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Cazzaniga ME, Pronzato P, Amoroso D, Bernardo A, Biganzoli L, Bisagni G, Blasi L, Bria E, Cognetti F, Crinò L, De Laurentiis M, Del Mastro L, De Placido S, Beano A, Ferraù F, Foladore S, Forcignanò R, Gamucci T, Garrone O, Gennari A, Giordano M, Giotta F, Giovanardi F, Latini L, Livi L, Marchetti P, Mattioli R, Michelotti A, Montemurro F, Putzu C, Riccardi F, Ricciardi G, Romagnoli E, Sarobba G, Spazzapan S, Tagliaferri P, Tinari N, Tonini G, Turletti A, Verusio C, Zambelli A, Mustacchi G. Clinical Outcomes of HER2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in Italy in the Last Decade: Results of the GIM 13-AMBRA Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:117. [PMID: 38201545 PMCID: PMC10777910 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
GIM 13-AMBRA is a longitudinal cohort study aimed at describing therapeutic strategies and the relative outcome parameters in 939 HER2-ve MBC patients. Taxanes-based regimens, or taxanes + targeted agents, mainly Bevacizumab, were the preferred first choice in both Luminal (30.2%) and TNBC (33.3%) patients. The median PFS1 was 12.5 months (95% CI 16.79-19.64), without any significant difference according to subtypes, while the median Time to first Treatment Change (TTC1) was significantly lower in TNBC patients (7.7 months-95% CI 5.7-9.2) in comparison to Luminal A (13.2 months, 95% CI 11.7-15.1) and Luminal B patients (11.8 months, 95% CI 10.3-12.8). PFS2 was significantly shorter in TNBC patients (5.5 months, 95% CI 4.3-6.5 vs. Luminal A-9.4, 95% CI 8.1-10.7, and Luminal B-7.7 95% CI 6.8-8.2, F-Ratio 4.30, p = 0.014). TTC2 was significantly lower in patients with TNBC than in those with the other two subtypes. The median OS1 was 35.2 months (95% CI 30.8-37.4) for Luminal A patients, which was significantly higher than that for both Luminal B (28.9 months, 95% CI 26.2-31.2) and TNBC (18.5 months, 95% CI 16-20.1, F-ratio 7.44, p = 0.0006). The GIM 13-AMBRA study is one of the largest collections ever published in Italy and provides useful results in terms of time outcomes for first, second, and further lines of treatment in HER2- MBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Elena Cazzaniga
- Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, 20900 Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Università Milano Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Pronzato
- Oncologia Medica IRCCS IRST San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (P.P.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Domenico Amoroso
- Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Versilia USL Nord Ovest Toscana, 55041 Lido di Camaiore, Italy;
| | - Antonio Bernardo
- Oncologia Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri Spa Società Benefit, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Laura Biganzoli
- U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Santo Stefano, 59100 Prato, Italy;
| | - Giancarlo Bisagni
- Oncologia Medica, IRCCS Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Livio Blasi
- Oncologia Medica, ARNAS Civico–Di Cristina-Benfratelli, Presidio Ospedaliero ‘Civico e Benfratelli’, 20121 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Emilio Bria
- Oncologia Medica, A.O.U. Integrata Verona, Ospedale Borgo Roma, 37100 Verona, Italy;
| | - Francesco Cognetti
- Oncologia Medica 1, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Regina Elena”, 00042 Roma, Italy
| | - Lucio Crinò
- Oncologia, Ospedale S. Maria della Misericordia, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | | | - Lucia Del Mastro
- Oncologia Medica IRCCS IRST San Martino, 16100 Genova, Italy; (P.P.); (L.D.M.)
| | - Sabino De Placido
- Oncologia Medica, Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi Federico II, 80013 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Beano
- Oncologia Medica, Città della Salute e della Scienza, ASL “Città di Torino”, 10024 Torino, Italy;
| | | | - Silva Foladore
- SSD Oncologica e dell’apparato Riproduttivo Femminile, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria “Giuliano Isontina, 34121 Trieste, Italy;
| | | | | | - Ornella Garrone
- Oncologia Medica, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20100 Milano, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Gennari
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Maggiore della Carità di Novara, Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | | | - Francesco Giotta
- Oncologia, IRCCS Istituto Tumori ‘Giovanni Paolo II’, 70100 Bari, Italy;
| | - Filippo Giovanardi
- UOS Day Hospital Oncologico, AUSL Reggio Emilia, Presidio Ospedaliero di Guastalla, 42016 Guastalla, Italy;
| | | | - Lorenzo Livi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Sperimentali e Cliniche ‘Mario Serio’, Università degli Studi di Firenze, UOC Radioterapia, A.O.U. Careggi, 50100 Firenze, Italy;
| | | | - Rodolfo Mattioli
- Oncologia Medica, A.O. Ospedali Riuniti Marche Nord-Ospedale Santa Croce, 61032 Fano, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Montemurro
- Fondazione del Piemonte per l’Oncologia-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.), 10024 Torino, Italy;
| | - Carlo Putzu
- Oncologia Medica, AOU Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Riccardi
- Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera ‘A. Cardarelli’ (AORN), 80013 Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | - Giuseppina Sarobba
- Oncologia Medica, Ospedale ‘San Francesco’, Azienda Sanitaria Locale 3 Nuoro, 08100 Nuoro, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy;
| | | | - Nicola Tinari
- Oncologia Medica, Policlinico ‘SS. Annunziata’, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Tonini
- Policlinico Universitario Campus Biomedico, 00042 Roma, Italy;
| | - Anna Turletti
- Presidio Ospedaliero Martini, ASL TO1, 10024 Torino, Italy
| | - Claudio Verusio
- Oncologia Medica, ASST della Valle Olona, Ospedale di Saronno, 21047 Saronno, Italy;
| | - Alberto Zambelli
- Oncologia Medica, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24100 Bergamo, Italy;
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Kovač MB, Pavlin T, Čavka L, Ribnikar D, Spazzapan S, Templeton AJ, Šeruga B. The trajectory of sarcopenia following diagnosis of prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Geriatr Oncol 2023; 14:101594. [PMID: 37482497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgo.2023.101594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sarcopenia is a common skeletal muscle disorder in older people. Here we explore the prevalence of sarcopenia and its impact on men with prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We searched PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases for relevant studies with an explicit definition of sarcopenia in men with prostate cancer which were published between years 2000 and 2022. Prevalence of sarcopenia and its association with time to biochemical recurrence (BCR), progression-free survival (PFS), non-cancer mortality, overall survival (OS), and treatment-related complications in men with prostate cancer were explored. The summary prevalence, hazard ratios (HRs), and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated. RESULTS A total of 24 studies comprising 3,616 patients with early and advanced prostate cancer were included. The prevalence of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity was 43.8% (95% CI 19.2%-68.5%) and 24.0% (95% CI 5.0%-43.1%), respectively. Sarcopenia was not associated with a shorter time to BCR (HR 0.89, 95% CI 0.64-1.23, p = 0.48), a shorter PFS (HR 1.20, 95% CI 0.73-1.97, p = 0.48), or a shorter OS (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.90-1.85, p = 0.16). In contrast, sarcopenia was significantly associated with a higher non-cancer mortality (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.23-2.80, p = 0.003). In four out of five studies eligible for assessment, sarcopenia was not associated with an increased risk of treatment-related complications. DISCUSSION Sarcopenia increases the risk of death from other causes in men with prostate cancer. Patients with prostate cancer should be assessed and managed for sarcopenia in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Blaž Kovač
- Ljubljana Community Health Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Pavlin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Čavka
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Oncology, University Medical Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Domen Ribnikar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- S.O.C. Oncologia Medica e Prevenzione Oncologica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Arnoud J Templeton
- St. Clara Research, St. Claraspital Basel and Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Boštjan Šeruga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia; Division of Medical Oncology, Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Griguolo G, Miglietta F, Paré L, Generali DG, Frassoldati A, Musolino A, Spazzapan S, Vernaci G, Giarratano T, Mele ML, Bisagni G, Piacentini F, Tagliafico E, Cagossi K, Schiavi F, Pinato C, Prat A, Guarneri V, Dieci MV. Abstract P4-02-13: Homologous recombination deficiency, RB-loss gene signatures, intrinsic subtype and response to neoadjuvant treatment in HR+/HER2- early breast cancer: a correlative analysis of two phase II trials. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-02-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Hormone-receptor (HR)+/HER2- breast cancer (BC) is a biologically heterogeneous disease. Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and BRCA mutations have been previously reported to be associated with worse outcomes in HR+/HER2- metastatic BC patients receiving CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy. Here, we assess the relation between HRD and RB-loss signatures, intrinsic subtyping, the PAM50-based chemo-endocrine score, and response to chemotherapy-based therapy and endocrine treatment in HR+/HER2- early BC. Methods: GIADA is a multicentric neoadjuvant phase II trial that treated premenopausal patients with Luminal B (LumB)-like BC (HR-positive, HER2-negative, with Ki67>20% and/or histologic Grade 3) with a combination of chemotherapy, immunotherapy and endocrine treatment. Expression of 758 genes on baseline tumor samples from all 43 patients was quantified by nCounter platform. The LETLOB phase II trial randomized postmenopausal women with clinical stage II-IIIA HR+/HER2- BC to neoadjuvant letrozole + lapatinib or letrozole + placebo for 6 months (Guarneri, JCO 2014). Gene-expression data (Affymetrix platform) from pre-treatment frozen core-biopsies was available from 66 out of 92 pts enrolled. Intrinsic subtype was assigned using a research-based PAM50 subtype predictor. A published HRD signature (Peng, Nat Commun 2014) and a signature of RB loss (RBsig), previously reported to potentially predict resistance to CDK4/6 inhibitors in HR+/HER2- BC (Malorni, Oncotarget 2016) were computed. The PAM50 based chemo-endocrine score (CES) was calculated using published definition (Prat, CCR 2017). Higher values of CES indicate increased endocrine sensitivity, while lower values indicate chemosensitivity. Association between genomic signatures was assessed through Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Association of genomic signatures with pCR was assessed through logistic regression and association with PEPI scores was assessed through Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: HRD signature levels were significantly higher in non-luminal (Basal-like and HER2-enriched) tumors as compared to Luminal (A or B) tumors (p>0.001 in the GIADA trial, p=0.021 in the LETLOB trial). Moreover, higher levels of HRD signature were associated with higher levels of RB-loss signature (Pearson correlation 0.355, p=0.020 in the GIADA trial; Pearson correlation 0.942, p< 0.001 in the LETLOB trial), higher levels of Basal-like signature (Pearson correlation 0.502, p< 0.001 in the GIADA trial; Pearson correlation 0.373, p=0.002 in the LETLOB trial) and lower levels of CES (Pearson correlation -0.422, p=0.005 in the GIADA trial; Pearson correlation -0.763, p< 0.001 in the LETLOB trial), indicative of higher chemosensitivity. In the GIADA trial, higher levels of HRD signature (p=0.018) and RBloss signature (p=0.073) and lower levels of CES (p=0.007) were associated with higher pCR rates after chemo, endocrine and immunotherapy. In the LETLOB trial, lower levels of HRD signature (p=0.068) and RBloss signature (p=0.042) and higher levels of CES (p=0.050) were associated with higher sensitivity to endocrine treatment (lower PEPI scores, 0 vs 1-3 vs 4 or more, after neoadjuvant letrozole). Conclusions: In HR+/HER2- early BC, HRD gene signatures, RB-loss gene signatures and non-luminal (especially Basal-like) intrinsic subtyping are associated with each other and associated with higher sensitivity to chemotherapy-based therapy and lower sensitivity to endocrine treatment. These observations might help correctly tailor systemic therapy, including biologic agents, in patients with HR+/HER2- early and advanced BC.
Citation Format: Gaia Griguolo, Federica Miglietta, Laia Paré, Daniele G. Generali, Antonio Frassoldati, Antonino Musolino, Simon Spazzapan, Grazia Vernaci, Tommaso Giarratano, Marcello Lo Mele, Giancarlo Bisagni, Federico Piacentini, Enrico Tagliafico, Katia Cagossi, Francesca Schiavi, Claudia Pinato, Aleix Prat, Valentina Guarneri, Maria Vittoria Dieci. Homologous recombination deficiency, RB-loss gene signatures, intrinsic subtype and response to neoadjuvant treatment in HR+/HER2- early breast cancer: a correlative analysis of two phase II trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Griguolo
- 1Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua; Division of Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Federica Miglietta
- 2Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua; Division of Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Italy
| | - Laia Paré
- 3Reveal Genomics, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Simon Spazzapan
- 7Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Grazia Vernaci
- 8Medical Oncology 2, Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV IRCCS
| | - Tommaso Giarratano
- 9Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Enrico Tagliafico
- 13University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Katia Cagossi
- 14Ospedale Bernardino Ramazzini, Carpi, Carpi, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Valentina Guarneri
- 18Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Pivetta T, Pastò B, Urbani M, Benozzi E, De Pascalis N, Perin T, Mileto M, Pasquotti B, Piccoli E, Vinante L, Bampo C, Bolzonello S, Garutti M, Nicoloso M, Corsetti S, Scalone S, da Ros L, di Nardo P, Lisanti C, Spazzapan S, Belletti B, Bartoletti M, Gerratana L, Massarut S, Puglisi F. Abstract P4-02-06: Clinical and biological predictors of lymph node involvement in patients with early breast cancer for adjuvant treatment personalization. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p4-02-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Over the last years, the management of patients with node positive early breast cancer has gone through important innovations. On the medical side, new targeted therapies such as olaparib and abemaciclib have been introduced, with promising results on the invasive disease-free survival. Moreover, sparing axillary lymph node dissection has proven to be noninferior in terms of overall survival. However, no tools are currently available to predict lymph node involvement before definitive surgical evaluation. The aim of the study was to analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with node positive early breast cancer to explore potential risk profiles associated with a ≥3 nodal involvement. Methods: The study retrospectively analyzed 335 node-positive breast cancer patients treated at the Breast Unit of the CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, between 2017 and 2021. Data regarding primary tumor biological features, lymph node involvement and surgical approach were collected. Associations between clinico-pathological characteristics and ≥3 lymph node involvement were tested through stepwise logistic regression and the gradient boosting machine learning algorithm (GBM). Results: Among the 335 analyzed patients, 87.0% had a primary tumor < 5 cm, with a single positive lymph node in 73.3% of cases. Hormone receptors were mainly positive (respectively 93.5% and 83.4% for estrogen and progesterone receptors). Tumor grade was most frequently well differentiated (Grade 1 in 60.7%), with a Ki67 < 20% (59.5%). After multivariable logistic regression, a tumor size ≥ 3 cm (OR 3.24, CI95% 1.47-7.17, p = 0.004), the presence of massive lymphovascular stromal invasion (OR 2.50, CI95% 1.02-6.14, p = 0.045) and 2 or more positive sentinel lymph nodes at surgical evaluation (OR 6.08, CI95% 3.34-11.05, p < 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of identifying ≥ 3 positive lymph nodes after subsequent axillary dissection. Similar results were observed in the luminal-like cohort. A GBM machine learning model was then developed with a 0.77 Area Under the Curve. Features with the highest relative importance (RI) were single sentinel node involvement (RI 16.1873), followed by tumor size ≥ 3 cm (RI 10.2024), ≥2 positive sentinel lymph nodes (RI 8.5050) and lymphovascular stromal invasion (4.0217). Consistently, number of positive sentinel lymph nodes and tumor size were the predominant features in all top 20 GBM models. Conclusions: The present study explored the definition of risk profiles linked to 3 or more positive lymph nodes based on clinical and pathological features. It, moreover, tested the feasibility of developing machine learning classifiers to support future clinical decision-making. Due to the growing complexity of the adjuvant setting, finding a balance between minimally invasive surgical and staging approaches and risk definition for treatment personalization will become increasingly critical.
