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Jackson H, Bowen S, Jaki T. Using biomarkers to allocate patients in a response-adaptive clinical trial. COMMUN STAT-SIMUL C 2023; 52:5946-5965. [PMID: 38045870 PMCID: PMC7615340 DOI: 10.1080/03610918.2021.2004420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss a response adaptive randomization method, and why it should be used in clinical trials for rare diseases compared to a randomized controlled trial with equal fixed randomization. The developed method uses a patient's biomarkers to alter the allocation probability to each treatment, in order to emphasize the benefit to the trial population. The method starts with an initial burn-in period of a small number of patients, who with equal probability, are allocated to each treatment. We then use a regression method to predict the best outcome of the next patient, using their biomarkers and the information from the previous patients. This estimated best treatment is assigned to the next patient with high probability. A completed clinical trial for the effect of catumaxomab on the survival of cancer patients is used as an example to demonstrate the use of the method and the differences to a controlled trial with equal allocation. Different regression procedures are investigated and compared to a randomized controlled trial, using efficacy and ethical measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T Jaki
- Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
- University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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2
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Budhram-Mahadeo VS, Irshad S, Bowen S, Lee SA, Samady L, Tonini GP, Latchman DS. Correction: Proliferation-associated Brn-3b transcription factor can activate cyclin D1 expression in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2023; 42:782. [PMID: 36759573 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02614-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
| | - S Irshad
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Bowen
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S A Lee
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Samady
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - G P Tonini
- Translational Paediatric Oncology, National Institute of Cancer Research (IST), Genoa, Italy
| | - D S Latchman
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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3
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Bowen S. SP-0861 Adapting to biological response based on quantitative imaging, peripheral blood, and tissue markers: Nextgeneration personalized radiation oncology. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)04053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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4
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Bartley D, Panchasarp R, Bowen S, Deane J, Ferguson JK. How accurately is hospital acquired pneumonia documented for the correct assignment of a hospital acquired complication (HAC)? Infect Dis Health 2020; 26:67-71. [PMID: 33071209 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2016, the Australian Commission on Safety and Quality in Healthcare (ACSQHC) released a list of 16 categories of potentially preventable, high impact hospital-acquired complications (HAC) identified by using administrative coded data (ACD). An important category are hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Within this category, hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) is among the most frequent complications documented. There are no published studies concerning the current ACSQHC approach to HAI surveillance using ACD and no pneumonia-specific ACD studies reported from Australia. Published work indicates that ACD detection of HAP has low a sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). The current study was designed to examine whether coders correctly reflected the documentation of HAP that was present in the medical record and also evaluated the medical documentation that was present. METHODS One hundred patients with ACD encoded HAP were selected for review, drawn from admissions to 2 Hunter New England Health hospitals during 2017. Patient records and the eMR were reviewed by two medical officers to assess medical and radiological documentation of pneumonia. The district coding manager reviewed the accuracy of coding of a subset of 23 cases where medical review had not located documented evidence of HAP. RESULTS Of the 100 reviewed cases, the median patient age was 75 years (range 0-95 years) with 3% under 16 years of age. Twenty one were intensive care-associated of which 13 were associated with ventilation. In 23 cases the documentation was disputed and a secondary review took place - the coding manager confirmed coding changes in 14 of these 23 cases. CONCLUSIONS This study found that administrative coded data of HAP, utilizing the ACSQHC method reliably reflected the available documentation with a PPV of 86% (95% binomial exact confidence interval 77-92%), much higher than documented by previous ACD studies. The actual documentation of pneumonia by medical staff frequently used the non-specific term 'lower respiratory infection (LRTI)' which we recommend to be avoided. Radiological confirmation was absent in one third of cases. We recommend the adoption of a medical note template checklist for HAP to prompt clinicians with the accepted diagnostic criteria. We also recommend documenting a reason as to why any antibiotic has been commenced in a hospitalized patient in accord with the ACSQHC Antimicrobial Stewardship Clinical Care Standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bartley
