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Ruscio B, Bolster A, Bresee J, Abelin A, Boutet P, Christiansen H, Etholm P, Desai S, Gellin B, Golding J, Jit M, Kerr L, McKinlay M, Kluglein S, Lobos F, Mathewson S, Mazur M, Pagliusi S, Penttinen P, Richardson D, Alvarez AMR, Scovitch JR, Seedorff JE, Shaxson L, Tam JS, Taylor B, Wairagkar N, Watson J, Xeuatvongsa A. Shaping meeting to explore the value of a coordinated work plan for epidemic and pandemic influenza vaccine preparedness. Vaccine 2020; 38:3179-3183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Malarski M, Hasso-Agopsowicz M, Soble A, Mok W, Mathewson S, Vekemans J. Vaccine impact on antimicrobial resistance to inform Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance's 2018 Vaccine Investment Strategy: report from an expert survey. F1000Res 2019; 8:1685. [PMID: 31737260 PMCID: PMC6807152 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.20100.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: While the rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has been recognised as a major public health problem, the value of vaccines to control AMR is poorly defined. This expert survey was launched with the aim of informing the 2018 Vaccine Investment Strategy through which Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance prioritises future vaccine funding. This exercise focused on both vaccines currently supported by Gavi and under consideration for future funding. Methods: The relative importance of pre-defined criteria as drivers of overall value of vaccines as a tool/ intervention to control AMR was assessed by 18 experts: prevention of mortality and morbidity due to resistant pathogens, antibiotic use prevented, societal impact, ethical importance and sense of urgency. For each vaccine, experts attributed scores reflecting the estimated value for each criterion, and overall value relative to AMR was derived from the value assigned to each criterion and their relative importance for each vaccine. Results: Mortality, morbidity due to targeted resistant pathogens, and antibiotic use prevented were considered the most important determinants of overall value. Pneumococcal, typhoid and malaria vaccines were assigned highest value relative to antimicrobial resistance. Intermediate value was estimated for specific rotavirus, cholera, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, dengue, measles, meningitis and Haemophilus influenza type b- (Hib-) containing pentavalent vaccines. Lowest value relative to AMR was estimated for Japanese encephalitis, hepatitis A, yellow fever, rabies and human papilloma virus vaccine. Conclusions: In the future, more evidence-based, data-driven, robust methodologies should be developed to guide coordinated, rational decision making on priority actions aimed at strengthening the use of vaccines against AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Malarski
- Policy, Vaccines & Sustainability, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Le Grand-Saconnex, 1218, Switzerland
| | | | - Adam Soble
- Vaccine Supply & Demand, Vaccines & Sustainability, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Le Grand-Saconnex, 1218, Switzerland
| | - Wilson Mok
- Policy, Vaccines & Sustainability, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Le Grand-Saconnex, 1218, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Mathewson
- Policy, Vaccines & Sustainability, Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, Le Grand-Saconnex, 1218, Switzerland
| | - Johan Vekemans
- Immunization, Vaccines, and Biologicals, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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Bhatia T, Enoch J, Khan M, Mathewson S, Heymann D, Hayes R, Dar O. Setting targets for HIV/AIDS-What lessons can be learned from other disease control programmes? PLoS Med 2019; 16:e1002735. [PMID: 30716068 PMCID: PMC6361469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In a Collection Review, Richard Hayes and colleagues discuss metrics for assessing progress in control of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the context of prior disease control programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jamie Enoch
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mishal Khan
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Mathewson
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Heymann
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Hayes
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Osman Dar
- Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Chatham House Centre on Global Health Security, London, United Kingdom
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Littler K, Boon WM, Carson G, Depoortere E, Mathewson S, Mietchen D, Moorthy VS, O'Connor D, Roth C, Segovia C. Progress in promoting data sharing in public health emergencies. Bull World Health Organ 2017; 95:243. [PMID: 28479616 PMCID: PMC5407259 DOI: 10.2471/blt.17.192096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Littler
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Wee-Ming Boon
- Research Policy and Translation, National Health and Medical Research Council, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gail Carson
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Evelyn Depoortere
- Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sophie Mathewson
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Daniel Mietchen
- National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - Vasee S Moorthy
- Information, Evidence and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Denise O'Connor
- Directorate-General for Research and Innovation, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cathy Roth
- Department for International Development, the Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, London, England
| | - Carlos Segovia
- Directorate for Research Evaluation and Promotion, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Jinks T, Lee N, Sharland M, Rex J, Gertler N, Diver M, Jones I, Jones K, Mathewson S, Chiara F, Farrar J. A time for action: antimicrobial resistance needs global response. Bull World Health Organ 2016; 94:558-558A. [PMID: 27516629 PMCID: PMC4969997 DOI: 10.2471/blt.16.181743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Jinks
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Nancy Lee
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Mike Sharland
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, University of London, London, England
| | - John Rex
- Astra Zeneca, Boston, United States of America (USA)
| | | | | | - Ian Jones
- Jinja Publishing Ltd, London, England
| | - Kiron Jones
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Sophie Mathewson
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Francesca Chiara
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
| | - Jeremy Farrar
- Wellcome Trust, Gibbs Building, 215 Euston Road, London NW1 2BE, England
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Quaglio G, Pattaro C, Gerra G, Mathewson S, Verbanck P, Des Jarlais DC, Lugoboni F. High dose benzodiazepine dependence: description of 29 patients treated with flumazenil infusion and stabilised with clonazepam. Psychiatry Res 2012; 198:457-62. [PMID: 22424905 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2012.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 02/03/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The withdrawal syndrome from benzodiazepine (BZD) can be severe and in some cases may impede cessation of the use of the drug. We present here a case series of benzodiazepine detoxification by flumazenil infusion, stabilised with clonazepam. Patients were treated with flumazenil 1.35 mg/day for a median of 7 days. Self-reported physical withdrawal symptoms were recorded daily. In addition to flumazenil, antidepressants were given before treatment commenced and clonazepam was administered nightly with both being continued after discharge. Twenty-nine patients were treated. No patients dropped out from the treatment programme. Nine patients (31%) required a temporary reduction/cessation of the infusion. The linear trend in the reduction of the daily withdrawal scores in the overall study population was significant. The linear trends were also significant in the group of patients for whom a temporary reduction/suspension of the flumazenil was required. Six months after treatment, 15 patients (53%) were abstinent from clonazepam and other BZDs. For five (21%) the BZD dependence were reinstated. More than two-thirds of the subjects tolerated the procedure well and about half had a good long term response. Slow flumazenil infusion appears to merit consideration as a possible future treatment. Suggestions for future research are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Quaglio
- Medical Service for Addictive Disorders, University of Verona, Italy.
