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Zakeri M, Mirahmadizadeh A, Azarbakhsh H, Dehghani SS, Janfada M, Moradian MJ, Moftakhar L, Sharafi M, Heiran A. Excess Deaths During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Southern Iran: Estimating the Absolute Count and Relative Risk Using Ecological Data. J Prev Med Public Health 2024; 57:120-127. [PMID: 38374708 PMCID: PMC10999301 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to increased mortality rates. To assess this impact, this ecological study aimed to estimate the excess death counts in southern Iran. METHODS The study obtained weekly death counts by linking the National Death Registry and Medical Care Monitoring Center repositories. The P-score was initially estimated using a simple method that involved calculating the difference between the observed and expected death counts. The interrupted time series analysis was then used to calculate the mean relative risk (RR) of death during the first year of the pandemic. RESULTS Our study found that there were 5571 excess deaths from all causes (P-score=33.29%) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, with 48.03% of these deaths directly related to COVID-19. The pandemic was found to increase the risk of death from all causes (RR, 1.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19 to 1.33), as well as in specific age groups such as those aged 35-49 (RR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.32), 50-64 (RR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.28 to 1.49), and ≥65 (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.32) years old. Furthermore, there was an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.11 to 1.22). CONCLUSIONS There was a 26% increase in the death count in southern Iran during the COVID-19 pandemic. More than half of these excess deaths were not directly related to COVID-19, but rather other causes, with cardiovascular diseases being a major contributor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Zakeri
- Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Maryam Janfada
- Department of Statistics, Health Vice-Chancellor, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Moradian
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee (Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharafi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Alireza Heiran
- Corresponding author: Alireza Heiran, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7193635899, Iran E-mail:
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Azarbakhsh H, Moftakhar L, Dehghani SS, Hassanzadeh J, Dehghani SP, Mirahmadizadeh A. Reply to Comments on the "Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Burns in Southern Iran During 2004-2019: A Population-Based Study". Arch Iran Med 2024; 27:50. [PMID: 38431962 PMCID: PMC10915931 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2024.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Azarbakhsh H, Rezaei F, Dehghani SS, Hassanzadeh J, Dehghani SP, Mirahmadizadeh A. Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Road Traffic Accidents in Fars Province, 2004-2019. Iran J Public Health 2023; 52:1995-2003. [PMID: 38033827 PMCID: PMC10682593 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v52i9.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Background Traffic accidents are one of the most critical health problems and the ninth leading cause of death globally. We aimed to determine the Mortality rate and the number of Years of Life Lost (YLL) due to road traffic accidents. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, mortality rate and YLL due to road traffic accidents were examined in Fars province, central Iran during the years 2004-2019. Mortality statistics were collected through death registration of ministry of health and medical education for Fars Province. Age Standardized mortality Rate (ASR) was calculated and join point regression analysis carried out to examine the trend of YLL rate. Data were analyzed using Excel spreadsheet version 2016 and Join point Regression Program 4.9.0.0. Results During the 16-year study period, 25,858 deaths due to road traffic accidents occurred in the province. 79.2% (20483 cases) were in men, and 33.7% (8703 cases) were aged 15-29 years. Total YLL during the 16-year study period were 458,975 (14.6 per 1000 people) in men, 117,999 (3.8 per 1000 people) in women. According to the join point regression, the 16- year trend of YLL rate due to premature mortality was decreasing: AAPC was -4.9% (95% CI: -8.8 to -0.9; P=0.018) for male, and -3.5% (95% CI: -6.3 to-0.5; P=0.011) for female. Conclusion Considering that the number of deaths, mortality rate and YLL has decreased in Fars province during the 16 years under study. Therefore, because the mortality rate due to road traffic accidents in Iran is higher than the global average, the need for training programs for drivers, compliance with standards and retrofitting of vehicles, road safety, driving supervision and the use of seat belts are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rezaianzadeh A, Moftakhar L, Seif M, Johari MG, Hosseini SV, Dehghani SS. Incidence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease among population aged 40-70 years: a population-based cohort study in the South of Iran. Trop Med Health 2023; 51:35. [PMID: 37308989 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-023-00527-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of mortality in the world. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and identify the risk factors of these diseases. METHODS This prospective cohort study was performed on 9442 individuals aged 40-70 years in Kharameh, a city in the South of Iran, in 2015-2022. The subjects were followed up for 4 years. The demographic information, behavioral habits, biological parameters, and history of some diseases were examined. The density incidence of cardiovascular disease was calculated. The log-rank test was calculated to assess the cardiovascular incidence difference between men and women. Simple and multiple Cox regression with Firth's bias reduction method were used to identify the predictors of cardiovascular disease. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of the participants was 51.4 ± 8.04 years, and the density incidence was estimated at 1.9 cases per 100,000 person-day. The log-rank test showed that men had a higher risk of cardiovascular disease than women. The Fisher's exact test showed a statistically significant difference between the incidence of cardiovascular diseases in different age groups, education levels, diabetes, and hypertension in men and women. The results of multiple Cox regression revealed that with increasing age, the risk of developing CVDs increased. In addition, the risk of cardiovascular disease is higher in people with kidney disease (HRadj = 3.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 8.7), men (HRadj = 2.3, 95% CI 1.7 to 3.2), individuals with hypertension (HRadj = 1.6, 95% CI 1.3 to 2.1), diabetics (HRadj = 2.3, 95%c CI 1.8 to 2.9), and alcohol consumption (HRadj = 1.5, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.2). CONCLUSIONS In the present study, diabetes, hypertension, age, male gender, and alcohol consumption were identified as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases; three variables of diabetes, hypertension and alcohol consumption were among the modifiable risk factors, so if they were removed, the incidence of cardiovascular disease could greatly reduce. Therefore, it is necessary to develop strategies for appropriate interventions to remove these risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Science, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Biostatistics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Moftakhar L, Rezaianzadeh A, Seif M, Ghoddusi Johari M, Hosseini SV, Dehghani SS. The effect of prehypertension and hypertension on the incidence of cardiovascular disease: A population-based cohort study in Kharameh, a city in the South of Iran. Health Sci Rep 2023; 6:e1264. [PMID: 37251525 PMCID: PMC10210051 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Prehypertension and hypertension are important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of prehypertension and hypertension on the development of cardiovascular diseases. Methods This prospective cohort study was performed on 9442 people aged 40-70 in Kharameh, southern Iran. Individuals were divided into three groups: normal blood pressure (N = 5009), prehypertension (N = 2166), and hypertension (N = 2267). In this study, demographic data, disease histories, behavioral habits, and biological parameters were studied. At first, the incidence density was calculated. Then Firth's Cox regression models were used to investigate the association between prehypertension and hypertension with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Results The incidence density in the three groups of individuals with normal blood pressure, prehypertension, and hypertension was 1.33, 2.02, and 3.29 cases per 100,000 person-days, respectively. The results of multiple Firth's Cox regression by controlling all factors showed that the risk of occurrence of cardiovascular disease in people with prehypertension was 1.33 times (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.73, p = 0.03) and those with hypertension were 1.85 times higher (HR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.38-2.29, p < 0.0001) than the individuals with normal blood. Conclusion Prehypertension and hypertension have played an independent role in the risk for developing cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, early detection of individuals with these factors and control of other risk factors in them can contribute to reducing the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research CommitteeShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
| | - Abbas Rezaianzadeh
- Colorectal Research CenterShiraz University of Medical ScienceShirazIran
| | - Mozhgan Seif
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Faculty of BiostatisticsShiraz University of Medical SciencesShirazIran
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Mirahmadizadeh A, Ghelichi-Ghojogh M, Jokari K, Amiri S, Moftakhar L, Moradian MJ, Habibi M, Dehghani SS, Hassani AH, Jafari A, Rezaei F. Correlation Between Diabetes and COVID-19 Indices: A Global Level Ecological
Study. SAGE Open Nurs 2023; 9:23779608231165485. [PMID: 37032958 PMCID: PMC10074615 DOI: 10.1177/23779608231165485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronavirus is threatening the global public health as a new and widespread crisis. The
researchers must keep in mind that one of the most vulnerable groups to COVID-19 are the
people with underlying diseases, especially diabetes. Objective This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between diabetes and the
epidemiological indices of COVID-19. Methods This ecological study included 144 countries. Their available data consists of the
cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, recovery rate,
case fatality rate, and performed tests of COVID-19, and diabetes. To collect the
variables, a data set was provided which included the information of 144 countries based
on diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Spearman coefficients were used for assess correlation
between diabetes and COVID-19 indices. Also, Scatter plots of diabetes for the studied
countries were drawn based on cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence
rate of death, tests, recovery rate, and case fatality rate of COVID-19. Results The results of this ecological study showed in total countries, there was a weak
positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative incidence rate of cases and also
cumulative incidence rate of death. Correlation between diabetes with test of COVID-19
was very weak. Scatter plots showed a weak liner correlation between diabetes and
cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death and test of
COVID-19. Conclusions In this study, there was a weak positive correlation between diabetes and cumulative
incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed test of
COVID-19. This disease is an enormous challenge for health policymakers; therefore, it