- HNE Health, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | | | - S Bowen
- HNE Health, Tamworth, NSW, 2340, Australia
| | - J Deane
- Infection Prevention Service, HNE Health, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia
| | - J K Ferguson
- Infection Prevention Service, HNE Health, Newcastle, NSW, 2305, Australia; University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Powell D, Stuart S, Fearn D, Bowen S, Steel H, Jones T, Godfrey A. Wearables as objective tools in sport-related concussion: a protocol for more informed player management. Physiotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Noyce SG, Doherty JL, Cheng Z, Han H, Bowen S, Franklin AD. Electronic Stability of Carbon Nanotube Transistors Under Long-Term Bias Stress. Nano Lett 2019; 19:1460-1466. [PMID: 30720283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b03986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thousands of reports have demonstrated the exceptional performance of sensors based on carbon nanotube (CNT) transistors, with promises of transformative impact. Yet, the effect of long-term bias stress on individual CNTs, critical for most sensing applications, has remained uncertain. Here, we report bias ranges under which CNT transistors can operate continuously for months or more without degradation. Using a custom characterization system, the impacts of defect formation and charge traps on the stability of CNT-based sensors under extended bias are determined. In addition to breakdown, which is well-known, we identify three additional operational modes: full stability, slow decay, and fast decay. We identify a current drift behavior that reduces dynamic range by over four orders of magnitude but is avoidable with appropriate sensing modalities. Identification of these stable operation modes and limits for nanotube-based sensors addresses concerns surrounding their development for a myriad of sensing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven G Noyce
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - James L Doherty
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Zhihui Cheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
| | - Hui Han
- Illumina Inc. , 5200 Illumina Way , San Diego , California 92122 , United States
| | - Shane Bowen
- Illumina Inc. , 5200 Illumina Way , San Diego , California 92122 , United States
| | - Aaron D Franklin
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
- Department of Chemistry , Duke University , Durham , North Carolina 27708 , United States
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Byvaltsev VA, Kolesnikov SI, Bardonova LA, Belykh EG, Korytov LI, Giers MB, Bowen S, Preul MC. Development of an In Vitro Model of Inflammatory Cytokine Influences on Intervertebral Disk Cells in 3D Cell Culture Using Activated Macrophage-Like THP-1 Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 166:151-154. [PMID: 30417291 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4304-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We developed a new model for evaluation of the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on intervertebral disc cells in a 3D culture based on co-culturing of these cells with activated macrophage-like THP-1 cells. The levels of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and IL-12p70 production were assessed by flow cytofluorometry using microspheres. Considerable differences in the level of spontaneous cytokine secretion by normal and degenerated intervertebral disc cells were revealed. A significant increase in the level of IL-1β and IL-8 was observed during co-culturing, which confirms consistency of the developed model.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Byvaltsev
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Irkutsk Research Center of Surgery and Traumatology, Irkutsk, Russia.
- Railroad Clinical Hospital at Irkutsk-Passenger Station, Russian Railways Company, Irkutsk, Russia.
| | - S I Kolesnikov
- Research Center for Problems of Family Health and Human Reproduction, Irkutsk, Russia
- M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - L A Bardonova
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - E G Belykh
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - L I Korytov
- Irkutsk State Medical University, Irkutsk, Russia
| | - M B Giers
- Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Bowen
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - M C Preul
- Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Dix M, Adams V, Klaeske K, Bowen S, Werner S, Garbade J, Emrich F, Lehmann S, Jawad K, Borger M, Dieterlen M. Ischemic HeartFailure Induces Simultaneous Downregulation of Myocardial E3 Ligases. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.01.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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9
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Dix M, Adams V, Klaeske K, Bowen S, Werner S, Garbade J, Emrich F, Lehmann S, Jawad K, Borger M, Dieterlen MT. Induction of Simultaneous Downregulation of Myocardial E3 Ligases in Ischemic Heart Failure. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Dix
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - V. Adams
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. Klaeske
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Bowen
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Werner
