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Clark MS, Hoffman JI, Peck LS, Bargelloni L, Gande D, Havermans C, Meyer B, Patarnello T, Phillips T, Stoof-Leichsenring KR, Vendrami DLJ, Beck A, Collins G, Friedrich MW, Halanych KM, Masello JF, Nagel R, Norén K, Printzen C, Ruiz MB, Wohlrab S, Becker B, Dumack K, Ghaderiardakani F, Glaser K, Heesch S, Held C, John U, Karsten U, Kempf S, Lucassen M, Paijmans A, Schimani K, Wallberg A, Wunder LC, Mock T. Multi-omics for studying and understanding polar life. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7451. [PMID: 37978186 PMCID: PMC10656552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43209-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polar ecosystems are experiencing amongst the most rapid rates of regional warming on Earth. Here, we discuss 'omics' approaches to investigate polar biodiversity, including the current state of the art, future perspectives and recommendations. We propose a community road map to generate and more fully exploit multi-omics data from polar organisms. These data are needed for the comprehensive evaluation of polar biodiversity and to reveal how life evolved and adapted to permanently cold environments with extreme seasonality. We argue that concerted action is required to mitigate the impact of warming on polar ecosystems via conservation efforts, to sustainably manage these unique habitats and their ecosystem services, and for the sustainable bioprospecting of novel genes and compounds for societal gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Clark
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - J I Hoffman
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
| | - L S Peck
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK.
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - D Gande
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry & MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - C Havermans
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - B Meyer
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 23129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - T Patarnello
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, Università degli Studi di Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, I-35020, Legnaro, Italy
| | - T Phillips
- British Antarctic Survey, UKRI-NERC, High Cross, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ET, UK
| | - K R Stoof-Leichsenring
- Alfred-Wegener-Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - D L J Vendrami
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A Beck
- Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Botanische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-BSM), Menzinger Str. 67, 80638, München, Germany
| | - G Collins
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre & Loewe-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research, 231 Morrin Road St Johns, Auckland, 1072, New Zealand
| | - M W Friedrich
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry & MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - K M Halanych
- Center for Marine Science, University of North Carolina, 5600 Marvin K. Moss Lane, Wilmington, NC, 28409, USA
| | - J F Masello
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | - R Nagel
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9TH, UK
| | - K Norén
- Department of Zoology, Stockholm University, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Printzen
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre & Loewe-Centre for Translational Biodiversity Genomics, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M B Ruiz
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Universität Duisburg-Essen, Universitätstrasse 5, 45151, Essen, Germany
| | - S Wohlrab
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), 23129, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - B Becker
- Universität zu Köln, Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 60674, Köln, Germany
| | - K Dumack
- Universität zu Köln, Terrestrische Ökologie, Zülpicher Str. 47b, 60674, Köln, Germany
| | - F Ghaderiardakani
- Institute for Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Lessingstraße 8, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - K Glaser
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Heesch
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - C Held
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - U John
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - U Karsten
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Applied Ecology and Phycology, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - S Kempf
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - M Lucassen
- Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570, Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - A Paijmans
- Universität Bielefeld, VHF, Konsequenz 45, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - K Schimani
- Botanischer Garten und Botanisches Museum Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Wallberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - L C Wunder
