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Clifford KM, Hobson-Webb LD, Benatar M, Burns TM, Barnett C, Silvestri NJ, Howard JF, Visser A, Crum BA, Nowak R, Beekman R, Kumar A, Ruzhansky K, Chen IHA, Pulley MT, Laboy SM, Fellman MA, Howard DB, Kolb NA, Greene SM, Pasnoor M, Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ, Hehir MK. Thymectomy may not be associated with clinical improvement in MuSK myasthenia gravis. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:404-410. [PMID: 30575980 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A randomized trial demonstrated benefit from thymectomy in nonthymomatous acetylcholine receptor (AChR)-antibody positive myasthenia gravis (MG). Uncontrolled observational and histologic studies suggest thymectomy may not be efficacious in anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK)-MG. METHODS The therapeutic impact of thymectomy was evaluated from data collected for a multicenter, retrospective blinded review of rituximab in MuSK-MG. RESULTS Baseline characteristics were similar between thymectomy (n = 26) and nonthymectomy (n = 29) groups, including treatment with rituximab (42% vs. 45%). At last visit, 35% of thymectomy subjects reached the primary endpoint, a Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status (PIS) score of minimal manifestations (MM) or better, compared with 55% of controls (P = 0.17). After controlling for age at onset of MG, rituximab, prednisone, and intravenous immunoglobulin/plasma exchange treatment, thymectomy was not associated with greater likelihood of favorable clinical outcome (odds ratio = 0.43, 95% confidence interval 0.12-1.53, P = 0.19). DISCUSSION Thymectomy was not associated with additional clinical improvement in this multicenter cohort of MuSK-MG patients. Muscle Nerve 59:404-410, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Clifford
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - Lisa D Hobson-Webb
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ted M Burns
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Carolina Barnett
- Department of Neurology, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Silvestri
- Department of Neurology, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - James F Howard
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amy Visser
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Brian A Crum
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Richard Nowak
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rachel Beekman
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Aditya Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Katherine Ruzhansky
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - I-Hweii Amy Chen
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael T Pulley
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Shannon M Laboy
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Melissa A Fellman
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Diantha B Howard
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - Noah A Kolb
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - Shane M Greene
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Michael K Hehir
- Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 1 South Prospect Street, Burlington, Vermont 05401, USA
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Hehir MK, Hobson-Webb LD, Benatar M, Barnett C, Silvestri NJ, Howard JF, Howard D, Visser A, Crum BA, Nowak R, Beekman R, Kumar A, Ruzhansky K, Chen IHA, Pulley MT, LaBoy SM, Fellman MA, Greene SM, Pasnoor M, Burns TM. Rituximab as treatment for anti-MuSK myasthenia gravis: Multicenter blinded prospective review. Neurology 2017; 89:1069-1077. [PMID: 28801338 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000004341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of rituximab in treatment of anti-muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS This was a multicenter, blinded, prospective review, comparing anti-MuSK-positive patients with MG treated with rituximab to those not treated with rituximab. The primary clinical endpoint was the Myasthenia Gravis Status and Treatment Intensity (MGSTI), a novel outcome that combines the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) postintervention status (PIS) and the number and dosages of other immunosuppressant therapies used. A priori, an MGSTI of level ≤2 was used to define a favorable outcome. Secondary outcomes included modified MGFA PIS of minimal manifestations or better, mean/median prednisone dose, and mean/median doses of other immunosuppressant drugs. RESULTS Seventy-seven of 119 patients with anti-MuSK MG evaluated between January 1, 2005, and January 1, 2015, at 10 neuromuscular centers were selected for analysis after review of limited clinical data by a blinded expert panel. An additional 22 patients were excluded due to insufficient follow-up. Baseline characteristics were similar between the rituximab-treated patients (n = 24) and the controls (n = 31). Median follow-up duration was >3.5 years. At last visit, 58% (14/24) of rituximab-treated patients reached the primary outcome compared to 16% (5/31) of controls (p = 0.002). Number needed to treat for the primary outcome is 2.4. At last visit, 29% of rituximab-treated patients were taking prednisone (mean dose 4.5 mg/day) compared to 74% of controls (mean dose 13 mg/day) (p = 0.001 and p = 0.005). CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE This study provides Class IV evidence that for patients with anti-MuSK MG, rituximab increased the probability of a favorable outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Hehir
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville.
| | - Lisa D Hobson-Webb
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Michael Benatar
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Carolina Barnett
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Nicholas J Silvestri
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - James F Howard
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Diantha Howard
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Amy Visser
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Brian A Crum
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Richard Nowak
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Rachel Beekman
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Aditya Kumar
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Katherine Ruzhansky
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - I-Hweii Amy Chen
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Michael T Pulley
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Shannon M LaBoy
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Melissa A Fellman
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Shane M Greene
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
| | - Ted M Burns
- From the Larner College of Medicine at the University of Vermont (M.K.H., D.H., S.M.G.), Burlington; Duke University School of Medicine (L.D.H.-W.), Durham, NC; University of Miami Health System (M.B., M.A.F.), FL; University of Toronto School of Medicine (C.B.), Canada; SUNY Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine (N.J.S.), NY; UNC School of Medicine (J.F.H.), Chapel Hill, NC; Mayo Clinic (A.V., B.A.C.), Rochester, MN; Yale School of Medicine (R.N., R.B., A.K.), New Haven, CT; Medical University of South Carolina (K.R., I.-H.A.C.), Columbia; University of Florida (M.T.P., S.M.L., Gainesville; University of Kansas Medical Center (M.P.), Kansas City; and University of Virginia School of Medicine (T.M.B.), Charlottesville
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