- Clinic for Cardiology, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Garbade
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - F. Emrich
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Lehmann
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - K. Jawad
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M. Borger
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M.-T. Dieterlen
- Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Heart Centre Leipzig - University Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Codde E, Munro A, Stewart C, Spilsbury K, Bowen S, Codde J, Steel N, Leung Y, Tan J, Salfinger SG, Mohan GR, Cohen PA. Risk of persistent or recurrent cervical neoplasia in patients with 'pure' adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) or mixed AIS and high-grade cervical squamous neoplasia (cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia grades 2 and 3 (CIN 2/3)): a population-based study. BJOG 2017; 125:74-79. [PMID: 28678394 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare outcomes of patients with pure adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) and mixed AIS/CIN 2/3 lesions including the incidence of AIS persistence, recurrence and progression to adenocarcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. SETTING Statewide population in Western Australia. POPULATION Women diagnosed with AIS between 2001 and 2012. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES De-identified linked data were utilised to ascertain the association between patient age at excisional treatment, margin status, lesion type, lesion size, and risk of persistent AIS (defined as the presence of AIS <12 months from treatment), recurrent AIS (≥12 months post-treatment), and adenocarcinoma. RESULTS 636 patients were eligible for analysis. The mean age was 32.3 years and median follow-up interval was 2.5 years. Within the study cohort, 266 patients (41.8%) had pure AIS and 370 (58.2%) had mixed AIS/CIN 2/3. Overall, 47 patients (7.4%) had AIS persistence/recurrence and 12 (1.9%) had adenocarcinoma. Factors associated with persistence/recurrence were pure AIS (hazard ratio (HR) 2.3; 95%CI 1.28-3.94; P = 0.005), age >30 years (HR 2.1; 95%CI 1.16-3.81; P = 0.015), positive endocervical margins (HR 5.8; 95%CI 3.05-10.92; P = <0.001) and AIS lesions >8 mm (HR 2.5; 95%CI 1.00-6.20; P = 0.049). A histologically positive AIS ectocervical margin was not associated with persistence/recurrence. CONCLUSION In this study, pure AIS was associated with greater risk of persistence/recurrence than was mixed AIS/CIN 2/3. AIS lesions >8 mm and positive endocervical margins were significant predictors for persistent or recurrent disease. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT Pure cervical adenocarcinoma-in-situ (AIS) may have greater risk of recurrence than AIS co-existing with CIN 2/3.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Codde
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - A Munro
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - Cjr Stewart
- Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - K Spilsbury
- Centre for Population Health Research, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - S Bowen
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia
| | - J Codde
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - N Steel
- WA Cervical Cancer Prevention Program, WA Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Y Leung
- Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - J Tan
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,WOMEN Centre, West Leederville, WA, Australia
| | - S G Salfinger
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - G R Mohan
- School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - P A Cohen
- Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia.,St. John of God Hospital Bendat Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Subiaco, WA, Australia.,Division of Women's and Infants' Health, School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,WOMEN Centre, West Leederville, WA, Australia
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Zecchin R, Ferry C, McIvor D, Wilcox K, Kerr J, Bennett S, Bowen S, Carr B, Newton P, Gallagher R. Establishing a NSW Cardiac Rehabilitation Minimum Dataset (CRMDS). Heart Lung Circ 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2016.06.771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Bowen S, Lee E, Miyaoka R, Saini J, Kinahan P, Sandison G, Wong T, Vesselle H, Rengan R, Zeng J. SU-D-202-01: Functional Lung Avoidance and Response-Adaptive Escalation (FLARE) RT: Feasibility of a Precision Radiation Oncology Strategy. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4955641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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13
