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Isaacs A, Low YS, Macauslane KL, Seitanidou J, Pegg CL, Cheung STM, Liang B, Scott CAP, Landsberg MJ, Schulz BL, Chappell KJ, Modhiran N, Watterson D. Structure and antigenicity of divergent Henipavirus fusion glycoproteins. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3577. [PMID: 37328468 PMCID: PMC10275869 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39278-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2022, a novel henipavirus (HNV) named Langya virus (LayV) was isolated from patients with severe pneumonic disease in China. This virus is closely related to Mòjiāng virus (MojV), and both are divergent from the bat-borne HNV members, Nipah (NiV) and Hendra (HeV) viruses. The spillover of LayV is the first instance of a HNV zoonosis to humans outside of NiV and HeV, highlighting the continuing threat this genus poses to human health. In this work, we determine the prefusion structures of MojV and LayV F proteins via cryogenic electron microscopy to 2.66 and 3.37 Å, respectively. We show that despite sequence divergence from NiV, the F proteins adopt an overall similar structure but are antigenically distinct as they do not react to known antibodies or sera. Glycoproteomic analysis revealed that while LayV F is less glycosylated than NiV F, it contains a glycan that shields a site of vulnerability previously identified for NiV. These findings explain the distinct antigenic profile of LayV and MojV F, despite the extent to which they are otherwise structurally similar to NiV. Our results carry implications for broad-spectrum HNV vaccines and therapeutics, and indicate an antigenic, yet not structural, divergence from prototypical HNVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yu Shang Low
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kyle L Macauslane
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Joy Seitanidou
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cassandra L Pegg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Schulz
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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McMillan CLD, Azuar A, Choo JJY, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Isaacs A, Honeyman KE, Cheung STM, Liang B, Wurm MJ, Pino P, Kint J, Fernando GJP, Landsberg MJ, Khromykh AA, Hobson-Peters J, Watterson D, Young PR, Muller DA. Dermal Delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 Subunit Vaccine Induces Immunogenicity against Variants of Concern. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:578. [PMID: 35455326 PMCID: PMC9030474 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to disrupt essential health services in 90 percent of countries today. The spike (S) protein found on the surface of the causative agent, the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has been the prime target for current vaccine research since antibodies directed against the S protein were found to neutralize the virus. However, as new variants emerge, mutations within the spike protein have given rise to potential immune evasion of the response generated by the current generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. In this study, a modified, HexaPro S protein subunit vaccine, delivered using a needle-free high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP), was investigated for its immunogenicity and virus-neutralizing abilities. Mice given two doses of the vaccine candidate generated potent antibody responses capable of neutralizing the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus as well as the variants of concern, Alpha and Delta. These results demonstrate that this alternative vaccination strategy has the potential to mitigate the effect of emerging viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Jovin J. Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Kate E. Honeyman
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
| | - Maria J. Wurm
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Paco Pino
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Joeri Kint
- ExcellGene SA, CH1870 Monthey, Switzerland; (M.J.W.); (P.P.); (J.K.)
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Translational Research Institute, Vaxxas Pty Ltd., Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; (C.L.D.M.); (A.A.); (J.J.Y.C.); (N.M.); (A.A.A.); (A.I.); (K.E.H.); (S.T.M.C.); (B.L.); (G.J.P.F.); (M.J.L.); (A.A.K.); (J.H.-P.); (D.W.); (P.R.Y.)
