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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Arunkumar K, Mathiyazhagan N, Sabariswaran K, Arun A, Ramasamy P. Efficacy of Eisenia bicyclis phlorotannins in the treatment of diabetes and reducing inflammation. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Venkateswaran M, Jayabal S, Hemaiswarya S, Murugesan S, Enkateswara S, Doble M, Periyasamy S. Polyphenol-rich Indian ginger cultivars ameliorate GLUT4 activity in C2C12 cells, inhibit diabetes-related enzymes and LPS-induced inflammation: An in vitro study. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13600. [PMID: 33403698 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that results in distorted insulin signaling and microvascular complications. Current antidiabetic drugs possess harmful long term side effects, necessitating the need for alternate or compliment therapy with lesser issues. Medicinal plants such as ginger have been reported to possess several beneficial activities including antidiabetic activity. The antidiabetic efficacy of microwave-assisted polyphenolic extracts of Indian ginger cultivars from Odisha (MPO) and Tamil Nadu (MPT) is reported here. MPT and MPO showed insulin stimulated glucose uptake of 1.74 ± 0.25 and 1.47 ± 0.15 fold at 6.25 µg/ml of concentrations in C2C12 cells respectively when compared to control. MPT possessed α-amylase, α-glucosidase inhibitory and anti-glycation properties. It also showed DPPH radical scavenging activity (7.69 ± 0.001%), inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production (1.06 ± 0.004 fold) than the latter and increased the GLUT4 protein expression by 1.4 fold. Major active compounds such as shogaol and gingerol derivatives, curcumene, zingiberone were identified through GC-ESI/MS analysis and D-pinitol (cyclitol) was identified through HPLC analysis in this variety. This is the first paper to report the presence of an antidiabetic compound, D-pinitol, in the ginger variety. Polyphenol rich, biologically potent ginger extracts can be a good food and nutraceutical supplement to address diabetes and related complications. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ginger is a native spice of South Asian Countries including India. Ginger extracts possess several medicinal properties such as anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities. It is used to treat nausea, vomiting and commonly used as a food flavouring agent and dietary food supplement. Our study shows the antidiabetic, anti-glycation and antioxidant efficacy of polyphenol rich Indian ginger cultivars grown in different geographical regions. Variations in the biological activities between the MPT and MPO ginger variety was observed. Different environmental conditions and their corresponding metabolite accumulation can be correlated with the better activity shown by MPT variety. It showed an increased GLUT4 expression even at a lower dose of 6.25 µg/ml. Ginger cultivar, especially MPT variety can be used as an adjuvant therapy for treating diabetes. Therefore, our study indicates that polyphenols rich ginger cultivar has major application in functional food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasidharan Jayabal
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Selvakumar Murugesan
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, BIT-Campus, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | - Subudhi Enkateswara
- Center for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Bioengineering and Drug Design Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
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Subramani M, Ramamoorthy G, Hemaiswarya S, Waidha K, Brindha J, Balamurali MM, Doble M, Rajendran S. Hydroxy Piperlongumines: Synthesis, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic Effect on Human Cancer Cell Lines, Inhibitory Action and ADMET Studies. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muthuraman Subramani
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - Gayathri Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Kamran Waidha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Sector-125 Noida 201303 India
| | - J. Brindha
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - M. M. Balamurali
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Technology Madras Tamilnadu 600036 India
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Chemistry division School of Advanced Sciences Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai 600127 Tamilnadu India
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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Sridhar S, Alagarsamy A, Ganesan V, Elumalai S, Carvalho IS. Evaluation of Proximate Composition, Antioxidant Properties, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Two Edible Seaweeds. Smart Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/23080477.2020.1795338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Raja
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Food Science Laboratory, FCT, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | | | - Sekaran Sridhar
- Department of Botany, Government Arts College, Tiruvannamalai, India
| | - Arun Alagarsamy
- Department of Microbiology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | | | - Sanniyasi Elumalai
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Isabel S Carvalho
- MED-Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, Food Science Laboratory, FCT, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Ganesan V, Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Carvalho IS, Anand N. Isolation and characterization of two novel plasmids pCYM01 and pCYM02 of Cylindrospermum stagnale. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:535-542. [PMID: 31889879 PMCID: PMC6933252 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria play a vital role in supplying nitrogen into the soil and aquatic ecosystem. It has an extra chromosomal DNA, whose role is not yet defined well. Isolation and characterization of extra chromosomal DNA in cyanobacteria might help to understand its survival mechanism. Cylindrospermum stagnale isolated (and deposited in NRMCF 3001) from soil showed presence of four plasmids namely pCYLM01, pCYLM02, pCYLM03, and pCYLM04. The following plasmids pCYLM01 and pCYLM02 were subjected to restriction digestion using HindIII restriction enzyme and cloned into pBlueScriptSK(-) vector. The sequence of pCYLM01 contained 4 potential open reading frames (ORFs) that have amino acids in the range of 59–299. Among them, ORF1 shows high sequence homology to the bacterial replication initiator family protein as evident from BLASTP analysis. The analysis of 4359 bp plasmid pCYLM02 sequence revealed 7 ORFs which are longer than 50 amino acids in length. The ORF2 of pCYLM02 has 243 amino acids and is represented in the plasmid sequence from 3045 to 3776 bp. The ORF3 of pCYLM02 corresponds to the plasmid sequence from 2323 to 2976 and codes for a putative protein of 217 amino acids long. A number of small ORFs below 50 bp were also found in the sequence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesan Ganesan