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Saini J, Cao N, Bowen S, Bloch C, Wong T. SU-E-T-127: Application of TG-119 for Evaluation of Proton Spot Scanning Based Planning and Treatment Delivery. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang F, Byrd D, Bowen S, Kinahan P, Sandison G. TU-F-CAMPUS-J-04: Impact of Voxel Anisotropy On Statistic Texture Features of Oncologic PET: A Simulation Study. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yang F, Nyflot M, Bowen S, Kinahan P, Sandison G. TU-F-12A-05: Sensitivity of Textural Features to 3D Vs. 4D FDG-PET/CT Imaging in NSCLC Patients. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Meyer J, Hendrickson K, Bowen S, Nyflot M, Patel S, Halasz L. SU-E-T-302: Spine SBRT Planning for Patients with Spinal Hardware. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bowen S, Saini J, Miyaoka R, Kinahan P, Sandison G, Wong T, Vesselle H, Nyflot M, Apisarnthanarax S. TU-F-12A-04: Differential Radiation Avoidance of Functional Liver Regions Defined by 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid SPECT/CT with Proton Therapy. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Saini J, Bowen S, Kang Y, Schultz L, Bloch C, Nicewonger D, Herrera M, Wong T. SU-E-T-73: Commissioning of a Treatment Planning System for Proton Spot Scanning. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4888403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bradshaw T, Bowen S, Jallow N, Forrest L, Jeraj R. WE-C-WAB-01: Intratumor Correlations of FDG, FLT, and Cu-ATSM PET in Canine Tumors: Implications for Dose Painting. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Bowen S. SP-0014: How much can we trust PET? (PET uncertainties). Radiother Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(15)32320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wilson JA, Bowen S, Branch CL, Meredith JW. Review of 31 cases of anterior thoracolumbar fixation with the anterior thoracolumbar locking plate system. Neurosurg Focus 2012; 7:e1. [PMID: 16918232 DOI: 10.3171/foc.1999.7.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Anterior fixation devices for the thoracolumbar spine have gained wide acceptance as viable alternatives to long-segment posterior fixation in cases of thoracolumbar spine trauma. This review was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the Synthes anterior thoracolumbar locking plate (ATLP) system. Over a 3-year period, 31 patients with unstable traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine underwent corpectomy, placement of a structural bone graft, and anterior fixation in which the Synthes ATLP system was used. Long-term follow-up data were obtained in 29 patients. Two patients were lost to follow up, one at 4 months and the other at 1 year. In the remaining patients, the average length of follow up was 20 months. In all patients radiographic evidence of solid bone fusion was demonstrated on follow-up plain x-ray films, and there were no signs or symptoms of pseudarthrosis. No patient suffered neurological deterioration as a result of surgery, and there was relatively little morbidity associated with this plating system. To date, none of the patients in this study has developed any delayed complications related to the fixation device. In one patient, who had sustained a severe flexion injury, loosening of the anterior fixation device occurred, and the patient developed progressive kyphosis, which required a posterior stabilization procedure. These results appear slightly better than those obtained in published studies in which other anterior plating systems were used, indicating that this system is safe and effective in the treatment of unstable fractures of the thoracolumbar spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Wilson
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Pfister L, Chan KR, Bui TP, Bowen S, Legg M, Gary B, Kelly K, Proffitt M, Starr W. Gravity waves generated by a tropical cyclone during the STEP tropical field program: A case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bowen J, Southgate R, Ali A, Little S, Liakos A, Greaves F, Strachan J, Baraco A, Adem G, Abdillahi M, Handuleh J, Reed K, Walker F, Zeron J, Strachan M, Bowen S, Hellyer T, Hersheson J, Whitwell S, Fyfe M, Phillips J, Trim C, Johnson O, Leather A, Al-Hadithy N, Finlayson A. Can UK healthcare workers remotely support medical education in the developing world?: Focus group evaluation. JRSM Short Rep 2012; 3:47. [PMID: 22908028 PMCID: PMC3422851 DOI: 10.1258/shorts.2012.011171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the feasibility of providing regular, live, text-based teaching to medical students and junior doctors in Somaliland using a dedicated case-based medical education website (www.MedicineAfrica.com). Design Review of MedicineAfrica database for details of teaching sessions held in Somaliland from December 2008-October 2010 and evaluation of user experiences through focus groups. Setting King's College Hospital, London, UK and Ahmoud University, Borama, Somaliland. Participants Final year medical students, newly graduated interns and second year interns at Ahmoud University, Borama, Somaliland. Main outcome measures Qualitative and quantitative user rating of online case-based tutorials in the context of pre-existing educational opportunities available to them. Results Regular online teaching sessions are received enthusiastically by students and junior doctors and are reported to improve their clinical practice. Conclusions Despite technological limitations in Somaliland, a live text-based teaching service can be delivered effectively and streamlined with local curricula. This represents an alternative to traditional static teaching methodologies currently used in international medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jst Bowen
- Geriatrics Department, Royal Berkshire Hospital , Reading , UK
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Bowen S, Kurz AS. Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Motives to Quit in Asian American Versus Caucasian College Students. Nicotine Tob Res 2011; 14:1235-40. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntr281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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26