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD 4072 and 4029, Australia
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McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Modhiran N, Barnes J, Amarilla AA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Lee LYY, Guilfoyle K, van Amerongen G, Stittelaar K, Jakob V, Lebas C, Reading P, Short KR, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Author Correction: Development of molecular clamp stabilized hemagglutinin vaccines for Influenza A viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2022; 7:3. [PMID: 34987159 PMCID: PMC8733011 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Amerongen
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Koert Stittelaar
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Jakob
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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Young A, Isaacs A, Scott CAP, Modhiran N, McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Barr J, Marsh G, Thakur N, Bailey D, Li KSM, Luk HKH, Kok KH, Lau SKP, Woo PCY, Furuyama W, Marzi A, Young PR, Chappell KJ, Watterson D. A platform technology for generating subunit vaccines against diverse viral pathogens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:963023. [PMID: 36059532 PMCID: PMC9436389 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.963023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic response has shown how vaccine platform technologies can be used to rapidly and effectively counteract a novel emerging infectious disease. The speed of development for mRNA and vector-based vaccines outpaced those of subunit vaccines, however, subunit vaccines can offer advantages in terms of safety and stability. Here we describe a subunit vaccine platform technology, the molecular clamp, in application to four viruses from divergent taxonomic families: Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), Ebola virus (EBOV), Lassa virus (LASV) and Nipah virus (NiV). The clamp streamlines subunit antigen production by both stabilising the immunologically important prefusion epitopes of trimeric viral fusion proteins while enabling purification without target-specific reagents by acting as an affinity tag. Conformations for each viral antigen were confirmed by monoclonal antibody binding, size exclusion chromatography and electron microscopy. Notably, all four antigens tested remained stable over four weeks of incubation at 40°C. Of the four vaccines tested, a neutralising immune response was stimulated by clamp stabilised MERS-CoV spike, EBOV glycoprotein and NiV fusion protein. Only the clamp stabilised LASV glycoprotein precursor failed to elicit virus neutralising antibodies. MERS-CoV and EBOV vaccine candidates were both tested in animal models and found to provide protection against viral challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer Barr
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn Marsh
- CSIRO, Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Nazia Thakur
- The Pirbright Institute, Woking, United Kingdom.,Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kenneth S M Li
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hayes K H Luk
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin-Hang Kok
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Susanna K P Lau
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Patrick C Y Woo
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wakako Furuyama
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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5
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McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Modhiran N, Barnes J, Amarilla AA, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Lee LYY, Guilfoyle K, van Amerongen G, Stittelaar K, Jakon V, Lebas C, Reading P, Short KR, Young PR, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Development of molecular clamp stabilized hemagglutinin vaccines for Influenza A viruses. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:135. [PMID: 34750396 PMCID: PMC8575991 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00395-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza viruses cause a significant number of infections and deaths annually. In addition to seasonal infections, the risk of an influenza virus pandemic emerging is extremely high owing to the large reservoir of diverse influenza viruses found in animals and the co-circulation of many influenza subtypes which can reassort into novel strains. Development of a universal influenza vaccine has proven extremely challenging. In the absence of such a vaccine, rapid response technologies provide the best potential to counter a novel influenza outbreak. Here, we demonstrate that a modular trimerization domain known as the molecular clamp allows the efficient production and purification of conformationally stabilised prefusion hemagglutinin (HA) from a diverse range of influenza A subtypes. These clamp-stabilised HA proteins provided robust protection from homologous virus challenge in mouse and ferret models and some cross protection against heterologous virus challenge. This work provides a proof-of-concept for clamp-stabilised HA vaccines as a tool for rapid response vaccine development against future influenza A virus pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - James Barnes
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia.,School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia
| | - Leo Yi Yang Lee
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kate Guilfoyle
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Geert van Amerongen
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Koert Stittelaar
- Viroclinics Xplore, Landerd Campus, Nistelrooise Baan 3, 5374 RE, Schaijk, The Netherlands
| | - Virginie Jakon
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Celia Lebas
- Vaccine Formulation Institute, Chemin des Aulx 14, 1228 Plan-Les-Ouates, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Kirsty R Short
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, 4072 and 4029, Australia. .,The Australian Institute of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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6
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McMillan CLD, Choo JJY, Idris A, Supramaniam A, Modhiran N, Amarilla AA, Isaacs A, Cheung STM, Liang B, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Azuar A, Acharya D, Kelly G, Fernando GJP, Landsberg MJ, Khromykh AA, Watterson D, Young PR, McMillan NAJ, Muller DA. Complete protection by a single-dose skin patch-delivered SARS-CoV-2 spike vaccine. Sci Adv 2021; 7:eabj8065. [PMID: 34714668 PMCID: PMC8555896 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abj8065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected more than 160 million people and resulted in more than 3.3 million deaths, and despite the availability of multiple vaccines, the world still faces many challenges with their rollout. Here, we use the high-density microarray patch (HD-MAP) to deliver a SARS-CoV-2 spike subunit vaccine directly to the skin. We show that the vaccine is thermostable on the patches, with patch delivery enhancing both cellular and antibody immune responses. Elicited antibodies potently neutralize clinically relevant isolates including the Alpha and Beta variants. Last, a single dose of HD-MAP–delivered spike provided complete protection from a lethal virus challenge in an ACE2-transgenic mouse model. Collectively, these data show that HD-MAP delivery of a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine was superior to traditional needle-and-syringe vaccination and may be a significant addition to the ongoing COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jovin J. Y. Choo
