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Abstract
Pulmonary diseases can occur across the entire disease spectrum of malignant hematologic systemic diseases. Although infectious processes of the lungs are common in these immunosuppressed patient collectives, noninfectious causes account for up to half of the pulmonary manifestations found in hematologic malignancies. Besides the frequent infections including opportunistic pathogens, a broad differential diagnosis including drug-induced lung injury by cytostatic substances, cytokines, and innovative immunotherapeutic agents, rarer transfusion of blood products and intrathoracic manifestations of the hematologic malignancy itself, have to be kept in mind. Finally, vascular complications can also lead to pulmonary reactions. Early and consistent diagnostics and treatment of the bronchopulmonary, intrathoracic and vascular complications within the framwework of hematologic systemic diseases can be essential for the patient's prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-S Stecher
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik II, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Großhadern, München, Deutschland
| | - S Lippl
- Medizinsche Klinik und Poliklinik III, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland
| | - H J Stemmler
- Medizinsche Klinik und Poliklinik III, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Campus Großhadern, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - J Schreiber
- Universitätsklinik für Pneumologie, Otto-von-Guericke-Universität Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Deutschland
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Frey N, Frank D, Lippl S, Kuhn C, Kögler H, Barrientos T, Rohr C, Will R, Müller OJ, Weiler H, Bassel-Duby R, Katus HA, Olson EN. Calsarcin-2 deficiency increases exercise capacity in mice through calcineurin/NFAT activation. J Clin Invest 2008; 118:3598-608. [PMID: 18846255 DOI: 10.1172/jci36277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of skeletal muscle, in terms of the relative number of slow- and fast-twitch fibers, is tightly regulated to enable an organism to respond and adapt to changing physical demands. The phosphatase calcineurin and its downstream targets, transcription factors of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family, play a critical role in this process by promoting the formation of slow-twitch, oxidative fibers. Calcineurin binds to calsarcins, a family of striated muscle-specific proteins of the sarcomeric Z-disc. We show here that mice deficient in calsarcin-2, which is expressed exclusively by fast-twitch muscle and encoded by the myozenin 1 (Myoz1) gene, have substantially reduced body weight and fast-twitch muscle mass in the absence of an overt myopathic phenotype. Additionally, Myoz1 KO mice displayed markedly improved performance and enhanced running distances in exercise studies. Analysis of fiber type composition of calsarcin-2-deficient skeletal muscles showed a switch toward slow-twitch, oxidative fibers. Reporter assays in cultured myoblasts indicated an inhibitory role for calsarcin-2 on calcineurin, and Myoz1 KO mice exhibited both an excess of NFAT activity and an increase in expression of regulator of calcineurin 1-4 (RCAN1-4), indicating enhanced calcineurin signaling in vivo. Taken together, these results suggest that calsarcin-2 modulates exercise performance in vivo through regulation of calcineurin/NFAT activity and subsequent alteration of the fiber type composition of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Frey
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Frank D, Kuhn C, van Eickels M, Gehring D, Hanselmann C, Lippl S, Will R, Katus HA, Frey N. Calsarcin-1 Protects Against Angiotensin-II–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy. Circulation 2007; 116:2587-96. [DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.107.711317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Derk Frank
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christian Kuhn
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin van Eickels
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Doris Gehring
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christiane Hanselmann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Stefanie Lippl
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hugo A. Katus
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- From the Department of Internal Medicine III (D.F., C.K., C.H., S.L., R.W., H.A.K., N.F.), University of Heidelberg, Germany; Medizinische Universitäts-Poliklinik (M.v.E.), Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany; and Sanofi-Aventis Pharma (D.G.), Frankfurt, Germany
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Conrad M, Jakupoglu C, Moreno SG, Lippl S, Banjac A, Schneider M, Beck H, Hatzopoulos AK, Just U, Sinowatz F, Schmahl W, Chien KR, Wurst W, Bornkamm GW, Brielmeier M. Essential role for mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase in hematopoiesis, heart development, and heart function. Mol Cell Biol 2004; 24:9414-23. [PMID: 15485910 PMCID: PMC522221 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.24.21.9414-9423.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 347] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen radicals regulate many physiological processes, such as signaling, proliferation, and apoptosis, and thus play a pivotal role in pathophysiology and disease development. There are at least two thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin systems participating in the cellular defense against oxygen radicals. At present, relatively little is known about the contribution of individual enzymes to the redox metabolism in different cell types. To begin to address this question, we generated and characterized mice lacking functional mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase (TrxR2). Ubiquitous Cre-mediated inactivation of TrxR2 is associated with embryonic death at embryonic day 13. TrxR2(TrxR2(-/-)minus;/TrxR2(-/-)minus;) embryos are smaller and severely anemic and show increased apoptosis in the liver. The size of hematopoietic colonies cultured ex vivo is dramatically reduced. TrxR2-deficient embryonic fibroblasts are highly sensitive to endogenous oxygen radicals when glutathione synthesis is inhibited. Besides the defect in hematopoiesis, the ventricular heart wall of TrxR2(TrxR2(-/-)minus;/TrxR2(-/-)minus;) embryos is thinned and proliferation of cardiomyocytes is decreased. Cardiac tissue-restricted ablation of TrxR2 results in fatal dilated cardiomyopathy, a condition reminiscent of that in Keshan disease and Friedreich's ataxia. We conclude that TrxR2 plays a pivotal role in both hematopoiesis and heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumour Genetics, GSF Research Centre for Environment and Health, Marchioninistr. 25, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
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