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Campani S, Talamonti M, Dall’Ara L, Coloretti I, Gatto I, Biagioni E, Tosi M, Meschiari M, Tonelli R, Clini E, Cossarizza A, Guaraldi G, Mussini C, Sarti M, Trenti T, Girardis M. The Association of Procalcitonin and C-Reactive Protein with Bacterial Infections Acquired during Intensive Care Unit Stay in COVID-19 Critically Ill Patients. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1536. [PMID: 37887237 PMCID: PMC10604665 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In COVID-19 patients, procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) performance in identifying bacterial infections remains unclear. Our study aimed to evaluate the association of PCT and CRP with secondary infections acquired during ICU stay in critically ill COVID-19 patients. This observational study included adult patients admitted to three COVID-19 intensive care units (ICUs) from February 2020 to May 2022 with respiratory failure caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection and ICU stay ≥ 11 days. The values of PCT and CRP collected on the day of infection diagnosis were compared to those collected on day 11 after ICU admission, the median time for infection occurrence, in patients without secondary infection. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and multivariate logistic model were used to assess PCT and CRP association with secondary infections. Two hundred and seventy-nine patients were included, of whom 169 (60.6%) developed secondary infection after ICU admission. The PCT and CRP values observed on the day of the infection diagnosis were larger (p < 0.001) than those observed on day 11 after ICU admission in patients without secondary infections. The ROC analysis calculated an AUC of 0.744 (95%CI 0.685-0.803) and 0.754 (95%CI 0.695-0.812) for PCT and CRP, respectively. Multivariate logistic models showed that PCT ≥ 0.16 ng/mL and CRP ≥ 1.35 mg/dL were associated (p < 0.001) with infections acquired during ICU stay. Our results indicated that in COVID-19 patients, PCT and CRP values were associated with infections acquired during the ICU stay and can be used to support, together with clinical signs, rather than predict or rule out, the diagnosis of these infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Campani
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Marta Talamonti
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Lorenzo Dall’Ara
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Irene Coloretti
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Ilenia Gatto
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Emanuela Biagioni
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Martina Tosi
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
| | - Marianna Meschiari
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (G.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberto Tonelli
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Enrico Clini
- Respiratory Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (R.T.); (E.C.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Immunology Laboratory, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Guaraldi
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (G.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Mussini
- Infectious Disease Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (M.M.); (G.G.); (C.M.)
| | - Mario Sarti
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Diagnostic Hematology and Clinical Genomics Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Local Health Service and University Hospital of Modena, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital of Modena, 41125 Modena, Italy; (S.C.); (M.T.); (L.D.); (I.C.); (I.G.); (E.B.); (M.T.)
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Calevro F, Campani S, Ragghianti M, Bucci S, Mancino G. Tests of toxicity and teratogenicity in biphasic vertebrates treated with heavy metals (Cr3+, Al3+, Cd2+). Chemosphere 1998; 37:3011-3017. [PMID: 9839411 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00342-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Developmental toxicity of chromium(III), aluminium(III) and cadmium(II) were evaluated by examining abnormalities and mortality in embryos belonging to different species of amphibians. Cr(III) and Al(III) are lethal at 1.5 mM concentration, and seriously affect the differentiation of central nervous system, skeleton and eye, and cause cephalic and trunk oedemas at lower concentrations, being aluminium significantly more harmful than chromium. Cd(II), tested only in P. waltl, is highly toxic: embryos exposed to concentrations ranging from 0.18 to 50 microM display malformations, delay and arrest of development in a dose dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Calevro
- Dipartimento di Fisiologia e Biochimica, Università di Pisa, Ghezzano (PI), Italy
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Campani S, Di Giovanni G, Di Paco G, Lencioni E, Materazzi C, Monacelli F, Petrangeli B, Genga R. [Criteria for the management of an aseptic block]. Boll Chim Farm 1977; 116:683-704. [PMID: 610727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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