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Allender S, Osborne R, Bowen S, Shiell A, Hawe P, Swinburn B. Measuring the ‘system’ in whole of system approaches to obesity prevention. Obes Res Clin Pract 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Bowen S, Chappell R, Bentzen S, Deveau M, Forrest L, Jeraj R. TU-A-BRC-04: Quantifying the Predictive Power of Multiparametric PET Imaging in a Prospective Veterinary Dose Escalation Trial through Voxel Regression. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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28
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McCall K, Jallow N, Bowen S, Deveau M, Forrest L, Jeraj R. WE-G-214-03: Investigating the Repeatability of Quantitative PET Imaging of Heterogeneous Tumors. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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29
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Yip S, Bowen S, Jeraj R. TU-A-BRC-08: Impact of Deformable Image Registration on Determining Phenotype Correlations through the Course of Therapy. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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30
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Bradshaw T, Bowen S, Jeraj R. SU-E-T-842: Robust Optimization of Dose Painting Treatment Plans Using Dosimetric Margins. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3612806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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31
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Forde JC, O'Connor KM, Casey L, O'Brien M, Bowen S, Casey RG, Ahmed I, McDermott TE, Grainger R, Lynch TH. A rapid access diagnostic clinic for prostate cancer: the experience after one year. Ir J Med Sci 2011; 180:505-8. [PMID: 21293947 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-011-0695-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Cancer Control Programme is developing standards for access to diagnostics and treatment of prostate cancer. The Rapid Access Prostate Cancer (RAPC) clinic in St. James's Hospital commenced in May 2009 allowing general practitioners (GPs) more streamlined access for patients. AIMS To demonstrate that RAPC clinics allow GPs direct access to a designated cancer centre improving the prostate cancer referral process. This ultimately should reduce referral delays. METHODS A prospective analysis of all patients referred to the RAPC clinic in St. James's Hospital over a 12-month period beginning from May 2009. RESULTS Over the 12-month period 215 patients were referred to the RAPC clinic. The median age was 63 years (range 45-78). The median waiting time between referral and review at the RAPC clinic was 13 days (range 1-37). The median PSA was 7.7 μg/L (range 2.6-150). In total 199 TRUS biopsies were performed, of which 46% were positive for prostate cancer. We found that 70% of all patients had a PSA ≤ 10 μg/L and of these 32% were positive for prostate cancer. For the remaining 30% of patients who had a PSA > 10 μg/L, we found 63% were positive for prostate cancer. Regarding patients diagnosed with prostate cancer 56% have been referred for radiotherapy, 13% for surgery, 13% for hormonal treatment, 10% for active surveillance and 8% watchful waiting. CONCLUSION RAPC clinics allow GPs easier access to specialist urological opinion for patients suspected of having prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Forde
- Department of Urology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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32
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Bowen S, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. MO-D-204B-01: Characterizing Uncertainties in Hypoxia Imaging-Based Dose Painting Prescriptions. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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33
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Deveau M, Bowen S, Westerly D, Jeraj R. SU-GG-T-113: Impact of Treatment Planning Optimization Parameters on Dose Painting Plans. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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34
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McCall K, Bowen S, Jaskowiak C, McNall M, Rice S, Jeraj R. SU-GG-J-139: Quantitative PET Imaging of Heterogeneous Tumors: The Dosimetric Effect of Patient Motion on Image-Based Dose Painting Plans. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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35
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Grudzinski J, Bowen S, Tome W, Weichert J, Jeraj R. SU-FF-T-458: Complementing Targeted Radionuclide Therapy with External Beam Radiotherapy: Planning Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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36
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Bowen S, van der Kogel A, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. TH-D-304A-06: Comparison of Cu-ATSM and FMISO Uptake to Variations in Oxygen Tension. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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37
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Barbee D, Bowen S, Flynn R, Holden J, Jeraj R. SU-FF-J-176: Assessing the Impact of Partial Volume Correction On Dose Painting. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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38
