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Orsini SS, James KL, Reyes DJ, Couto‐Rodriguez RL, Gulko MK, Witte A, Carroll RK, Rice KC. Bacterial-like nitric oxide synthase in the haloalkaliphilic archaeon Natronomonas pharaonis. Microbiologyopen 2020; 9:e1124. [PMID: 33306280 PMCID: PMC7658456 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial nitric oxide (NO) synthases (bNOS) play diverse and important roles in microbial physiology, stress resistance, and virulence. Although bacterial and mammalian NOS enzymes have been well-characterized, comparatively little is known about the prevalence and function of NOS enzymes in Archaea. Analysis of archaeal genomes revealed that highly conserved bNOS homologs were restricted to members of the Halobacteria. Of these, Natronomonas pharaonis NOS (npNOS) was chosen for further characterization. NO production was confirmed in heterologously expressed His-tagged npNOS by coupling nitrite production from N-hydroxy-L-arginine in an H2O2-supported reaction. Additionally, the nos gene was successfully targeted and disrupted to create a Nmn. pharaonis nos mutant by adapting an established Natrialba magadii transformation protocol. Genome re-sequencing of this mutant revealed an additional frameshift in a putative cation-acetate symporter gene, which could contribute to altered acetate metabolism in the nos mutant. Inactivation of Nmn. pharaonis nos was also associated with several phenotypes congruent with bacterial nos mutants (altered growth, increased oxygen consumption, increased pigment, increased UV susceptibility), suggesting that NOS function may be conserved between bacteria and archaea. These studies are the first to describe genetic inactivation and characterization of a Nmn. pharaonis gene and provides enhanced tools for probing its physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia S. Orsini
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceIFASUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Present address:
Pharma ServicesViral Vector ServicesThermo Fisher ScientificAlachuaFLUSA
| | - Kimberly L. James
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceIFASUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
| | - Destiny J. Reyes
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceIFASUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
- Present address:
Pharma ServicesViral Vector ServicesThermo Fisher ScientificAlachuaFLUSA
| | | | - Miriam K. Gulko
- Department OesterheltMax Planck Institut für BiochemieMartinsriedGermany
| | - Angela Witte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and GeneticsMPL LaboratoriesUniversity of ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Kelly C. Rice
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceIFASUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA
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Bacusmo JM, Orsini SS, Hu J, DeMott M, Thiaville PC, Elfarash A, Paulines MJ, Rojas-Benítez D, Meineke B, Deutsch C, Iwata-Reuyl D, Limbach PA, Dedon PC, Rice KC, Shuman S, Crécy-Lagard VD. The t 6A modification acts as a positive determinant for the anticodon nuclease PrrC, and is distinctively nonessential in Streptococcus mutans. RNA Biol 2017; 15:508-517. [PMID: 28726545 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2017.1353861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoribonuclease toxins (ribotoxins) are produced by bacteria and fungi to respond to stress, eliminate non-self competitor species, or interdict virus infection. PrrC is a bacterial ribotoxin that targets and cleaves tRNALysUUU in the anticodon loop. In vitro studies suggested that the post-transcriptional modification threonylcarbamoyl adenosine (t6A) is required for PrrC activity but this prediction had never been validated in vivo. Here, by using t6A-deficient yeast derivatives, it is shown that t6A is a positive determinant for PrrC proteins from various bacterial species. Streptococcus mutans is one of the few bacteria where the t6A synthesis gene tsaE (brpB) is dispensable and its genome encodes a PrrC toxin. We had previously shown using an HPLC-based assay that the S. mutans tsaE mutant was devoid of t6A. However, we describe here a novel and a more sensitive hybridization-based t6A detection method (compared to HPLC) that showed t6A was still present in the S. mutans ΔtsaE, albeit at greatly reduced levels (93% reduced compared with WT). Moreover, mutants in 2 other S. mutans t6A synthesis genes (tsaB and tsaC) were shown to be totally devoid of the modification thus confirming its dispensability in this organism. Furthermore, analysis of t6A modification ratios and of t6A synthesis genes mRNA levels in S. mutans suggest they may be regulated by growth phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Marie Bacusmo
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Silvia S Orsini
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Jennifer Hu
- b Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Michael DeMott
- b Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Patrick C Thiaville
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,c Genetics and Genomics Graduate Program , University of Florida , Gainesville , USA.,d University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Ameer Elfarash
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,e Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture , Assiut University , Assuit , Egypt
| | - Mellie June Paulines
- f Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati OH , USA
| | - Diego Rojas-Benítez
- g Centro de Regulación del Genoma. Facultad de Ciencias - Universidad de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Birthe Meineke
- h Molecular Biology Program , Sloan-Kettering Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - Chris Deutsch
- i Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Dirk Iwata-Reuyl
- i Department of Chemistry , Portland State University , Portland , OR , USA
| | - Patrick A Limbach
- f Rieveschl Laboratories for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati OH , USA
| | - Peter C Dedon
- b Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Biological Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - Kelly C Rice
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Stewart Shuman
- h Molecular Biology Program , Sloan-Kettering Institute , New York , NY , USA
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- a Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, IFAS , University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,d University of Florida Genetics Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA
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