1
|
Xu LC, Grandhe S, Marsano JG. Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis Associated with Adalimumab Therapy for Crohn's Disease. Case Rep Gastroenterol 2023; 17:143-147. [PMID: 36874386 PMCID: PMC9978921 DOI: 10.1159/000529045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukocytoclastic vasculitis (LCV) is rarely associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor [TNF] α therapy. We report a 22-year-old man with new onset of a pustular rash on his bilateral upper and lower extremities while on adalimumab therapy for Crohn's disease. Skin biopsy of the affected area showed perivascular extravasation of erythrocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils and vascular damage surrounding blood vessels associated with fibrin, consistent with LCV. Patient was treated with topical steroids and subsequently transitioned to ustekinumab therapy with follow-up colonoscopy showing minimal active disease. Our report highlights the association of a unique dermatologic autoimmune manifestation with TNF-targeted therapy in a patient with Crohn's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lankai Cathy Xu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Sirisha Grandhe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Joseph G Marsano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tejaswi S, Pillai RM, Grandhe S, Patel D, Jenner ZB. Disposable digital percutaneous cholangioscope-aided retrieval of a plastic biliary stent after failed retrieval at ERCP. VideoGIE 2021; 6:413-415. [PMID: 34527840 PMCID: PMC8430274 DOI: 10.1016/j.vgie.2021.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sooraj Tejaswi
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Rex M Pillai
- Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Sirisha Grandhe
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Dhairyasheel Patel
- Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| | - Zachary B Jenner
- Division of Interventional Radiology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Konijeti GG, Grandhe S, Tincopa M, Lane JA, Shrime MG, Singh S, Loomba R. Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Patients With Solid Tumors Before Initiating Chemotherapy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:1600-1608.e4. [PMID: 31678602 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with solid tumors who undergo chemotherapy have an increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation, but a low proportion of these patients are screened for HBV infection and guidelines make conflicting recommendations. Further, the cost-effectiveness of newer treatments for HBV prophylaxis has not been examined for this population. We aimed to analyze the cost-effectiveness of HBV screening before chemotherapy for patients with solid tumors. METHODS We compared 3 HBV screening strategies (screen all, screen only high-risk patients, or screen none) using a Markov model of a population of adults in the United States who initiated chemotherapy for a solid tumor. We modeled use of entecavir prophylaxis for HB surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive patients and surveillance for HBsAg-negative patients who are positive for HBV core antibody. The Markov cycle length was 1 year, with model simulation for up to 5 years. RESULTS The screen all strategy was the most cost effective, with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $42,761 compared to screening only high-risk patients. The screen none strategy was less effective and less costly than screening all patients or only high-risk patients. The screen-all strategy was the most cost effective for all estimates of prevalence of HBsAg-positive patients and estimates of HBV reactivation in HBsAg-positive patients. Screening only high-risk patients was the most cost-effective strategy when more than 25% of high-risk patients were screened for HBV infection. CONCLUSIONS In a Markov model analysis, we found screening all patients with solid tumors for HBV infection before chemotherapy to be the most cost-effective strategy. Guidelines should consider recommending HBV tests for patients initiating chemotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sirisha Grandhe
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Monica Tincopa
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jill A Lane
- Division of Gastroenterology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, California
| | - Mark G Shrime
- Program in Global Surgery and Social Change, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Rohit Loomba
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Louie JS, Grandhe S, Matsukuma K, Bowlus CL. Primary Biliary Cholangitis: A Brief Overview. Clin Liver Dis (Hoboken) 2020; 15:100-104. [PMID: 32257120 PMCID: PMC7128028 DOI: 10.1002/cld.867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
http://aasldpubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/hub/journal/10.1002/(ISSN)2046-2484/video/15-3-reading-louie a video presentation of this article.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin S. Louie
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UC Davis School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
| | - Sirisha Grandhe
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UC Davis School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
| | - Karen Matsukuma
- Department of PathologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
| | - Christopher L. Bowlus
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UC Davis School of MedicineUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Grandhe S, Lee JA, Chandra A, Marsh C, Frenette CT. Trapped vessel of abdominal pain with hepatomegaly: A case report. World J Hepatol 2018; 10:887-891. [PMID: 30533189 PMCID: PMC6280163 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v10.i11.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal pain with elevated transaminases from inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction is a relatively common reason for referral and further workup by a hepatologist. The differential for the cause of IVC obstruction is extensive, and the most common etiologies include clotting disorders or recent trauma. In some situations the common etiologies have been ruled out, and the underlying process for the patient’s symptoms is still not explained. We present one unique case of abdominal pain and hepatomegaly secondary to IVC constriction from extrinsic compression of the diaphragm. Based on this patient’s presentation, we urge that physicians be cognizant of the IVC diameter and consider extrinsic compression as a contributor to the patient’s symptoms. If IVC compression from the diaphragm is confirmed, early referral to vascular surgery is strongly advised for further surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Grandhe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of California Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, CA 95817, United States