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Adi Idris
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Aroon Supramaniam
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alberto A. Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
| | - Armira Azuar
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Dhruba Acharya
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Kelly
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - Germain J. P. Fernando
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Vaxxas Pty Ltd, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Michael J. Landsberg
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Alexander A. Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, Queensland 4072 and 4029, Australia
| | - Nigel A. J. McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Pharmacy, Anatomy and Medical Sciences, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
| | - David A. Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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7
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Amarilla AA, Sng JDJ, Parry R, Deerain JM, Potter JR, Setoh YX, Rawle DJ, Le TT, Modhiran N, Wang X, Peng NYG, Torres FJ, Pyke A, Harrison JJ, Freney ME, Liang B, McMillan CLD, Cheung STM, Guevara DJDC, Hardy JM, Bettington M, Muller DA, Coulibaly F, Moore F, Hall RA, Young PR, Mackenzie JM, Hobson-Peters J, Suhrbier A, Watterson D, Khromykh AA. A versatile reverse genetics platform for SARS-CoV-2 and other positive-strand RNA viruses. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3431. [PMID: 34103499 PMCID: PMC8187723 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We demonstrate that despite the large size of the viral RNA genome (~30 kb), infectious full-length cDNA is readily assembled in vitro by a circular polymerase extension reaction (CPER) methodology without the need for technically demanding intermediate steps. Overlapping cDNA fragments are generated from viral RNA and assembled together with a linker fragment containing CMV promoter into a circular full-length viral cDNA in a single reaction. Transfection of the circular cDNA into mammalian cells results in the recovery of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virus that exhibits properties comparable to the parental virus in vitro and in vivo. CPER is also used to generate insect-specific Casuarina virus with ~20 kb genome and the human pathogens Ross River virus (Alphavirus) and Norovirus (Calicivirus), with the latter from a clinical sample. Additionally, reporter and mutant viruses are generated and employed to study virus replication and virus-receptor interactions. Here the authors describe a simple reverse genetics method that relies on overlapping cDNA fragments for generation of positive-strand viruses including SARS-CoV-2 and characterize them in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Rhys Parry
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua M Deerain
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James R Potter
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Microbiology and Molecular Epidemiology Division, Environmental Health Institute, National Environmental Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Daniel J Rawle
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Thuy T Le
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Nias Y G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Francisco J Torres
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alyssa Pyke
- Queensland Health Forensic & Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Jessica J Harrison
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Joshua M Hardy
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Bettington
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fasséli Coulibaly
- Infection & Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Frederick Moore
- Queensland Health Forensic & Scientific Services, Queensland Department of Health, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
| | - Roy A Hall
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jody Hobson-Peters
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Andreas Suhrbier
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia. .,Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Global Virus Network Centre of Excellence, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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8
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Modhiran N, Song H, Liu L, Bletchly C, Brillault L, Amarilla AA, Xu X, Qi J, Chai Y, Cheung STM, Traves R, Setoh YX, Bibby S, Scott CAP, Freney ME, Newton ND, Khromykh AA, Chappell KJ, Muller DA, Stacey KJ, Landsberg MJ, Shi Y, Gao GF, Young PR, Watterson D. A broadly protective antibody that targets the flavivirus NS1 protein. Science 2021; 371:190-194. [PMID: 33414219 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There are no approved flaviviral therapies and the development of vaccines against flaviruses has the potential of being undermined by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The flavivirus nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) is a promising vaccine antigen with low ADE risk but has yet to be explored as a broad-spectrum therapeutic antibody target. Here, we provide the structural basis of NS1 antibody cross-reactivity through cocrystallization of the antibody 1G5.3 with NS1 proteins from dengue and Zika viruses. The 1G5.3 antibody blocks multi-flavivirus NS1-mediated cell permeability in disease-relevant cell lines, and therapeutic application of 1G5.3 reduces viremia and improves survival in dengue, Zika, and West Nile virus murine models. Finally, we demonstrate that 1G5.3 protection is independent of effector function, identifying the 1G5.3 epitope as a key site for broad-spectrum antiviral development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naphak Modhiran
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Hao Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lidong Liu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheryl Bletchly
- Microbiology, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lou Brillault
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alberto A Amarilla
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaoying Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Renee Traves
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Summa Bibby
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Connor A P Scott
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalee D Newton
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David A Muller
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Katryn J Stacey
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael J Landsberg
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yi Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - George F Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. .,Research Network of Immunity and Health (RNIH), Beijing Institutes of Life Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paul R Young
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Daniel Watterson
- Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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9