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Kissick M, Mo X, Westerly D, Flynn R, Bowen S, Schubert L, Jeraj R, Mackie T. SU-FF-T-180: Tomotherapy Dose Painting Delivery Robust to Respiratory Motion. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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39
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40
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Khoury M, Bowen S, Bradley L, Coates R, Dowling N, Gwinn M, Kolor K, Moore C, St. Pierre J, Valdez R, Yoon P. A Decade of Public Health Genomics in the United States: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1997–2007. Public Health Genomics 2009; 12:20-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000153427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2008] [Accepted: 04/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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41
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Bowen S, Flynn R, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. SU-DD-A1-04: Impact of Prescription Dose Gradient Discretization On Dose Painting. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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42
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Budhram-Mahadeo VS, Irshad S, Bowen S, Lee SA, Samady L, Tonini GP, Latchman DS. Proliferation-associated Brn-3b transcription factor can activate cyclin D1 expression in neuroblastoma and breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2008; 27:145-54. [PMID: 17637757 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Brn-3b transcription factor enhances proliferation of neuroblastoma (NB) and breast cancer cell lines in vitro and increases the rate and size of in vivo tumour growth, whereas reducing Brn-3b slows growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Brn-3b is elevated in >65% of breast cancer biopsies, and here we demonstrate that Brn-3b is also elevated in NB tumours. We show a significant correlation between Brn-3b and cyclin D1 (CD1) in breast cancers and NB tumours and cell lines. Brn-3b directly transactivates the CD1 promoter in co-transfection experiments, whereas electrophoretic mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that Brn-3b protein binds to an octamer sequence located in the proximal CD1 promoter. Site-directed mutagenesis of this sequence resulted in loss of transactivation of the CD1 promoter by Brn-3b. Thus, Brn-3b may act to alter growth properties of breast cancer and NB cells by enhancing CD1 expression in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S Budhram-Mahadeo
- Medical Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK.
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43
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Flynn R, Barbee D, Bowen S, McCall K, Bentzen S, Mackie T, Jeraj R. MO-D-M100J-01: Dose Painting With Intensity Modulated Proton Therapy and Intensity Modulated X-Ray Therapy: A Comparison. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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44
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Bowen S, Flynn R, Bentzen S, Jeraj R. MO-D-M100J-08: Effect of a Biologically-Based Prescription Function in IMRT Dose Optimization. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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45
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Simpson TL, Kaysen D, Bowen S, MacPherson LM, Chawla N, Blume A, Marlatt GA, Larimer M. PTSD symptoms, substance use, and vipassana meditation among incarcerated individuals. J Trauma Stress 2007; 20:239-49. [PMID: 17597132 DOI: 10.1002/jts.20209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated whether Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptom severity was associated with participation and treatment outcomes comparing a Vipassana meditation course to treatment as usual in an incarcerated sample. This study utilizes secondary data. The original study demonstrated that Vipassana meditation is associated with reductions in substance use. The present study found that PTSD symptom severity did not differ significantly between those who did and did not volunteer to take the course. Participation in the Vipassana course was associated with significantly greater reductions in substance use than treatment as usual, regardless of PTSD symptom severity levels. These results suggest that Vipassana meditation is worthy of further study for those with comorbid PTSD and substance use problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Simpson
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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46
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Malone S, Eapen L, MacRae C, Samant R, Kendall W, Bowen S, Grimes S, Robertson S, Addison C, Gallant V. Preliminary Toxicity and Quality of Life (QoL) Data From a Randomized Phase III Trial Investigating the Optimal Method of Sequencing Radiation (XRT) and Short Course Total Androgen Blockade (TAB) in Prostate Cancer (PC). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.07.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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47
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Pal L, Bevilacqua K, Norian J, Bowen S, Skorupski J, Santoro N. Dysthymic Mood Parameters Associate With Underlying Cause for Infertility. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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48