| | - Joy A Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Ankur Chandra
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Christopher Marsh
- Scripps Center for Organ Transplant, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Catherine T Frenette
- Scripps Center for Organ Transplant, Scripps Green Hospital, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Grandhe S, Frenette CT. Occurrence and Recurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma After Successful Direct-Acting Antiviral Therapy for Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y) 2017; 13:421-425. [PMID: 28867970 PMCID: PMC5572972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has generally been associated with a slightly increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For the past several decades, most patients with chronic HCV cirrhosis have been treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin therapies, which were known to achieve sustained virologic response (SVR) but also carried their own side effects and toxicities. The recent implementation of direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatments revealed an increased efficacy in difficult-to-treat populations and higher adherence rates given the all-oral nature of the regimens. However, while these regimens are excellent in terms of improving the side-effect profile and achieving SVR at a higher rate and in a shorter time frame than interferon and ribavirin, some researchers are now discovering an increased rate of de novo and recurrent HCC in patients with HCV cirrhosis compared to interferon treatment protocols. Although other studies were not able to reproduce similar findings, the question as to the role of DAA therapy in HCC occurrence after achieving SVR in patients with HCV cirrhosis continues to persist. Possible theories as to the mechanisms behind tumor relapse after DAA therapy include alterations of immunosurveillance and gene expression, a protective and antineoplastic effect from inflammation secondary to chronic HCV infection that is then abolished with DAA therapy, and delay in radiographic identification of previously undetectable tumors. This article reviews the current literature regarding concern for the possible increase of HCC after DAA therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sirisha Grandhe
- Dr Grandhe is a resident in the Department of Medicine at Scripps Green Hospital in La Jolla, California. Dr Frenette is the medical director of liver transplantation and director of the hepatocellular carcinoma program at the Scripps Center for Organ Transplant at Scripps Green Hospital
| | - Catherine T Frenette
- Dr Grandhe is a resident in the Department of Medicine at Scripps Green Hospital in La Jolla, California. Dr Frenette is the medical director of liver transplantation and director of the hepatocellular carcinoma program at the Scripps Center for Organ Transplant at Scripps Green Hospital
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marcus J, Singhal N, Gardner M, Waubant E, Grandhe S. Acute transverse myelitis and silent infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Pediatr Neurol 2015. [DOI: 10.3233/jpn-140655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Marcus
- Department of Neurology, The Regional Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nilika Singhal
- Department of Child Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Marisa Gardner
- Department of Child Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, The Regional Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sirisha Grandhe
- Department of Neurology, The Regional Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Broaders KE, Pastine SJ, Grandhe S, Fréchet JMJ. Acid-degradable solid-walled microcapsules for pH-responsive burst-release drug delivery. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:665-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04190d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
9
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E. Broaders
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Sirisha Grandhe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| | - Jean M. J. Fréchet
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Grandhe S, Abbas JJ, Jung R. Brain-spinal cord interactions stabilize the locomotor rhythm to an external perturbation. Biomed Sci Instrum 2001; 35:175-80. [PMID: 11143343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Motor networks within the spinal cord of vertebrates are capable of generating rhythmic locomotor output even in the absence of phasic sensory input. In an intact animal these spinal pattern generators are affected by descending inputs from the brain and by sensory inputs. The role of the feedforward-feedback (FF-FB) loops between the brain and the spinal cord in the control of locomotion are not well understood. We hypothesized that the dynamic interaction between the brain and the spinal cord would affect the response of the neural system to external perturbation. We investigated this hypothesis in an in-vitro brain-spinal cord fictive locomotion preparation of a primitive vertebrate, lamprey. In tandem, we analyzed the behavior of a neural network model representing the brain and multiple segments of the spinal cord. Our experimental results indicate that with intact FF-FB loops, phase locked entrainment of the spinal motor activity can be obtained on direct stimulation of the spinal cord. However, the effect is localized with minimal influence on distal spinal segments. The intersegmental coupling strength is strong as indicated by a fast recovery of the perturbed rhythm to the natural frequency on termination of the perturbation. With the FF-FB loop interrupted, the perturbation was capable of altering the motor activity from multiple sites in the spinal cord. Also, upon termination of the perturbation there was a prolonged period before recovery of the original natural frequency. Model analyses support our interpretation of the experimental results. In the neural network model with the brain-spinal cord loops closed there was a localized effect on the oscillatory rhythm and strong intersegmental coupling. Also, the analysis indicated the presence of a smaller entrainment range and many more periodic orbits than with the loops open. The results suggest that the increased variability in the locomotor rhythm and decreased sensitivity to perturbation observed in the presence of intact brain spinal cord connections may be a reflection of a higher dimensional system with many periodic orbits. The higher dimension could allow the system to collectively remain within the attractor space of one of these periodic orbits and thus remain resilient to perturbation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Grandhe
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0070, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|