Citation Format: Tania Pivetta, Brenno Pastò, Martina Urbani, Elisabetta Benozzi, Nicola De Pascalis, Tiziana Perin, Mario Mileto, Bruno Pasquotti, Erica Piccoli, Lorenzo Vinante, Chiara Bampo, Silvia Bolzonello, Mattia Garutti, Milena Nicoloso, Serena Corsetti, Simona Scalone, Lucia da Ros, Paola di Nardo, Camilla Lisanti, Simon Spazzapan, Barbara Belletti, Michele Bartoletti, Lorenzo Gerratana, Samuele Massarut, Fabio Puglisi. Clinical and biological predictors of lymph node involvement in patients with early breast cancer for adjuvant treatment personalization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-02-06.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Simon Spazzapan
- 20Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- 21Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano
| | | | | | | | - Fabio Puglisi
- 25Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy and Department of Medical Oncology - CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
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Mazzega-Fabbro C, Polesel J, Spazzapan S, Meneghetti L, Montagner D, Tabaro G, Bartoletti M, Puglisi F. Mild cryotherapy for prevention of paclitaxel-induced nail toxicity in breast cancer patients: A phase II single-arm clinical trial. Clin Breast Cancer 2023; 23:447-453. [PMID: 36997403 DOI: 10.1016/j.clbc.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nail changes are among the most common dermatological adverse events in paclitaxel-receiving patients. Although effective, low-temperature prophylactic cryotherapy is discomforting and a potential cause of side effects, resulting in low patients' adherence. PATIENTS AND METHODS A phase II single-arm study evaluating mild cryotherapy for the reduction of 12-week, grade 2 nail toxicity was conducted on 67 taxane-naïve breast cancer patients (age 18-74 years) undergoing weekly adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel. Instant-ice packs were fixed over the fingers and toes for a total of 70 minutes during paclitaxel infusion at a temperature between -5 °C and +5 °C. Nail toxicity was evaluated weekly (CTCAE vs 4.03), including grade 2 (ie, onycholysis, subungual hematoma, onychomadesis) and grade 1 nail toxicities. RESULTS Twelve patients experienced grade 2 nail toxicities (17.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 9.6%-29.2%; median time to onset: 56 days): onycholysis was the most frequent grade 2 toxicity (13.4%), followed by subungual hematoma (9.0%) and onychomadesis (1.5%). Grade 1 toxicity occurred in 33 patients (63.5%, 95% CI 49.0%-76.4%) with nail discoloration representing by far the most frequent toxicity (59.6%). Seventeen patients (25.4%) reported no nail toxicity. 62.7% of patients reported no pain and 22.4% suffered moderate pain. No patient experienced severe pain or others adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Instant-ice pack is a feasible prophylactic intervention for nail toxicity, well tolerated by patients and with limited impact on routine workload. It could be considered for patients refusing (or interrupting) cryotherapy, and it can be implemented when frozen gloves management is not feasible.
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Pagani O, Walley BA, Fleming GF, Colleoni M, Láng I, Gomez HL, Tondini C, Burstein HJ, Goetz MP, Ciruelos EM, Stearns V, Bonnefoi HR, Martino S, Geyer CE, Chini C, Puglisi F, Spazzapan S, Ruhstaller T, Winer EP, Ruepp B, Loi S, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Regan MM, Francis PA. Adjuvant Exemestane With Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of the Combined TEXT and SOFT Trials. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1376-1382. [PMID: 36521078 PMCID: PMC10419413 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.01064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials frequently include multiple end points that mature at different times. The initial report, typically based on the primary end point, may be published when key planned co-primary or secondary analyses are not yet available. Clinical Trial Updates provide an opportunity to disseminate additional results from studies, published in JCO or elsewhere, for which the primary end point has already been reported.The combined analysis of SOFT-TEXT compared outcomes in 4,690 premenopausal women with estrogen/progesterone receptor-positive (ER/PgR+) early breast cancer randomly assigned to 5 years of exemestane + ovarian function suppression (OFS) versus tamoxifen + OFS. After a median follow-up of 9 years, exemestane + OFS significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI), but not overall survival, compared with tamoxifen + OFS. We now report DFS, DRFI, and overall survival after a median follow-up of 13 years. In the intention-to-treat (ITT) population, the 12-year DFS (4.6% absolute improvement, hazard ratio [HR], 0.79; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.90; P < .001) and DRFI (1.8% absolute improvement, HR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.98; P = .03), but not overall survival (90.1% v 89.1%, HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78 to 1.11), continued to be significantly improved for patients assigned exemestane + OFS over tamoxifen + OFS. Among patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative tumors (86.0% of the ITT population), the absolute improvement in 12-year overall survival with exemestane + OFS was 2.0% (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.04) and 3.3% in those who received chemotherapy (45.9% of the ITT population). Overall survival benefit was clinically significant in high-risk patients, eg, women age < 35 years (4.0%) and those with > 2 cm (4.5%) or grade 3 tumors (5.5%). These sustained reductions of the risk of recurrence with adjuvant exemestane + OFS, compared with tamoxifen + OFS, provide guidance for selecting patients for whom exemestane should be preferred over tamoxifen in the setting of OFS.[Media: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Pagani
- Interdisciplinary Cancer Service Hospital Riviera-Chablais Rennaz, Vaud, Switzerland
- Geneva University Hospitals, Lugano University and Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Barbara A. Walley
- University of Calgary and Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Gini F. Fleming
- The University of Chicago Medical Center and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Chicago, IL
| | - Marco Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Milan, Italy
| | - István Láng
- Clinexpert-research, Budapest, Hungary (prior affiliation)
- National Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Henry L. Gomez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlo Tondini
- Osp. Papa Giovanni XXIII and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Harold J. Burstein
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew P. Goetz
- Mayo Clinic and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Rochester, MN
| | - Eva M. Ciruelos
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre and SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Cooperative Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vered Stearns
- Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and ECOG-ACRIN, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hervé R. Bonnefoi
- Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Université de Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Bordeaux, France
| | - Silvana Martino
- The Angeles Clinic and Research Institute and SWOG, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Charles E. Geyer
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center and NRG Oncology, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Claudio Chini
- Deaprment of Medical Oncology, Ospedale di Circolo e Fondazione, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Italy and Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico CRO di Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico CRO di Aviano, Aviano, Italy
| | - Thomas Ruhstaller
- University of Basel, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric P. Winer
- Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Boston, MA
- Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine; Smilow Cancer Hospital, New Haven, CT (prior affiliation)
| | - Barbara Ruepp
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sherene Loi
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alan S. Coates
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Richard D. Gelber
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Frontier Science Foundation, Boston, MA
| | - Aron Goldhirsch
- European Institute of Oncology, IRCCS, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Milan, Italy
- Deceased
| | - Meredith M. Regan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Prudence A. Francis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, St Vincent's Hospital, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Breast Cancer Trials Australia & New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Australia; International Breast Cancer Study Group, Melbourne, Australia
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7
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De Laurentiis M, Caputo R, Mazza M, Mansutti M, Masetti R, Ballatore Z, Torrisi R, Michelotti A, Zambelli A, Ferro A, Generali D, Vici P, Coltelli L, Fabi A, Marchetti P, Ballestrero A, Spazzapan S, Frassoldati A, Sarobba MG, Grasso D, Zamagni C. Safety and Efficacy of Ribociclib in Combination with Letrozole in Patients with HR+, HER2- Advanced Breast Cancer: Results from the Italian Subpopulation of Phase 3b CompLEEment-1 Study. Target Oncol 2022; 17:615-625. [PMID: 36152144 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-022-00913-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ribociclib plus letrozole demonstrated manageable safety and efficacy profiles in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative (HER2-) advanced breast cancer (ABC) in the Phase 3b CompLEEment-1 trial. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and efficacy of ribociclib plus letrozole in the Italian subpopulation with HR+, HER2- ABC from the CompLEEment-1 trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with HR+, HER2- ABC received ribociclib (600 mg/day, 3 weeks on/1 week off) plus letrozole (2.5 mg/day) while men and premenopausal women additionally received goserelin. Patients were allowed with ≤ 1 line of prior chemotherapy and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤ 2. The primary outcome included safety and tolerability. RESULTS Of the 554 Italian patients, 246 (44.4 %) patients completed treatment. The reasons for treatment discontinuation included progressive disease (PD; 36.6 %), adverse events (AEs; 11.9 %), and death (1.6 %). All-grade AEs and grade ≥ 3 AEs occurred in 98.9 % and 77.8 % patients, respectively. The most common treatment-related AEs were neutropenia (73.6 %), followed by leukopenia (32.1 %), and nausea (25.3 %). The overall response rate was 28.2 % (95 % confidence interval [CI], 24.4-32.1); clinical benefit rate was 71.7 % (95 % CI, 67.7-75.4); and median time to progression was 26.7 months (95 % CI, 24.8-non-estimable). Health-related quality of life scores were maintained during treatment. CONCLUSION The safety and efficacy profiles of ribociclib plus letrozole in the Italian subpopulation was found to be consistent with the CompLEEment-1 global population result, MONALEESA-2, and MONALEESA-7 outcomes, which reaffirm ribociclib plus letrozole as the frontline treatment option in patients with HR+, HER2- ABC. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER AND DATE OF REGISTRATION NCT02941926 (30 November 2016).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roberta Caputo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori "Fondazione Pascale", Napoli, Italy
| | - Manuelita Mazza
- Senologia Medica, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milano, Italy
| | - Mauro Mansutti
- Department of Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Riccardo Masetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCSS, Roma, Italy
| | - Zelmira Ballatore
- Clinica Oncologica e Centro Regionale di Genetica Oncologica, AOU Ospedali Riuniti Ancona Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Rosalba Torrisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS-Humanitas Clinical and Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | - Andrea Michelotti
- U.O. Oncologia Medica I, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana, Ospedale S. Chiara, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Daniele Generali
- U.O.C. Multidisciplinare di Patologia Mammaria, Istituti Ospitalieri di Cremona, ASST di Cremona, Cremona, Italy
| | - Patrizia Vici
- UOSD Sperimentazioni di fase IV, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Coltelli
- U.O.C. di Oncologia Medica, Presidio Ospedaliero Livorno, Livorno, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Division of Medical Oncology 1, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- UOC Oncologia Medica, Azienda Ospedaliera St. Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ballestrero
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna DIMI, Ospedale Policlinico San Martino IRCCS, Genova, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- S.O.C. Oncologia Medica e Prevenzione Oncologica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Antonio Frassoldati
- U.O.C. Oncologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero, Universitaria di Ferrara - Arcispedale Sant'Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | | | | | - Claudio Zamagni
- Addarii Medical Oncology Unit IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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8
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Palmero L, Siciliano M, Di Nardo P, Basile D, Cucciniello L, Pastò B, Lisanti C, Membrino A, Noto C, Spazzapan S, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. 242P Investigating the risk of drug-induced interstitial lung disease in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with antiHER2 regimens through a network meta-analysis approach. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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9
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de Scordilli M, Bortot L, Cucciniello L, Totaro F, Mazzeo R, Alberti M, Palmero L, Targato G, Dri A, Pravisano F, Zapelloni G, Lisanti C, Spazzapan S, Minisini A, Mansutti M, Bonotto M, Gerratana L, Fasola G, Puglisi F. 249P A retrospective analysis on capecitabine and vinorelbine combination in metastatic breast cancer: The MARCELLINO study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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10
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Muraro E, Del Ben F, Turetta M, Cesselli D, Bulfoni M, Zamarchi R, Rossi E, Spazzapan S, Dolcetti R, Steffan A, Brisotto G. Clinical relevance of the combined analysis of circulating tumor cells and anti-tumor T-cell immunity in metastatic breast cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:983887. [PMID: 36081561 PMCID: PMC9446887 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.983887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying responses to treatments and clinical outcomes, still requiring the identification of reliable predictive biomarkers. In this context, liquid biopsy has emerged as a powerful tool to assess in real-time the evolving landscape of cancer, which is both orchestrated by the metastatic process and immune-surveillance mechanisms. Thus, we investigated circulating tumor cells (CTCs) coupled with peripheral T-cell immunity to uncover their potential clinical relevance in mBC. Methods A cohort of 20 mBC patients was evaluated, before and one month after starting therapy, through the following liquid biopsy approaches: CTCs enumerated by a metabolism-based assay, T-cell responses against tumor-associated antigens (TAA) characterized by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISpot), and the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire investigated by a targeted next-generation sequencing technique. TCR repertoire features were characterized by the Morisita’s overlap and the Productive Simpson Clonality indexes, and the TCR richness. Differences between groups were calculated by Fisher’s, Mann-Whitney or Kruskal-Wallis test, as appropriate. Prognostic data analysis was estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Results Stratifying patients for their prognostic level of 6 CTCs before therapy, TAA specific T-cell responses were detected only in patients with a low CTC level. By analyzing the TCR repertoire, the highest TCR clonality was observed in the case of CTCs under the cut-off and a positive ELISpot response (p=0.03). Whereas, at follow-up, patients showing a good clinical response coupled with a low number of CTCs were characterized by the most elevated TCR clonality (p<0.05). The detection of CTCs≥6 in at least one time-point was associated with a lower TCR clonality (p=0.02). Intriguingly, by combining overall survival analysis with TCR repertoire, we highlighted a potential prognostic role of the TCR clonality measured at follow-up (p=0.03). Conclusion These data, whether validated in a larger cohort of patients, suggest that the combined analysis of CTCs and circulating anti-tumor T-cell immunity could represent a valuable immune-oncological biomarker for the liquid biopsy field. The clinical application of this promising tool could improve the management of mBC patients, especially in the setting of immunotherapy, a rising approach for BC treatment requiring reliable predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muraro
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Elena Muraro,
| | - Fabio Del Ben
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Turetta
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Daniela Cesselli
- Department of Medicine, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine (Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli Centrale, ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Michela Bulfoni
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Udine (Azienda sanitaria universitaria Friuli Centrale, ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Rita Zamarchi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology & Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV - Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Padua, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giulia Brisotto
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Aviano, Italy
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11
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Muraro E, De Zorzi M, Miolo G, Lombardi D, Scalone S, Spazzapan S, Massarut S, Perin T, Dolcetti R, Steffan A, De Re V. KIR-HLA Functional Repertoire Influences Trastuzumab Efficiency in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 12:791958. [PMID: 35095867 PMCID: PMC8790064 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab induced a high rate of pathological Complete Response (pCR) in patients affected by locally advanced HER2-positive Breast Cancer (HER2-BC), by exploiting immune-mediated mechanisms as Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity (ADCC) involving Natural Killer (NK) cells. Host's immune genetics could influence the response to therapy, through the expression of variants that characterize NK receptors involved in ADCC effectiveness. Killer cell immunoglobin-like receptors (KIRs) modulate NK cell activity through their binding to class-I Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA). The impact of the KIR/HLA repertoire in HER2-BC is under study. We characterized KIR genotypes of 36 patients with locally advanced HER2-BC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy including trastuzumab. We monitored pCR achievement before surgery and Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS) after adjuvant therapy. HLA, and Fc gamma receptor IIIa (FcγR3A) and IIa (FcγR2A) were genotyped through targeted PCR and Sanger sequencing in 35/36 patients. The KIR-HLA combinations were then described as functional haplotypes and divided in two main categories as inhibitory tel A and stimulatory tel B. Trastuzumab-dependent ADCC activity was monitored with an in vitro assay using a HER2-BC model and patients' NK cells.We observed a higher frequency of KIR activators in patients who achieved a pCR compared to partial responders. During the study of functional haplotypes, individuals carrying a tel B haplotype showed greater ADCC efficiency than tel A cases. In subjects with the tel A haplotype the presence of the favorite V allele in FcγR3A receptor improved their low ADCC levels. Regardless of the haplotypes detected, the presence of KIR3DL2/HLA-A03 or A11 was always associated with the FcγR3A V allele, and therefore correlated with greater ADCC efficiency. However, this particular KIR receptor appeared to harm DFS and OS. Indeed, patients with tel B haplotype without KIR3DL2/HLA-A03 or A11 showed a better outcome. Our data, although preliminary, suggested a potential predictive role for KIR haplotype tel B, in identifying patients who achieve a pCR after neoadjuvant treatment with trastuzumab, and supported a negative prognostic impact of KIR3DL2/HLA-A03 or A11 in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muraro
