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Roesch S, Moeller K, Bahnmueller J. Finger counting, finger number gesturing, and basic numerical skills: A cross-sectional study in 3- to 5-year-olds. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 242:105892. [PMID: 38492555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2024.105892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that using finger-based strategies is beneficial for the acquisition of basic numerical skills. There are basically two finger-based strategies to be distinguished: (a) finger counting (i.e., extending single fingers successively) and (b) finger number gesturing (i.e., extending fingers simultaneously to represent magnitudes). In this study, we investigated both spontaneous and prompted finger counting and finger number gesturing as well as their contribution to basic numerical skills in 3- to 5-year-olds (N = 156). Results revealed that only 6% of children spontaneously used their fingers for counting when asked to name a specific number of animals, whereas 59% applied finger number gesturing to show their age. This indicates that the spontaneous use of finger-based strategies depends heavily on the specific context. Moreover, children performed significantly better in prompted finger counting than in finger number gesturing, suggesting that both strategies build on each other. Finally, both prompted finger counting and finger number gesturing significantly and individually predicted counting, cardinal number knowledge, and basic arithmetic. These results indicate that finger counting and finger number gesturing follow and positively relate to numerical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Roesch
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, 72072 Tübingen, Germany; Centre for Mathematical Cognition, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Bahnmueller
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, School of Science, Loughborough University, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
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2
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Kreilinger IL, Roesch S, Moeller K, Pixner S. Mastery of structured quantities like finger or dice patterns predict arithmetic performance. Cogn Process 2020; 22:93-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s10339-020-00994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Barrocas R, Roesch S, Gawrilow C, Moeller K. Putting a Finger on Numerical Development - Reviewing the Contributions of Kindergarten Finger Gnosis and Fine Motor Skills to Numerical Abilities. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1012. [PMID: 32528379 PMCID: PMC7264267 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The well-documented association between fingers and numbers is not only based on the observation that most children use their fingers for counting and initial calculation, but also on extensive behavioral and neuro-functional evidence. In this article, we critically review developmental studies evaluating the association between finger sensorimotor skills (i.e., finger gnosis and fine motor skills) and numerical abilities. In sum, reviewed studies were found to provide evidential value and indicated that both finger gnosis and fine motor skills predict measures of counting, number system knowledge, number magnitude processing, and calculation ability. Therefore, specific and unique contributions of both finger gnosis and fine motor skills to the development of numerical skills seem to be substantiated. Through critical consideration of the reviewed evidence, we suggest that the association of finger gnosis and fine motor skills with numerical abilities may emerge from a combination of functional and redeployment mechanisms, in which the early use of finger-based numerical strategies during childhood might be the developmental process by which number representations become intertwined with the finger sensorimotor system, which carries an innate predisposition for said association to unfold. Further research is nonetheless necessary to clarify the causal mechanisms underlying this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Caterina Gawrilow
- Department of Psychology, LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Leibniz-Institut fuer Wissensmedien, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Psychology, LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Centre for Mathematical Cognition, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Jung S, Meinhardt A, Braeuning D, Roesch S, Cornu V, Pazouki T, Schiltz C, Lonnemann J, Moeller K. Hierarchical Development of Early Visual-Spatial Abilities - A Taxonomy Based Assessment Using the MaGrid App. Front Psychol 2020; 11:871. [PMID: 32508712 PMCID: PMC7251177 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Visual-spatial abilities (VSA) are considered a building block of early numerical development. They are intuitively acquired in early childhood and differentiate in further development. However, when children enter school, there already are considerable individual differences in children’s visual-spatial and numerical abilities. To better understand this diversity, it is necessary to empirically evaluate the development as well as the latent structure of early VSA as proposed by the 2 by 2 taxonomy of Newcombe and Shipley (2015). In the present study, we report on a tablet-based assessment of VSA using the digital application (app) MaGrid in kindergarten children aged 4–6 years. We investigated whether the visual-spatial tasks implemented in MaGrid are sensitive to replicate previously observed age differences in VSA and thus a hierarchical development of VSA. Additionally, we evaluated whether the selected tasks conform to the taxonomy of VSA by Newcombe and Shipley (2015) applying a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) approach. Our results indicated that the hierarchical development of VSA can be measured using MaGrid. Furthermore, the CFA substantiated the hypothesized factor structure of VSA in line with the dimensions proposed in the taxonomy of Newcombe and Shipley (2015). Taken together, the present results advance our knowledge to the (hierarchical) development as well as the latent structure of early VSA in kindergarten children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Jung