- Microbial Ecophysiology Group, Faculty of Biology/Chemistry & MARUM, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße 3, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Mock
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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2
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Abstract
Behaviors, treatments, and self-management strategies used by patients and caregivers at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Hamilton
- At Penn Medicine Princeton Health in Plainsboro, N.J., Brielle Hamilton is a nurse manager on the telemetry unit; Charul Yadav is the heart failure coordinator; Deanna Gomez is a clinical nurse on the telemetry unit; Karyn A. Book is the assistant vice president and associate CNO; Lisa Motavalli is a physician; Craig Gronczewski is the senior vice president of medical affairs and chief medical officer; Sheila Kempf is the vice president and CNO, and Kari A. Mastro is the director of practice, innovation, and research. Nicholas Giordano is an assistant professor at Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing Emory University in Atlanta, Ga
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3
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Polomano RC, Giordano NA, Miyamoto S, Trautman D, Kempf S, Nuzzo PM. Emerging roles for research intensive PhD prepared nurses: Beyond faculty positions. J Prof Nurs 2020; 37:235-240. [PMID: 33674101 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Research-intensive PhD programs need to prepare nurse scientists to bridge the chasms between research, and practice and policy in an increasingly complex healthcare system. In practice, nurse scientists are critical to building capacity for research, promoting excellence in patient-centered care, and achieving or exceeding national quality benchmarks. Moreover, they provide methodological expertise and insight to address pressing clinical questions. PhD-prepared nurses also leverage their research expertise and practice knowledge to transform health policy in roles as organizational executives and leaders, advocates, and communicators. Re-envisioning nursing PhD curricula is required to ensure that PhD students are capable of not only conducting rigorous and impactful science, but launching careers across sectors of healthcare. Here, we summarize viewpoints of a special session from the October 2019 PhD Summit "Re-Envisioning PhD Programs of the Future" sponsored by the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and literature to invigorate thinking about ways to promote career transitions into nontraditional vital positions for nurse scientists. Advancing the health of patients and communities depends on preparing the next generation of nurse scientist to pursue career trajectories outside of traditional academic institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary C Polomano
- Pain Practice, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, 418 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4217, United States of America.
| | - Nicholas A Giordano
- Emory University Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, 1520 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Miyamoto
- American Academy of Nursing, 1000 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 910, Washington, DC 20005-4903, United States of America
| | - Deborah Trautman
- American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), 655 K Street, NW, Suite 750, Washington, DC 20001, United States of America
| | - Sheila Kempf
- Penn Medicine Princeton Health, 1 Plainsboro Road, Plainsboro, NJ 08536, United States of America
| | - Paula Milone Nuzzo
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Institute of Health Professionals, 36 1st Avenue, Boston, MA 02129-4557, United States of America
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4
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Loidl M, Beyer J, Bockhorn L, Enss C, Kempf S, Kossert K, Mariam R, Nähle O, Paulsen M, Ranitzsch P, Rodrigues M, Schmidt M. Beta spectrometry with metallic magnetic calorimeters in the framework of the European EMPIR project MetroBeta. Appl Radiat Isot 2019; 153:108830. [PMID: 31437722 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the European Metrology Research Project MetroBeta is to improve the knowledge of the shapes of beta spectra, both in terms of theoretical calculation and measurement. The precise knowledge of beta spectra is required for the activity standardisation of pure beta emitters. Metallic magnetic calorimeters (MMCs), a type of cryogenic detectors, with the beta emitter embedded in the absorber have proven to be among the best beta spectrometers, in particular for low-energy beta transitions. Within this project, new designs of MMCs optimized for five different beta energy ranges were developed and a new detector module was constructed. The beta spectra of 151Sm, 14C and 99Tc have been measured so far; additional measurements with 36Cl are under preparation. Improved theoretical calculation methods and complementary measurement techniques complete the project.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Loidl
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France.
