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Svendsen AT, Nielsen HL, Bytzer P, Coia JE, Engberg J, Holt HM, Lemming L, Lomborg S, Marmolin ES, Olesen BS, Andersen LP, Ethelberg S, Engsbro AL. The incidence of laboratory-confirmed cases of enteric pathogens in Denmark 2018: a national observational study. Infect Dis (Lond) 2023; 55:340-350. [PMID: 36868794 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2023.2183253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Only a subset of enteric pathogens is under surveillance in Denmark, and knowledge on the remaining pathogens detected in acute gastroenteritis is limited. Here, we present the one-year incidence of all enteric pathogens diagnosed in Denmark, a high-income country, in 2018 and an overview of diagnostic methods used for detection. METHODS All 10 departments of clinical microbiology completed a questionnaire on test methods and provided 2018-data of persons with positive stool samples with Salmonella species, Campylobacter jejuni/coli, Yersinia enterocolitica, Aeromonas species, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (Enteroinvasive (EIEC), Shiga toxin-producing (STEC), Enterotoxigenic (ETEC), Enteropathogenic (EPEC), and intimin-producing/attaching and effacing (AEEC)), Shigella species., Vibrio cholerae, norovirus, rotavirus, sapovirus, adenovirus, Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium species, and Entamoeba histolytica. RESULTS Enteric bacterial infections were diagnosed with an incidence of 229.9 cases/100,000 inhabitants, virus had an incidence of 86/100,000 and enteropathogenic parasites of 12.5/100,000. Viruses constituted more than half of diagnosed enteropathogens for children below 2 years and elderly above 80 years. Diagnostic methods and algorithms differed across the country and in general PCR testing resulted in higher incidences compared to culture (bacteria), antigen-test (viruses), or microscopy (parasites) for most pathogens. CONCLUSIONS In Denmark, the majority of detected infections are bacterial with viral agents primarily detected in the extremes of ages and with few intestinal protozoal infections. Incidence rates were affected by age, clinical setting and local test methods with PCR leading to increased detection rates. The latter needs to be taken into account when interpreting epidemiological data across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tølbøll Svendsen
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Linde Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Bytzer
- Department of Medicine, Zealand University Hospital, Køge, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Eugenio Coia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sydvestjysk Sygehus, Esbjerg, Denmark.,Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern, Odense, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Engberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Hanne Marie Holt
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Lemming
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Steen Lomborg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sygehus Sønderjylland, Aabenraa, Denmark
| | - Ea Sofie Marmolin
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sygehus Lillebælt, Vejle, Denmark
| | - Bente Scharvik Olesen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leif Percival Andersen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Ethelberg
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Prevention, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Global Health Section, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Line Engsbro
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Zealand University Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark.,Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Turner KME, Frølund M, Davies B, Benfield T, Rasmussen S, Ward H, May MT, Westh H, Andersen BS, Bangsborg J, Christiansen CB, Dessau RBC, Hoffman S, Kjaeldgaard P, Jensen JS, Jensen TG, Lomborg S, Møller JK, Jensen TE, Nørskov-Lauritsen N, Panum I, Dzajic E, Rasmussen B. P08.37 Epidemiological trends in chlamydia testing in denmark 1991 to 2011 and formation of a retrospective, population-based cohort: the danish chlamydia study. Br J Vener Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2015-052270.383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Andersen B, Eidner PO, Hagensen D, Lomborg S, Hoff G. Opportunistic screening of young men for urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis infection in general practice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 37:35-9. [PMID: 15764188 DOI: 10.1080/00365540510026418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis is a widespread, sexually transmitted infection causing pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain among women. Asymptomatic infections among men contribute significantly to maintaining the spread of the infection. In a 1-y intervention study in general practices we aimed to evaluate an opportunistic screening programme targeting 16-25-y-old men. When the young men saw their general practitioner (GP) for the first time during the intervention y, they were offered a test for C. trachomatis based on a first catch urine sample. Main outcome measures were percentage of tested men and prevalence of infection in the intervention practices compared with the test activity in the rest of the county during the intervention y and the y before. GPs in the intervention practices saw 617 (75.6%) of the 814 registered young men during the intervention period. Screening was offered to 300 (48.6%) and 219 (26.9% of the target population) accepted the invitation. The prevalence of infection among screened men was 5.0%. We conclude that opportunistic screening for urogenital C. trachomatis infection in general practice is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Andersen
- Research Unit for General Practice, University of Aarhus, Ikast, Denmark.
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Jacobsson S, Fogh A, Larsson P, Lomborg S. Evaluation of amoxicillin clavulanate twice daily versus thrice daily in the treatment of otitis media in children. Danish-Swedish Study Group. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 1993; 12:319-24. [PMID: 8354296 DOI: 10.1007/bf01964426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 311 children who had recurrent otitis media or who had experienced failure of initial treatment of acute otitis media with phenoxymethylpenicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin esters or cefaclor were entered into a single-blind study in two parallel groups in order to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate suspension given b.i.d. or t.i.d. for seven days. The patients were examined prior to the start of treatment, at an early follow-up visit 9 to 12 days after the start of treatment and at a late follow-up visit about three weeks later. Specimens for bacteriological culture were taken from the nasopharynx at entry, at the early follow-up visit, and at the late follow-up visit if there were symptoms of otitis. Both treatment groups showed a similar response, 90% or more of the patients being cured or showing improvement at the time of the early follow-up visit. The initial nasopharyngeal cultures showed growth of Haemophilus influenzae in 53% of the patients, Moraxella catarrhalis in 43% and Streptococcus pneumoniae in 39%. After treatment, cultures showed elimination of the initial pathogens in 30% of patients in both groups and recolonization in 23% in both groups. Haemophilus influenzae was the bacteria most frequently found in the nasopharynx at the first follow-up visit. Adverse effects, which consisted mostly of gastrointestinal and dermatological reactions, tended to be more common in the b.i.d. group but the difference was not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jacobsson
- Ear-Nose-Throat Department, Mölndal Hospital, Sweden
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