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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Bowles D, Chanel E, Chen W, Chiu PJ, Crawford C, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lejuez A, Li R, Mullan P, Pacura S, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Pignol G, Rebreyend D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne J, Vankeirsbilck J, Voigt J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond G, nEDM collaboration at PSI T. Achieving ultra-low and -uniform residual magnetic fields in a very large magnetically shielded room for fundamental physics experiments. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2024; 84:18. [PMID: 38205101 PMCID: PMC10774228 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
High-precision searches for an electric dipole moment of the neutron (nEDM) require stable and uniform magnetic field environments. We present the recent achievements of degaussing and equilibrating the magnetically shielded room (MSR) for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. We present the final degaussing configuration that will be used for n2EDM after numerous studies. The optimized procedure results in a residual magnetic field that has been reduced by a factor of two. The ultra-low field is achieved with the full magnetic-field-coil system, and a large vacuum vessel installed, both in the MSR. In the inner volume of ∼ 1.4 m 3 , the field is now more uniform and below 300 pT. In addition, the procedure is faster and dissipates less heat into the magnetic environment, which in turn, reduces its thermal relaxation time from 12 h down to 1.5 h .
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Bowles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - E. Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. Chen
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V. Kletzl
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Lejuez
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - R. Li
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - P. Mullan
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S. Pacura
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - S. Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - W. Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E. P. Segarra
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - N. Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - K. Svirina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Vankeirsbilck
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - N. Ziehl
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - The nEDM collaboration at PSI
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
- Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 USA
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- University of Zürich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, 11080 Serbia
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, 10587 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Abel C, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chen W, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris P, Kirch K, Kletzl V, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Mullan P, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Segarra EP, Severijns N, Shelton T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne J, Virot R, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Ziehl N, Zsigmond G. A large 'Active Magnetic Shield' for a high-precision experiment: nEDM collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2023; 83:1061. [PMID: 38021215 PMCID: PMC10661781 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-023-12225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel Active Magnetic Shield (AMS), designed and implemented for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. The experiment will perform a high-sensitivity search for the electric dipole moment of the neutron. Magnetic-field stability and control is of key importance for n2EDM. A large, cubic, 5 m side length, magnetically shielded room (MSR) provides a passive, quasi-static shielding-factor of about 10 5 for its inner sensitive volume. The AMS consists of a system of eight complex, feedback-controlled compensation coils constructed on an irregular grid spanned on a volume of less than 1000 m3 around the MSR. The AMS is designed to provide a stable and uniform magnetic-field environment around the MSR, while being reasonably compact. The system can compensate static and variable magnetic fields up to ± 50 μ T (homogeneous components) and ± 5 μ T/m (first-order gradients), suppressing them to a few μ T in the sub-Hertz frequency range. The presented design concept and implementation of the AMS fulfills the requirements of the n2EDM experiment and can be useful for other applications, where magnetically silent environments are important and spatial constraints inhibit simpler geometrical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - N. J. Ayres
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institut Laue Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. Chen
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. -J. Chiu
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Present Address: University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Hochschule Luzern, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - V. Kletzl
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P. Mullan
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. P. Segarra
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J. Thorne
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - N. Ziehl
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Clement B, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fratangelo A, Fertl M, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rauscher G, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Staab M, Svirina K, Dinani RT, Thorne J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Publisher's Note: "The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 095105 (2022)]. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:119902. [PMID: 36461461 DOI: 10.1063/5.0130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N J Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Ban
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Bouillaud
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Clement
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Doorenbos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zurich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - G Rauscher
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Gruner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - D Rebreyend
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Universite, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Staab
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Gruner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - K Svirina
- Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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4
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Clement B, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Fratangelo A, Fertl M, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rauscher G, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Saenz-Arevalo W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Staab M, Svirina K, Dinani RT, Thorne J, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The very large n2EDM magnetically shielded room with an exceptional performance for fundamental physics measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:095105. [PMID: 36182526 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present the magnetically shielded room (MSR) for the n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute, which features an interior cubic volume with each side of length 2.92 m, thus providing an accessible space of 25 m3. The MSR has 87 openings of diameter up to 220 mm for operating the experimental apparatus inside and an intermediate space between the layers for housing sensitive signal processing electronics. The characterization measurements show a remanent magnetic field in the central 1 m3 below 100 pT and a field below 600 pT in the entire inner volume, up to 4 cm to the walls. The quasi-static shielding factor at 0.01 Hz measured with a sinusoidal 2 μT peak-to-peak signal is about 100 000 in all three spatial directions and increases rapidly with frequency to reach 108 above 1 Hz.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Bouillaud