| | - J Beyer
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Bockhorn
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - C Enss
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kempf
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 227, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - K Kossert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - R Mariam
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - O Nähle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Paulsen
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
| | - P Ranitzsch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Rodrigues
- CEA, LIST, Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNE-LNHB), CEA-Saclay, 91191, Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Abbestrasse 2-12, 10587, Berlin, Germany
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5
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Buratti BJ, Thomas PC, Roussos E, Howett C, Seiß M, Hendrix AR, Helfenstein P, Brown RH, Clark RN, Denk T, Filacchione G, Hoffmann H, Jones GH, Khawaja N, Kollmann P, Krupp N, Lunine J, Momary TW, Paranicas C, Postberg F, Sachse M, Spahn F, Spencer J, Srama R, Albin T, Baines KH, Ciarniello M, Economou T, Hsu HW, Kempf S, Krimigis SM, Mitchell D, Moragas-Klostermeyer G, Nicholson PD, Porco CC, Rosenberg H, Simolka J, Soderblom LA. Close Cassini flybys of Saturn’s ring moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus. Science 2019; 364:science.aat2349. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Saturn’s main ring system is associated with a set of small moons that either are embedded within it or interact with the rings to alter their shape and composition. Five close flybys of the moons Pan, Daphnis, Atlas, Pandora, and Epimetheus were performed between December 2016 and April 2017 during the ring-grazing orbits of the Cassini mission. Data on the moons’ morphology, structure, particle environment, and composition were returned, along with images in the ultraviolet and thermal infrared. We find that the optical properties of the moons’ surfaces are determined by two competing processes: contamination by a red material formed in Saturn’s main ring system and accretion of bright icy particles or water vapor from volcanic plumes originating on the moon Enceladus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. J. Buratti
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - P. C. Thomas
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - E. Roussos
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - C. Howett
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - M. Seiß
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - P. Helfenstein
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - R. H. Brown
- Lunar and Planetary Lab, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - R. N. Clark
- Planetary Sciences Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - T. Denk
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - H. Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - N. Khawaja
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P. Kollmann
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N. Krupp
- Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - J. Lunine
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - T. W. Momary
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - C. Paranicas
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - F. Postberg
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M. Sachse
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - F. Spahn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - J. Spencer
- Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - R. Srama
- University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - T. Albin
- University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K. H. Baines
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | | | - T. Economou
- Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - H.-W. Hsu
- Physics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - S. Kempf
- Physics Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80303, USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | - D. Mitchell
- Applied Physics Laboratory, Johns Hopkins University, Laurel, MD 20723, USA
| | | | - P. D. Nicholson
- Cornell Center for Astrophysics and Planetary Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - C. C. Porco
- Space Sciences Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA, and Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - H. Rosenberg
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, 12249 Berlin, Germany
| | - J. Simolka
- University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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6
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Ranitzsch PCO, Hassel C, Wegner M, Hengstler D, Kempf S, Fleischmann A, Enss C, Gastaldo L, Herlert A, Johnston K. Characterization of the ^{163}Ho Electron Capture Spectrum: A Step Towards the Electron Neutrino Mass Determination. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:122501. [PMID: 29341650 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.122501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The isotope ^{163}Ho is in many ways the best candidate to perform experiments to investigate the value of the electron neutrino mass. It undergoes an electron capture process to ^{163}Dy with an energy available to the decay, Q_{EC}, of about 2.8 keV. According to the present knowledge, this is the lowest Q_{EC} value for such transitions. Here we discuss a newly obtained spectrum of ^{163}Ho, taken by cryogenic metallic magnetic calorimeters with ^{163}Ho implanted in the absorbers and operated in anticoincident mode for background reduction. For the first time, the atomic deexcitation of the ^{163}Dy daughter atom following the capture of electrons from the 5s shell in ^{163}Ho, the OI line, was observed with a calorimetric measurement. The peak energy is determined to be 48 eV. In addition, a precise determination of the energy available for the decay Q_{EC}=(2.858±0.010_{stat}±0.05_{syst}) keV was obtained by analyzing the intensities of the lines in the spectrum. This value is in good agreement with the measurement of the mass difference between ^{163}Ho and ^{163}Dy obtained by Penning-trap mass spectrometry, demonstrating the reliability of the calorimetric technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C-O Ranitzsch
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Hassel
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Wegner
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Hengstler
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kempf
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Fleischmann
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Enss
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Gastaldo
- Kirchhoff-Institute for Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Herlert
- Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
| | - K Johnston
- Physics Department, CERN, 1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
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7
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Altobelli N, Postberg F, Fiege K, Trieloff M, Kimura H, Sterken VJ, Hsu HW, Hillier J, Khawaja N, Moragas-Klostermeyer G, Blum J, Burton M, Srama R, Kempf S, Gruen E. Flux and composition of interstellar dust at Saturn from Cassini's Cosmic Dust Analyzer. Science 2016; 352:312-8. [PMID: 27081064 DOI: 10.1126/science.aac6397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Interstellar dust (ISD) is the condensed phase of the interstellar medium. In situ data from the Cosmic Dust Analyzer on board the Cassini spacecraft reveal that the Saturnian system is passed by ISD grains from our immediate interstellar neighborhood, the local interstellar cloud. We determine the mass distribution of 36 interstellar grains, their elemental composition, and a lower limit for the ISD flux at Saturn. Mass spectra and grain dynamics suggest the presence of magnesium-rich grains of silicate and oxide composition, partly with iron inclusions. Major rock-forming elements (magnesium, silicon, iron, and calcium) are present in cosmic abundances, with only small grain-to-grain variations, but sulfur and carbon are depleted. The ISD grains in the solar neighborhood appear to be homogenized, likely by repeated processing in the interstellar medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Altobelli
- European Space Agency, European Space Astronomy Centre, Madrid, Spain.
