Multifunctional embelin- poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) and sodium alginate-based core-shell electrospun nanofibrous mat for wound healing applications

In this study, coaxial electrospinning is employed to make core-shell fibers, which represents a major advance in biomaterial innovation. Fibers that combine a protective shell and a therapeutic agent-loaded core, herald a revolutionary era in tissue engineering and wound care. Besides supporting cell growth, these fibers also preserve sterility, which makes them ideal for advanced wound dressings. We used embelin as the basis for this study because of its natural antibacterial properties. Its effectiveness in inhibiting the growth of bacteria made it the ideal candidate for our research. We have synthesized core-shell nanofibers that contain Sodium Alginate (SAL) in a Poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) shell and Embelin in a Poly (3-hydroxybutyric acid) (PHB) core, which exhibit the homogeneity and flawless structure required for biomedical applications. When using SAL-PEO and EMB-PHB solutions dissolved in 1,1,1,3,3,3 hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), high consistency in results can be achieved. A biocompatibility study was conducted using NIH-3T3 fibroblasts, which demonstrated remarkable adhesion and proliferation, with over 95 % growth supporting both PHB + SAL-PEO and EMB-PHB + SAL-PEO fibers. In addition, the scaffold loaded with Embelin shows strong antibacterial activity and cytocompatibility. The combined activity demonstrates the potential of EMB-PHB + SAL-PEO fibers in wound healing, where tissue regeneration and preservation of sterility are crucial. The optimized concentration of Embelin within these scaffolds demonstrates robust antibacterial efficacy while exhibiting minimal toxicity, thus positioning them as highly promising candidates for a wide range of biological applications, including wound healing.

Design and characterization of 3D hybrid collagen matrixes as a dermal substitute in skin tissue engineering

The highly interconnected porous dressing material was fabricated with the utilization of novel collagen (COL-SPG) for the efficient healing of the wound. Herein, we report the fabrication of 3D collagen impregnated with bioactive extract (COL-SPG-CPE) to get rid of infection at the wound site. The resultant 3D collagen matrix was characterized physiochemically using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and mechanical property. The dressing substrate possesses the high swelling ability, increase in the porosity, in vitro enzymatic degradability and antibacterial property. The in vitro biocompatibility and fluorescence activity of the collagen scaffold against both NIH 3T3 fibroblast and Human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines assisted in excellent cell adhesion and proliferation over the collagen matrix. Furthermore, the in vivo evaluation of the COL-SPG-CPE 3D sponge exhibited with enhanced collagen synthesis and aids in faster reepithelialization. However, the rate of wound healing was influenced by the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and transforming growth factor (TGF-β) growth factors promotes the collagen synthesis, thereby increases the healing efficiency. Based on the results, COL-SPG-CPE has a potential ability in the remodeling of the wound with the 3D collagen as wound dressing material.

Durable keratin-based bilayered electrospun mats for wound closure

A bilayered nanofibrous scaffold with rapid wound healing properties is found to be suitable for tissue regeneration applications. The objective of this study is to reveal the fabrication of a poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid) (P)-gelatin (G) nanofibrous mat through electrospinning, with a horn keratin-chitosan-based biosheet (KC) as a bilayered nanofibrous scaffold. The mupirocin (D)-loaded horn KC biosheet (KCD) acts as the primary layer over which PG nanofibers were electrospun to act as the secondary layer. It is shown that this engineered bilayered nanofibrous scaffold material (KC-PG) should fulfill the functions of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by elucidating its function in vitro and in vivo. The bilayered nanofibrous scaffold was designed to exhibit improved physiochemical, biological and mechanical properties, with better swelling and porosity for enhanced oxygen permeability, and it also exhibits an acceptable antibacterial property to prevent infection at the wound site. The bilayered nanofibrous scaffold assists in better biocompatibility towards fibroblast and keratinocyte cell lines. The morphology of the nanofibrous scaffold aids increased cell adhesion and proliferation with cell material interactions. This was elucidated with the help of in vitro fluorescence staining against both cell lines. The bilayered KCD-PG nanofibrous scaffold material gives accelerated wound healing efficiency during in vivo wound healing. The results showed the regulation of growth factors with enhanced collagen synthesis, thereby helping in faster wound healing.

Biomimetic interconnected porous keratin-fibrin-gelatin 3D sponge for tissue engineering application

The medicated wound dressing material with highly interconnected pores, mimicking the function of the extracellular matrix was fabricated for the promotion of cell growth. In this study, keratin (K), fibrin (F) and gelatin (G) composite scaffold (KFG-SPG) was fabricated by freeze drying technique and the mupirocin (D) drug was successfully incorporated with KFG-SPG (KFG-SPG-D) intended for tissue engineering applications. The fabrication of scaffold was performed without the use of any strong chemical solvents, and the solid sponge scaffold was obtained with well interconnected pores. The porous morphology of the scaffold was confirmed by SEM analysis and exhibited competent mechanical properties. KFG-SPG and KFG-SPG-D possess high level of biocompatibility, cell proliferation and cell adhesion of NIH 3T3 fibroblast and human keratinocytes (HaCaT) cell lines thereby indicating the scaffolds potential as a suitable medicated dressing for wound healing.

Green synthesis of folic acid-conjugated gold nanoparticles with pectin as reducing/stabilizing agent for cancer theranostics

The one pot aqueous green synthesis of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) decorated with folic acid and loaded with doxorubicin suitable for anti-cancer drug delivery was potentially promising as a new therapeutic system for cancer treatment.

Fabrication and characterization of a collagen coated electrospun poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)–gelatin nanofibrous scaffold as a soft bio-mimetic material for skin tissue engineering applications

The collagen coated nanofibrous scaffold mimics the function of the extra cellular matrix with good biocompatibility, cell adhesion, cell proliferation and aids to provide as a promising tool in skin tissue engineering application.

Facile synthesis and evaluation of quercetin reduced and dextran sulphate stabilized gold nanoparticles decorated with folic acid for active targeting against breast cancer

The synthesized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) exhibited higher potential to induce cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase with better therapeutic activity against cancer cells but also leads to reduction in the toxic effect of cancer drugs on normal cells.