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna Meinhardt
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.,DIPF Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Frankfurt, Germany.,Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt, Germany
| | - David Braeuning
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Véronique Cornu
- Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Tahereh Pazouki
- Luxembourg Centre for Educational Testing (LUCET), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christine Schiltz
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences (DBCS), University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jan Lonnemann
- Empirical Childhood Research, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Frankfurt, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Mathematical Cognition, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Barrocas R, Roesch S, Dresen V, Moeller K, Pixner S. Embodied numerical representations and their association with multi-digit arithmetic performance. Cogn Process 2019; 21:95-103. [PMID: 31701377 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-019-00940-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a well-documented association between fingers and numbers, which was claimed to stem from the use of finger-based strategies for counting and calculating during childhood. Recently, it has been argued that this may lead to a concomitant activation of finger-based alongside other numerical representations when encountering single-digit numbers. Indeed, the occurrence of such a co-activation is supported by observed influences of finger counting habits on different numerical tasks, including single-digit arithmetic problem solving. In this study, we pursued the question whether the influence of finger-based representations on arithmetic generalizes to multi-digit arithmetic by investigating the association between the recognition of canonical and non-canonical finger patterns and multi-digit arithmetic in adults. Results indicated that canonical finger-based numerical representations were significantly associated with addition performance only, whereas non-canonical finger-based representations were associated significantly with all four arithmetic operations. We argue that, because non-canonical patterns do not benefit from the iconicity of canonical patterns, their magnitude may need to be constructed through magnitude manipulation which may in turn increase associations with mental arithmetic. In sum, our findings provide converging evidence for a functional association between finger-based representations and arithmetic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Verena Dresen
- Institute of Psychology, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Leibniz-Institut fuer Wissensmedien, Tübingen, Germany.,LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, Department of Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Silvia Pixner
- Institute of Psychology, UMIT - Private University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall in Tirol, Austria
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Worsley MP, Forrest PN, Roesch S, Thatcher C, Sermon PA, Kaur P. Nanoengineering ABO 3 active sites from low-energy routes (TX100-stabilised water-in-oil microemulsions, surface segregation and surface complexation on colloidal AlOOH/sol-gel Al 2O 3 surfaces) for pollution control catalysis. Faraday Discuss 2018; 208:537-553. [PMID: 29946606 DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00006a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that water-in-oil microemulsions (m/e or μE) can produce BaCeO3 (BCO) and LaCoO3 (LCO) precursors. The nanoparticles (NPs) adsorb on AlOOH sols, in much the same way as Turkevich previously immobilised platinum group metal sols. BCO is active in CO and propane oxidation and NO removal under stoichiometric exhaust conditions, but LCO is a better oxidation catalyst. Activity was also seen when Ba,Ce and La,Co are inserted into/segregate at the surface of AlOOH/Al2O3. However, there is only formation of low levels of BCO, CAIO3 (CAO), LCO and LaAIO3 (LAO) perovskites, along with aluminates and separate oxides. The complexing of cations by AlOOH surface-held oxalate ions, albeit with different efficiencies, has also been explored. All three routes yield active catalysts with micro-domains of crystallinity; microemulsions produce the best defined perovskite NPs, but even those from surface segregation have higher turnover numbers than traditional Pt catalysts. Perovskite NPs may open up green chemistry for air pollution control that is consistent with a circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Worsley
- Nanomaterials Laboratory, Wolfson Centre, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middx. UB8 3PH, UK.