| | - F Postberg
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - K Fiege
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Georgia Institute of Technology, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M Trieloff
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Klaus-Tschira-Labor für Kosmochemie, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Kimura
- Kobe University, Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan
| | - V J Sterken
- International Space Sciences Institute, Bern, Switzerland
| | - H-W Hsu
- University of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - N Khawaja
- Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - J Blum
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - M Burton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - R Srama
- Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Kempf
- University of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - E Gruen
- Institut für Geowissenschaften, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany. University of Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
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8
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Dalke C, Rößler U, Neff F, Greiter M, Gomolka M, Hornhardt S, Unger K, Garrett L, Rosemann M, Kempf S, Azimzadeh O, Wurst W, Aubele M, Zitzelsberger H, Hölter S, Tapio S, Hoeschen C, Kulka U, Atkinson M, Graw J. Lifetime study in mice for radiation-induced cataracts. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Dalke
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Developmental Genetics; Neuherberg Germany
| | - U. Rößler
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health SG1.1; Federal Office for Radiation Protection; Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - F. Neff
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Pathology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - M. Greiter
- Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - M. Gomolka
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health SG1.1; Federal Office for Radiation Protection; Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - S. Hornhardt
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health SG1.1; Federal Office for Radiation Protection; Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - K. Unger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - L. Garrett
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Developmental Genetics; Neuherberg Germany
| | - M. Rosemann
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - S. Kempf
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - O. Azimzadeh
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - W. Wurst
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Developmental Genetics; Neuherberg Germany
| | - M. Aubele
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Pathology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - H. Zitzelsberger
- Research Unit of Radiation Cytogenetics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - S. Hölter
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Developmental Genetics; Neuherberg Germany
| | - S. Tapio
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - C. Hoeschen
- Research Unit Medical Radiation Physics and Diagnostics; Helmholtz Zentrum München; Neuherberg Germany
| | - U. Kulka
- Department of Radiation Protection and Health SG1.1; Federal Office for Radiation Protection; Oberschleißheim Germany
| | - M. Atkinson
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Radiation Biology; Neuherberg Germany
| | - J. Graw
- Helmholtz Zentrum München; Institute of Developmental Genetics; Neuherberg Germany
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9
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O'Brien L, Auer S, Gemer A, Grün E, Horanyi M, Juhasz A, Kempf S, Malaspina D, Mocker A, Moebius E, Srama R, Sternovsky Z. Development of the nano-dust analyzer (NDA) for detection and compositional analysis of nanometer-size dust particles originating in the inner heliosphere. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:035113. [PMID: 24689626 DOI: 10.1063/1.4868506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer is developed for the detection and chemical analysis of nanometer-sized particles originating near the Sun. Nano-dust particles are thought to be produced by mutual collisions between interplanetary dust particles slowly spiraling toward the Sun and are accelerated outward to high velocities by interaction with the solar wind plasma. The WAVES instruments on the two STEREO spacecraft reported the detection, strong temporal variation, and potentially high flux of these particles. Here we report on the optimization and the results from the detailed characterization of the instrument's performance using submicrometer sized dust particles accelerated to 8-60 km/s. The Nano Dust Analyzer (NDA) concept is derived from previously developed detectors. It has a 200 cm(2) effective target area and a mass resolution of approximately m/Δm = 50. The NDA instrument is designed to reliably detect and analyze nanometer-sized dust particles while being pointed close to the Sun's direction, from where they are expected to arrive. Measurements by such an instrument will determine the size-dependent flux of the nano-dust particles and its variations, it will characterize the composition of the nano-dust and, ultimately, it may determine their source. The flight version of the NDA instrument is estimated to be <5 kg and requires <10 W for operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O'Brien
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - S Auer
- A&M Associates, Bayse, Virginia 22810, USA
| | - A Gemer
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - E Grün
