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Curry SM, Burrough ER, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Lonergan SM, Gabler NK. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus reduces feed efficiency in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:85-97. [PMID: 29378029 PMCID: PMC6140930 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skx005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) infects enterocytes and in nursery pigs, results in diarrhea, anorexia, and reduced performance. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine how PEDV infection influenced growth performance and repartitioning of amino acids and energy in nursery pigs. A total of 32 barrows and gilts, approximately 1 wk post-wean (BW = 8.46 ± 0.50 kg), and naïve for PEDV were obtained, weighed, and allotted based on sex and BW to one of two treatments: 1) Control, PEDV naïve and 2) PEDV-inoculated (PEDV) with eight pens of two pigs each per treatment. On day post-inoculation (dpi) 0, PEDV pigs were inoculated via intragastric gavage with PEDV isolate (USA/Iowa/18984/2013). Pig and feeder weights were recorded at dpi −7, 0, 5, and 20 in order to calculate ADG, ADFI, and G:F. Eight pigs per treatment were euthanized on dpi 5 and 20, and tissues and blood were collected. At dpi 5, all PEDV pigs were PCR positive for PEDV in feces. Overall, PEDV pigs tended (P < 0.10) to increase ADFI, which resulted in reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency. At dpi 5, PEDV pigs had reduced (P < 0.05) villus height and increased (P < 0.05) stem cell proliferation in the jejunum compared with Control pigs. Pigs inoculated with PEDV had increased (P < 0.05) serum haptoglobin and increased insulin-to-glucose ratios compared with Control pigs at dpi 5. Markers of muscle proteolysis were not different (P > 0.05) between treatments within dpi; however, at dpi 5, 20S proteasome activity was increased (P < 0.05) in longissimus dorsi of PEDV pigs compared with Control pigs. Liver and jejunum gluconeogenic enzyme activities were not different (P > 0.05) between treatments within dpi. Overall, PEDV-inoculated pigs did recover the absorptive capacity that was reduced during PEDV infection by increasing proliferation of intestinal stem cells. However, the energy and nutrients needed to recover the epithelium may be originating from available luminal nutrients instead of muscle proteolysis and gluconeogenesis. This study provides insight into the effects of an enteric coronavirus on postabsorptive metabolism in nursery pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Curry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - E R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - K J Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - K J Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - S M Lonergan
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Helm ET, Schweer WP, De Mille CM, Curry SM, Gabler NK. 135 Understanding the Performance Enhancing Mode of Action of in-Feed Sub-Therapeutic Antibiotics in Nursery Pigs. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - W P Schweer
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Kerr BJ, Lindblom SC, Overholt MF, Curry SM. 268 General Concepts and Measures of Oxidative Stress, Implication on Oxidative Balance, an Update on Recent Research in Swine, and Thoughts on Future Research. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
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De Mille CM, Curry SM, Gabler NK, Kerr BJ. 291 Effect of Prebiotic, Fatty Acid and Copper and Zinc Ingredients on Nursery Pig Performance. J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Curry SM, Burrough ER, Gabler NK. 101 Young Scholar Presentation: How Is Pig Intestinal Function and Health Altered in Response to Pathogen Challenges? J Anim Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky073.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S M Curry
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN
| | - E R Burrough
- Dept. of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - N K Gabler
- Dept. of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Curry SM, Schwartz KJ, Yoon KJ, Gabler NK, Burrough ER. Effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on nursery pig intestinal function and barrier integrity. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:58-66. [PMID: 29102122 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The pig intestinal epithelium can be compromised by pathogens leading to reduced integrity and function. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), recently detected in North America, exemplifies intestinal epithelial insult. Although several studies have investigated the molecular aspects and host immune response to PEDV, there are little data on the impact of PEDV on pig intestinal physiology. The objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of PEDV on nursery pig intestinal function and integrity. Fifty recently-weaned, 5-week-old barrows and gilts (BW=9.92±0.49kg) were sorted based on body weight (BW) and sex into two treatments: 1) Control or 2) PEDV inoculated. At 2, 5, 7, and 14days post inoculation (dpi), 4 pigs per treatment were euthanized and jejunum sections collected. PEDV antigen was detected in inoculated pigs by immunohistochemistry in 50% (2/4) at dpi 2, 100% (4/4) at dpi 5, and none at later time points. PEDV-infected pigs had reduced (P<0.05) villus height and decreased transepithelial resistance compared with controls. Total acidic mucins, particularly sialomucin, were reduced in PEDV pigs at dpi 2 and then increased compared with controls at dpi 7 and 14. In addition, PEDV pigs had increased stem cell proliferation (P<0.05) and a numerical increase in DNA fragmentation compared with controls through dpi 7 which coincided with an observed return of digestive function to that of controls. Collectively, these data reveal that PEDV infection results in time-dependent changes not only in intestinal morphology but also barrier integrity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Curry
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - K J Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - K J Yoon