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Florian A, Bietenbeck M, Meier C, Roesch S, Sechtem U, Yilmaz A. P3168Progression of cardiomyopathy in patients with muscular dystrophy - a CMR-based extensive follow-up study. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Florian
- University Hospital of Munster, Cardiology, Munster, Germany
| | - M Bietenbeck
- University Hospital of Munster, Cardiology, Munster, Germany
| | - C Meier
- University Hospital of Munster, Cardiology, Munster, Germany
| | - S Roesch
- Robert Bosch Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - U Sechtem
- Robert Bosch Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - A Yilmaz
- University Hospital of Munster, Cardiology, Munster, Germany
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Shomanova Z, Florian A, Sauter M, Roesch S, Sechtem U, Klingel K, Yilmaz A. P3512Disruption of the sarcoglycan-dystrophin complex in patients with biopsy-proven myocarditis - novel pathophysiological insights based on comprehensive analyses of endomyocardial biopsies. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx504.p3512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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9
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Chmielewski L, Florian A, Bietenbeck M, Patrascu A, Roesch S, Sechtem U, Yilmaz A. P5506Relationship between electrical and myocardial abnormalities in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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10
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Roesch S, Janda P, Rasp G. [Clinical status in Otolaryngology]. Laryngorhinootologie 2016; 95:168-9. [PMID: 26974198 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-102894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Roesch
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Österreich
| | - P Janda
- Praxis München, Neutraubling, Deutschland
| | - G Rasp
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Österreich
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11
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Wasner M, Nuerk HC, Martignon L, Roesch S, Moeller K. Finger gnosis predicts a unique but small part of variance in initial arithmetic performance. J Exp Child Psychol 2016; 146:1-16. [PMID: 26895483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2016.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies indicated that finger gnosis (i.e., the ability to perceive and differentiate one's own fingers) is associated reliably with basic numerical competencies. In this study, we aimed at examining whether finger gnosis is also a unique predictor for initial arithmetic competencies at the beginning of first grade-and thus before formal math instruction starts. Therefore, we controlled for influences of domain-specific numerical precursor competencies, domain-general cognitive ability, and natural variables such as gender and age. Results from 321 German first-graders revealed that finger gnosis indeed predicted a unique and relevant but nevertheless only small part of the variance in initial arithmetic performance (∼1%-2%) as compared with influences of general cognitive ability and numerical precursor competencies. Taken together, these results substantiated the notion of a unique association between finger gnosis and arithmetic and further corroborate the theoretical idea of finger-based representations contributing to numerical cognition. However, the only small part of variance explained by finger gnosis seems to limit its relevance for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Wasner
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Hans-Christoph Nuerk
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Laura Martignon
- Institute of Mathematics and Computing, University of Education, 71634 Ludwigsburg, Germany
| | | | - Korbinian Moeller
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Roesch S, Janda P, Rasp G. [Clinical status in Otolaryngology--ear and nose]. Laryngorhinootologie 2016; 95:8-9. [PMID: 26756651 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-111103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Roesch
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Österreich
| | - P Janda
- Praxis München + Neutraubling, Deutschland
| | - G Rasp
- Universitätsklinik für Hals-Nasen-Ohrenheilkunde der Paracelsus Medizinischen Privatuniversität Salzburg, Österreich
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Roesch S, Rasp G, Dejaco M. [Septoplasty]. Laryngorhinootologie 2015; 94:732-3. [PMID: 26584212 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1566299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Roesch S, Tóth M. [Rare finding of the inner ear after trauma]. Laryngorhinootologie 2015; 94:770-1. [PMID: 26135118 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1555760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Abstract
Numerical cognition has long been considered the perfect example of abstract information processing. Nevertheless, there is accumulating evidence in recent years suggesting that the representation of number magnitude may not be entirely abstract but may present a specific case of embodied cognition rooted in the sensory and bodily experiences of early finger counting and calculating. However, so far none of the existing models of numerical development considers the influence of finger-based representations. Therefore, we make first suggestions on (i) how finger-based representations may be integrated into a current model of numerical development; and (ii) how they might corroborate the acquisition of basic numerical competencies at different development levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Korbinian Moeller
- Knowledge Media Research Center Tuebingen, Germany ; Department of Psychology, Eberhard-Karls University Tuebingen, Germany
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Mück F, Deak Z, Roesch S, Fischer F, Peschel O, Weber K, Reiser M, Wirth S. The bottom dose limit for soft tissue evaluation in contrast enhanced CT of the chest: A dose finding cadaver study using a model-based iterative image reconstruction approach. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gorman J, Roesch S, Pierce J, Parker B, Madlensky L, Saquib N, Newman V. Physical and mental health correlates of pregnancy following breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e20552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e20552 Background: The possibility and safety of pregnancy after breast cancer is an important issue for many younger breast cancer survivors and their health care providers. Current research does not indicate that survival is negatively affected by pregnancy. However, the “healthy mother bias”, suggesting that survivors who go on to become pregnant are a self-selected healthier group based on their prognosis, has led to cautious interpretation of these findings. No studies have systematically evaluated the potential for this bias. Methods: This nested case-control study includes 81 participants, age 40 or younger at diagnosis, from the Women's Healthy Eating and Living Study (WHEL) (N=3,088). Our sample includes 27 cases who went on to have a child after breast cancer and 54 controls, matched on age and stage at diagnosis, who did not. We used hierarchical linear modeling to accommodate longitudinal data with individuals nested within matched sets (cases and controls). The primary aim was to evaluate the association between summary scores of health and successful pregnancy after breast cancer. The outcome variables, physical health summary score (PHSS) and mental health summary score (MHSS), were taken from the RAND 36 item health survey (SF-36). Covariates were added for adjustment and to improve model precision. Results: Controlling for other variables in the model, mean PHSS were not different among cases compared to controls (B=0.14, p=0.96) (n=152). MHSS were marginally higher among cases (B=6.40, p=0.08), as compared to controls (n=154). This difference is considered clinically significant. Conclusions: While based on a small sample size, this preliminary study did not find evidence of a healthy mother bias based on scores of physical health. However, mental health was marginally better among those who went on to have a child, indicating that the role of mental health should be evaluated in future research. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Gorman