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - M Horanyi
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - A Juhasz
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - S Kempf
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - D Malaspina
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - A Mocker
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
| | - E Moebius
- Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, USA
| | - R Srama
- Institute of Space Systems, University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Z Sternovsky
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80303, USA
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Hillier JK, Postberg F, Sestak S, Srama R, Kempf S, Trieloff M, Sternovsky Z, Green SF. Impact ionization mass spectra of anorthite cosmic dust analogue particles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012je004077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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11
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Hsu HW, Postberg F, Kempf S, Trieloff M, Burton M, Roy M, Moragas-Klostermeyer G, Srama R. Stream particles as the probe of the dust-plasma-magnetosphere interaction at Saturn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011ja016488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-W. Hsu
- MPI für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Geowissenschaften; Ruprecht-Karls Universität; Heidelberg Germany
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - F. Postberg
- MPI für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Geowissenschaften; Ruprecht-Karls Universität; Heidelberg Germany
| | - S. Kempf
- MPI für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
- Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik; Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - M. Trieloff
- Institut für Geowissenschaften; Ruprecht-Karls Universität; Heidelberg Germany
| | - M. Burton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Roy
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. Moragas-Klostermeyer
- MPI für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Srama
- MPI für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
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12
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Hsu HW, Kempf S, Postberg F, Trieloff M, Burton M, Roy M, Moragas-Klostermeyer G, Srama R. Cassini dust stream particle measurements during the first three orbits at Saturn. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010ja015959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H.-W. Hsu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Geowissenschaften; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Heidelberg Germany
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - S. Kempf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Geophysik und Extraterrestrische Physik; Universität Braunschweig; Braunschweig Germany
| | - F. Postberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Geowissenschaften; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Heidelberg Germany
| | - M. Trieloff
- Institut für Geowissenschaften; Ruprecht-Karls-Universität; Heidelberg Germany
| | - M. Burton
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. Roy
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - G. Moragas-Klostermeyer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics; University of Colorado at Boulder; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - R. Srama
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik; Heidelberg Germany
- Institut für Raumfahrtsysteme; Universität Stuttgart; Stuttgart Germany
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Cuzzi JN, Burns JA, Charnoz S, Clark RN, Colwell JE, Dones L, Esposito LW, Filacchione G, French RG, Hedman MM, Kempf S, Marouf EA, Murray CD, Nicholson PD, Porco CC, Schmidt J, Showalter MR, Spilker LJ, Spitale JN, Srama R, Sremčević M, Tiscareno MS, Weiss J. An Evolving View of Saturn’s Dynamic Rings. Science 2010; 327:1470-5. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1179118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. N. Cuzzi
- Ames Research Center, NASA, Mail Stop 245-3, Moffett Field, CA 94035–1000, USA
| | - J. A. Burns
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - S. Charnoz
- Laboratoire Astrophysique Instrumentation Modélisation, Université Paris Diderot/Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique/CNRS, 91191 Gif sur Yvette Cedex, France
| | - R. N. Clark
- U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, CO 80225, USA
| | - J. E. Colwell
- Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - L. Dones
- Department of Space Studies, Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - L. W. Esposito
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0392, USA
| | - G. Filacchione
- Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - R. G. French
- Astronomy Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02481, USA
| | - M. M. Hedman
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - S. Kempf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - E. A. Marouf
- Electrical Engineering Department, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA 95192, USA
| | - C. D. Murray
- Astronomy Unit, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - P. D. Nicholson
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - C. C. Porco
- Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - J. Schmidt
- Institute for Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - L. J. Spilker
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA
| | - J. N. Spitale
- Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - R. Srama