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Quaglio G, Faccini M, Vigneau CV, Casari R, Mathewson S, Licata M, Lugoboni F. Megadose Bromazepam and Zolpidem Dependence: Two Case Reports of Treatment with Flumazenil and Valproate. Subst Abus 2012; 33:195-8. [DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2011.638735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Hood S, Cassidy P, Mathewson S, Stewart J, Amir S. Daily morphine injection and withdrawal disrupt 24-h wheel running and PERIOD2 expression patterns in the rat limbic forebrain. Neuroscience 2011; 186:65-75. [PMID: 21536108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Symptoms of opiate withdrawal include disturbances in circadian rhythms. We examined in male Wistar rats (n=48) the effects of a daily, mid-morning morphine injection (5-40 mg/kg, i.p.) and its withdrawal on 24-h wheel-running activity and on the expression of the clock protein, PERIOD2 (PER2), in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), oval nucleus of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNSTov), central amygdala (CEA), and dorsal striatum. Rats were killed over 2 days at 10, 22, 46, and 58 h after the last daily morphine injection at zeitgeber times (ZT) 1 or ZT13. Daily morphine injections and their withdrawal suppressed nighttime wheel running, but did not entrain any increase in activity in advance of the injection. Neither morphine injection nor its withdrawal affected PER2 expression in the SCN, whereas the normal daily peaks of PER2 in the BNSTov, CEA, and dorsal striatum were blunted both during morphine administration and its withdrawal. Treatment with a dopaminergic agonist (the D2/3 agonist, quinpirole, 1.0 mg/kg) or a noradrenergic agonist (alpha2 agonist, clonidine, 0.1 mg/kg) in morphine withdrawal did not restore normal PER2 patterns in each affected region; however, both quinpirole and clonidine themselves altered normal daily PER2 expression patterns in morphine-naive rats. These findings confirm and extend previous observations that opiates disrupt daily patterns of clock gene expression in the limbic forebrain. Furthermore, catecholaminergic drugs, which have been previously found to alleviate symptoms of opiate withdrawal, do not alleviate the effects of morphine withdrawal on PER2, but do modulate daily patterns of PER2 expression in saline controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hood
- Center for Studies in Behavioral Neurobiology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Ferreira MR, Bennett RL, Gilman SC, Mathewson S, Bennett CL. Diffusion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the Veterans Affairs health care system, 1991-1995. Eff Clin Pract 1999; 2:49-55. [PMID: 10538476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the most widely used treatment for gallbladder disease. In HMO, Medicare, and fee-for-service settings, cholecystectomy rates increased 28% to 59% after introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of the introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy on cholecystectomy rates and the operative mortality rate in Veterans Affairs (VA) hospitals. DESIGN Sequential cross-sectional study. PATIENTS All patients who underwent cholecystectomy from 1991 (before introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy) to 1995. SETTING 133 VA hospitals. OUTCOME MEASURES Cholecystectomy rates, use of laparoscopic or open cholecystectomy, and operative mortality rate. RESULTS The annual number of cholecystectomies in the VA system increased by 10% from 1991 to 1995; the laparoscopic procedure accounted for 25% of the caseload in 1992 and 52% in 1995. Compared with patients having laparoscopic cholecystectomy, those having open cholecystectomy were more likely to be older, be male, and have acute cholecystitis or comorbid illnesses (P < 0.001). The operative mortality rate of open cholecystectomy increased by 46% during this 4-year period (from 2.4% to 3.4%) and was constant for laparoscopic cholecystectomy (about 0.5%). Given the increasing use of the laparoscopic procedure, however, the overall mortality rate of cholecystectomy during surgery decreased by 22% (from 2.4% to 1.8%). Despite increased use of the surgery, the absolute number of deaths decreased by 9%. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the VA system was not accompanied by a large increase in cholecystectomy rates, as it was in fee-for-service, Medicare, and HMO systems. Because the rate of operations has changed only slightly, the total number of cholecystectomy-related deaths has decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Ferreira
- Robert Wood Johnson Clinical Scholars Program, University of Chicago, USA
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