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Eastwood J, van Hemert S, Poveda C, Elmore S, Williams C, Lamport D, Walton G. The Effect of Probiotic Bacteria on Composition and Metabolite Production of Faecal Microbiota Using In Vitro Batch Cultures. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112563. [PMID: 37299530 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotic supplements are increasingly being used to target the gut microbiome with a view to improving cognitive and psychological function via the gut-brain axis. One possible mechanism behind the effect of probiotics is through alterations to microbially-derived metabolites including short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and neurotransmitters. However, research to date has largely been conducted in animal models or under conditions irrelevant to the human gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The aim of the current work was therefore to use anaerobic, pH controlled in vitro batch cultures to (a) assess the production of neuroactive metabolites in human faecal microbiota under conditions relevant to the human GIT, and (b) to explore how several pre-selected probiotic strains may affect bacterial composition and metabolite production. Enumeration of bacteria was assessed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation with flow cytometry, and concentrations of SCFAs and neurotransmitters were measured using gas chromatography and liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy, respectively. GABA, serotonin, tryptophan, and dopamine were successfully detected, suggesting some level of microbial derivation. The addition of Lactococcus lactis W58 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus W198 resulted in a significant increase in lactate after 8 h of fermentation, while no significant effect of probiotics on bacterial composition or neurotransmitter production was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Eastwood
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Saskia van Hemert
- Winclove Probiotics, Hulstweg 11, 1032 LB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carlos Poveda
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Stephen Elmore
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Claire Williams
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Daniel Lamport
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BZ, UK
| | - Gemma Walton
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
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Guay K, Fuentes M, Trice R, Elmore S, Attal M, Christie A, Baker J, Garcia T. Effects of level of bedding on lying behavior in stalled horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2019.03.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Elmore S, Wisse A, Chapin RW, Whelan TP, Silver RM. Voriconazole-associated periostitis presenting as hypertrophic osteoarthropathy following lung transplantation report of two cases and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2019; 49:319-323. [PMID: 31103239 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic osteoarthropathy (HOA) is a syndrome characterized by abnormal proliferation of skin and osseous tissue frequently associated with underlying pulmonary disorders. Cardinal features include digital clubbing, periostitis and significant joint and bone pain. A number of recent reports have emerged of HOA and periostitis occurring in association with the antifungal agent voriconazole. METHODS We present two additional cases of voriconazole-induced HOA and periostitis in lung transplant recipients with a review the medical literature. RESULTS In both cases, symptoms were painful and severe enough to require opioid medication. Rapid improvement occurred within days of voriconazole cessation. A review of existing literature revealed an additional 17 cases of voriconazole-induced HOA and periostitis in lung transplant patients. CONCLUSION We highlight the importance of recognizing the association of voriconazole with painful HOA and periostitis in lung transplant patients receiving antifungal therapy. Management of this painful condition involves cessation of voriconazole therapy, which may necessitate alternative anti-fungal drug therapies as well as adjustment of immunosuppressive drug dosage since voriconazole is a strong drug-inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Elmore
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 822, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Amy Wisse
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Russell W Chapin
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Timothy P Whelan
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Richard M Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas Street, Suite 822, Charleston, SC 29401, USA.
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Nespoli F, Bufferand H, Valentinuzzi M, Fedorczak N, Ciraolo G, Serre E, Marandet Y, Maurizio R, De Oliveira H, Labit B, Komm M, Faitsch M, Elmore S. Application of a two-fluid two-point model to SolEdge2D-EIRENE simulations of TCV H-mode plasma. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Granato D, Shahidi F, Wrolstad R, Kilmartin P, Melton LD, Hidalgo FJ, Miyashita K, Camp JV, Alasalvar C, Ismail AB, Elmore S, Birch GG, Charalampopoulos D, Astley SB, Pegg R, Zhou P, Finglas P. Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and flavonoids contents: Should we ban in vitro screening methods? Food Chem 2018; 264:471-475. [PMID: 29853403 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As many studies are exploring the association between ingestion of bioactive compounds and decreased risk of non-communicable diseases, the scientific community continues to show considerable interest in these compounds. In addition, as many non-nutrients with putative health benefits are reducing agents, hydrogen donors, singlet oxygen quenchers or metal chelators, measurement of antioxidant activity using in vitro assays has become very popular over recent decades. Measuring concentrations of total phenolics, flavonoids, and other compound (sub)classes using UV/Vis spectrophotometry offers a rapid chemical index, but chromatographic techniques are necessary to establish structure-activity. For bioactive purposes, in vivo models are required or, at the very least, methods that employ distinct mechanisms of action (i.e., single electron transfer, transition metal chelating ability, and hydrogen atom transfer). In this regard, better understanding and application of in vitro screening methods should help design of future research studies on 'bioactive compounds'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Granato
- Department of Food Engineering, State University of Ponta Grossa, Av. Carlos Cavalcanti, 4748, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil.
