayen L, Heil W, Henneck R, Hélaine V, Hild N, Hodge Z, Horras M, Iaydjiev P, Ivanov SN, Kasprzak M, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Knecht A, Knowles P, Koch HC, Koss PA, Komposch S, Kozela A, Kraft A, Krempel J, Kuźniak M, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Mtchedlishvili A, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pierre E, Pignol G, Plonka-Spehr C, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rogel G, Rozpedzik D, Schnabel A, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severijns N, Shiers D, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne JA, Virot R, Voigt J, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:081803. [PMID: 32167372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the result of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute using Ramsey's method of separated oscillating magnetic fields with ultracold neutrons. Our measurement stands in the long history of EDM experiments probing physics violating time-reversal invariance. The salient features of this experiment were the use of a ^{199}Hg comagnetometer and an array of optically pumped cesium vapor magnetometers to cancel and correct for magnetic-field changes. The statistical analysis was performed on blinded datasets by two separate groups, while the estimation of systematic effects profited from an unprecedented knowledge of the magnetic field. The measured value of the neutron EDM is d_{n}=(0.0±1.1_{stat}±0.2_{sys})×10^{-26} e.cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Afach
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N J Ayres
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C A Baker
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Burghoff
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Chowdhuri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, 40506 Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Ferraris-Bouchez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - M Fertl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Flaux
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - B Franke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Geltenbort
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Green
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M van der Grinten
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - L Hayen
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Heil
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Henneck
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Hélaine
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - N Hild
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Hodge
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Horras
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Iaydjiev
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S N Ivanov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Kasprzak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Kermaidic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - K Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Knecht
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Knowles
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H-C Koch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P A Koss
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Komposch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kozela
- Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Kraft
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kuźniak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Leredde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Mohanmurthy
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Musgrave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Pierre
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C Plonka-Spehr
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P N Prashanth
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Quéméner
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - G Rogel
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Shiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Thorne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Virot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Wyszynski
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zenner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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11
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Afach S, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Chowdhuri Z, Daum M, Fertl M, Franke B, Griffith WC, Grujić ZD, Harris PG, Heil W, Hélaine V, Kasprzak M, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Knowles P, Koch HC, Komposch S, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Mtchedlishvili A, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pendlebury JM, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Plonka-Spehr C, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severijns N, Thorne JA, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. Observation of Gravitationally Induced Vertical Striation of Polarized Ultracold Neutrons by Spin-Echo Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:162502. [PMID: 26550870 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.162502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We describe a spin-echo method for ultracold neutrons (UCNs) confined in a precession chamber and exposed to a |B0|=1 μT magnetic field. We have demonstrated that the analysis of UCN spin-echo resonance signals in combination with knowledge of the ambient magnetic field provides an excellent method by which to reconstruct the energy spectrum of a confined ensemble of neutrons. The method takes advantage of the relative dephasing of spins arising from a gravitationally induced striation of stored UCNs of different energies, and also permits an improved determination of the vertical magnetic-field gradient with an exceptional accuracy of 1.1 pT/cm. This novel combination of a well-known nuclear resonance method and gravitationally induced vertical striation is unique in the realm of nuclear and particle physics and should prove to be invaluable for the assessment of systematic effects in precision experiments such as searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron or the measurement of the neutron lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Afach
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - N J Ayres
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Z Chowdhuri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Franke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - W Heil
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Hélaine
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - M Kasprzak
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Kermaidic
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - K Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Knowles
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H-C Koch
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institut für Physik, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Komposch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kozela
- Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | | | - M Musgrave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - J M Pendlebury
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - F M Piegsa
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - C Plonka-Spehr
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P N Prashanth
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Quéméner
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex, France
| | - M Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Rebreyend
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - D Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S Roccia
- CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | | | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Thorne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - A Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Wyszynski
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zenner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institut für Kernchemie, Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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12
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Asner DM, Bradley RF, de Viveiros L, Doe PJ, Fernandes JL, Fertl M, Finn EC, Formaggio JA, Furse D, Jones AM, Kofron JN, LaRoque BH, Leber M, McBride EL, Miller ML, Mohanmurthy P, Monreal B, Oblath NS, Robertson RGH, Rosenberg LJ, Rybka G, Rysewyk D, Sternberg MG, Tedeschi JR, Thümmler T, VanDevender BA, Woods NL. Single-Electron Detection and Spectroscopy via Relativistic Cyclotron Radiation. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:162501. [PMID: 25955048 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.162501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
It has been understood since 1897 that accelerating charges must emit electromagnetic radiation. Although first derived in 1904, cyclotron radiation from a single electron orbiting in a magnetic field has never been observed directly. We demonstrate single-electron detection in a novel radio-frequency spectrometer. The relativistic shift in the cyclotron frequency permits a precise electron energy measurement. Precise beta electron spectroscopy from gaseous radiation sources is a key technique in modern efforts to measure the neutrino mass via the tritium decay end point, and this work demonstrates a fundamentally new approach to precision beta spectroscopy for future neutrino mass experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Asner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R F Bradley
- National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903, USA
| | - L de Viveiros
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - P J Doe
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J L Fernandes
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - M Fertl
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - E C Finn
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J A Formaggio
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Furse
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A M Jones
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - J N Kofron
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - B H LaRoque
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - M Leber
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - E L McBride
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M L Miller
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - P Mohanmurthy
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Monreal
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - N S Oblath
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R G H Robertson
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - L J Rosenberg
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - G Rybka
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Rysewyk
- Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M G Sternberg
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J R Tedeschi
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - T Thümmler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - B A VanDevender
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - N L Woods
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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13
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Baker C, Ban G, Bodek K, Burghoff M, Chowdhuri Z, Daum M, Fertl M, Franke B, Geltenbort P, Green K, van der Grinten M, Gutsmiedl E, Harris P, Henneck R, Iaydjiev P, Ivanov S, Khomutov N, Kasprzak M, Kirch K, Kistryn S, Knappe-Gr̈uneberg S, Knecht A, Knowles P, Kozela A, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemi‘ere Y, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pendlebury J, Pierre E, Piegsa F, Pignol G, Qúeḿener G, Roccia S, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Shiers D, Smith K, Schnabel A, Trahms L, Weis A, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. The search for the neutron electric dipole moment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2011.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Zimmer O, Baumann K, Fertl M, Franke B, Mironov S, Plonka C, Rich D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Wirth HF, van den Brandt B. Superfluid-helium converter for accumulation and extraction of ultracold neutrons. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:104801. [PMID: 17930393 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.104801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the first successful extraction of accumulated ultracold neutrons (UCN) from a converter of superfluid helium, in which they were produced by downscattering neutrons of a cold beam from the Munich research reactor. Windowless UCN extraction is performed in vertical direction through a mechanical cold valve. This prototype of a versatile UCN source is comprised of a novel cryostat designed to keep the source portable and to allow for rapid cooldown. We measured time constants for UCN storage and extraction into a detector at room temperature, with the converter held at various temperatures between 0.7 and 1.3 K. The UCN production rate inferred from the count rate of extracted UCN is close to the theoretical expectation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Zimmer
- Physik-Department E18, Technische Universität München, D-85748 Garching, Germany.
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