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Dillon JS, Lu M, Bowen S, Homan LL. The recombinant rat glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, expressed in an alpha-cell line, is coupled to adenylyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium release. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005; 113:182-9. [PMID: 15789279 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-837526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor is expressed on alpha-cells, though its functional significance is unknown. The endogenous beta-cell GLP-1 receptor is coupled to adenylyl cyclase, cell depolarization, activation of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCC) and extracellular Ca2+ influx (Lu et al., 1993 b). In contrast, the signaling pathways of the GLP-1 receptor in alpha-cells are poorly understood. To determine the signaling mechanisms of the alpha-cell GLP-1 receptor, we established a stable pancreatic islet alpha-cell line expressing the recombinant rat GLP-1 receptor (INR1-SF2), using INRl-G9 cells. These INRl-G9 cells do not express endogenous GLP-1 receptor. In INR1-SF2 cells, GLP-1 bound to the recombinant receptor (Kd = 0.9 nM) and increased cAMP (ED50 = 0.6 nM). GLP-1 increased the free cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) (ED50 = 50 nM) by release from intracellular stores, but did not affect INR1-SF2 cell phosphoinositol turnover. Despite expressing VDCC, the INR1-SF2 cells were not depolarized by GLP-1, even in the presence of glucose. This contrasts with the depolarizing action of GLP-1 in beta-cells in the presence of glucose (Lu et al., 1993 b). This study establishes that a single GLP-1 receptor species can mediate the effects of GLP-1 through multiple signaling pathways, including the adenylyl cyclase system and intracellular Ca2+ release, in an alpha-cell type. Furthermore, since GLP-1 is unable to cause cellular depolarization or activate VDCC in INR1-SF2 cells, these data suggest that glucose-induced membrane depolarization may be crucial for GLP-1 to further activate VDCC and potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin release in beta-cells. Finally this study describes a cell line that can be used as a model system for evaluation of GLP-1 signaling in alpha-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dillon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52246, USA.
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49
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Evans JM, Turner BA, Bowen S, Ho AM, Sarver RW, Benson E, Parker CN. Inhibition of bacterial IF2 binding to fMet-tRNA((fMet)) by aminoglycosides. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2003; 13:993-6. [PMID: 12643896 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(03)00085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Screening for inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis Initiation Factor 2 (IF2) binding to N-formyl-Methionyl-transfer RNA (fMet-tRNA((fMet))) identified a series of aminoglycosides, that included amikacin and kanamycin A1, as inhibitors of this interaction. Subsequent testing revealed that aminoglycosides displayed a wide range of inhibitory activity. However, the failure of these compounds to completely inhibit binding of IF2 to fMet-tRNA((fMet)), the known ability of aminoglycosides to bind RNA, and the ability of the aminoglycosides to displace PicoGreen bound to fMet-tRNA((fMet)) suggest these compounds act by binding fMet-tRNA((fMet)). This hypothesis is further supported by isothermal denaturation experiments that failed to show any interaction between the IF2 protein and the aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Evans
- Global High Throughput Screening, Pharmacia Corp., Kalamazoo, MI 49007, USA
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50
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Dillon JS, Yaney GC, Zhou Y, Voilley N, Bowen S, Chipkin S, Bliss CR, Schultz V, Schuit FC, Prentki M, Waxman DJ, Corkey BE. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and beta-cell function: enhanced glucose-induced insulin secretion and altered gene expression in rodent pancreatic beta-cells. Diabetes 2000; 49:2012-20. [PMID: 11118002 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.49.12.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Administration of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), or its sulfated form (DHEAS), controls hyperglycemia in diabetic rodents without directly altering insulin sensitivity. We show that DHEAS enhanced glucose-stimulated insulin secretion when administered in vivo to rats or in vitro to beta-cell lines, without changing cellular insulin content. Insulin secretion increased from 3 days of steroid exposure in vitro, suggesting that DHEAS did not directly activate the secretory processes. DHEAS selectively increased the beta-cell mRNA expression of acyl CoA synthetase-2 and peroxisomal acyl CoA oxidase in a time-dependent manner. Although DHEAS is a peroxisomal proliferator, it did not alter the mRNA expression of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) alpha or beta, or enhance the activity of transfected PPAR alpha, beta, or gamma in vitro. Thus, DHEAS directly affected the beta-cell to enhance glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and increased the mRNA expression of specific beta-cell mitochondrial and peroxisomal lipid metabolic enzymes. This effect of DHEAS on insulin secretion may contribute to the amelioration of hyperglycemia seen in various rodent models of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dillon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, USA.
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