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Mariangela De Zorzi
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Davide Lombardi
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simona Scalone
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Breast Surgery Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Pathology Unit, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO Aviano), IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Agostino Steffan
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
| | - Valli De Re
- Immunopathology and Cancer Biomarkers Units, Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Aviano, Italy
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12
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Regan MM, Walley BA, Fleming GF, Francis PA, Colleoni MA, Láng I, Gómez HL, Tondini CA, Burstein HJ, Goetz MP, Ciruelos EM, Stearns V, Bonnefoi HR, Martino S, Geyer CE, Chini C, Minisini AM, Spazzapan S, Ruhstaller T, Winer EP, Ruepp B, Loi S, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A, Gelber RD, Pagani O. Abstract GS2-05: Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC): update of the combined TEXT and SOFT trials. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-gs2-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background The updated combined SOFT+TEXT analysis, after 9 years median follow-up (MFU), revealed that adjuvant E+OFS vs T+OFS significantly improved disease-free survival (DFS) and distant recurrence-free interval (DRFI) but not overall survival (OS) in premenopausal women with HR+ early BC (Francis et al NEJM 2018). Given the high rate of OS in both arms and the long-term risk of relapse in HR+ BC, continued follow-up is key to assessing treatment benefit. We report a planned update analysis including OS with database lock of May 2021, after 13 years MFU.. Methods TEXT and SOFT enrolled premenopausal women with HR+ early BC from November 2003 to April 2011 (2660 in TEXT, 3047 in SOFT intention-to-treat (ITT) populations). TEXT randomized women within 12 weeks of surgery to 5 years E+OFS vs T+OFS; chemotherapy (CT) was optional and concurrent with OFS. SOFT randomized women to 5 years E+OFS vs T+OFS vs T alone, within 12 weeks of surgery if no CT planned, or within 8 months of completing (neo)adjuvant CT. Both trials were stratified by CT use. For the combined analysis of E+OFS vs T+OFS, the primary endpoint was DFS defined as invasive local, regional, distant recurrence, contralateral BC, second malignancy, death. Secondary endpoints included invasive breast cancer-free interval (BCFI), DRFI and OS.. Results: At database lock there were 953 DFS events and 473 deaths among 4690 pts assigned to T+OFS or E+OFS. In the ITT population, DFS, BCFI and DRFI outcomes for pts assigned E+OFS (n=2346) continued to be significantly improved over T+OFS (n=2344). 12-yr DFS was 80.5% vs. 75.9% (4.6% absolute improvement; HR 0.79 95% CI 0.70-0.90), 12-yr BCFI was improved by 4.1% and 12-yr DRFI by 1.8%. At 12 years OS was excellent in both groups, 90.1% in pts assigned E+OFS vs 89.1% in pts assigned T+OFS (HR 0.93; 95% CI, 0.78-1.11). There was heterogeneity of relative treatment effect according to HER2 status. When enrollment commenced, anti-HER2 adjuvant therapy was not standard; 53% of 583 pts with HER2+ tumors received HER2-targeted therapy. Below are Kaplan-Meier 12-yr estimates for patients with HER2 negative tumors by trial and chemotherapy stratum and for those with high-grade tumours, as an example of high-risk feature (Table). There is an emerging OS benefit for E+OFS vs T+OFS in pts with HER2 negative tumors who received chemotherapy in both trials.In pts with HER2-negative tumors, clinically-relevant outcome benefits were also seen in other high-risk subgroups: 12-yr DFS and OS were improved by 7.4% and 2.7%, respectively, in pts with pN1a disease, and by 10.6% and 4.5%, respectively, in those with tumors >2cm.
Conclusions After 13 years MFU, adjuvant E+OFS, as compared with T+OFS, shows a sustained reduction in the risk of recurrence, more consistent in HER2 negative patients and in those with high-risk disease features, e.g., indication for adjuvant chemotherapy and G3 tumors. Oncologists may use this information to discuss potential benefits of E+OFS with individual patients. Follow-up continues for 5 additional years.
Chemotherapy HER2-negativeSOFTT+OFS (n=424)E+OFS (n=411)Absolute difference12-yr DFS67.4%74.1%6.7%12-yr OS81.1%84.4%3.3%TEXTT+OFS (n=656)E+OFS (n=661)Absolute difference12-yr DFS71.0%78.4%7.4%12-yr OS83.5%86.8%3.3%No chemotherapy HER2-negativeSOFTT+OFS (n=445)E+OFS (n=447)Absolute difference12-yr DFS82.9%88.2%5.3%12-yr OS96.1%96.9%0.9%TEXTT+OFS (n=499)E+OFS (n=492)Absolute difference12-yr DFS80.2%86.7%6.5%12-yr OS95.9%96.2%0.2%G3 HER2-negativeT+OFS (n=423)E+OFS (n=405)Absolute difference12-yr DFS62.7%73.0%10.3%12-yr OS78.1%83.6%5.5%
Citation Format: Meredith M Regan, Barbara A Walley, Gini F Fleming, Prudence A Francis, Marco A Colleoni, István Láng, Henry L Gómez, Carlo A Tondini, Harold J Burstein, Matthew P Goetz, Eva M Ciruelos, Vered Stearns, Hervé R Bonnefoi, Silvana Martino, Charles E Geyer, Jr, Claudio Chini, Alessandro M Minisini, Simon Spazzapan, Thomas Ruhstaller, Eric P Winer, Barbara Ruepp, Sherene Loi, Alan S Coates, Aron Goldhirsch, Richard D Gelber, Olivia Pagani. Randomized comparison of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor exemestane (E) plus ovarian function suppression (OFS) vs tamoxifen (T) plus OFS in premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) early breast cancer (BC): update of the combined TEXT and SOFT trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr GS2-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M Regan
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara A Walley
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gini F Fleming
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Prudence A Francis
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco A Colleoni
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - István Láng
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Henry L Gómez
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carlo A Tondini
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Harold J Burstein
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Ciruelos
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vered Stearns
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hervé R Bonnefoi
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvana Martino
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charles E Geyer
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Chini
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro M Minisini
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Ruhstaller
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eric P Winer
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Ruepp
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sherene Loi
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alan S Coates
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aron Goldhirsch
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Richard D Gelber
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Pagani
- SOFT and TEXT Investigators, International Breast Cancer Study Group, Breast International Group, and North American Breast Cancer Groups, Bern, Switzerland
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Dieci MV, Guarneri V, Tosi A, Bisagni G, Musolino A, Spazzapan S, Moretti G, Vernaci GM, Griguolo G, Giarratano T, Urso L, Schiavi F, Pinato C, Magni G, Lo Mele M, De Salvo GL, Rosato A, Conte P. Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy in Luminal B-like Breast Cancer: Results of the Phase II GIADA Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2022; 28:308-317. [PMID: 34667023 PMCID: PMC9401542 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-2260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The role of immunotherapy in hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer is underexplored. PATIENTS AND METHODS The neoadjuvant phase II GIADA trial (NCT04659551, EUDRACT 2016-004665-10) enrolled stage II-IIIA premenopausal patients with Luminal B (LumB)-like breast cancer (HR-positive/HER2-negative, Ki67 ≥ 20%, and/or histologic grade 3). Patients received: three 21-day cycles of epirubicin/cyclophosphamide followed by eight 14-day cycles of nivolumab, triptorelin started concomitantly to chemotherapy, and exemestane started concomitantly to nivolumab. Primary endpoint was pathologic complete response (pCR; ypT0/is, ypN0). RESULTS A pCR was achieved by 7/43 patients [16.3%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 7.4-34.9]; the rate of residual cancer burden class 0-I was 25.6%. pCR rate was significantly higher for patients with PAM50 Basal breast cancer (4/8, 50%) as compared with other subtypes (LumA 9.1%; LumB 8.3%; P = 0.017). Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL), immune-related gene-expression signatures, and specific immune cell subpopulations by multiplex immunofluorescence were significantly associated with pCR. A combined score of Basal subtype and TILs had an AUC of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.89-1.00) for pCR prediction. According to multiplex immunofluorescence, a switch to a more immune-activated tumor microenvironment occurred following exposure to anthracyclines. Most common grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events (AE) during nivolumab were γ-glutamyltransferase (16.7%), alanine aminotransferase (16.7%), and aspartate aminotransferase (9.5%) increase. Most common immune-related AEs were endocrinopathies (all grades 1-2; including adrenal insufficiency, n = 1). CONCLUSIONS Luminal B-like breast cancers with a Basal molecular subtype and/or a state of immune activation may respond to sequential anthracyclines and anti-PD-1. Our data generate hypotheses that, if validated, could guide immunotherapy development in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Dieci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy.,Corresponding Author: Maria Vittoria Dieci, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology - University of Padova, Division of Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Via Gattamelata 64, 35128, Padova, Italy. Phone: 3904-9821-5295; Fax: 3904-9821-5932; E-mail:
| | - Valentina Guarneri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Tosi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bisagni
- Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Antonino Musolino
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, University Hospital of Parma, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gabriella Moretti
- Department of Oncology and Advanced Technologies, Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Grazia Maria Vernaci
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Gaia Griguolo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giarratano
- Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Loredana Urso
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Schiavi
- UOSD Hereditary Tumors, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Claudia Pinato
- UOSD Hereditary Tumors, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Magni
- Clinical Research Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Marcello Lo Mele
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedale Università Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gian Luca De Salvo
- Clinical Research Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Immunology and Molecular Oncology Diagnostics, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
| | - Pierfranco Conte
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.,Medical Oncology 2, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, Padova, Italy
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Dieci M, Griguolo G, Bisagni G, Musolino A, Spazzapan S, Moretti G, Schiavi F, Pinato C, Vernaci G, Giarratano T, Urso L, Tosi A, Magni G, Lo Mele M, De Salvo G, Rosato A, Guarneri V, Conte P. 129P Integration of gene expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to predict pCR after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and nivolumab for patients with luminal B-like breast cancer in the phase II GIADA trial. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Mazzeo R, Bortot L, Michelotti A, Buriolla S, Palmero L, Franzoni A, Bertoli E, Targato G, Allegri L, Da Ros L, Alberti M, Di Nardo P, Bonotto M, Sodde S, Belletti B, Spazzapan S, Baldassarre G, Damante G, Gerratana L, Puglisi F. Liquid biopsy for baseline evaluation of tumor burden in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer: A proof of principle study. J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e13008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e13008 Background: Liquid biopsy-based biomarkers, including circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), are increasingly important for the characterization of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Currently, CA15.3 is the most commonly used serum marker for monitoring disease burden. To date, no liquid biopsy-based biomarkers have been proposed for this scope in clinical practice. Methods: The CRO-2018-56 multicenter study prospectively enrolled 83 patients (pts) with luminal-like MBC treated with first line endocrine therapy (ET) and CDK4/6 inhibitors. All pts were characterized for ctDNA through droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) in from 2018 to 2021. Clinicopathological and laboratory characteristics at baseline were tested for associations with tumor markers, ACTB fragments lengths, methylation status of ESR1 main promoters (expressed as promA and promB ratio, i.e., met_ratio) and ESR1/PIK3CA mutational status through Kruskal-Wallis test and Chi-square test. Prognosis was tested in terms of Progression Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS) through log-rank test. Results: At baseline, in 26 (31%) pts disease was diagnosed as de novo metastatic, 66 (80%) pts had < 3 of metastatic sites, and 41 (49%) pts had < 5 of metastatic lesions. Bone metastases were detected in 53 (64%) pts, liver metastases in 21 (25%) pts, and lung lesions in 30 (36%) pts. A ctDNA-detected ESR1 mutation and a PIK3CA mutation were found in 15% of pts and in 34% pts, respectively. Met_ratio was > 1.5 in 35 (42%) of pts. Median CA15.3 was 48.2 U/mL and median CEA was 3.8 U/mL. Number of liver metastases and number of metastatic sites were significantly higher in pts with ESR1 mutation (respectively, P = 0.0055 and P = 0.0208). CA15.3 and ctDNA yield were significantly higher in pts with number of metastatic sites ≥ 3, (respectively, P = 0.0164, and P = 0.0239), while number of metastatic sites ≥ 3 and number of metastatic lesions ≥ 5 were significantly associated with CEA > 3.8 U/mL (respectively, P = 0.039, and P = 0.029). Presence of bone metastases was significantly associated with PIK3CA mutation (P = 0.040), while number of metastatic sites ≥ 3 was significantly associated with ESR1 mutation (P = 0.022). No association with tumor burden was observed for different ACTB DNA fragments lengths. Met_ratio > 1.5 was significantly associated with lower number of metastatic lesions (P = 0.031). Number of metastatic sites ≥ 3, high ctDNA yield and CEA were associated with worse OS (respectively P = 0.0465, P = 0.0250 and P = 0.0474), while only CEA impacted on PFS (P = 0.0097). Conclusions: In pts with luminal-like MBC, some liquid biopsy-based biomarkers (i.e., ctDNA-detected ESR1 and PIK3CA mutations, ctDNA yield) were significantly associated with the burden of disease. The potential clinical validity and utility of these results deserve to be tested in an expansion cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Mazzeo
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine; Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, CRO of Aviano, Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Bortot
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Anna Michelotti
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine; Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, CRO of Aviano, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Buriolla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - lorenza Palmero
- Department of Medical Area, University of Udine; Department of Medical Oncology, IRCCS, CRO of Aviano, Udine, Italy
| | - Alessandra Franzoni
- Institute of Human Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC), Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medicine (DAME) - University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Giada Targato
- Department of Oncology, ASUFC Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital; Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Allegri
- Department of Medicine (DAME) - University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Martina Alberti
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marta Bonotto
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Sara Sodde
- Clinical Trial Office, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Barbara Belletti
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gustavo Baldassarre
- Unit of Molecular Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Damante
- Università di Udine, Institute of Human Genetics, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale (ASUFC) Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medicine-Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Chicago, IL
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
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Pelizzari G, Bertoli E, Basile D, Giavarra M, Gerratana L, Bartoletti M, Lisanti C, Corvaja C, Vitale M, Michelotti A, Avoledo D, Ros L, Bonotto M, Bolzonello S, Di Nardo P, Fasola G, Mansutti M, Spazzapan S, Minisini A, Puglisi F. Lactate dehydrogenase as a prognostic biomarker in patients with hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib: An exploratory cohort study. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30695-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Dieci M, Guarneri V, Bisagni G, Tosi A, Musolino A, Spazzapan S, Moretti G, Vernaci G, Giarratano T, Lo Mele M, Rosato A, De Salvo G, Conte P. 162MO Neoadjuvant chemotherapy and immunotherapy in Luminal B BC: Results of the phase II GIADA trial. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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18
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Mandelli S, Riva E, Tettamanti M, Lucca U, Lombardi D, Miolo G, Spazzapan S, Marson R. How palliative care professionals deal with predicting life expectancy at the end of life: predictors and accuracy. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:2093-2103. [PMID: 32865674 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05720-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the accuracy of hospice staff in predicting survival of subjects admitted to hospice, exploring the factors considered most helpful by the hospice staff to accurately predict survival. METHODS Five physicians and 11 nurses were asked to predict survival at admission of 827 patients. Actual and predicted survival times were divided into ≤ 1 week, 2-3 weeks, 4-8 weeks, and ≥ 2 months and the accuracy of the estimates was calculated. The staff members were each asked to score 17 clinical variables that guided them in predicting survival and we analyzed how these variables impacted the accuracy. RESULTS Physicians' and nurses' accuracy of survival of the patients was 46% and 40% respectively. Survival was underestimated in 20% and 12% and overestimated in 34% and 48% of subjects. Both physicians and nurses considered metastases, comorbidities, dyspnea, disability, tumor site, neurological symptoms, and confusion very important in predicting patients' survival with nurses assigning more importance to intestinal symptoms and pain too. All these factors, with the addition of cough and/or bronchial secretions, were associated with physicians' greater accuracy. In the multivariable models, intestinal symptoms and confusion continued to be associated with greater predictive accuracy. No factors appreciably raised nurses' accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Some clinical symptoms rated as relevant by the hospice staff could be important for predicting survival. However, only intestinal symptoms and confusion significantly improved the accuracy of physicians' predictions, despite the high prevalence of overestimated survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mandelli
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy.