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - C B Doorenbos
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujic
- Institute of Physics, Photonics Center, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - K Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - G Rauscher
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Grüner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W Saenz-Arevalo
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestr. 2-12, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Staab
- VAC-Vacuumschmelze, Grüner Weg 37, 63450 Hanau, Germany
| | - K Svirina
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J Thorne
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - N Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA Site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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5
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bienstman L, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Bouillaud T, Chanel E, Chen J, Chiu PJ, Clément B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Dechenaux B, Doorenbos CB, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Fratangelo A, Flaux P, Goupillière D, Griffith WC, Grujic ZD, Harris PG, Kirch K, Koss PA, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Meier M, Menu J, Mullins DA, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Ross KU, Rozpedzik D, Saenz W, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Shen B, Stapf T, Svirina K, Tavakoli Dinani R, Touati S, Thorne J, Virot R, Voigt J, Wursten E, Yazdandoost N, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The design of the n2EDM experiment: nEDM Collaboration. Eur Phys J C Part Fields 2021; 81:512. [PMID: 34720721 PMCID: PMC8550164 DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-021-09298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present the design of a next-generation experiment, n2EDM, currently under construction at the ultracold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) with the aim of carrying out a high-precision search for an electric dipole moment of the neutron. The project builds on experience gained with the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017, and is expected to deliver an order of magnitude better sensitivity with provision for further substantial improvements. An overview is of the experimental method and setup is given, the sensitivity requirements for the apparatus are derived, and its technical design is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - L. Bienstman
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T. Bouillaud
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - E. Chanel
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - J. Chen
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Clément
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | | | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - B. Dechenaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - C. B. Doorenbos
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - M. Fertl
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - A. Fratangelo
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P. Flaux
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Goupillière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - W. C. Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - Z. D. Grujic
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QH UK
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - P. A. Koss
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: Fraunhofer Institute for Physical Measurement Techniques, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y. Lemière
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A. Leredde
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Meier
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Menu
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - D. A. Mullins
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - G. Quéméner
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Present Address: Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Rebreyend
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Roccia
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - K. U. Ross
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - W. Saenz
- Normandie Univ, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, 14000 Caen, France
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - N. Severijns
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - B. Shen
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - T. Stapf
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Svirina
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - R. Tavakoli Dinani
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S. Touati
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Thorne
- Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R. Virot
- LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - J. Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Wursten
- Institute for Nuclear and Radiation Physics, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - N. Yazdandoost
- Department of Chemistry-TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J. Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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6
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Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Crawford CB, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Flaux P, Grujić Z, Harris PG, Hild N, Hommet J, Kasprzak M, Kermaïdic Y, Kirch K, Komposch S, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemiere Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Mtchedlishvili A, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Virot R, Weis A, Wursten E, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Data blinding for the nEDM experiment at PSI. Eur Phys J A Hadron Nucl 2021; 57:152. [PMID: 34776778 PMCID: PMC8550649 DOI: 10.1140/epja/s10050-021-00456-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Psychological bias towards, or away from, prior measurements or theory predictions is an intrinsic threat to any data analysis. While various methods can be used to try to avoid such a bias, e.g. actively avoiding looking at the result, only data blinding is a traceable and trustworthy method that can circumvent the bias and convince a public audience that there is not even an accidental psychological bias. Data blinding is nowadays a standard practice in particle physics, but it is particularly difficult for experiments searching for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM), as several cross measurements, in particular of the magnetic field, create a self-consistent network into which it is hard to inject a false signal. We present an algorithm that modifies the data without influencing the experiment. Results of an automated analysis of the data are used to change the recorded spin state of a few neutrons within each measurement cycle. The flexible algorithm may be applied twice (or more) to the data, thus providing the option of sequentially applying various blinding offsets for separate analysis steps with independent teams. The subtle manner in which the data are modified allows one subsequently to adjust the algorithm and to produce a re-blinded data set without revealing the initial blinding offset. The method was designed for the 2015/2016 measurement campaign of the nEDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. However, it can be re-used with minor modification for the follow-up experiment n2EDM, and may be suitable for comparable projects elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. J. Ayres