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - M. Sremčević
- Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309–0392, USA
| | - M. S. Tiscareno
- Department of Astronomy, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - J. Weiss
- Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPS), Space Science Institute, Boulder, CO 80301, USA
- Carleton College, Northfield, MN 55057, USA
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Fleischmann L, Linck M, Burck A, Domesle C, Kempf S, Rodrigues M, Pabinger A, Pies C, Porst JP, Rotzinger H, Schäfer S, Weldle R, Fleischmann A, Enss C, Seidel GM. Physics and applications of metallic magnetic calorimeters for particle detection. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/150/1/012013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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15
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Jones GH, Roussos E, Krupp N, Beckmann U, Coates AJ, Crary F, Dandouras I, Dikarev V, Dougherty MK, Garnier P, Hansen CJ, Hendrix AR, Hospodarsky GB, Johnson RE, Kempf S, Khurana KK, Krimigis SM, Krüger H, Kurth WS, Lagg A, McAndrews HJ, Mitchell DG, Paranicas C, Postberg F, Russell CT, Saur J, Seiß M, Spahn F, Srama R, Strobel DF, Tokar R, Wahlund JE, Wilson RJ, Woch J, Young D. The Dust Halo of Saturn's Largest Icy Moon, Rhea. Science 2008; 319:1380-4. [PMID: 18323452 DOI: 10.1126/science.1151524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. H. Jones
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - E. Roussos
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - N. Krupp
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - U. Beckmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - A. J. Coates
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - F. Crary
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - I. Dandouras
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - V. Dikarev
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - M. K. Dougherty
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - P. Garnier
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - C. J. Hansen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - A. R. Hendrix
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - G. B. Hospodarsky
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - R. E. Johnson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - S. Kempf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - K. K. Khurana
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - S. M. Krimigis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - H. Krüger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - W. S. Kurth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - A. Lagg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - H. J. McAndrews
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - D. G. Mitchell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - C. Paranicas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - F. Postberg
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - C. T. Russell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - J. Saur
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - M. Seiß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - F. Spahn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - R. Srama
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - D. F. Strobel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - R. Tokar
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - J.-E. Wahlund
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - R. J. Wilson
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - J. Woch
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
| | - D. Young
- Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau, Germany
- Mullard Space Science Laboratory, Department of Space and Climate Physics, University College London, Holmbury St. Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK
- Centre for Planetary Sciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Max Planck Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- Southwest Research Institute, Culebra Road, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA
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Rempp H, Clasen S, Voigtländer M, Kempf S, Weihusen A, Enderle MD, Goldberg SN, Claussen SN, Pereira PL. Kryothermie-Hybrid-System mit intern gasgekühltem Applikator zur Radiofrequenzablation. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-977319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Jacobs R, Hintzen G, Kemper A, Beul K, Kempf S, Behrens G, Sykora KW, Schmidt RE. CD56bright cells differ in their KIR repertoire and cytotoxic features from CD56dim NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2001. [PMID: 11592089 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(2001010)31:10%3c3121::aid-immu3121%3e3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In this study we present new differential characteristics of NK cells expressing CD56 surface antigen in low (CD56dim) or high (CD56bright) density. In contrast to CD56bright NK cells CD56dim cells express killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) such as CD158a, CD158b, and NKB1. However, c-type lectin-like receptors (KLR) CD94/NKG2 and CD161 are present on both subsets. The ability to form conjugates with susceptible targets is approximately twice as strongly pronounced in CD56dim vs. CD56bright NK cells. Last but not least, granules of CD56dim cells contain about tenfold more perforin and granzyme A enabling potentially more effective cytolysis compared to CD56bright NK cells. On the other hand, CD56bright NK cells are superior in producing the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma (28.5% vs. 20.8%, p<0.05) and TNF-alpha (28% vs. 