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Gellatly S, Pavelka N, Crue T, Schweitzer KS, Day BJ, Min E, Numata M, Voelker DR, Scruggs A, Petrache I, Chu HW. Nicotine-Free e-Cigarette Vapor Exposure Stimulates IL6 and Mucin Production in Human Primary Small Airway Epithelial Cells. J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:175-185. [PMID: 32368126 PMCID: PMC7170627 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s244434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) are relatively new devices that allow the user to inhale a heated and aerosolized solution. At present, little is known about their health effects in the human lung, particularly in the small airways (<2 mm in diameter), a key site of airway obstruction and destruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other acute and chronic lung conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of e-cigarettes on human distal airway inflammation and remodeling. METHODS We isolated primary small airway epithelial cells from donor lungs without known lung disease. Small airway epithelial cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and exposed to 15 puffs vapor obtained by heating a commercially available e-cigarette solution (e-vapor) with or without nicotine. After 24 hrs of e-vapor exposure, basolateral and apical media as well as cell lysates were collected to measure the pleiotropic cytokine interleukin 6 (IL6) and MUC5AC, one of the major components in mucus. RESULTS Unlike the nicotine-containing e-vapor, nicotine-free e-vapor significantly increased the amount of IL6, which was coupled with increased levels of intracellular MUC5AC protein. Importantly, a neutralizing IL6 antibody (vs an IgG isotype control) significantly inhibited the production of MUC5AC induced by nicotine-free e-vapor. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that human small airway epithelial cells exposed to nicotine-free e-vapor increase the inflammatory response and mucin production, which may contribute to distal lung airflow limitation and airway obstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaan Gellatly
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Nicole Pavelka
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Taylor Crue
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | | | - Brian J Day
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Elysia Min
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Mari Numata
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Dennis R Voelker
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - April Scruggs
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Irina Petrache
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
| | - Hong Wei Chu
- Department of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO80206, USA
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Schaefer N, Li X, Seibold MA, Jarjour NN, Denlinger LC, Castro M, Coverstone AM, Teague WG, Boomer J, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Moore WC, Hawkins GA, Fahy J, Phillips BR, Mauger DT, Dakhama A, Gellatly S, Pavelka N, Berman R, Di YP, Wenzel SE, Chu HW. The effect of BPIFA1/SPLUNC1 genetic variation on its expression and function in asthmatic airway epithelium. JCI Insight 2019; 4:127237. [PMID: 30996135 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.127237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial permeability family member A1 (BPIFA1), also known as short palate, lung, and nasal epithelium clone 1 (SPLUNC1), is a protein involved in the antiinflammatory response. The goal of this study was to determine whether BPIFA1 expression in asthmatic airways is regulated by genetic variations, altering epithelial responses to type 2 cytokines (e.g., IL-13). Nasal epithelial cells from patients with mild to severe asthma were collected from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Severe Asthma Research Program centers, genotyped for rs750064, and measured for BPIFA1. To determine the function of rs750064, cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and treated with IL-13 with or without recombinant human BPIFA1 (rhBPIFA1). Noncultured nasal cells with the rs750064 CC genotype had significantly less BPIFA1 mRNA expression than the CT and TT genotypes. Cultured CC versus CT and TT cells without stimulation maintained less BPIFA1 expression. With IL-13 treatment, CC genotype cells secreted more eotaxin-3 than CT and TT genotype cells. Also, rhBPIFA1 reduced IL-13-mediated eotaxin-3. BPIFA1 mRNA levels negatively correlated with serum IgE and fractional exhaled nitric oxide. Baseline FEV1% levels were lower in the asthma patients with the CC genotype (n = 1,016). Our data suggest that less BPIFA1 in asthma patients with the CC allele may predispose them to greater eosinophilic inflammation, which could be attenuated by rhBPIFA1 protein therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xingnan Li
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | | | - Mario Castro
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Jonathan Boomer
- Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy C Moore
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - John Fahy
- UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - David T Mauger
- Pennsylvania State University, Centre County, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Y Peter Di
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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McPhee JB, Tamber S, Bains M, Maier E, Gellatly S, Lo A, Benz R, Hancock RE. The major outer membrane protein OprG ofPseudomonas aeruginosacontributes to cytotoxicity and forms an anaerobically regulated, cation-selective channel. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 296:241-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01651.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Pistolic J, Cosseau C, Li Y, Yu J(J, Filewod NC, Gellatly S, Rehaume LM, Bowdish DM, Hancock RE. Host defence peptide LL-37 induces IL-6 expression in human bronchial epithelial cells by activation of the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. J Innate Immun 2008; 1:254-67. [PMID: 20375583 PMCID: PMC7312842 DOI: 10.1159/000171533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
LL-37, the only member of the cathelicidin family of cationic host defence peptides in humans, has been shown to mediate multiple immunomodulatory effects and as such is thought to be an important component of innate immune responses. A growing body of evidence indicates that LL-37 affects lung mucosal responses to pathogens through altered regulation of cell migration, proliferation, wound healing and cell apoptosis. These functions are consistent with LL-37 playing a role in regulating lung epithelial inflammatory responses; however, that role has not been clearly defined. In this report we have demonstrated that host defence peptide LL-37 induced cytokine (IL-6) and chemokine (CXCL-1/GRO-alpha and CXCL-8/IL-8) release from human bronchial epithelial cells. It was demonstrated that LL-37-mediated IL-6 release was time and dose dependent and that LL-37 up-regulated this pleiotropic cytokine at the transcriptional level. Using specific inhibitors it was shown that NF-kappaB signaling led to the LL-37-stimulated production of IL-6. LL-37 stimulation of airway epithelial cells activated NF-kappaB signaling, as demonstrated by the phosphorylation and degradation of Ikappa-Balpha, and consequent nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 NF-kappaB subunits. Furthermore this host defence peptide augmented flagellin-mediated cytokine production, indicating that LL-37 likely modulates Toll-like receptor 5-mediated responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Pistolic
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Celine Cosseau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Yuexin Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Jie (Jessie) Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Niall C.J. Filewod
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Shaan Gellatly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Linda M. Rehaume
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
| | - Dawn M.E. Bowdish
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, Universityof Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert E.W. Hancock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada
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