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton UK
| | - G. Ban
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - G. Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - K. Bodek
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - V. Bondar
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - E. Chanel
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - P.-J. Chiu
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - C. B. Crawford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - M. Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Emmenegger
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - P. Flaux
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - Z. Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
- Present Address: Institute of Physics Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P. G. Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton UK
| | - N. Hild
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - J. Hommet
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - M. Kasprzak
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y. Kermaïdic
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - K. Kirch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - S. Komposch
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - A. Kozela
- H. Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - J. Krempel
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B. Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - T. Lefort
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - Y. Lemiere
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - A. Leredde
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - P. Mohanmurthy
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - O. Naviliat-Cuncic
- Normandie Université, ENSICAEN, UNICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen, Caen, France
| | - D. Pais
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - F. M. Piegsa
- University of Bern, Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, Laboratory for High Energy Physics, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G. Pignol
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - M. Rawlik
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D. Rebreyend
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - I. Rienäcker
- Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - D. Ries
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - S. Roccia
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
| | - D. Rozpedzik
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - A. Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | - R. Virot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - A. Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E. Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Present Address: CERN, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - J. Zejma
- M. Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Kraków, Poland
| | - G. Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland
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7
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Abel C, Afach S, Ayres NJ, Baker CA, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Burghoff M, Chanel E, Chowdhuri Z, Chiu PJ, Clement B, Crawford CB, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Fertl M, Flaux P, Franke B, Fratangelo A, Geltenbort P, Green K, Griffith WC, van der Grinten M, Grujić ZD, Harris PG, Hayen L, Heil W, Henneck R, Hélaine V, Hild N, Hodge Z, Horras M, Iaydjiev P, Ivanov SN, Kasprzak M, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Knecht A, Knowles P, Koch HC, Koss PA, Komposch S, Kozela A, Kraft A, Krempel J, Kuźniak M, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Mtchedlishvili A, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa FM, Pierre E, Pignol G, Plonka-Spehr C, Prashanth PN, Quéméner G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Rienäcker I, Ries D, Roccia S, Rogel G, Rozpedzik D, Schnabel A, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Severijns N, Shiers D, Tavakoli Dinani R, Thorne JA, Virot R, Voigt J, Weis A, Wursten E, Wyszynski G, Zejma J, Zenner J, Zsigmond G. Measurement of the Permanent Electric Dipole Moment of the Neutron. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:081803. [PMID: 32167372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present the result of an experiment to measure the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron at the Paul Scherrer Institute using Ramsey's method of separated oscillating magnetic fields with ultracold neutrons. Our measurement stands in the long history of EDM experiments probing physics violating time-reversal invariance. The salient features of this experiment were the use of a ^{199}Hg comagnetometer and an array of optically pumped cesium vapor magnetometers to cancel and correct for magnetic-field changes. The statistical analysis was performed on blinded datasets by two separate groups, while the estimation of systematic effects profited from an unprecedented knowledge of the magnetic field. The measured value of the neutron EDM is d_{n}=(0.0±1.1_{stat}±0.2_{sys})×10^{-26} e.cm.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Abel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Afach
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - N J Ayres
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C A Baker
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - G Ban
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Bison
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - K Bodek
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - V Bondar
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Burghoff
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Chanel
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Z Chowdhuri
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P-J Chiu
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Clement
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C B Crawford
- University of Kentucky, 40506 Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - M Daum
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - S Emmenegger
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - L Ferraris-Bouchez
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - M Fertl
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P Flaux
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - B Franke
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Fratangelo
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - P Geltenbort
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - K Green
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - W C Griffith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - M van der Grinten
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Z D Grujić
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - P G Harris
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - L Hayen
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - W Heil
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - R Henneck
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - V Hélaine
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - N Hild
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Z Hodge
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Horras
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Iaydjiev
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - S N Ivanov
- STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Kasprzak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Y Kermaidic
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - K Kirch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Knecht
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - P Knowles
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - H-C Koch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - P A Koss
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - S Komposch
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - A Kozela
- Henryk Niedwodniczanski Institute for Nuclear Physics, 31-342 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Kraft