- Acme ProGen Biotech (India) Private Limited, Balaji Nagar, Salem 636 004, India.,Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
| | - Rathinam Raja
- Food Science Laboratory, Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, FCT, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro 8005 139, Portugal
| | | | - Isabel S Carvalho
- Food Science Laboratory, Center for Mediterranean Bioresources and Food, FCT, University of Algarve, Gambelas, Faro 8005 139, Portugal
| | - Narayanaswamy Anand
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Reddy MR, Hemaiswarya S, Kommidi H, Aidhen IS, Doble M. Acyl and Benzyl-C-
β-D-
Glucosides: Synthesis and Biostudies for Glucose-Uptake-Promoting Activity in C2C12 Mytotubes. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600036 Chennai India
| | - Harikrishna Kommidi
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600036 Chennai India
| | - Indrapal Singh Aidhen
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600036 Chennai India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology; Indian Institute of Technology Madras; 600036 Chennai India
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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Ganesan V, Carvalho IS. Internal Transcribed sequence (ITS) of Halocafeteria seosinensis (Bicosoecids). Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjbas.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
The cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) are photosynthetic prokaryotes having applications in human health with numerous biological activities and as a dietary supplement. It is used as a food supplement because of its richness in nutrients and digestibility. Many cyanobacteria (Microcystis sp, Anabaena sp, Nostoc sp, Oscillatoria sp., etc.) produce a great variety of secondary metabolites with potent biological activities. Cyanobacteria produce biologically active and chemically diverse compounds belonging to cyclic peptides, lipopeptides, fatty acid amides, alkaloids and saccharides. More than 50% of the marine cyanobacteria are potentially exploitable for extracting bioactive substances which are effective in killing cancer cells by inducing apoptotic death. Their role as anti-viral, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, anti-HIV and a food additive have also been well established. However, such products are at different stages of clinical trials and only a few compounds have reached to the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Raja
- a Food Science Lab, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal and
| | - Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- a Food Science Lab, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal and
| | | | - Isabel S Carvalho
- a Food Science Lab, Meditbio, Faculty of Sciences and Technology , University of Algarve , Faro , Portugal and
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Hemaiswarya S, Raja R, Carvalho IS, Ravikumar R, Zambare V, Barh D. An Indian scenario on renewable and sustainable energy sources with emphasis on algae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 96:1125-35. [PMID: 23070650 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
India is the fifth largest primary energy consumer and fourth largest petroleum consumer after USA, China, and Japan. Despite the global economic crisis, India's economy is expected to grow at 6 to 8 %/year. There is an extreme dependence on petroleum products with considerable risks and environmental issues. Petroleum-derived transport fuels are of limited availability and contribute to global warming, making renewable biofuel as the best alternative. The focus on biogas and biomass-based energy, such as bioethanol and biohydrogen, will enhance cost-effectiveness and provide an opportunity for the rural community. Among all energy sources, microalgae have received, so far, more attention due to their facile adaptability to grow in the photobioreactors or open ponds, high yields, and multiple applications. Microalgae can produce a substantial amount of triacylglycerols as a storage lipid under photooxidative stress or other adverse environmental conditions. In addition to renewable biofuels, they can provide different types of high-value bioproducts added to their advantages, such as higher photosynthetic efficiency, higher biomass production, and faster growth compared to any other energy crops. The viability of first-generation biofuels production is, however, questionable because of the conflict with food supply. In the future, biofuels should ideally create the environmental, economic, and social benefits to the communities and reflect energy efficiency so as to plan a road map for the industry to produce third-generation biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemaiswarya
- IBB/CGB-Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Food Science Laboratory, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
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Hemaiswarya S, Soudaminikkutty R, Narasumani ML, Doble M. Phenylpropanoids inhibit protofilament formation of Escherichia coli cell division protein FtsZ. J Med Microbiol 2011; 60:1317-1325. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.030536-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Rohini Soudaminikkutty
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | | | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Abstract