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - E R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Curry SM, Daou AG, Hermanns P, Molinari A, Lewis RA, Bejjani BA. Cytochrome P4501B1 mutations cause only part of primary congenital glaucoma in Ecuador. Ophthalmic Genet 2009; 25:3-9. [PMID: 15255109 DOI: 10.1076/opge.25.1.3.28999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the role of cytochrome P450IBI (CYP1B1) mutations in causing primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) in a cohort of Native Americans from Quito, Ecuador. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with PCG from 15 Native American families were recruited from the Ophthalmology Clinic at Hospital Metropolitano, Quito, Ecuador. Experienced ophthalmologists examined all affected study subjects. Purified DNA was prepared from peripheral blood samples and CYP1B1 coding exons (exons 2 and 3) were amplified and sequenced. Southern blot was performed only on those affected patients who showed no mutations in the CYP1B1 coding exons. RESULTS The molecular basis of PCG in two families was determined: two novel mutations (a deletion and a point mutation) and one novel polymorphism in CYP1B1 were identified in addition to a previously described single amino acid substitution. Southern blot analyses on whole genomic DNA from affected individuals in whom no mutations were identified by the direct PCR/sequencing approach did not detect any large rearrangements or mutations outside the coding region. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mutations in CYPIBI are not a major cause of PCG in this population and that at least one additional locus for this condition is responsible for most cases. Further, the PCG phenotype did not correlate readily with the molecular basis of the disorder, suggesting that careful clinical analysis of the phenotype cannot predict the molecular basis of the disease with accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey M Curry
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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McCormack WM, Shen JJ, Curry SM, Berend SA, Kashork C, Pinar H, Potocki L, Bejjani BA. Partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13 associated with holoprosencephaly and the Dandy-Walker malformation. Am J Med Genet A 2003; 118A:384-9. [PMID: 12698964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Two patients with partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13, del(13)(13q21-q34) and del(13)(13q22-q33), respectively, multiple congenital anomalies including holoprosencephaly (HPE) and the Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) are described. The occurrence of HPE and the DWM in both of these patients suggests that, in addition to ZIC2, which is important for normal development of the forebrain, there is at least one other dosage-sensitive gene in 13q22-q33 that plays an important role in brain development. The DWM is anatomically and developmentally distinct from HPE. The presence of a DWM in each of these two patients with partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13 suggests that haploinsufficiency at a locus in 13q22-q33 may cause this anomaly. These findings suggest that microdeletions in 13q22-q33 may be found in a proportion of patients with an apparently isolated DWM. Therefore, careful high-resolution cytogenetic analysis (550 band level or greater) of 13q22-q33 may be considered in these patients. Furthermore, future molecular studies of this region may reveal candidate gene loci for the DWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael McCormack
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Room S434, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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McCormack WM, Shen JJ, Curry SM, Berend SA, Kashork C, Pinar H, Potocki L, Bejjani BA. Partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13 associated with holoprosencephaly and the Dandy-Walker malformation. Am J Med Genet 2002; 112:384-9. [PMID: 12376941 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.10659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two patients with partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13, del(13)(13q21-q34) and del(13)(13q22-q33), respectively, multiple congenital anomalies including holoprosencephaly (HPE) and the Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) are described. The occurrence of HPE and the DWM in both of these patients suggests that, in addition to ZIC2, which is important for normal development of the forebrain, there is at least one other dosage-sensitive gene in 13q22-q33 that plays an important role in brain development. The DWM is anatomically and developmentally distinct from HPE. The presence of a DWM in each of these two patients with partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 13 suggests that haploinsufficiency at a locus in 13q22-q33 may cause this anomaly. These findings suggest that microdeletions in 13q22-q33 may be found in a proportion of patients with an apparently isolated DWM. Therefore, careful high-resolution cytogenetic analysis (550 band level or greater) of 13q22-q33 may be considered in these patients. Furthermore, future molecular studies of this region may reveal candidate gene loci for the DWM.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Michael McCormack
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of the present study was to determine the intermediate-term survival and the independent predictors of survival and event-free survival for patients who undergo catheter balloon commissurotomy (CBC). METHODS AND RESULTS CBC for the treatment of mitral stenosis was performed in 132 patients from 1986 through 1994. The use of CBC increased the mitral valve area (MVA) from 1.0 +/- 0.3 to 1.9 +/- 0.6 cm2 (P < .001). There were six early deaths (4.5%) up to 1 month after CBC ("hospital" deaths). In the past 4.5 years, there have been no hospital deaths. Four late deaths occurred after elective mitral valve replacement (MVR). Actuarial 7-year survival was 95 +/- 1%; when mortality after MVR is included, 7-year survival was 83 +/- 6%. Actuarial 1-, 3-, 5-, and 7-year event-free survival (survival without MVR or repeat CBC) was 80 +/- 4%, 77 +/- 4%, 65 +/- 6%, and 65 +/- 6%. On multivariate analysis, the only two independent predictors (both after CBC) of 7-year event-free survival were MVA of > or = 1.5 versus < 1.5 cm2 (75 +/- 7% versus 32 +/- 12%) and mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure of < or = 18 versus > 18 mm Hg (84 +/- 6% versus 38 +/- 11%) (P < .001 for both). Patients with MVA of > or = 1.5 cm2 (n = 96) could be further subdivided into high- and low-risk subgroups for 7-year event-free survival by two post-CBC variables: mean pulmonary artery wedge pressure of < or = 18 versus > 18 mm Hg (90 +/- 6% versus 48 +/- 14%) (P = .0002) and cardiac index of > or = 2.5 versus < 2.5 L.min-1.m-2 (82 +/- 8% versus 61 +/- 13%) (P = .004). Patients with post-CBC MVA of < 1.5 cm2 (n = 24) had no additional predictors of event-free survival. Of patients who did not undergo MVR or repeat CBC, 8% were in New York Heart Association functional class III and 92% were in class I or early class II at the last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The rates for intermediate-term survival and event-free survival after CBC are very encouraging. Most patients without events were asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Thus, in selected patients with mitral stenosis who require an interventional procedure, CBC is the procedure of choice at centers with physicians who have experience and skill in performing this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Orrange
- Griffith Center, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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