| | - Fereidoon Shahidi
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
| | - Ronald Wrolstad
- Oregon State University, 100 Wiegand Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - Paul Kilmartin
- University of Auckland, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laurence D Melton
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Francisco J Hidalgo
- Instituto de la Grasa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Carretera de Utrera km 1, Campus Universitario - Edificio 46, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Kazuo Miyashita
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
| | - John van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition (nutriFOODchem), Department of Food Safety and Food Quality, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Amin B Ismail
- Center for Quality Assurance (CQA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - Stephen Elmore
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 217 Whiteknights, RG6 6AH Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Gordon G Birch
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 217 Whiteknights, RG6 6AH Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Dimitris Charalampopoulos
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, PO Box 217 Whiteknights, RG6 6AH Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ronald Pegg
- University of Georgia, Athens, GA United States
| | | | - Paul Finglas
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, NR4 7UA Norwich, United Kingdom
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Gallo A, Fedorczak N, Maurizio R, Theiler C, Elmore S, Labit B, Reimerdes H, Nespoli F, Ghendrih P, Eich T. Effect of plasma geometry on divertor heat flux spreading: MONALISA simulations and experimental results from TCV. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang L, Ko K, Yanez D, Kaverina N, Liarski V, Peng Y, Lan L, Perper S, Schwartz A, O'Connor L, Souers A, Elmore S, Olson L, Giger M, Clark M. OP0136 BCL-2 As a Potential Therapeutic Target in Human Lupus Tubulointerstitial Inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.5336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Wang L, Perper S, Schwartz A, Goess C, O'Connor L, Hartman D, Graff C, Souers A, Leverson J, Elmore S, Olson L. THU0382 Venetoclax (ABT-199), A Potent and Selective BCL-2 Inhibitor, Prevents Nephritis in Lupus Prone NZB/W F1 Mice by Depleting Selective Lymphocyte Populations While Sparing Platelets. Ann Rheum Dis 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-eular.1919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Walkden NR, Adamek J, Allan S, Dudson BD, Elmore S, Fishpool G, Harrison J, Kirk A, Komm M. Profile measurements in the plasma edge of mega amp spherical tokamak using a ball pen probe. Rev Sci Instrum 2015; 86:023510. [PMID: 25725845 DOI: 10.1063/1.4908572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ball pen probe (BPP) technique is used successfully to make profile measurements of plasma potential, electron temperature, and radial electric field on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak. The potential profile measured by the BPP is shown to significantly differ from the floating potential both in polarity and profile shape. By combining the BPP potential and the floating potential, the electron temperature can be measured, which is compared with the Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic. Excellent agreement between the two diagnostics is obtained when secondary electron emission is accounted for in the floating potential. From the BPP profile, an estimate of the radial electric field is extracted which is shown to be of the order ∼1 kV/m and increases with plasma current. Corrections to the BPP measurement, constrained by the TS comparison, introduce uncertainty into the ER measurements. The uncertainty is most significant in the electric field well inside the separatrix. The electric field is used to estimate toroidal and poloidal rotation velocities from E × B motion. This paper further demonstrates the ability of the ball pen probe to make valuable and important measurements in the boundary plasma of a tokamak.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Walkden
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of AS CR, v. v. i., Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
| | - S Allan
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - B D Dudson
- Department of Physics, York Plasma Institute, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - S Elmore
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - G Fishpool
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - J Harrison
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - A Kirk
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon,Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - M Komm
- Institute of Plasma Physics of AS CR, v. v. i., Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Praha 8, Czech Republic
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Leggate HJ, Lisgo SW, Harrison JR, Elmore S, Allan SY, Gaffka RC, Stephen RC, Turner MM. Divertor impurity injection using high voltage arcs for impurity transport studies on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:123503. [PMID: 25554289 DOI: 10.1063/1.4903352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The operation of next-generation fusion reactors will be significantly affected by impurity transport in the scrape-off layer (SOL). Current modelling efforts are restricted by a lack of detailed data on impurity transport in the SOL. In order to address this, a carbon injector has been designed and installed on the Mega Amp Spherical Tokamak (MAST). The injector creates short lived carbon plumes originating at the MAST divertor lasting less than 50 μs. High voltage capacitor banks are used to create a discharge across concentric carbon electrodes located in a probe mounted on the Divertor Science Facility in the MAST lower divertor. This results in a very short plume duration allowing observation of the evolution of the plume and precise localisation of the plume relative to the X-point on MAST. The emission from the carbon plume was imaged using fast visible cameras filtered in order to isolate the carbon II and carbon III emission lines centered around 514 nm and 465 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Leggate