15.8%, p<0.001). The different NK cell populations retained their specific phenotype in vitro during culture in the presence of IL-2 contradicting that they simply display different stages of maturity. Taken together our data support the view that CD56bright cells are specialized NK cells that regulate immunological response mechanisms rather by cytokine supply than by their cytotoxic potential. The poor cytolytic capacity of CD56bright NK cells can be explained by weak ability in forming conjugates with target cells and low contents of perforin and granzyme A in their granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Jacobs R, Hintzen G, Kemper A, Beul K, Kempf S, Behrens G, Sykora KW, Schmidt RE. CD56bright cells differ in their KIR repertoire and cytotoxic features from CD56dim NK cells. Eur J Immunol 2001. [PMID: 11592089 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(2001010)31:10<3121::aid-immu3121>3.0.co;2-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In this study we present new differential characteristics of NK cells expressing CD56 surface antigen in low (CD56dim) or high (CD56bright) density. In contrast to CD56bright NK cells CD56dim cells express killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) such as CD158a, CD158b, and NKB1. However, c-type lectin-like receptors (KLR) CD94/NKG2 and CD161 are present on both subsets. The ability to form conjugates with susceptible targets is approximately twice as strongly pronounced in CD56dim vs. CD56bright NK cells. Last but not least, granules of CD56dim cells contain about tenfold more perforin and granzyme A enabling potentially more effective cytolysis compared to CD56bright NK cells. On the other hand, CD56bright NK cells are superior in producing the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma (28.5% vs. 20.8%, p<0.05) and TNF-alpha (28% vs. 15.8%, p<0.001). The different NK cell populations retained their specific phenotype in vitro during culture in the presence of IL-2 contradicting that they simply display different stages of maturity. Taken together our data support the view that CD56bright cells are specialized NK cells that regulate immunological response mechanisms rather by cytokine supply than by their cytotoxic potential. The poor cytolytic capacity of CD56bright NK cells can be explained by weak ability in forming conjugates with target cells and low contents of perforin and granzyme A in their granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Abstract
In this study we present new differential characteristics of NK cells expressing CD56 surface antigen in low (CD56dim) or high (CD56bright) density. In contrast to CD56bright NK cells CD56dim cells express killer cell immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIR) such as CD158a, CD158b, and NKB1. However, c-type lectin-like receptors (KLR) CD94/NKG2 and CD161 are present on both subsets. The ability to form conjugates with susceptible targets is approximately twice as strongly pronounced in CD56dim vs. CD56bright NK cells. Last but not least, granules of CD56dim cells contain about tenfold more perforin and granzyme A enabling potentially more effective cytolysis compared to CD56bright NK cells. On the other hand, CD56bright NK cells are superior in producing the proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma (28.5% vs. 20.8%, p<0.05) and TNF-alpha (28% vs. 15.8%, p<0.001). The different NK cell populations retained their specific phenotype in vitro during culture in the presence of IL-2 contradicting that they simply display different stages of maturity. Taken together our data support the view that CD56bright cells are specialized NK cells that regulate immunological response mechanisms rather by cytokine supply than by their cytotoxic potential. The poor cytolytic capacity of CD56bright NK cells can be explained by weak ability in forming conjugates with target cells and low contents of perforin and granzyme A in their granules.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/chemistry
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D
- Perforin
- Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
- Receptors, Immunologic/analysis
- Receptors, KIR
- Receptors, KIR2DL1
- Receptors, KIR2DL3
- Receptors, KIR3DL1
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jacobs
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Blum J, Wurm G, Kempf S, Poppe T, Klahr H, Kozasa T, Rott M, Henning T, Dorschner J, Schräpler R, Keller HU, Markiewicz WJ, Mann I, Gustafson BA, Giovane F, Neuhaus D, Fechtig H, Grün E, Feuerbacher B, Kochan H, Ratke L, El Goresy A, Morfill G, Weidenschilling SJ, Schwehm G, Metzler K, Ip WH. Growth and form of planetary seedlings: results from a microgravity aggregation experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 85:2426-2429. [PMID: 10978073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.85.2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The outcome of the first stage of planetary formation, which is characterized by ballistic agglomeration of preplanetary dust grains due to Brownian motion in the free molecular flow regime of the solar nebula, is still somewhat speculative. We performed a microgravity experiment flown onboard the space shuttle in which we simulated, for the first time, the onset of free preplanetary dust accumulation and revealed the structures and growth rates of the first dust agglomerates in the young solar system. We find that a thermally aggregating swarm of dust particles evolves very rapidly and forms unexpected open-structured agglomerates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blum
- Astrophysical Institute and University Observatory, University of Jena, Schillergässchen 2-3, 07745 Jena, Germany.
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