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Amarilla AA, Modhiran N, Setoh YX, Peng NYG, Sng JDJ, Liang B, McMillan CLD, Freney ME, Cheung STM, Chappell KJ, Khromykh AA, Young PR, Watterson D. An Optimized High-Throughput Immuno-Plaque Assay for SARS-CoV-2. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:625136. [PMID: 33643253 PMCID: PMC7906992 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.625136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been identified as the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 and is capable of human-to-human transmission and rapid global spread. The rapid emergence and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 has encouraged the establishment of a rapid, sensitive, and reliable viral detection and quantification methodology. Here, we present an alternative assay, termed immuno-plaque assay (iPA), which utilizes a combination of plaque assay and immunofluorescence techniques. We have extensively optimized the conditions for SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrated the great flexibility of iPA detection using several antibodies and dual-probing with two distinct epitope-specific antibodies. In addition, we showed that iPA could be utilized for ultra-high-throughput viral titration and neutralization assay within 24 h and is amenable to a 384-well format. These advantages will significantly accelerate SARS-CoV-2 research outcomes during this pandemic period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto A Amarilla
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Yin Xiang Setoh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Nias Y G Peng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Julian D J Sng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Benjamin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher L D McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Morgan E Freney
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Keith J Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Alexander A Khromykh
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.,Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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10
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Isaacs A, Li Z, Cheung STM, Wijesundara DK, McMillan CLD, Modhiran N, Young PR, Ranasinghe C, Watterson D, Chappell KJ. Adjuvant Selection for Influenza and RSV Prefusion Subunit Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020071. [PMID: 33498370 PMCID: PMC7909420 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Subunit vaccines exhibit favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles and can be designed to mimic native antigen structures. However, pairing with an appropriate adjuvant is imperative in order to elicit effective humoral and cellular immune responses. In this study, we aimed to determine an optimal adjuvant pairing with the prefusion form of influenza haemagglutinin (HA) or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) subunit vaccines in BALB/c mice in order to inform future subunit vaccine adjuvant selection. We tested a panel of adjuvants, including aluminum hydroxide (alhydrogel), QS21, Addavax, Addavax with QS21 (AdQS21), and Army Liposome Formulation 55 with monophosphoryl lipid A and QS21 (ALF55). We found that all adjuvants elicited robust humoral responses in comparison to placebo, with the induction of potent neutralizing antibodies observed in all adjuvanted groups against influenza and in AdQS21, alhydrogel, and ALF55 against RSV. Upon HA vaccination, we observed that none of the adjuvants were able to significantly increase the frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells when compared to unadjuvanted antigen. The varying responses to antigens with each adjuvant highlights that those adjuvants most suited for pairing purposes can vary depending on the antigen used and/or the desired immune response. We therefore suggest that an adjuvant trial for different subunit vaccines in development would likely be necessary in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Isaacs
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Zheyi Li
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Stacey T. M. Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Danushka K. Wijesundara
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Christopher L. D. McMillan
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Naphak Modhiran
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
| | - Paul R. Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charani Ranasinghe
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; (Z.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Keith J. Chappell
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (A.I.); (S.T.M.C.); (C.L.D.M.); (N.M.); (P.R.Y.); (D.W.)
- The Australian Institute for Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- Australian Infectious Disease Research Centre, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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11
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Li J, Watterson D, Chang CW, Che XY, Li XQ, Ericsson DJ, Qiu LW, Cai JP, Chen J, Fry SR, Cheung STM, Cooper MA, Young PR, Kobe B. Structural and Functional Characterization of a Cross-Reactive Dengue Virus Neutralizing Antibody that Recognizes a Cryptic Epitope. Structure 2017; 26:51-59.e4. [PMID: 29249606 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of the neutralizing antibody response to dengue virus (DENV) is an essential component in the design and development of effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics. Here we present the structure of a cross-reactive, neutralizing antibody, 3E31, in complex with domain III (DIII) of the DENV envelope (E) protein and reveal a conserved, temperature-sensitive, cryptic epitope on DIII that is not available in any of the known conformations of E on the dengue virion. We observed that 3E31 inhibits E-mediated membrane fusion, suggesting that the antibody is able to neutralize virus through binding an as-yet uncharacterized intermediate conformation of DENV E and sterically block trimer formation. Finally, we show that, unlike cross-reactive fusion peptide-specific antibodies, 3E31 does not promote antibody-dependent enhancement of infection at sub-neutralizing concentrations. Our results highlight the 3E31 epitope on the E protein DIII as a promising target for immunotherapeutics or vaccine design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China; School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel Watterson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Chiung-Wen Chang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Xiao-Yan Che
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Quan Li
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Daniel J Ericsson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Li-Wen Qiu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, ZhuJiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, People's Republic of China
| | - Scott R Fry
- Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stacey T M Cheung
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Matthew A Cooper
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Division of Chemistry and Structural Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Paul R Young
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Bostjan Kobe
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Infectious Diseases Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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