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Krempel
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Kuźniak
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - B Lauss
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - T Lefort
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - Y Lemière
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - A Leredde
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - P Mohanmurthy
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - M Musgrave
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - O Naviliat-Cuncic
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Pais
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F M Piegsa
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - E Pierre
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - G Pignol
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - C Plonka-Spehr
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - P N Prashanth
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Quéméner
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - M Rawlik
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Rebreyend
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - I Rienäcker
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - D Ries
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Roccia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, CS 20156 F-38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
- CSNSM, Université Paris Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - G Rogel
- LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14000 Caen, France
| | - D Rozpedzik
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - A Schnabel
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - N Severijns
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - D Shiers
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - R Tavakoli Dinani
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - J A Thorne
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- Laboratory for High Energy Physics and Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Virot
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 38026 Grenoble, France
| | - J Voigt
- Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Weis
- Physics Department, University of Fribourg, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - E Wursten
- Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - G Wyszynski
- ETH Zürich, Institute for Particle Physics and Astrophysics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zejma
- Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, 30-348 Cracow, Poland
| | - J Zenner
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Chemistry - TRIGA site, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - G Zsigmond
- Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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8
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Abel C, Ayres N, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Flaux P, Griffith W, Harris P, Hild N, Kermaidic Y, Kirch K, Koss P, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemiere Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Musgrave M, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa F, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Thorne J, Virot R, Voigt J, Weis A, Wursten E, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. nEDM experiment at PSI: Data-taking strategy and sensitivity of the dataset. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921902001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on the strategy used to optimize the sensitivity of our search for a neutron electric dipole moment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. Measurements were made upon ultracold neutrons stored within a single chamber at the heart of our apparatus. A mercury cohabiting magnetometer together with an array of cesium magnetometers were used to monitor the magnetic field, which was controlled and shaped by a series of precision field coils. In addition to details of the setup itself, we describe the chosen path to realize an appropriate balance between achieving the highest statistical sensitivity alongside the necessary control on systematic effects. The resulting irreducible sensitivity is better than 1 × 10−26e cm. This contribution summarizes in a single coherent picture the results of the most recent publications of the collaboration.
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9
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Abel C, Ayres N, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Chiu PJ, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Flaux P, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Griffith W, Grujić Z, Hild N, Kirch K, Koss P, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa F, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Ries D, Roccia S, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Thorne J, Virot R, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. Statistical sensitivity of the nEDM apparatus at PSI to n − n′ oscillations. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921907001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The neutron and its hypothetical mirror counterpart, a sterile state degenerate in mass, could spontaneously mix in a process much faster than the neutron β-decay. Two groups have performed a series of experiments in search of neutron – mirror-neutron (n − n′) oscillations. They reported no evidence, thereby setting stringent limits on the oscillation time τnn′. Later, these data sets have been further analyzed by Berezhiani et al.(2009–2017), and signals, compatible with n − n′ oscillations in the presence of mirror magnetic fields, have been reported. The Neutron Electric Dipole Moment Collaboration based at the Paul Scherrer Institute performed a new series of experiments to further test these signals. In this paper, we describe and motivate our choice of run configurations with an optimal filling time of 29 s, storage times of 180 s and 380 s, and applied magnetic fields of 10 μT and 20 μT. The choice of these run configurations ensures a reliable overlap in settings with the previous efforts and also improves the sensitivity to test the signals. We also elaborate on the technique of normalizing the neutron counts, making such a counting experiment at the ultra-cold neutron source at the Paul Scherrer Institute possible. Furthermore, the magnetic field characterization to meet the requirements of this n − n′ oscillation search is demonstrated. Finally, we show that this effort has a statistical sensitivity to n − n′ oscillations comparable to the current leading constraints for B′ = 0.
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10
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Abel C, Ayres NJ, Ban G, Bison G, Bodek K, Bondar V, Chanel E, Chiu PJ, Clement B, Crawford C, Daum M, Emmenegger S, Flaux P, Ferraris-Bouchez L, Griffith W, Grujić Z, Harris P, Heil W, Hild N, Kirch K, Koss P, Kozela A, Krempel J, Lauss B, Lefort T, Lemière Y, Leredde A, Mohanmurthy P, Naviliat-Cuncic O, Pais D, Piegsa F, Pignol G, Rawlik M, Rebreyend D, Ries D, Roccia S, Ross K, Rozpedzik D, Schmidt-Wellenburg P, Schnabel A, Severijns N, Thorne J, Virot R, Voigt J, Weis A, Wursten E, Zejma J, Zsigmond G. The n2EDM experiment at the Paul Scherrer Institute. EPJ Web Conf 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201921902002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present the new spectrometer for the neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) search at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), called n2EDM. The setup is at room temperature in vacuum using ultracold neutrons. n2EDM features a large UCN double storage chamber design with neutron transport adapted to the PSI UCN source. The design builds on experience gained from the previous apparatus operated at PSI until 2017. An order of magnitude increase in sensitivity is calculated for the new baseline setup based on scalable results from the previous apparatus, and the UCN source performance achieved in 2016.