| | - Emma Riva
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Tettamanti
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | - Ugo Lucca
- Laboratory of Geriatric Neuropsychiatry, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Rita Marson
- Via di Natale Hospice, Aviano, Pordenone, Italy
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Pelizzari G, Bertoli E, Giavarra M, Corvaja C, Gerratana L, Basile D, Bartoletti M, Lisanti C, Bortot L, Buriolla S, Garutti M, Avoledo D, Bonotto M, Da Ros L, Bolzonello S, Mansutti M, Nardo PD, Fasola G, Spazzapan S, Minisini AM, Puglisi F. Abstract P5-14-08: Predictors of relative dose intensity and early dose reduction in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs19-p5-14-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The combination of endocrine therapy with the cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitor palbociclib was proven to be effective for the treatment of hormone receptor (HR)-positive/HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC). Although generally well tolerated, treatment delays and dose reductions are frequently observed with palbociclib, mainly due to severe neutropenia. Predictors of palbociclib-related toxicities are still unknown, as well as the clinical relevance of its relative dose intensity (RDI). Henceforth, this study aimed to identify baseline clinicopathological features associated with a RDI <75% and early dose reduction (within the first 3 months of treatment). Secondarily, we explored the impact of RDI <75% and early dose reduction on progression-free survival.
Methods: We reviewed data of 150 consecutive patients with HR-positive/HER2-negative MBC patients treated with palbociclib at two Italian cancer centers from 2017 to 2019. Eligible patients must have received at least 3 cycles of treatment. Those who experienced early suspension due to unacceptable toxicities were still eligible. RDI was calculated as the ratio of actual dose intensity (cumulative administered dose/treatment duration) and planned dose intensity (cumulative planned dose/planned treatment duration). The association of both RDI <75% and early dose reduction with baseline clinicopathological features was assessed using multivariate logistic regression. The following variables were investigated as predictors of dose reduction: de novo vs. recurrent MBC, prior chemotherapy, treatment line, associated endocrine therapy, performance status (PS), weight, renal clearance, hemoglobin level, absolute white blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophils count and absolute platelet count. A ROC analysis was performed to identify the best cut-off for baseline weight in predicting a RDI <75%, while continuous laboratory variables were dichotomized according to clinically relevant cut-offs.
Results: Overall, 142 patients were deemed eligible. Of these patients, 98 (69.0%) were treated with palbociclib plus fulvestrant, 44 (31.0%) with palbociclib plus aromatase inhibitors, and 73 (51.4%) in the first-line setting. The median number of administered palbociclib cycles was 8 (range: 1-24) and 61 patients (43.0%) required at least a first-level dose reduction (29 within 3 months). Furthermore, the median time to first dose reduction was 3.22 months, with neutropenia being responsible for 85.24% of first-level dose reductions. In the whole cohort, median RDI was 90.5% (95.1% for patients without dose reduction and 80% for those who had received a dose reduction). Notably, 28 patients (19.7%) experienced a RDI <75%. Through multivariate logistic regression, baseline weight ≤66 kg (OR 3.01, 95% CI: 1.08-8.35, p=0.03) and WBC ≤4.5 × 109/L (OR 3.15, 95% CI: 1.08-9.12, p=0.03) were independently associated with a RDI <75%. Moreover, baseline weight ≤66 kg was also significantly correlated with early dose reduction (OR 2.77, 95% CI: 1.09-7.01, p=0.03). After a median follow-up of 11.76 months, median PFS was 13.99 months. When exploring potential prognostic factors, neither a RDI <75% (HR 1.01, 95% CI: 0.52-1.95, p=0.97) nor a dose reduction within the first 3 months (HR 1.39, 95% CI: 0.67-2.91, p=0.31) did significantly impact PFS.
Conclusions: In our analysis, baseline weight and WBC were statistically associated with a RDI <75% in patients with MBC treated with palbociclib. Furthermore, baseline weight was also able to predict an early dose reduction in the study population. Lastly, early dose reduction and RDI <75% did not impact PFS. Although the small sample size and the limited follow-up, our results warrant further investigation in specifically designed trials.
Citation Format: Giacomo Pelizzari, Elisa Bertoli, Marco Giavarra, Carla Corvaja, Lorenzo Gerratana, Debora Basile, Michele Bartoletti, Camilla Lisanti, Lucia Bortot, Silvia Buriolla, Mattia Garutti, Debora Avoledo, Marta Bonotto, Lucia Da Ros, Silvia Bolzonello, Mauro Mansutti, Paola Di Nardo, Gianpiero Fasola, Simon Spazzapan, Alessandro M Minisini, Fabio Puglisi. Predictors of relative dose intensity and early dose reduction in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib and endocrine therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pelizzari
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisa Bertoli
- 2Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Oncology, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marco Giavarra
- 2Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Oncology, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Debora Basile
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Camilla Lisanti
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucia Bortot
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Buriolla
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mattia Garutti
- 3Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Debora Avoledo
- 4Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Marta Bonotto
- 5Department of Oncology, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Da Ros
- 6Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolzonello
- 6Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mauro Mansutti
- 5Department of Oncology, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Paola Di Nardo
- 6Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Fasola
- 5Department of Oncology, ASUIUD University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- 6Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Fabio Puglisi
- 1Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
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Biganzoli L, Cinieri S, Berardi R, Pedersini R, McCartney A, Minisini AM, Caremoli ER, Spazzapan S, Magnolfi E, Brunello A, Risi E, Palumbo R, Leo S, Colleoni M, Donati S, De Placido S, Orlando L, Pistelli M, Parolin V, Mislang A, Becheri D, Puglisi F, Sanna G, Zafarana E, Boni L, Mottino G. EFFECT: a randomized phase II study of efficacy and impact on function of two doses of nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment in older women with advanced breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2020; 22:83. [PMID: 32758299 PMCID: PMC7405344 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-020-01319-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited data are available regarding the use of nab-paclitaxel in older patients with breast cancer. A weekly schedule is recommended, but there is a paucity of evidence regarding the optimal dose. We evaluated the efficacy of two different doses of weekly nab-paclitaxel, with a specific focus on their corresponding impact on patient function, in order to address the lack of data specifically relating to the older population. METHODS EFFECT is an open-label, phase II trial wherein 160 women with advanced breast cancer aged ≥ 65 years were enrolled from 15 institutions within Italy. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive nab-paclitaxel 100 mg/m2 (arm A) or 125 mg/m2 (arm B) on days 1, 8, and 15 on a 28-day cycle, as first-line treatment for advanced disease. The primary endpoint was event-free survival (EFS), wherein an event was defined as disease progression (PD), functional decline (FD), or death. In each arm, the null hypothesis that the median EFS would be ≤ 7 months was tested against a one-sided alternative according to the Brookmeyer Crowley test. Secondary endpoints included objective response rate (ORR), clinical benefit rate (CBR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 32.6 months, 140 events were observed in 158 evaluable patients. Median EFS was 8.2 months (90% CI, 5.9-8.9; p = 0.188) in arm A vs 8.3 months (90% CI, 6.2-9.7, p = 0.078) in arm B. Progression-free survival, overall survival, and response rates were similar in both groups. A higher percentage of dose reductions and discontinuations due to adverse events (AEs) was noted in arm B. The most frequently reported non-haematological AEs were fatigue (grade [G] 2-3 toxicity occurrence in arm A vs B, 43% and 51%, respectively) and peripheral neuropathy (G2-3 arm A vs B, 19% and 38%, respectively). CONCLUSION Pre-specified outcomes were similar in both treatment arms. However, 100 mg/m2 was significantly better tolerated with fewer neurotoxicity-related events, representing a more feasible dose to be recommended for older patients with advanced disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT, 2012-002707-18 . Registered on June 4, 2012. NIH ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02783222 . Retrospectively registered on May 26, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Biganzoli
- grid.430148.a“Sandro Pitigliani” Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, ASL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Saverio Cinieri
- grid.417511.7Department of Medical Oncology, Perrino Hospital, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Rossana Berardi
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | | | - Amelia McCartney
- grid.430148.a“Sandro Pitigliani” Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, ASL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Elena Rota Caremoli
- Cancer Centre, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Unit of Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS CRO di Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Emanuela Magnolfi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Civile SS Trinità di Sora, Frosinone, Italy
| | - Antonella Brunello
- grid.419546.b0000 0004 1808 1697Department of Medical Oncology, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Emanuela Risi
- grid.430148.a“Sandro Pitigliani” Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, ASL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Leo
- grid.417011.20000 0004 1769 6825Department of Medical Oncology, Vito Fazzi Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Colleoni
- grid.15667.330000 0004 1757 0843Division of Medical Senology, IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Donati
- grid.459640.a0000 0004 0625 0318Department of Oncology, Versilia Hospital (Camaiore-Lu), Viareggio, Italy
| | - Sabino De Placido
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Endocrinology and Molecular and Clinical Oncology, AOU Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Laura Orlando
- grid.417511.7Department of Medical Oncology, Perrino Hospital, ASL Brindisi, Brindisi, Italy
| | - Mirco Pistelli
- grid.7010.60000 0001 1017 3210Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Veronica Parolin
- grid.411475.20000 0004 1756 948XDepartment of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Mislang
- grid.430148.a“Sandro Pitigliani” Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, ASL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy ,grid.414925.f0000 0000 9685 0624Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | | | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Integrata di Udine, Udine, Italy ,grid.417893.00000 0001 0807 2568Unit of Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS CRO di Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Sanna
- grid.430148.a“Sandro Pitigliani” Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, ASL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Elena Zafarana
- grid.430148.a“Sandro Pitigliani” Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital of Prato, ASL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- grid.24704.350000 0004 1759 9494Clinical Trials Centre, AOU University Hospital Careggi, Florence, Italy
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21
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De Laurentiis M, Mazza M, Mansutti M, Masetti R, Ballatore Z, Torrisi R, Michelotti A, Zambelli A, Ferro A, Generali D, Vici P, Coltelli L, Fabi A, Marchetti P, Ballestrero A, Spazzapan S, Frassoldati A, Sarobba G, Grasso D, Zamagni C. Safety and efficacy of ribociclib (RIBO) + letrozole (LET) in patients (pts) with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC): Interim results from the Italian cohort of the CompLEEment-1 (C-1) study. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz242.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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22
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Pelizzari G, Gerratana L, Basile D, Bartoletti M, Lisanti C, Garattini SK, Bortot L, Corvaja C, Buriolla S, Curtolo G, Garutti M, Di Nardo P, Torrisi E, Da Ros L, Freschi A, Saracchini S, Bolzonello S, Miolo G, Spazzapan S, Puglisi F. Role of anthracyclines in neoadjuvant anti-HER2 regimens for HER2+ breast cancer (BC): A network meta-analysis (NMA). J Clin Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
577 Background: It is matter of current debate which would be the best chemotherapy backbone of neoadjuvant HER2-targeted therapy for HER2+ BC. The TRAIN 2 trial showed no significant difference in terms of pathological complete response (pCR) when anthracyclines–based (CTA) or anthracyclines–free regimens (CT) were combined with dual HER2 blockade. However, it remains unclear how anthracyclines may influence the relative benefit across different anti-HER2 treatments. Methods: A systematic review was conducted which included all phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing different neoadjuvant regimens for HER2+ BC. pCR (yT0/isN0) was the outcome of interest. Indirect comparisons of all combination of anti-HER2 agents with CTA or CT were estimated with a random-effects frequentist NMA. Estimated pCR rates were inferred adopting a Bayesian NMA. Results: 17 RCTs (3933 patients) were included. Overall, 8 arms were identified, comprising all possible combinations of CTA and CT with trastuzumab (H), lapatinib (L) and dual HER2 blockade (D) but also CTA and D only. Odds ratios (OR) for pCR and 95% confidence interval (CI) of selected NMA comparisons are shown in the table. Estimated rates of pCR for each treatment and 95% credible interval (CrI) are reported in the table. Conclusions: Through indirect comparisons, no significant pCR gain was found for CTA vs CT when combined to D, H and L. In particular, considering double vs single-agent anti-HER2 regimens, D-CT remains superior to H-CTA, supporting a possible omission of anthracyclines when dual anti-HER2 block is used. On the contrary, our pooled estimate suggests a more relevant role for anthracyclines when comparing H-CT/A vs CTA. Moreover, we estimated a 4% pCR gain for D-CTA vs D-CT, and an 8% higher pCR rate for H-CTA vs H-CT. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Pelizzari
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Gerratana
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Debora Basile
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Michele Bartoletti
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Camilla Lisanti
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvio Ken Garattini
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Lucia Bortot
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Carla Corvaja
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Silvia Buriolla
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Gianluca Curtolo
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
| | - Mattia Garutti
- U.O.C Oncologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Roma; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Paola Di Nardo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elena Torrisi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Lucia Da Ros
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Andrea Freschi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvana Saracchini
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Silvia Bolzonello
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine; Dipartimento di Oncologia Medica, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, Udine, Italy
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23
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Vinante L, Avanzo M, Furlan C, Fiorica F, Perin T, Militello L, Spazzapan S, Berretta M, Jena R, Stancanello J, Piccoli E, Mileto M, Micheli E, Roncadin M, Massarut S, Trovò M. Ten daily fractions for partial breast irradiation. Long-term results of a prospective phase II trial. Breast J 2019; 25:243-249. [PMID: 30714257 DOI: 10.1111/tbj.13195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Partial breast irradiation (PBI) is an effective adjuvant treatment after breast conservative surgery for selected early-stage breast cancer patients. However, the best fractionation scheme is not well defined. Hereby, we report the 5-year clinical outcome and toxicity of a phase II prospective study of a novel regimen to deliver PBI, which consists in 40 Gy delivered in 10 daily fractions. Patients with early-stage (pT1-pT2, pN0-pN1a, M0) invasive breast cancer were enrolled after conservative surgery. The minimum age at diagnosis was 60 years old. PBI was delivered with 3D-conformal radiotherapy technique with a total dose of 40 Gy, fractionated in 10 daily fractions (4 Gy/fraction). Eighty patients were enrolled. The median follow-up was 67 months. Five-year local control (LC), disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) were 95%, 91%, and 96%, respectively. Grade I and II subcutaneous fibrosis were documented in 23% and 5% of cases. No grade III late toxicity was observed. PBI delivered in 40 Gy in 10 daily fractions provided good clinical results and was a valid radiotherapy option for early-stage breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Vinante
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Avanzo
- Division of Medical Physics, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Carlo Furlan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Belluno General Hospital, Belluno, Italy
| | - Francesco Fiorica
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Department of Pathology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Loredana Militello
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Berretta
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Rajesh Jena
- Oncology Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Erica Piccoli
- Breast Surgery Unit, Department of Oncology and Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Mario Mileto
- Breast Surgery Unit, Department of Oncology and Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elvia Micheli
- Department of General Surgery, Pordenone General Hospital, Pordenone, Italy
| | - Mario Roncadin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Samuele Massarut
- Breast Surgery Unit, Department of Oncology and Surgery, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marco Trovò
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO) IRCCS, Aviano, Italy.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Udine General Hospital, Udine, Italy
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24