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - S. Roesch
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - J. Pierce
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - B. Parker
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - L. Madlensky
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - N. Saquib
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - V. Newman
- University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
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Jacobs MJ, Roesch S, Wonderlich SA, Crosby R, Thornton L, Wilfley DE, Berrettini WH, Brandt H, Crawford S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Lavia M, Mitchell JE, Rotondo A, Strober M, Woodside DB, Kaye WH, Bulik CM. Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents. Psychol Med 2009; 39:451-461. [PMID: 18578898 PMCID: PMC3714180 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291708003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with behavioral traits that predate the onset of AN and persist after recovery. We identified patterns of behavioral traits in AN trios (proband plus two biological parents). METHOD A total of 433 complete trios were collected in the Price Foundation Genetic Study of AN using standardized instruments for eating disorder (ED) symptoms, anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament. We used latent profile analysis and ANOVA to identify and validate patterns of behavioral traits. RESULTS We distinguished three classes with medium to large effect sizes by mothers' and probands' drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance. Fathers did not differ significantly across classes. Classes were distinguished by degree of symptomatology rather than qualitative differences. Class 1 (approximately 33%) comprised low symptom probands and mothers with scores in the healthy range. Class 2 ( approximately 43%) included probands with marked elevations in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance and mothers with mild anxious/perfectionistic traits. Class 3 (approximately 24%) included probands and mothers with elevations on ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits. Mother-daughter symptom severity was related in classes 1 and 3 only. Trio profiles did not differ significantly by proband clinical status or subtype. CONCLUSIONS A key finding is the importance of mother and daughter traits in the identification of temperament and personality patterns in families affected by AN. Mother-daughter pairs with severe ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits may represent a more homogeneous and familial variant of AN that could be of value in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jacobs
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Eating Disorders Treatment and Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Roesch S, Mailly P, Deniau JM, Maurin Y. Computer assisted three-dimensional reconstruction of brain regions from serial section digitized images. Application to the organization of striato-nigral relationships in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 1996; 69:197-204. [PMID: 8946323 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0270(96)00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a software which allows the three-dimensional reconstruction of brain regions from serial section digitized images. This software, which generates wire-frame three dimensional models, requires at least a 486 PC microcomputer running Microsoft Windows (3.x or 95). Mosaics of high resolution images, covering large brain areas, digitized by means of a camera fitted on a microscope equipped with a motorized stage, are handled by our software as single high resolution images. Serial sets of such images may be segmented and manually aligned. We have utilized this software to study the organization of striatal efferences within the substantia nigra pars reticulata, as well as the distribution of neuronal cell bodies within the substantia nigra pars compacta after micro-ionophoretic application of wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase into the orofacial sensorimotor region of the striatum. The three dimensional representation of anterogradely labeled striatal efferences confirmed and determined the lamellar organization previously postulated from serial plane section micrographs. The distribution in the rat brain of retrogradely labeled nigro-striatal cell bodies, which had not yet been studied after injection of tracer into functionally identified regions of the striatum, revealed two subpopulations: a first one rather dense, located in the anterior half of the substantia nigra pars compacta, which was in close register with the striatal efferences, and a second one, much more scattered and less numerous, located in the posterior part of the structure which extended far from the substantia nigra along the medio-lateral axis. Our three dimensional reconstruction software will now be used to study the neuronal connectivity within the basal ganglia and other brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roesch
- Neurochemistry-Anatomy Laboratory, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS URA 1488, Paris, France
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Abstract
Ives found that when monochromatic stimuli are matched to white by flicker photometry, they are not equal in brightness to the white by direct comparison, and the discrepancy is minimal for yellow but is increased for longer and shorter wavelengths. On the two sides of yellow, the colors are more saturated, and Ives postulated that brightness involves the sum of a chromatic component and an achromatic component and that the chromatic component varies with the saturation. In the case of a deuteranope, one would expect a vigorous chromatic response for yellow and blue stimuli but a poor response for the neutral part of the spectrum. The Ives effect is virtually nonexistent for subject SR, who is a deuteranope. In terms of the zone theory of color vision, this would mean that the blue-yellow chromatic channel contributes little or nothing to brightness. In a normal observer, the blue-yellow mechanism can be isolated by using blues and yellows depurified with white, but in this case the Ives effect is found to exist.
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