Phenylpropanoids constitute a large part of our daily diet and there is a possibility that they might interact with synthetic drugs. The present work was aimed at studying the interaction of seven phenylpropanoids (cinnamic, p-coumaric, caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic and 2,4,5-trimethoxycinnamic acid) with five antibiotics (amikacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and vancomycin) against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The interaction studies were performed by chequerboard and time–kill curve assays. Both assays revealed that cinnamic, p-coumaric and ferulic acids were the most active. They combined synergistically with the majority of the antibiotics and exhibited enhanced activity against all the micro-organisms. The time–kill curve parameters were better (P<0.05) for the combinations of amikacin with ferulic, cinnamic or p-coumaric acid than for the individual treatments. Amikacin was the most favourable antibiotic and S. aureus was the most sensitive microbe to most of the combinations. These phenylpropanoids damaged the bacterial membrane as assessed by the LIVE/DEAD
BacLight kit, and structure–activity relationship studies indicated that hydrophilic groups enhanced this activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
| | - Mukesh Doble
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Hemaiswarya S, Doble M. Synergistic interaction of eugenol with antibiotics against Gram negative bacteria. Phytomedicine 2009; 16:997-1005. [PMID: 19540744 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2009] [Revised: 03/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Eugenol, the principal chemical component of clove oil from Eugenia aromatica has been long known for its analgesic, local anesthetic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial effects. The interaction of the eugenol with ten different hydrophobic and hydrophilic antibiotics was studied against five different Gram negative bacteria. The MIC of the combination was found to decrease by a factor of 5-1000 with respect to their individual MIC. This synergy is because of the membrane damaging nature of eugenol, where 1mM of its concentration is able to damage nearly 50% of the bacterial membrane. Eugenol was also able to enhance the activities of lysozyme, Triton X-100 and SDS in damaging the bacterial cell membrane. The hydrophilic antibiotics such as vancomycin and beta-lactam antibiotics which have a marginal activity on these gram negative bacteria exhibit an enhanced antibacterial activity when pretreated with eugenol. Reduced usage of antibiotics could be employed as a treatment strategy to slow down the onset of antibiotic resistance as well as decrease its toxicity. Experiments performed with human blood cells indicated that the concentration of eugenol used for the combination studies were below its cytotoxic values. Pharmacodynamic studies of the combinations need to be performed to decide on the effective dosage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Kumar NA, Sridhar S, Rengasamy R. A Perspective on the Biotechnological Potential of Microalgae. Crit Rev Microbiol 2008; 34:77-88. [DOI: 10.1080/10408410802086783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Antibiotics have been effective in treating infectious diseases, but resistance to these drugs has led to the emergence of new and the reemergence of old infectious diseases. One strategy employed to overcome these resistance mechanisms is the use of combination of drugs, such as beta-lactams together with beta-lactamase inhibitors. Several plant extracts have exhibited synergistic activity against microorganisms. This review describes in detail, the observed synergy and mechanism of action between natural products including flavonoids and essential oils and synthetic drugs in effectively combating bacterial, fungal and mycobacterial infections. The mode of action of combination differs significantly than that of the same drugs acting individually; hence isolating a single component may lose its importance thereby simplifying the task of pharma industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Hemaiswarya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Balasubramanyam D, Rengasamy R. Protective effect of Dunaliella salina (Volvocales, Chlorophyta) against experimentally induced fibrosarcoma on wistar rats. Microbiol Res 2007; 162:177-84. [PMID: 16713216 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2006.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2006] [Accepted: 03/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The beta-carotene-yielding microalga, Dunaliella salina (Dunal) Teod. maintained in De Walne's medium was harvested and lyophilized. Fibrosarcoma was induced in rats by 20-methylcholanthrene. 0.5 g and 1.0 g of lyophilized D. salina powder was administered to the rats orally through carboxy methyl cellulose. Cisplatin was administered along with vitamin E to compare the protective effect of D. salina against fibrosarcoma. Administration of D. salina decreased the levels of cholesterol and lactate dehydrogenase as well as the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, serum aspartate aminotransaminase, serum alanine aminotransferase, when compared to control. A significant reduction in the levels of hepatic and renal RNA and DNA was observed in the sarcoma rats when treated with D. salina powder. Histopathological studies of tumor tissues showed regenerative and regressive changes. beta-carotene globules isolated from the powder of Dunaliella salina confirmed the presence of 9-cis-beta-carotene and all-trans-beta-carotene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rathinam Raja
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India.
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Raja R, Hemaiswarya S, Rengasamy R. Exploitation of Dunaliella for beta-carotene production. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 74:517-23. [PMID: 17225103 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-006-0777-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2006] [Accepted: 11/19/2006] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Halotolerant microalga Dunaliella, which is exploited for the production of dried biomass or cell extract, is used as a medicinal food. With the advancement in this field in recent years, the production of bio-organic compounds such as beta-carotene is established in many countries. Large-scale production of beta-carotene is controlled by numerous stress factors like high light intensity, high salinity, temperature and availability of nutrients. The state-of-the-art strategies in industries in closed systems under new set of inductive factors will additionally promote the ease of commercial production of beta-carotene. This review mainly focuses on the different methodologies employed recently for the optimum production of beta-carotene from Dunaliella species.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Raja
- Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600 025, India.
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