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Ruhstaller T, Giobbie-Hurder A, Colleoni M, Jensen MB, Ejlertsen B, de Azambuja E, Neven P, Láng I, Jakobsen EH, Gladieff L, Bonnefoi H, Harvey VJ, Spazzapan S, Tondini C, Del Mastro L, Veyret C, Simoncini E, Gianni L, Rochlitz C, Kralidis E, Zaman K, Jassem J, Piccart-Gebhart M, Di Leo A, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A, Thürlimann B, Regan MM. Adjuvant Letrozole and Tamoxifen Alone or Sequentially for Postmenopausal Women With Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of the BIG 1-98 Trial. J Clin Oncol 2018; 37:105-114. [PMID: 30475668 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Luminal breast cancer has a long natural history, with recurrences continuing beyond 10 years after diagnosis. We analyzed long-term follow-up (LTFU) of efficacy outcomes and adverse events in the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 study reported after a median follow-up of 12.6 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS BIG 1-98 is a four-arm, phase III, double-blind, randomized trial comparing adjuvant letrozole versus tamoxifen (either treatment received for 5 years) and their sequences (2 years of one treatment plus 3 years of the other) for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer. When pharmaceutical company sponsorship ended at 8.4 years of median follow-up, academic partners initiated an observational, LTFU extension collecting annual data on survival, disease status, and adverse events. Information from Denmark was from the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Registry. Intention-to-treat analyses are reported. RESULTS Of 8,010 enrolled patients, 4,433 were alive and not withdrawn at an LTFU participating center, and 3,833 (86%) had at least one LTFU report. For the monotherapy comparison of letrozole versus tamoxifen, we found a 9% relative reduction in the hazard of a disease-free survival event with letrozole (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% CI, 0.81 to 1.01). HRs for other efficacy end points were similar to those for disease-free survival. Efficacy of letrozole versus tamoxifen for contralateral breast cancer varied significantly over time (0- to 5-, 5- to 10-, and > 10-year HRs, 0.62, 0.47, and 1.35, respectively; treatment-by-time interaction P = .005), perhaps reflecting a longer carryover effect of tamoxifen. Reporting of specific long-term adverse events seemed more effective with national registry than with case-record reporting of clinical follow-up. CONCLUSION Efficacy end points continued to show trends favoring letrozole. Letrozole reduced contralateral breast cancer frequency in the first 10 years, but this reversed beyond 10 years. This study illustrates the value of extended follow-up in trials of luminal breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marco Colleoni
- 3 European Institute of Oncology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Evandro de Azambuja
- 5 Institut Jules Bordet and L'Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - István Láng
- 7 National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Laurence Gladieff
- 9 Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lorenzo Gianni
- 17 Ospedale Infermi di Rimini, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
| | | | | | - Khalil Zaman
- 20 University Hospital Vaud University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Angelo Di Leo
- 22 Hospital of Prato-AUSL Toscana Centro, Prato, Italy
| | - Richard D Gelber
- 2 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,23 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,24 Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston, MA
| | - Alan S Coates
- 25 University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,26 International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Aron Goldhirsch
- 3 European Institute of Oncology Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Milan, Italy.,26 International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Beat Thürlimann
- 1 Kantonsspital St Gallen, St Gallen, Switzerland.,26 International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Meredith M Regan
- 2 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA.,23 Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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25
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Francis PA, Pagani O, Fleming GF, Walley BA, Colleoni M, Láng I, Gómez HL, Tondini C, Ciruelos E, Burstein HJ, Bonnefoi HR, Bellet M, Martino S, Geyer CE, Goetz MP, Stearns V, Pinotti G, Puglisi F, Spazzapan S, Climent MA, Pavesi L, Ruhstaller T, Davidson NE, Coleman R, Debled M, Buchholz S, Ingle JN, Winer EP, Maibach R, Rabaglio-Poretti M, Ruepp B, Di Leo A, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Goldhirsch A, Regan MM. Tailoring Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy for Premenopausal Breast Cancer. N Engl J Med 2018; 379:122-137. [PMID: 29863451 PMCID: PMC6193457 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1803164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 375] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Suppression of Ovarian Function Trial (SOFT) and the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Trial (TEXT), the 5-year rates of recurrence of breast cancer were significantly lower among premenopausal women who received the aromatase inhibitor exemestane plus ovarian suppression than among those who received tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression. The addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen did not result in significantly lower recurrence rates than those with tamoxifen alone. Here, we report the updated results from the two trials. METHODS Premenopausal women were randomly assigned to receive 5 years of tamoxifen, tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, or exemestane plus ovarian suppression in SOFT and to receive tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression or exemestane plus ovarian suppression in TEXT. Randomization was stratified according to the receipt of chemotherapy. RESULTS In SOFT, the 8-year disease-free survival rate was 78.9% with tamoxifen alone, 83.2% with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, and 85.9% with exemestane plus ovarian suppression (P=0.009 for tamoxifen alone vs. tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression). The 8-year rate of overall survival was 91.5% with tamoxifen alone, 93.3% with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression, and 92.1% with exemestane plus ovarian suppression (P=0.01 for tamoxifen alone vs. tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression); among the women who remained premenopausal after chemotherapy, the rates were 85.1%, 89.4%, and 87.2%, respectively. Among the women with cancers that were negative for HER2 who received chemotherapy, the 8-year rate of distant recurrence with exemestane plus ovarian suppression was lower than the rate with tamoxifen plus ovarian suppression (by 7.0 percentage points in SOFT and by 5.0 percentage points in TEXT). Grade 3 or higher adverse events were reported in 24.6% of the tamoxifen-alone group, 31.0% of the tamoxifen-ovarian suppression group, and 32.3% of the exemestane-ovarian suppression group. CONCLUSIONS Among premenopausal women with breast cancer, the addition of ovarian suppression to tamoxifen resulted in significantly higher 8-year rates of both disease-free and overall survival than tamoxifen alone. The use of exemestane plus ovarian suppression resulted in even higher rates of freedom from recurrence. The frequency of adverse events was higher in the two groups that received ovarian suppression than in the tamoxifen-alone group. (Funded by Pfizer and others; SOFT and TEXT ClinicalTrials.gov numbers, NCT00066690 and NCT00066703 , respectively.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Prudence A Francis
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Olivia Pagani
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Gini F Fleming
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Barbara A Walley
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Marco Colleoni
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - István Láng
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Henry L Gómez
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Carlo Tondini
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Eva Ciruelos
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Harold J Burstein
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Hervé R Bonnefoi
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Meritxell Bellet
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Silvana Martino
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Charles E Geyer
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Vered Stearns
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Graziella Pinotti
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Miguel A Climent
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Lorenzo Pavesi
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Thomas Ruhstaller
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Nancy E Davidson
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Robert Coleman
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Marc Debled
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Stefan Buchholz
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - James N Ingle
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Eric P Winer
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Rudolf Maibach
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Manuela Rabaglio-Poretti
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Barbara Ruepp
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Alan S Coates
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Richard D Gelber
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Aron Goldhirsch
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
| | - Meredith M Regan
- From the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, and Breast Cancer Trials Australia and New Zealand, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW (P.A.F.), and the University of Sydney, Sydney (A.S.C.) - all in Australia; the Institute of Oncology of Southern Switzerland, Ospedale San Giovanni, Bellinzona (O.P.), Breast Cancer St. Gallen, St. Gallen (T.R.), and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center (R.M., M.R.-P., B.R., A.S.C.), University Hospital Inselspital (M.R.-P.), Bern - all in Switzerland; the University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago (G.F.F.); the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada (B.A.W.); the Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology (M.C.), and the European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group (A.G.), Milan, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo (C.T.), Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi, Varese (G.P.), Medical Oncology and Cancer Prevention, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (F.P., S.S.), the Department of Medicine, School of Medical Oncology, University of Udine, Udine (F.P.), Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia (L.P.), and the Hospital of Prato-Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale Toscana Centro, Prato (A.D.L.) - all in Italy; the National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary (I.L.); Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas, Lima, Peru (H.L.G.); University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid (E.C.), Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona (M.B.), and Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, Valencia (M.A.C.) - all in Spain; the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers (H.J.B., E.P.W.) and the International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology (R.D.G., M.M.R.), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, and Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation (R.D.G.) - all in Boston; Institut Bergonié Comprehensive Cancer Center, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France (H.R.B., M.D.); the Angeles Clinic and Research Institute, Santa Monica, CA (S.M.); Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond (C.E.G.); Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.P.G., J.N.I.); Johns Hopkins Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore (V.S.); Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle (N.E.D.); Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom (R.C.); and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany (S.B.)
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Bortolussi R, Spazzapan S, Lombardi D, Colussi AM, Veronesi A, Matovic M, De Cicco M. Opioid Consumption in Hospitals of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia Region: A Four-Year Retrospective Study. Tumori 2018; 90:96-102. [PMID: 15143980 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Opioid consumption for analgesic purposes is considered an important indicator of the quality of cancer pain treatment. Italy's consumption ranks among the lowest in economically developed countries. A lack of systematic education of health care professionals regarding pain control and a sort of “opiophobia” induced by measures designed to control the improper use of drugs have been indicated as possible reasons for this trend. The aim of this study was firstly to evaluate the level of opioid consumption at inpatient institutions (where opioid prescription rules have never been subjected to any restriction) and secondly to survey the attitude of the physicians working in general hospitals and specialized oncology institutions (oncology centers and hospices) towards opioid administration. Methods The authors performed a four-year survey (1996–1999) on the consumption of major opioids (morphine, meperidine, buprenorphine, transdermal fentanyl) among all the inpatient institutions (six regional/provincial hospitals, eleven district hospitals, the Aviano Oncology Institute and two hospices) of the Friuli-Venezia Giulia region in North-Eastern Italy. To facilitate data interpretation, all the opioids were converted to milligrams equivalent of oral morphine (mg OME). Data on the number of days of hospitalization of oncological patients in every institution were also collected. Results The overall consumption of opioids was 9,299,177 mg OME (83.3%) and 1,845,060 mg OME (16.7%) in general hospitals and specialized oncology institutions, respectively. Overall, the number of days of hospitalization of oncological patients was 1,121,142 (87%) and 167,665 (13%) in general hospitals and specialized oncology institutions, respectively. The ratio between the total dosage of mg OME administered and the total number of hospitalization days in general hospitals and specialized oncology institutions was 8.29 mg OME/day and 11 mg OME/day, respectively. Conclusions Our data show that in specialized oncology institutions, opioid consumption was proportionally higher than in general hospitals. This result indicates the attitude of the physicians of these institutions towards opioid administration, probably due to the training received on cancer pain treatment, and emphasizes the need to educate all health care workers involved in the management of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bortolussi
- Unità Operativa Semplice di Terapia del Dolore e Cure Palliative, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, PN, Italy.
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Abstract
The diagnosis of breast cancer during pregnancy is a rare event, but the young age of the patient together with the emotional impact for both the family and the doctors make therapeutic choices usually very difficult. Until recently, the occurrence of pregnancy associated breast cancer was thought to hold a grave prognosis and therapeutic abortion was very often advised in common practice. The hormonal environment with the increase in estrogens and progesterone was the main factor for the fear of tumor stimulation. The course of breast cancer, however, does not appear to be adversely affected by continuation of pregnancy. In the last years it was realized that potentially curative therapies can be administered even when pregnancy is continued. Of course in the medical literature there is no randomized clinical trial helping in taking decision in this setting; however, a significant experience already exists in some institutions and can guide management in these difficult cases. The aim of our review is to give an answer to questions usually coming from various specialists who collaborate with the oncologists in treating these patients and furthermore to try and find some basic guidelines which can be used in the information of the patients regarding previous experience in this field. The problem of a pregnancy after treatment for breast cancer is also analyzed, as this aspect is an emerging issue in clinical oncology. The decision should be evaluated for each single patient, taking into account the prognosis of the patient and her desire of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Crivellari
- Division of Medical Oncology C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, 33081 Aviano, PN, Italy.
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Lombardi D, Crivellari D, Scuderi C, Magri MD, Spazzapan S, Sorio R, Di Lauro V, Scalone S, Veronesi A. Long-Term, weekly One-Hour Infusion of Paclitaxel in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Phase II Monoinstitutional Study. Tumori 2018; 90:285-8. [PMID: 15315306 DOI: 10.1177/030089160409000304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background A dose-dense therapy with weekly paclitaxel given as a 1-hr infusion yielded a 53% overall response rate in breast cancer patients resistant to anthracyclines, with a remarkable lack of neutropenia (Seidman, 1998). We performed a monoinstitutional phase II trial in order to confirm these interesting results. Patients and methods Eligibility criteria included advanced breast cancer and no taxane pretreatment. Paclitaxel was administered weekly at the dose of 90 mg/m2 (60 mg/m2 in patients at high risk of toxicity) by 1-hr iv infusion. Fifty-eight patients entered the trial. Median age was 54 years (range, 38-72). Performance status was good (median 1; range, 0-2). Fifty-two patients were pretreated with anthracyclines. Results A total of 1,004 weekly paclitaxel infusions were administered (median, 19 per patient; range, 4-43). The median delivered dose intensity was 67.4 mg/m2/week (range, 43-86). Twenty-eight of the 58 assessable patients obtained an objective response (48%), 15 had stable disease (26%) and 15 progressed (26%). The overall response rate was 48% (95% confidence interval, 35-61%) with 5 complete responses (8%). In anthracycline-pretreated patients, 23/52 (44%) responses were observed. Median duration of response was 5 months (range, 3-27). Toxicity was acceptable apart from a case of pulmonary embolism in a 70-year-old patient, 1 case of congestive heart failure in an anthracycline-pretreated patient aged 64, and 9 cases of G3 neutropenia. Peripheral neuropathy was observed in 38 patients (64%), usually of a mild grade; alopecia in 45 patients (78%) and onychopathy in 16 (28%), usually of a mild grade apart from 2 cases requiring treatment interruption. Tachycardia and atrial fibrillation occurred in a 55-year-old woman. Conclusions Our data seem to confirm the activity and safety of this approach even in a heavily pretreated population of patients. Its combination with other active drugs needs to be further investigated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Lombardi
- Division of Medical Oncology C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy.