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11
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Alexandre-Pires G, Pais D, Correia M, Pina JAE. Leishmaniosis--a report about the microvascular and cellular architecture of the infected spleen in Canis familiaris. Microsc Res Tech 2006; 69:227-35. [PMID: 16586484 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniosis is an anthropozoonosis caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite that causes a wide spectrum of diseases in humans and dogs worldwide. In the Mediterranean basin, Portugal, Central and South America, and in the Middle East, visceral leishmaniosis is caused by Leishmania infantum. In these areas, dogs are believed to be the natural reservoirs of this parasite. In the case of visceral leishmaniosis, the spleen is one of the several hematopoietic and immunocompetent organs involved. Since this viscera is a blood filter, the authors investigated the expression of the morphological and microvascular environment and modifications of the spleen cell population related to immunological responses to this parasitic condition. The tools used to perform this study were scanning electronic microscopy of intact tissue and corrosion casts, transmission electronic microscopy, histology and immunohistochemistry. The results reveal three important modifications concerning the spleen's microvascular architecture when compared with its normal pattern, independently of the serological titer obtained with indirect immunofluorescence. (1) A marked scarcity of the sinusoidal system sheet that surrounds the central artery/arteriole of the white pulp; (2) A huge development of pulp venules and veins; (3) The presence of a surprising development of reticular fibers. The authors postulate that independent of the virulence of the parasite involved and the type of immunity prevalent in a particular host, the spleen develops blood dynamic conditions that permit reduction in the speed of blood flow so that cells involved in immunological processes can proliferate and differentiate, and also contributes to trapping lymphocytes within the area through the differentiation of characteristics that resemble those of HEV endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alexandre-Pires
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (Anatomy), Rua Prof. Cid dos Santos, 1300-477 Lisbon, Portugal.
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12
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Alexandre-Pires G, Gilot T, Pais D, Correia M, Esperanca Pina JA. Leishmaniasis in Canis familiaris - a Report About Microvascular and Cellular Architecture of the Infected Spleen. Anat Histol Embryol 2005. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2005.00669_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Abstract
Although the arterial supply of the human testis via the testicular artery is a well-studied subject, the pattern of approach that this vessel takes when reaching the gland is, on the other hand, not as well described. Based on the observation of angiological preparations of 196 adult human testes, the authors describe the presence of transmediastinal testicular vessels in one fourth of the cases. These were of two varieties, as regards the testicular mediastinum: centrifugal and centripetal. The centrifugal vessels were briefly mentioned in the nineteenth century scientific literature, undescribed in twentieth century anatomical studies and only recently referred to in color Doppler ultrasonographic studies; the centripetal vessels are previously undescribed. The authors propose the terms transmediastinal centrifugal and centripetal arteries to designate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pais
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medical Sciences Lisbon, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
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14
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Alexandre-Pires G, Pais D, Esperança Pina JA. Intermediary spleen microvasculature in canis familiaris- morphological evidences of a closed and open type. Anat Histol Embryol 2003; 32:263-70. [PMID: 12969025 DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0264.2003.00469.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have been made regarding circulation via the red pulp of the spleen, and intense controversy surrounds the question as to whether or not endothelial continuity exists between arterial and venous vessels. Aware of this intense controversy, and in order to perform investigation over the spleen of dogs infected with a parasitic disease (future reports shall be done), the authors studied the vascularization of the normal dog spleen in order to define its normal pattern and evaluate the eventual changes of the circulation pattern under the parasitic condition. These studies led us to report, unequivocally, using complementary vascular replective techniques, that the normal dog's intermediary circulation is morphologically closed and of the open kind also. These findings are contrary to the thesis that defends the existence of a physiologically closed and morphologically open circulation in the dog spleen. Lymphatic vessels in the spleen of the dog are also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alexandre-Pires
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária - Anatomia - DEMOC - CIISA, Lisboa, Portugal.