is necessary to develop strategies and practical guidelines specific to each region to
take the necessary care, especially for diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center,
School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mousa Ghelichi-Ghojogh
- Neonatal and Children's Health Research
Center, Golestan University of Medical
Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Kimia Jokari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sanaz Amiri
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University
of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Moradian
- Trauma Research Center, Shahid Rajaee
(Emtiaz) Trauma Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health
Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical
Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Research Center for Social Determinants of
Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Fatemeh Rezaei, Department of Social Medicine,
Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
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Mirahmadizadeh A, Moftakhar L, Dehghani SS, Hassanzadeh J, Dehghani SP, Azarbakhsh H. Mortality Rate and Years of Life Lost Due to Burns in Southern Iran During 2004-2019: A Population-Based Study. Arch Iran Med 2023; 26:205-211. [PMID: 38301080 PMCID: PMC10685748 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burns constitute one of the most important etiologies of infection and mortality worldwide, with the most significant number of cases in low- and middle-income countries. This is a cross-sectional study on deaths due to burns in southern Iran. METHODS In this study, data on all deaths due to burns in southern Iran between 2004 and 2019 was extracted from the population-based Electronic Death Registry System (EDRS). The Joinpoint Regression method was used to examine the trend of crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, and years of life lost (YLL) rate. In order to measure YLL, the number of deaths and life expectancy for different age and gender groups were used, for which the standard life table was considered. RESULTS During this study, 2175 deaths due to burns occurred, 50.6% (1106 cases) of which were in men and 38.7% (841 cases) were in the 15-29 age group. The crude and the standardized mortality rate had a decreasing trend during the study years. The total number of YLL was 25260 (0.8 per 1000) in men, 25,785 (0.8 per 1000) in women, and 51,045 (0.8 per 1000) in both genders during the 16 years of the study. CONCLUSION Considering the high mortality rate in the 15-29 age group, which consists of the active and productive labor force, necessary actions are needed in order to improve safety equipment and to make the workplace safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leila Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Azarbakhsh H, Hassanzadeh J, Dehghani SS, Janfada M, Sharifi MH, Mirahmadizadeh A. Trend Analysis of Homicide Mortality and Years of Life Lost in the South of Iran, 2004-2019. J Res Health Sci 2023; 23:e00573. [PMID: 37571944 PMCID: PMC10422147 DOI: 10.34172/jrhs.2023.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to determine the mortality rate and years of life lost (YLL) due to homicide in Fars province. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS All data related to deaths due to homicide in Fars province were obtained from the Populationbased Electronic Death Registration System. Crude and age-standardized mortality rate, YLL, and YLL rate data were calculated and joinpoint regression was used to examine the trend. RESULTS During 2004-2019, 2148 deaths due to homicide occurred in Fars province, and (1782 cases (83.0%) were men. The crude mortality rate in men decreased by 44.0% from 2004 to 2019, but a stable trend was observed in women. The total YLL due to homicide during these 16 years was 43230 (1.37 per 1000 people) in men and 8931 (0.29 per 1000 people) in women. According to the joinpoint regression analysis, the 16-year trend of the YLL rate due to premature mortality in men was decreasing, and the annual percent change (APC) was -4.00% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.60 to -1.20, P=0.008). However, women demonstrated stable trends in this respect, and APC was -0.50% (95% CI: -3.10 to 2.20, P=0.704). CONCLUSION The crude and standardized mortality rates and the number of YLL due to homicide in the study period had a significant decreasing trend in men but a stable trend in women. To control this issue, officials and policymakers should identify the areas of homicide and control its risk factors such as economic and social issues, drug addiction, and the state of violence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jafar Hassanzadeh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Epidemiology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Maryam Janfada
- Medical Records, Health Vice-chancellor, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Mirahmadizadeh A, Ghelichi-Ghojogh M, Vali M, Jokari K, Ghaem H, Hemmati A, Jafari F, Dehghani SS, Hassani AH, Jafari A, Rezaei F. Correlation between human development index and its components with COVID-19 indices: a global level ecologic study. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1549. [PMID: 35971079 PMCID: PMC9376577 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given that COVID-19 continues to spread worldwide, attempts to restrain the virus and to prevent the effects that critically ill patients with COVID-19 have on healthcare systems, has become a public health priority. This ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between the Human Development Index (HDI) and the epidemiological indicators of COVID-19, including the cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, performed COVID-19 tests per million, recovery rate, and case fatality rate. Methods In this ecological study, a data set was provided, which included the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19, HDI, and its components for each country. Correlation coefficients were used to determine linear correlation. Also, the scatter plots of the HDI for the studied countries based on the epidemiologic indices of COVID-19 were drawn. Results This study showed that HDI and its components had positive correlation with a cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of death, and performed COVID-19 tests (p < 0.001). HDI and two of its components, including literacy and Gross National Income (GNI) components had negative correlation with case fatality rate (CFR). Also, HDI and two of its components, including literacy and life expectancy components had negative correlation with recovery rate. Conclusion Our study showed that the HDI and its components can affect the epidemiological status of COVID-19. As HDI increased, the cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, and COVID-19 tests increased as well. As HDI increased, CFR and recovery rate decreased as well. Although the HDI is higher in high-income countries, these countries may have also better reporting and surveillance systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohebat Vali
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Kimia Jokari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Haleh Ghaem
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Abdolrasool Hemmati
- Vice Chancellor Affairs, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jafari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.
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Esmaeilzadeh H, Dehghani SS, Shahhoseini B, Alyasin S, Nabavizadeh SH, Askari A. COVID-19 in Chronic Granulomatosis Disease: A Case Report. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 21:478-483. [PMID: 36243936 DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v21i4.10295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A novel coronavirus disease known as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread quickly throughout the world, and it was declared a pandemic in March 2022. Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a diverse group of genetic disorders characterized by recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, resulting in granulomas due to the inability of phagocytes to destroy microbes. Even though it is thought that impaired neutrophil activity is a protective mechanism against severe COVID-19-induced cytokine storms and hyper-inflammatory responses, patients with CGD have normal immunity to most viruses. Here, we present two CGD patients who were hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 infections, which suggests that COVID-19 might have a different pathogenesis than other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Esmaeilzadeh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Sina Dehghani
- Department of Pediatric, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Babak Shahhoseini
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Soheila Alyasin
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Sayyed Hesamedin Nabavizadeh
- Allergy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran AND Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Aida Askari
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Namazi Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Mirahmadizadeh A, Rezaei F, Jokari K, Moftakhar L, Hemmati A, Dehghani SS, Hassani AH, Lotfi M, Jafari A, Ghelichi-Ghojogh M. Correlation between environmental factors and COVID-19 indices: a global level ecological study. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:16667-16677. [PMID: 34651278 PMCID: PMC8516493 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This global level ecological study aimed to investigate the correlation between environmental factors and the COVID-19 indices. This survey is an ecological study, so all studied variables are aggregate variables. To collect the variables in the study, a data set was provided, which includes the information of each country based on the cumulative deaths, case fatality rate, recovery rate, and the number of performed COVID-19 tests. Scatter plots of environmental factors for the studied countries were drawn based on cumulative incidence rate of cases, cumulative incidence rate of death, tests, recovery rate, and case fatality rate of COVID-19. Furthermore, Spearman correlation coefficient was also used to verify the correlation between environmental factors and indicators related to COVID-19. The results of this ecological study showed that among all countries surveyed, Montenegro (60,310.56 per million) and Luxembourg (54,807.89 per million) had the highest cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19 cases, when Tanzania (8.42 per million) and Vietnam (13.78 per million) had the lowest cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19. In addition, in this study, it was shown that the cumulative incidence rate of cases, the cumulative incidence rate of deaths, and performed COVID-19 tests had significant direct correlations with the access to drinking water and the access to sanitation services (p < 0.001). The findings of the present study showed an inverse correlation between the mortality rate due to unhealthy water consumption, poor health status, and a positive correlation between access to drinking water and health services with the cumulative incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19. The differences between our findings and many other studies could be due to the ecological nature of the study. Nevertheless, our findings will help health policymakers to develop timely strategies to reduce the mortality and incidence rate of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Mirahmadizadeh
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rezaei
- Department of Social Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Kimia Jokari
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Leyla Moftakhar
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | | | | | - Mehrzad Lotfi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Jafari
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Social Development and Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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