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Lombardi D, Di Lauro V, Piani B, Scuderi C, Spazzapan S, Magri MD, Crivellari D, Annunziata MA, De Cicco M, Veronesi A. Acceptance of External Infusion Pumps in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Receiving Continuous Infusion Fluorouracil. Tumori 2018; 89:488-91. [PMID: 14870769 DOI: 10.1177/030089160308900505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background We investigated the physical and psychological adaptation to a protracted continuous infusion system in a series of patients receiving protracted continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil for advanced breast cancer. Patients and methods The protracted continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil was administered by means of a portable elastomeric pump (Baxter Seven-Day Infusor, 0.5 mL/hr) via an indwelling Groshong catheter. Patients were asked to complete a questionnaire exploring the impact of the continuous infusion system upon various aspects of daily life, the overall level of disturbance, the general judgement on its quality, and their willingness to resume the same kind of treatment in the future. All items were graded on a 4-point scale from 0 = not at all, to 4 = very much. Results Seventy-one patients were evaluated. All patients received 5-fluorouracil at the dose of 250 mg/m2/day as a protracted continuous infusion alone (n = 14) or in combination with vinorelbine (n = 45) or Taxol (n = 12). The median duration of the protracted continuous infusion before evaluation was 9 months (3–31). The mean level of disturbance to daily activities was 0.86 points. The activities most frequently disturbed by treatment included daily personal care (mean, 1.76 points) and sexual activity (mean, 1.20 points). Twenty-one patients required medical intervention because of problems related to the protracted continuous infusion system. The overall level of disturbance was rated at a mean level of 0.72 points, whereas the overall merits of the protracted continuous infusion system and the willingness of the patient to resume protracted continuous infusion in the future were rated at a mean level of 2.90 and 2.55 points, respectively. Conclusions The system for the protracted continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil was well tolerated by the patients, who were able in most cases to perform their daily activities with little or no disturbance, needing only occasional help, and were willing to resume the same treatment modality if necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Lombardi
- Division of Medical Oncology C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
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Lauro VD, Spazzapan S, Lombardi D, Paolello C, Scuderi C, Crivellari D, Magri MD, Veronesi A. Fourteen-Day Infusion of Ifosfamide in the Management of Advanced Breast Cancer Refractory to Protracted Continuous Infusion of 5-Fluorouracil. Tumori 2018; 87:27-9. [PMID: 11669554 DOI: 10.1177/030089160108700107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims and background Ifosfamide is an active drug in advanced breast cancer. Short-term continuous infusion schedules have been evaluated with encouraging results. The aim of the study was to evaluate in patients with advanced breast cancer a 14-day infusion schedule previously tested at our center in soft tissue sarcomas. Methods From July 1998 to February 2000, 26 consecutive patients with heavily pretreated breast cancer, progressing during protracted continuous infusion of fluorouracil, were treated with ifosfamide at the dose of 800 mg/m2/day for 14 consecutive days by means of an eiastomeric pump via an indwelling Groshong catheter. The median age of the patients was 52 years (range, 32-67) and median PS was 1 (range, 1-3). All patients were pretreated with anthracyclines or taxanes; the median number of chemotherapy lines in the metastatic phase was 2 (range, 1-4). Predominant metastatic sites were soft tissues in 5 patients, lung in 6, liver in 7 and serosal cavities in 3. Results Twenty-four patients were assessable for response. Two complete responses and 2 partial remissions were noted, for an overall 16.6% response rate. The duration of responses was 3+, 5, 8 and 10 months, respectively. Stabilization or minor response was observed in 2 more patients. The main toxic effect was myelosuppression (grade 1-2 in 15 patients, grade 3-4 in 4). Other toxicities included nausea in 14 patients (grade 3 in 2) and grade 1-2 vomiting in 2 patients. Hair loss or alopecia was universal. Conclusions The regimen yielded some clinically useful responses with acceptable toxicity. Its evaluation in less advanced cases appears to be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Lauro
- Division of Medical Oncology C, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Aviano, Italy
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Cortes J, Perez-Garcia J, Levy C, Gómez Pardo P, Bourgeois H, Spazzapan S, Martínez-Jañez N, Chao TC, Espié M, Nabholtz J, Gonzàlez Farré X, Beliakouski V, Román García J, Holgado E, Campone M. Open-label randomised phase III trial of vinflunine versus an alkylating agent in patients with heavily pretreated metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2018; 29:881-887. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Biganzoli L, Berardi R, Pedersini R, Minisini AM, Caremoli ER, Spazzapan S, Lima JS, Baldari D, Orlando L, Magnolfi E, Pistelli M, Brunello A, Zafarana E, Bernardo A, Leo S, Colleoni M, Donati S, De Placido S, Parolin V, Vitale S, Di Leo A, Puglisi F, Boni L, Cinieri S. Abstract P6-14-01: The effect trial: A randomized phase II trial evaluating two different doses of weekly (W) NAB-paclitaxel (NP) as first-line chemotherapy in older breast cancer (BC) patients (pts). Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p6-14-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: W taxanes (T) are commonly used in the treatment of older BC pts, with neurotoxicity (NTX) and fatigue being dose-limiting toxicities with a possible negative impact on function. No prospective data exists on the safety and efficacy of W NP in this population. NP might be of particular value in older pts, due to no need for premedication with steroids and shorter time to recovery from neurotoxicity than conventional T, resulting in a reduced risk of exacerbation of comorbidities such as hypertension and diabetes, and possibly of functional decline (FD). Methods: Pts aged ≥ 65 years (y) with Her-2 negative or Her-2 positive (+), but contraindicated to anti-Her-2 therapy, advanced BC were randomized to receive NP as first-line chemotherapy at either 100 (Arm A) or 125 mg/m2 (Arm B), days 1, 8, 15 q 28. The primary end-point was event-free survival (EFS). An event was either disease progression (PD), death, or FD - defined as a decrease of at least 1 point from baseline values of activities of daily living (ADL) or instrumental ADL (IADL), deemed by the investigator as treatment-related and confirmed at the subsequent cycle. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS), response rate (RR) in pts with measurable disease, and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Results: From January 2013 to September 2016, 160 pts were randomized in 15 Italian centres; all but 2 who never started NP were eligible for final analysis. Pts median age was 72y (range 65-84) in Arm A and 73y (range 65-88) in Arm B. Median ECOG performance status was 0 (range 0-2). Baseline IADL impairment was reported in 20 pts (25%) in both arms. >80% pts had ER+ tumors; 2 pts had HER2+ disease. Visceral disease was present in 71% (Arm A) and 70% (Arm B) of pts. Prior exposure to T in the neo/adjuvant setting was 14% (Arm A) and 13% (Arm B). Median number of delivered cycles of NP was 6 (range 1-28 in Arm A, and 1-22 in Arm B), with 3 pts still on treatment. Dose reductions were similarly reported (72% of pts Arm A, 78% of pts Arm B). At a median follow-up of 21 months (mos) (Interquartile range 14-28.4) 140 events were observed. Arm A/Arm B: PD n=53(67%)/n=52(66%); FD n=13(15%)/n=14(18%), death n=3(4%)n=5(6%). Outcomes data are reported in the following table:
Outcomes Arm AArm BMedian EFS, mos (90% CI)6.2 (5.5-8.4)6.4 (5.8-7.7)Median PFS, mos (95% CI)8.3 (5.9-10.5)8.8 (7.4-10.3)RR (95% CI)37% (25-50)42% (30-54)
Fatigue (Arm A: grade (G)2 29%, G3 11%; Arm B: G2 46%, G3 5%) and NTX (Arm A: G2 15%, G3 4%; Arm B: G2 28%, G3 8%) were the most frequently reported AEs. No G4 AEs were reported with the exception of neutropenia (1 pt in arm A) and leucopenia (3 pts in Arm A, 1 pt in arm B). 1 G5 (sepsis) was recorded in Arm B. NTX was reported as the reason for treatment discontinuation in 21 pts (13%) of whom 16 (21%) in arm B. Conclusion: Looking at classical study endpoints (PFS, RR), both doses of NP are active in older pts. However, 17% of pts had to stop treatment due to FD, assessed according to predefined criteria. Due to similar efficacy and reduced NTX, W NP 100 is the suggested dose to be used in older pts with advanced BC.
Citation Format: Biganzoli L, Berardi R, Pedersini R, Minisini AM, Caremoli ER, Spazzapan S, Lima JS, Baldari D, Orlando L, Magnolfi E, Pistelli M, Brunello A, Zafarana E, Bernardo A, Leo S, Colleoni M, Donati S, De Placido S, Parolin V, Vitale S, Di Leo A, Puglisi F, Boni L, Cinieri S. The effect trial: A randomized phase II trial evaluating two different doses of weekly (W) NAB-paclitaxel (NP) as first-line chemotherapy in older breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P6-14-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Biganzoli
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - R Berardi
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - R Pedersini
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - AM Minisini
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - ER Caremoli
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - S Spazzapan
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - JS Lima
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - D Baldari
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - L Orlando
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - E Magnolfi
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - M Pistelli
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - A Brunello
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - E Zafarana
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - A Bernardo
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - S Leo
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - M Colleoni
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - S Donati
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - S De Placido
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - V Parolin
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - S Vitale
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - A Di Leo
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - F Puglisi
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - L Boni
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
| | - S Cinieri
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Instituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy; Clinica Oncologica – Università Politecnica delle Marche – Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, Ancona, Italy; Oncologia-Breast Unit Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Dipartimento di Area Medica, Università degli Studi di Udine, Udine, Udine, Italy; Oncologia Medica A.O.Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; Oncologia Medica B, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Aviano, Aviano, Italy; Clinical Trials Coordinating Centre, AOU Careggi Instituto Toscano Tumori, Firenze, Italy; Oncologia Medica, Ospedale Perrino, ASL Brindisi Sora, Brindisi, Italy; Oncologia Medica Ospedale Civile SS Trinità di SoraOV Padova, Frosinone, Italy; Oncologia Medica 1 Istituto Oncologico Veneto- IOV Padova, Padova, Italy; Unita Operativa Complessa di Oncologia, Fondazione Maugeri, IRCCS di Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Oncologia Geriatrica, U.O. Oncologia Medica, Ospedale V. Fazzi, Lecce, Italy; Istituto Europeo di Oncologia di Milano, Mila
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Crivellari D, Spazzapan S, Lombardi D, Militello L, Torrisi E, Russo AE, Sorio R, Talamini R, Miolo G, Carli P, Veronesi A. Lapatinib-Based Therapy in Heavily Pretreated HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Single Institution Experience. Tumori 2018; 98:33-8. [DOI: 10.1177/030089161209800104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background Lapatinib in combination with capecitabine is feasible in patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer pretreated with anthracyclines, taxanes and trastuzumab, but inferior results were reported in the global lapatinib expanded access program in comparison with the phase III registration trial. Methods and Study Design Women with HER2-positive metastatic breast carcinoma after antracycline, taxane and trastuzumab-based regimens were treated at progression with lapatinib plus capecitabine. The outcome of these patients was evaluated. From April 2007 to August 2010, 68 patients were treated overall. Results Median progression-free survival was 6 months (range, 1–29), and median overall survival was 26 months (range, 1–39). Eight (12%; 95% CI, 4–25) patients experienced a complete response. Partial response was observed in 22 patients (31%; 95% CI, 20–42), for an overall response rate of 43% (95% CI, 31–55). The treatment with lapatinib plus capecitabine was well tolerated, with grade 3–4 toxicity reported in few patients, and no treatment-related deaths were noted. Of note, no cardiac toxicity was reported in this highly pretreated group of patients or in the subgroup of 10 elderly patients. Conclusions Our data confirm that lapatinib plus capecitabine is an active regimen even in heavily pretreated patients with visceral and brain metastases and is feasible and active also in selected elderly patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Crivellari
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
| | - Davide Lombardi
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
| | - Loredana Militello
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Elena Torrisi
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Alessia E Russo
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
- Dept of Biomedical Sciences, University of Catania, Catania
| | - Roberto Sorio
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
| | | | - Gianmaria Miolo
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
| | - Paolo Carli
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
| | - Andrea Veronesi
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Medical Oncology C, CRO, Aviano (PN)
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Trovo M, Furlan C, Polesel J, Fiorica F, Arcangeli S, Giaj-Levra N, Alongi F, Del Conte A, Militello L, Muraro E, Martorelli D, Spazzapan S, Berretta M. Radical radiation therapy for oligometastatic breast cancer: Results of a prospective phase II trial. Radiother Oncol 2018; 126:177-180. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2017.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Muraro E, Furlan C, Avanzo M, Martorelli D, Comaro E, Rizzo A, Fae' DA, Berretta M, Militello L, Del Conte A, Spazzapan S, Dolcetti R, Trovo' M. Local High-Dose Radiotherapy Induces Systemic Immunomodulating Effects of Potential Therapeutic Relevance in Oligometastatic Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1476. [PMID: 29163540 PMCID: PMC5681493 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Local irradiation of cancer through radiotherapy can induce spontaneous regression of non-directly irradiated lesions, suggesting the involvement of systemic antitumor immune responses. In oligometastatic breast cancer (BC) patients, the use of stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) favors the local control of treated lesions and may contribute to break local tolerance and release tumor-associated antigens (TAAs), improving host antitumor immunity. We performed a detailed immunomonitoring of BC patients undergoing SBRT to verify its ability to “switch on” the anti-tumor immunity both systemically, in peripheral blood, and locally, employing in vitro BC models. Twenty-one BC patients with ≤6 metastases were treated with 3 daily doses of 10 Gy with SBRT. Blood samples for immune profiling were collected before and after treatment. One month after treatment a third of patients displayed the boosting or even the de novo appearance of polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses against known BC TAAs (survivin, mammaglobin-A, HER2), through intracellular staining in flow cytometry. Half of patients showed increased numbers of activated natural killer (NK) cells, measured with multispectral flow cytometry, immediately after the first dose of SBRT. Interestingly, high levels of activated NK cells at diagnosis correlated with a longer progression-free survival. BC in vitro models, treated with the same SBRT modality, showed enhanced expression of MHC class-I and class-II, major histocompatibility complex class I-related chain A/B, and Fas molecules, and increased release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1β and TNF-α. Consistently, we noticed enhanced production of perforin by CD4+ T cells when patients’ lymphocytes were cultured in the presence of irradiated BC cell line, compared to untreated targets. Besides immunogenic effects, SBRT also enhanced the percentages of circulating regulatory T cells, and increased indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase and PD-L1 expression in BC in vitro models. These results suggest that SBRT may boost host antitumor immune responses also in an advanced disease setting such as oligometastatic BC, by inducing immunomodulating effects both locally and systemically. However, the concomitant induction of immunosuppressive pathways suggests that a combination with immunotherapy could further enhance the in situ vaccination ability of radiotherapy, possibly further improving the curative potential of SBRT in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Muraro
- Immunopathology and Biomarker Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Carlo Furlan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Avanzo
- Division of Medical Physics, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Debora Martorelli
- Immunopathology and Biomarker Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Elisa Comaro
- Immunopathology and Biomarker Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Aurora Rizzo
- Immunopathology and Biomarker Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Damiana A Fae'
- Immunopathology and Biomarker Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Loredana Militello
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Simon Spazzapan
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Immunopathology and Biomarker Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.,Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Marco Trovo'
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata of Udine, Udine, Italy