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15
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Pais D, Esperança-Pina JA. Microvasculature of the corpus epididymis of canis familiaris. A scanning electron microscopic study of microvascular corrosion casts. Ital J Anat Embryol 2002; 106:205-13. [PMID: 11732578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
The microvasculature of the corpus epididymis of adult domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) was studied using the technique of scanning electron microscopy of microvascular corrosion casts. The vascularization of the dog's corpus epididymis is accomplished by small arteries that course in the upper border of the organ. From these vessels arise first order arterioles (200-101 microm) which cross the surface of the epididymis and often show some coiling. The latter vessels supply second order arterioles (100-31 microm) which vascularize segments of the epididymal duct. The coiled and tight course of this duct is responsible for its peculiar microvascular arrangement. This is characterized by a 'bicycle-wheel' pattern and it is provided with precapillary or terminal arterioles (30-11 microm) nourishing a rich periductal network, mostly formed by anastomosing capillaries (10-3 microm). The periductal capillary network drains into postcapillary (11-30 microm), second order (31-100 microm) and first order (101-200 microm) venules, which empty into small calibre veins that course in the upper border of the epididymis. Anastomoses between vessels of the same type are often found. These are arteriovenous anastomoses mainly located at the periductal network. This study demonstrates that the epididymal microvasculature can be subdivided into a distribution microvascular network (DMN), formed by first and second order arterioles and venules, which presents a behaviour independent of the epididymal duct's sinuosities and a nutrition microvascular network (NMN), formed by precapillary arterioles, capillaries and post-capillary venules, characterised by the close relationship of the vessels with the loops of the epididymal duct.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pais
- Departamento de Anatomia--Faculdade de Ciências Medica Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal.
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16
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Gomes JA, Sá J, Pais D, Tavares F. [Cor pulmonale caused by neoplasm cell embolism]. ACTA MEDICA PORT 1993; 6:327-30. [PMID: 8379352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a case of Cor Pulmonale due to Tumor Cell Embolization in a 42-year-old woman with no history of antecedent malignant disease. The primary tumor was a Choriocarcinoma which could not be found in postmortem examination. The pathophysiology, clinical manifestations and diagnostic evaluation of this entity are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Gomes
- Unidade de Urgência Médica, Hospital de São José, Lisboa
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17
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Bommelaer G, Rouch M, Dapoigny M, Pais D, Loisy P, Gualino M, Tournut R. [Epidemiology of intestinal functional disorders in an apparently healthy population]. Gastroenterol Clin Biol 1986; 10:7-12. [PMID: 3956914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics and the prevalence of functional bowel disorders in the general French population are unknown. Based on an epidemiological inquiry in a random population of 1,200 persons who were not seeking care, residents in our country we established: the prevalence of symptoms suggestive of functional bowel disorders; the epidemiological differences between symptomatic subgroups which included abdominal pain with or without bowel dysfunction, diarrhea and constipation. The amount of cases and the prevalence in each subgroup were: abdominal pain, 165, 13.8 p. 100, painless constipation, 75, 6.3 p. 100, diarrhea, 10, 0.8 p. 100. As a whole, functional bowel disorders occurred in 20 p. 100 of our population. The "irritable bowel syndrome" group defined as abdominal pain and/or diarrhea differ from normal subjects by the following higher frequency of age under 50, subjects in active duty, antecedents of diverticulosis, influence of stress on symptoms, nausea, vomiting, migraines, pyrosis and number of visits to a doctor. However neither the sex-ratio nor professional occupation were relevant. The constipation group differed from normal because of the higher frequency of female sex, antecedents of hiatus hernia, use of laxatives but not because of age nor by the number of associated symptoms. In conclusion, functional bowel disorders occurred in 20 p. 100 of our population; two subgroups were clearly different from an epidemiological point of view, the irritable bowel syndrome (13 p. 100) and constipation (7 p. 100); therefore these two groups deserve a specific physiopathological, psychological and therapeutic approach.
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18
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Esperanca-Pina JA, Pais D, Goyri O'Neill JE. [The spermatic artery of the albino rat. Spiral segment]. Bull Assoc Anat (Nancy) 1985; 69:377-88. [PMID: 3916327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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