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Spazzapan S, Conte P, Simoncini E, Campone M, Miller M, Sonke G. Updated results from MONALEESA-2, a phase 3 trial of first-line ribociclib + letrozole in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2–) advanced breast cancer (ABC). Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx424.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Regan MM, Walley BA, Francis PA, Fleming GF, Láng I, Gómez HL, Colleoni M, Tondini C, Pinotti G, Salim M, Spazzapan S, Parmar V, Ruhstaller T, Abdi EA, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A, Pagani O. Concurrent and sequential initiation of ovarian function suppression with chemotherapy in premenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: an exploratory analysis of TEXT and SOFT. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:2225-2232. [PMID: 28911092 PMCID: PMC5834112 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent breast cancer treatment guidelines recommend that higher-risk premenopausal patients should receive ovarian function suppression (OFS) as part of adjuvant endocrine therapy. If chemotherapy is also given, it is uncertain whether to select concurrent or sequential OFS initiation. DESIGN AND METHODS We analyzed 1872 patients enrolled in the randomized phase III TEXT and SOFT trials who received adjuvant chemotherapy for hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer and upon randomization to an OFS-containing adjuvant endocrine therapy, initiated gonadotropin-releasing-hormone-agonist triptorelin. Breast cancer-free interval (BCFI) was compared between patients who received OFS concurrently with chemotherapy in TEXT (n = 1242) versus sequentially post-chemotherapy in SOFT (n = 630). Because timing of trial enrollment relative to adjuvant chemotherapy differed, we implemented landmark analysis re-defining BCFI beginning 1 year after final dose of chemotherapy (median, 15.5 and 8.1 months from enrollment to landmark in TEXT and SOFT, respectively). As a non-randomized treatment comparison, we implemented comparative-effectiveness propensity score methodology with weighted Cox modeling. RESULTS Distributions of several clinico-pathologic characteristics differed between groups. Patients who were premenopausal post-chemotherapy in SOFT were younger on average. The median duration of adjuvant chemotherapy was 18 weeks in both groups. There were 231 (12%) BC events after post-landmark median follow-up of about 5 years. Concurrent use of triptorelin with chemotherapy was not associated with a significant difference in post-landmark BCFI compared with sequential triptorelin post-chemotherapy, either in the overall population (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 0.72-1.72; P = 0.72; 4-year BCFI 89% in both groups), or in the subgroup of 692 women <40 years at diagnosis (HR = 1.13, 95% CI 0.69-1.84) who are less likely to develop chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea. CONCLUSION Based on comparative-effectiveness modeling of TEXT and SOFT after about 5 years median follow-up, with limited statistical power especially for the subgroup <40 years, neither detrimental nor beneficial effect of concurrent administration of OFS with chemotherapy on the efficacy of adjuvant therapy that includes chemotherapy was detected. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV NCT00066690 and NCT00066703.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Regan
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Boston, USA
| | - B. A. Walley
- University of Calgary and Canadian Cancer Trials Group, Calgary, Canada
| | - P. A. Francis
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, St Vincent’s Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne
- Australia & New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Melbourne, Australia
| | - G. F. Fleming
- The University of Chicago Medical Center and Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Chicago, USA
| | - I. Láng
- National Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Medical Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - H. L. Gómez
- Division of Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Lima, Peru
| | - M. Colleoni
- Division of Medical Senology, European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Milan
| | - C. Tondini
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bergamo
| | - G. Pinotti
- Medical Oncology, ASST Sette Laghi-Ospedale di Circolo and Fondazione Macchi and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Varese, Italy
| | - M. Salim
- Allan Blair Cancer Center, Regina, Canada
| | - S. Spazzapan
- Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Aviano, Italy
| | - V. Parmar
- Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Mumbai, India
| | - T. Ruhstaller
- Breast Center St. Gallen, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK) , St. Gallen
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - E. A. Abdi
- Australia & New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group and International Breast Cancer Study Group, The Tweed Hospital, Griffith University Gold Coast, Tweed Heads, Australia
| | - R. D. Gelber
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation, Boston, USA
| | - A. S. Coates
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Goldhirsch
- European Institute of Oncology and International Breast Cancer Study Group, Milan, Italy
| | - O. Pagani
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bellinzona
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Lugano, Viganello, Switzerland
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Thürlimann B, Giobbie-Hurder A, Colleoni M, Jensen MB, Ejlertsen B, de Azambuja E, Neven P, Láng I, Gladieff L, Bonnefoi H, Harvey VJ, Spazzapan S, Tondini C, Price K, Piccart-Gebhart M, Regan MM, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A. Abstract P2-09-05: 12 years' median follow up (MFU) of BIG 1-98: Adjuvant letrozole, tamoxifen and their sequence for postmenopausal women with endocrine responsive early breast cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p2-09-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 study is a randomized, phase 3, double-blind trial that compared five yrs of adjuvant treatment with letrozole, tamoxifen, or their sequence in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor–positive early breast cancer. The study is conducted by the International Breast Cancer Study Group (IBCSG) on behalf of BIG. 8010 patients (pts) were enrolled between March 1998 and May 2003, and first results demonstrating a significant DFS benefit favoring letrozole compared with tamoxifen were reported in 2005 at 25.8 months' MFU. Subsequent updates showed continuing DFS benefit and updated results published in 2011 at 8.1 yrs' MFU showed OS benefit. Industry-sponsorship of the original BIG 1-98 ended in 2010; IBCSG launched an observational, non-interventional long-term follow-up study (BIG 1-98 LTFU) to collect survival, disease status and adverse events for an additional 5 yrs. We report results from BIG 1-98 LTFU at 12 yrs' MFU.
Methods
The original trial includes the 8010 patients enrolled. The potential BIG 1-98 LTFU cohort consisted of 148 academic medical centers with a maximum of 6843 pts who were alive and continuing follow-up when the original study ended. Response bias was addressed using weighting class adjustments estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Unadjusted incidence rates are reported here per 1000 pt-yrs with 95% Poisson confidence intervals. An updated abstract will include adjusted incidence rates, as well as estimates of OS and DFS based on a weighted Kaplan-Meier approach. The database will close in July 2016.
Results
As of May 2016, 81 centers participated in the BIG 1-98 LTFU study, contributing data from approximately 3900 pts (57%) and extending MFU to 12 yrs. Compared with the potential cohort of 6843 pts, the ~3900 in the LTFU analytic cohort were more likely to be under age 65 yrs at enrollment, have node-positive disease, and have tumors that were < 2 cm, PgR positive (≥1%), and with no evidence of peritumoral vascular invasion. Extended adjuvant endocrine therapy for primary BC was continued in 2% of pts. Unadjusted incidence estimates of myocardial infarction increased during LTFU, while incidence of thromboembolic events and osteoporosis decreased (Table). Variations in incidence rates were noted depending on recording mechanism (e.g. registry, clinic visit, telephone, information from family).
Unadjusted Incidence Rate/1000 pt-yrs (95% CI)Adverse EventDuring original studyDuring LTFUMyocardial Infarction1.7 (1.4-2.0)3.5 (2.7-4.5)Thromboembolic event6.0 (5.4-6.6)2.5 (1.8-3.3)Osteoporosis23.6 (22.5-24.9)18.2 (16.3-20.3)Bone fractures17.2 (16.2-18.3)15.0 (13.2-16.9)
Overall 1845 deaths were reported; the unadjusted incidence of death was lower in the original study compared with during LTFU (21.9 vs. 26.6/1000 pt-yrs); incidence remained relatively stable for pts assigned to tamoxifen (24.9 vs. 25.2/1000 pt-yrs), and increased for pts assigned to letrozole (22.0 vs. 27.1/1000 pt-yrs).
Conclusions
The BIG 1-98 LTFU study has been successfully conducted. The additional data from the BIG 1-98 LTFU study provides important long-term clinical information about OS, DFS and adverse events.
Citation Format: Thürlimann B, Giobbie-Hurder A, Colleoni M, Jensen M-B, Ejlertsen B, de Azambuja E, Neven P, Láng I, Gladieff L, Bonnefoi H, Harvey VJ, Spazzapan S, Tondini C, Price K, Piccart-Gebhart M, Regan MM, Gelber RD, Coates AS, Goldhirsch A. 12 years' median follow up (MFU) of BIG 1-98: Adjuvant letrozole, tamoxifen and their sequence for postmenopausal women with endocrine responsive early breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-09-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Thürlimann
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - A Giobbie-Hurder
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - M Colleoni
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - M-B Jensen
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - B Ejlertsen
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - E de Azambuja
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - P Neven
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - I Láng
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - L Gladieff
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - H Bonnefoi
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - VJ Harvey
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - S Spazzapan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - C Tondini
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - K Price
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - M Piccart-Gebhart
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - MM Regan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - RD Gelber
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - AS Coates
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
| | - A Goldhirsch
- International Breast Cancer Study Group and BIG 1-98 Collaborative Group
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Phillips KA, Regan MM, Ribi K, Francis PA, Puglisi F, Bellet M, Spazzapan S, Karlsson P, Budman DR, Zaman K, Abdi EA, Domchek SM, Feng Y, Price KN, Coates AS, Gelber RD, Maruff P, Boyle F, Forbes JF, Ahles T, Fleming GF, Bernhard J. Adjuvant ovarian function suppression and cognitive function in women with breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2016; 114:956-64. [PMID: 27092785 PMCID: PMC4984913 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To examine the effect on cognitive function of adjuvant ovarian function suppression (OFS) for breast cancer. Methods: The Suppression of Ovarian Function (SOFT) trial randomised premenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer to 5 years adjuvant endocrine therapy with tamoxifen+OFS, exemestane+OFS or tamoxifen alone. The Co-SOFT substudy assessed objective cognitive function and patient reported outcomes at randomisation (T0), and 1 year later (T1); the primary endpoint was change in global cognitive function, measured by the composite objective cognitive function score. Data were compared for the pooled tamoxifen+OFS and exemestane+OFS groups vs the tamoxifen alone group using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Results: Of 86 participants, 74 underwent both T0 and T1 cognitive testing; 54 randomised to OFS+ either tamoxifen (28) or exemestane (26) and 20 randomised to tamoxifen alone. There was no significant difference in the changes in the composite cognitive function scores between the OFS+ tamoxifen or exemestane groups and the tamoxifen group (mean±s.d., −0.21±0.92 vs −0.04±0.49, respectively, P=0.71, effect size=−0.20), regardless of prior chemotherapy status, and adjusting for baseline characteristics. Conclusions: The Co-SOFT study, although limited by small samples size, provides no evidence that adding OFS to adjuvant oral endocrine therapy substantially affects global cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly-Anne Phillips
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group (ANZBCTG), Platt Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.,International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland
| | - Meredith M Regan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Department of Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karin Ribi
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 40, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland
| | - Prudence A Francis
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, St Andrew's Place, East Melbourne, VIC 3002, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.,Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group (ANZBCTG), Platt Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.,International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Piazzale S.M. Misericordia 15, Udine 33100, Italy.,School of Medical Oncology, The University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Meritxell Bellet
- Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO) and Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, Barcelona 08035, Spain.,SOLTI Group, Barcelona 08008, Spain
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, Aviano 33081, Italy
| | - Per Karlsson
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Röda stråket 16, Gothenburg 413 45, Sweden
| | - Daniel R Budman
- Monter Cancer Center of the North Shore-LIJ Health System, 450 Lakeville Road, Lake Success, NY 11042, USA.,NRG Oncology, Four Penn Center, 1600 JFK Blvd, Suite 1020, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Khalil Zaman
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, Breast Center CHUV, Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne 1011, Switzerland
| | - Ehtesham A Abdi
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group (ANZBCTG), Platt Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.,International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,Tweed Heads Hospital, Tweed Heads, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Powell Street, Tweed Heads, NSW 2485, Australia
| | - Susan M Domchek
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.,ECOG-ACRIN, 1818 Market Street, Suite 1100, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA
| | - Yang Feng
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Karen N Price
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation
| | - Alan S Coates
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group (ANZBCTG), Platt Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.,International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Richard D Gelber
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Statistical Center, Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Frontier Science and Technology Research Foundation.,Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Paul Maruff
- Cogstate Ltd, 2/255 Bourke Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Frances Boyle
- Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group (ANZBCTG), Platt Street, Waratah, NSW 2298, Australia.,International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,Mater Hospital, 40 Rocklands Road, North Sydney, NSW 2060, Australia
| | - John F Forbes
- International Breast Cancer Study Group, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,University of Newcastle, Calvary Mater Newcastle Hospital, Australia.,Australia and New Zealand Breast Cancer Trials Group (ANZBCTG), NBN Telethon Mater Institute, Locked Bag 7 HRMC, Newcastle, NSW 2298, Australia
| | - Tim Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, 641 Lexington Ave Fl 7, New York, NY 10022, USA.,Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Gini F Fleming
- Alliance for Clinical Trials in Oncology, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.,The University of Chicago Medical Center, 5841 South Maryland Ave, MC 2115, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jürg Bernhard
- International Breast Cancer Study Group Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 40, Bern CH-3008, Switzerland.,Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern CH-3010, Switzerland
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Trovo M, Furlan C, Berretta M, Militello L, Spazzapan S, Polesel J, Del Conte A, Arcangeli S, Fiorentino A, Franchin G. PO-0675: Radical radiotherapy in ologometastatic breast cancer patients. Radiother Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(16)31925-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Trovo M, Piccoli E, Micheli E, Mileto M, Favaro A, Perin T, Spazzapan S, Massarut S, Roncadin M. Five Year Results With 3-D Conformal Radiation Therapy to Deliver Partial-Breast Irradiation Consisting of 40 Gy in 10 Daily Fractions. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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43
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Gori S, Inno A, Fiorio E, Foglietta J, Ferro A, Gulisano M, Pinotti G, Gubiotti M, Cavazzini MG, Turazza M, Duranti S, De Simone V, Iezzi L, Bisagni G, Spazzapan S, Cavanna L, Saggia C, Bria E, Cretella E, Vici P, Santini D, Fabi A, Garrone O, Frassoldati A, Amaducci L, Saracchini S, Evangelisti L, Barni S, Gamucci T, Mentuccia L, Laudadio L, Zoboli A, Marchetti F, Bogina G, Lunardi G, Boni L. Correction: The Promher Study: An Observational Italian Study on Adjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive, pT1a-b pN0 Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139650. [PMID: 26406908 PMCID: PMC4583491 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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44
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Gori S, Inno A, Fiorio E, Foglietta J, Ferro A, Gulisano M, Pinotti G, Gubiotti M, Cavazzini MG, Turazza M, Duranti S, De Simone V, Iezzi L, Bisagni G, Spazzapan S, Cavanna L, Saggia C, Bria E, Cretella E, Vici P, Santini D, Fabi A, Garrone O, Frassoldati A, Amaducci L, Saracchini S, Evangelisti L, Barni S, Gamucci T, Mentuccia L, Laudadio L, Zoboli A, Marchetti F, Bogina G, Lunardi G, Boni L. The Promher Study: An Observational Italian Study on Adjuvant Therapy for HER2-Positive, pT1a-b pN0 Breast Cancer. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136731. [PMID: 26340098 PMCID: PMC4560419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The management of pT1a-b pN0 HER2-positive breast cancer is controversial and no data about the efficacy of trastuzumab in this setting are available from randomized clinical trials. The aims of this retrospective study were to assess how patients are managed in clinical practice in Italy, which clinical or biological characteristics influenced the choice of adjuvant systemic therapy and the outcome of patients. Methods Data of consecutive patients who underwent surgery from January 2007 to December 2012 for HER2-positive, pT1a-b pN0 M0 breast cancer were retrospectively collected from 28 Italian centres. Analysis of contingency tables and multivariate generalized logit models were used to investigate the association between the baseline clinical and biological features and the treatment strategy adopted. Results Among 303 enrolled patients, 204 received adjuvant systemic therapy with trastuzumab, 65 adjuvant systemic therapy without trastuzumab and 34 did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy. At the multivariate analysis age, tumor size, proliferation index and hormone receptor status were significantly associated with the treatment choice. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) probability was 95%, 94.3% and 69.6% for patients treated with adjuvant systemic therapy and trastuzumab, with adjuvant systemic therapy without trastuzumab and for patients who did not receive adjuvant systemic therapy, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusions The majority of patients (66%) with pT1a-b pN0 HER2-positive breast cancer enrolled in this retrospective study received adjuvant systemic therapy with trastuzumab, whereas only 11% patients did not receive any adjuvant systemic therapy. The choice of treatment type seems to be mainly influenced by tumor size, proliferation index, hormone receptor status and age. The 5-year DFS probability was significantly higher for patients receiving adjuvant systemic therapy with trastuzumab compared with patients not receiving adjuvant systemic therapy or receiving adjuvant systemic therapy without trastuzumab.
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MESH Headings
- Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic/therapeutic use
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/surgery
- Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
- Disease Management
- Female
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Prognosis
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Retrospective Studies
- Survival Analysis
- Trastuzumab/therapeutic use
- Tumor Burden
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gori
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Alessandro Inno
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Fiorio
- Unit of Oncology, Ospedale Civile Maggiore, Verona, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Graziella Pinotti
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale di Circolo and University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marta Gubiotti
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale Civile di Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | | | - Monica Turazza
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
| | - Simona Duranti
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
| | | | - Laura Iezzi
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale SS Annunziata, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giancarlo Bisagni
- Medical Oncology, Breast Unit, Arcispedale S. Maria Nuova, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Medical Oncology, C.R.O.–I.R.C.C.S., Aviano–Pordenone, Italy
| | - Luigi Cavanna
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Ospedale Guglielmo da Saliceto, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Chiara Saggia
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy
| | - Emilio Bria
- Department of Medicine, Medical Oncology, University of Verona, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Daniele Santini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Campus Bio-Medico University, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Division of Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Roma, Italy
| | - Ornella Garrone
- Division of Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy
| | | | - Laura Amaducci
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale per gli Infermi, Faenza–Ravenna, Italy
| | | | | | - Sandro Barni
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Treviglio, Treviglio–Bergamo, Italy
| | | | | | - Lucio Laudadio
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Floraspe Renzetti, Lanciano–Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zoboli
- Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Sebastiano, Correggio–Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Fabiana Marchetti
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bogina
- Pathology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Lunardi
- Department of Oncology, Ospedale Sacro Cuore don Calabria, Negrar–Verona, Italy
| | - Luca Boni
- Azienda Ospedaliero–Universitaria Careggi, Firenze, Italy
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Bortolussi R, Zotti P, Conte M, Marson R, Polesel J, Colussi A, Piazza D, Tabaro G, Spazzapan S. Quality of Life, Pain Perception, and Distress Correlated to Ultrasound-Guided Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters in Palliative Care Patients in a Home or Hospice Setting. J Pain Symptom Manage 2015; 50:118-23. [PMID: 25891668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Intravenous fluid administration with peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICCs) and midline catheters in palliative care. OBJECTIVES To evaluate distress and pain perceived by patients during the positioning of a PICC or midline catheter, both in the home and hospice settings. METHODS This was a prospective observational study performed by the Palliative Care Network of Pordenone. In addition to evaluating distress and pain, we monitored patient quality of life and the devices used. Quality of life was measured with the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer-Core 15-Palliative scale. RESULTS From May 2012 to July 2013, 48 patients were enrolled in the study. The level of distress during the procedure was null or very low in 95.8% of the patients and completely absent after one week. Pain during insertion was null or very little in 93.8% of the patients and zero after one week in 98% of the patients. Quality of life was significantly improved after one week for certain specific parameters and also globally. The number of catheter days monitored was 3097. The weekly monitoring of the devices revealed a series of minor complications. Only two catheters were removed for serious complications. CONCLUSION Our results showed a low impact on pain and distress, a low level of local and systemic complications and a favorable impact on patients' quality of life. However, other studies are necessary to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of the use of these devices and their role in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Bortolussi
- Palliative Care and Pain Therapy Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy.
| | - Paola Zotti
- Psycho-Oncology Unit, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Maria Conte
- Hospice "Il Gabbiano", San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - Rita Marson
- Hospice Via di Natale "Franco Gallini", Aviano, Italy
| | - Jerry Polesel
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colussi
- Clinical Trials Office, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | - Gianna Tabaro
- Clinical Trials Office, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Clinical Trials Office, CRO Aviano National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy; Hospice Via di Natale "Franco Gallini", Aviano, Italy
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46
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Muraro E, Comaro E, Talamini R, Turchet E, Miolo G, Scalone S, Militello L, Lombardi D, Spazzapan S, Perin T, Massarut S, Crivellari D, Dolcetti R, Martorelli D. Improved Natural Killer cell activity and retained anti-tumor CD8(+) T cell responses contribute to the induction of a pathological complete response in HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Transl Med 2015; 13:204. [PMID: 26116238 PMCID: PMC4483222 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-015-0567-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Locally advanced HER2-overexpressing breast cancer (BC) patients achieve a high rate of pathological complete responses (pCR) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC). The apparently unaltered immune proficiency of these patients together with the immune-modulating activities of NC drugs suggest a potential contribution of host immunity in mediating clinical responses. We thus performed an extensive immunomonitoring in locally advanced BC patients undergoing NC to identify immunological correlates of pCR induction. Methods The immune profile of 40 HER2-positive and 38 HER2-negative BC patients was characterized at diagnosis and throughout NC (Paclitaxel and Trastuzumab, or Docetaxel and Epirubicin, respectively). The percentages of circulating immune cell subsets including T and B lymphocytes, Natural Killer (NK) cells, regulatory T cells, T helper 17 lymphocytes, were quantified by multiparametric flow cytometry. NK cells functional activity was evaluated through the analysis of NF-kB nuclear translocation by Multispectral flow cytometry, and with the in vitro monitoring of Trastuzumab-mediated antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). CD8+ T cell responses against six different tumor-associated antigens (TAA) were characterized by IFN-γ ELISPOT and IFN-γ/IL-2 DualSpot assays. Results After NC, HER2-positive patients showed a significant increase in the number of NK cells and regulatory T cells irrespective of the pathological response, whereas patients undergoing a pCR disclosed higher percentages of T helper 17 cells. Notably, a significant increase in the number of activated NK cells was observed only in HER2-positive patients achieving a pCR. Characterization of anti-tumor T cell responses highlighted sustained levels of CD8+ T cells specific for survivin and mammaglobin-A throughout NC in patients undergoing a pCR in both arms. Moreover, HER2-positive patients achieving a pCR were characterized by a multi-epitopic and polyfunctional anti-tumor T cell response, markedly reduced in case of partial response. Conclusions These results indicate that maintenance of functional T cell responses against selected antigens and improvement of NK cell proficiency during NC are probably critical requirements for pCR induction, especially in HER2-positive BC patients. Trail registration: Trial registration number: NCT02307227, registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov, November 26, 2014). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-015-0567-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muraro
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - E Comaro
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - R Talamini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - E Turchet
- Scientific Direction, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - G Miolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - S Scalone
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - L Militello
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - D Lombardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - S Spazzapan
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - T Perin
- Department of Pathology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - S Massarut
- Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - D Crivellari
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Dolcetti
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
| | - D Martorelli
- Cancer Bio-Immunotherapy Unit, Department of Translational Research, CRO Aviano, IRCCS, National Cancer Institute, Via F. Gallini 2, 33081, Aviano, PN, Italy.
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Biganzoli L, Orlando L, Minisini A, Pistelli M, Spazzapan S, Simoncini E, Caremoli ER, Leo SA, Baldari D, Zafarana E, Fedele P, Magnolfi E, Pavesi L, Brunello A, Molino A, De Placido S, Tomcikova D, Di Leo A, Puglisi F. Evaluation of two different doses of weekly nab-paclitaxel (NP) in older breast cancer (BC) patients (pts). J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.9531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Orlando
- Medical Oncology and Breast Unit, Antonio Perrino Hospital, Brindisi, Italy
| | | | - Mirco Pistelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, AOU Ospedali Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Daniela Baldari
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, AOU Careggi, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Zafarana
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Department, Hospital of Prato, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Prato, Italy
| | | | | | - Lorenzo Pavesi
- Medical Oncology Unit, IRCCS Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Sabino De Placido
- Dipartimento di Endocrinologia ed Oncologia Molecolare e Clinica, Università di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Tomcikova
- Clinical Trials Coordinating Center, AOU Careggi, Istituto Toscano Tumori, Florence, Italy
| | - Angelo Di Leo
- Sandro Pitigliani Medical Oncology Unit, Prato, Italy
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria-Università di Udine, Udine, Italy
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48
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Cortes J, Levy C, Demidchik Y, Roman L, Bourgeois HP, Veyret C, Spazzapan S, Ferrero JM, Chao TC, Karchmit Y, Espie M, Nabholtz JMA, Gonzalez X, Beliakouski V, Campone M. A randomized phase III study of vinflunine versus an alkylating agent of physician’s choice in metastatic breast cancer (MBC) previously treated with or resistant to an anthracycline, a taxane, an antimetabolite and a vinca-alkaloid. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.1031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yuri Demidchik
- Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Laslo Roman
- State Institution of Public Health, Leningrad Regional Oncology Dispensary, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Corinne Veyret
- Department of Medical Oncology, Henri Becquerel Center, Rouen, France
| | - Simon Spazzapan
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- Department d'Oncologie Medicale, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Ta-Chung Chao
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Marc Espie
- Hospital Saint Louis, Breast Disease Center, Paris, France
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Carli P, Militello L, Miolo GM, Quitadamo D, Lombardi D, Torrisi E, Scalone S, Crivellari D, Spazzapan S. Retreatment with trastuzumab after progression on lapatinib-based therapy in heavily pretreated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a single-institution experience. Tumori 2015; 100:605-11. [PMID: 25688493 DOI: 10.1700/1778.19260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The study aimed to determine if retreatment with trastuzumab after progression on treatment with lapatinib is feasible in a previously heavily pretreated population of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients and if some range of activity and an acceptable toxicity profile could be shown. METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN Women with HER2-positive metastatic breast carcinoma whose disease progressed after antracycline, taxane and trastuzumab-based regimens were treated at progression with lapatinib plus capecitabine. At progression on this combination, retreatment with trastuzumab combined with different cytotoxic agents was offered to most patients. The outcome of these patients was evaluated. RESULTS Between April 2007 and February 2013, a total of 77 patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer were identified who had been treated with lapatinib plus capecitabine at our institution. At progression, 43 (55%) were treated again with a trastuzumab-based regimen, mostly gemcitabine and vinorelbine. One complete response (CR) and 17 partial responses plus 4 prolonged stable periods longer than 6 months for a 51.1% overall clinical benefit were observed. No severe toxicities were encountered except one case of heart failure reported in a heavily antracycline-pretreated patient, who, however, recovered from this toxicity. CONCLUSIONS Even if our sample is a favorably selected population of HER2-positive patients responding to sequential targeted therapies, our data suggest that trastuzumab can be used again in association with a different cytotoxic agent in patients heavily pretreated with trastuzumab and after progression on lapatinib plus capecitabine, without any significant toxicity and with an encouraging clinical benefit rate, suggesting there is an opportunity to continue blockade of the HER2 receptor.
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50
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Gori S, Turazza M, Duranti S, Fiorio E, Foglietta J, Gulisano M, Marcon I, Gubbiotti M, Cavazzini MG, Spazzapan S, De Simone V, Bisagni G, Saggia C, Cavanna L, Bria E, Iezzi L, Cretella E, Vici P, Santini D, Fabi A, Garrone O, Ferro A, Saracchini S, Evangelisti L, Barni S, Mentuccia L, Laudadio L, Inno A, Lunardi G, Coati F, Boni L. Abstract P5-18-05: The Promher Study: An observational Italian study on HER2+ve, pT1a-b, pN0, M0 breast cancer (BC) patients (pts). Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs14-p5-18-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background. The management of small (≤ 1 cm), node-negative, HER2+ve BC is controversial, since data from randomized clinical trials specifically addressing the benefit of adjuvant systemic treatment with or without Trastuzumab in this setting are still lacking. The aims of this retrospective study are to assess how pts are managed in routinary clinical practice in Italy, whether clinical or biological features may influence the choice of adjuvant systemic therapy and if there is any difference in the outcome between treated and not treated pts.
Patients and methods. Data of 268 consecutive pts who underwent surgery from January 2007 to December 2012 for HER2+ve, pT1a-b pN0 BC, were collected from 25 Italian centres. Descriptive statistical analyses and multivariate logistic regression models were used, with the aim of investigating the relationship between the baseline clinical and biological features and the adjuvant treatment strategy.
Results. Pts characteristics were: median age 57, 69% postmenopausal status, 77% had conservative surgery, 32% pT1a, 68% pT1b, 48% G3, 66% ER+ve, 75% Ki67 ≥14%. Ninety percent of pts received adjuvant systemic therapy: 19% hormone therapy (HT) alone, 3% chemotherapy (CT) +/- HT, 64% Trastuzumab + CT +/- HT and 4% Trastuzumab + HT. At the multivariate analysis, the odds of being treated with adjuvant systemic therapy with or without Trastuzumab, resulted higher in presence of conservative surgery (p=0.002), pT1b (p<0.001) and positivity of hormone receptors status (p<0.001). Among the patients treated with adjuvant systemic therapy, the administration of Trastuzumab appeared to be more frequently associated with pT1b (p=0.010) and negative hormone receptors (p=0.004). After 37 months of median follow-up, local and/or distant recurrence were 4/29 (14%) for pts who did not receive any systemic treatment, 2/59 (4%) for pts receiving systemic treatment without Trastuzumab and 2/180 (1%) for pts receiving Trastuzumab.
Conclusion. This preliminary analysis shows that in Italy the majority of these pts received systemic adjuvant treatment and about 2/3 were treated with Trastuzumab. Pathological tumor size (pT1b) and negative hormone receptor status represent the main factors influencing the choice of including Trastuzumab in the adjuvant treatment. Survival data are still not mature to drive definitive conclusions about outcome.
Citation Format: Stefania Gori, Monica Turazza, Simona Duranti, Elena Fiorio, Jennifer Foglietta, Marcella Gulisano, Ilaria Marcon, Marta Gubbiotti, Maria Giovanna Cavazzini, Simon Spazzapan, Valeria De Simone, Giancarlo Bisagni, Chiara Saggia, Luigi Cavanna, Emilio Bria, Laura Iezzi, Elisabetta Cretella, Patrizia Vici, Daniele Santini, Alessandra Fabi, Ornella Garrone, Antonella Ferro, Silvana Saracchini, Lucia Evangelisti, Sandro Barni, Lucia Mentuccia, Lucio Laudadio, Alessandro Inno, Gianluigi Lunardi, Francesca Coati, Luca Boni. The Promher Study: An observational Italian study on HER2+ve, pT1a-b, pN0, M0 breast cancer (BC) patients (pts) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-18-05.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Emilio Bria
- 13AO Universitaria Integrata – Policlinico GB Rossi
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Luca Boni
- 25Istituto Toscano Tumori AOU Careggi
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