- School of Physical Sciences and National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - S W Lisgo
- ITER Organisation, FST, Route de Vinon, CS 90 046, 13067 Saint Paul Lez Durance Cedex, France
| | - J R Harrison
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S Elmore
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - S Y Allan
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - R C Gaffka
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - R C Stephen
- CCFE, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 3DB, United Kingdom
| | - M M Turner
- School of Physical Sciences and National Centre for Plasma Science and Technology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
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Wang LC, Perper S, Perron D, Tarcsa E, Bardwell P, Mozaffarian N, Souers A, Elmore S, Ghayur T, Olson L. OP0085 Therapeutic Inhibition of Anti-Apoptotic BCL-2 Family Proteins in a Murine Model of Lupus Nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-eular.290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Leverson J, Souers A, Boghaert E, Phillips D, Park C, Wendt M, Fairbrother W, Humerickhouse R, Roberts A, Elmore S. 69 ABT-199, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Bcl-2, Exhibits Efficacy in Bcl-2 Dependent Malignancies While Sparing Platelets. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71867-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Tse C, Chen J, Jin S, Abraham V, Nimmer P, Tahir S, Smith M, Zhang H, Rosenberg S, Elmore S. 261 POSTER The Bcl-2 family protein inhibitor, ABT-263, broadly potentiates the cytotoxicity of multiple therapeutic agents in vitro and in vivo. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Elmore S, Lanning L, Allison N, Vallant M, Nyska A. The transduction of rat submandibular glands by an adenoviral vector carrying the human growth hormone gene is associated with limited and reversible changes at the infusion site. Toxicol Pathol 2006; 34:385-92. [PMID: 16844666 DOI: 10.1080/01926230600815189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors have been shown to efficiently deliver exogenous genes to salivary glands and have therefore been investigated as tools for the treatment of human disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the response of F344 rats to intraductal infusion of the right submandibular salivary gland with an adenoviral vector encoding the gene for human growth hormone (AdCMVhGH). Co-administration of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) was used to redirect the secretion of human growth hormone (hGH) from saliva into serum. This paper documents the findings of the pathology evaluation of this National Toxicology Program study. The right submandibular salivary gland (infusion site) was the primary target organ, with microscopic lesions characteristic of a mild to moderate insult observed at 3 days post infusion in vector exposed animals. These lesions were characterized by variable degrees of acute glandular inflammation, degeneration and necrosis, with more severe lesions in the higher dose groups. Rats at 28 days post infusion had milder inflammation, degeneration and necrosis compared to day 3 rats, with variable degrees of regeneration. In conclusion, the effects on the salivary glands are reversible as indicated by the milder inflammation and degeneration in the day 28 rats concomitant with mild to moderate regeneration. Therefore, the vector appears relatively innocuous with limited tissue toxicity. [The supplemental data referenced in this paper is not printed in this issue of Toxicologic Pathology. It is available as a downloadable file in the online edition of Toxicologic Pathology, 34(4). In order to access the full article online, you must have either an individual subscription or a member subscription accessed through www.toxpath.org.].
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Affiliation(s)
- S Elmore
- Otsuka Maryland Research Institute, Rockville, Maryland, 20850, USA.
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Zheng C, Voutetakis A, Kok MR, Goldsmith CM, Smith GBJ, Elmore S, Nyska A, Vallant M, Irwin RD, Baum BJ. Toxicity and biodistribution of a first-generation recombinant adenoviral vector, in the presence of hydroxychloroquine, following retroductal delivery to a single rat submandibular gland. Oral Dis 2006; 12:137-44. [PMID: 16476034 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2005.01170.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the toxicity and biodistribution associated with a single administration of a first-generation, serotype 5, adenoviral vector encoding human growth hormone (hGH; AdCMVhGH) to a single rat submandibular gland in the presence of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Previously, we showed that hGH is primarily secreted into saliva (approximately ninefold serum level) when expressed as a transgene in salivary glands (e.g. Baum et al, 1999), but administration of HCQ substantially increases the hGH levels secreted into the bloodstream (Hoque et al, 2001). A potential application of this observation is for patients with adult hGH deficiency. METHODS Six groups of male and female adult rats (n = 12 each) were studied, with zero to 1.5 x 10(11) particles of AdCMVhGH, +/-HCQ, administered retroductally. Multiple clinical and pathological parameters, as well as vector tissue distribution, were assessed. RESULTS All animals survived until the scheduled day of sacrifice, and essentially no untoward events were observed clinically or at gross necropsy. We observed no vector-related effects on clinical hematology evaluations and a single, transient significant change on clinical chemistry evaluations (increased serum globulin levels). Three days after AdCMVhGH administration, the vector distributed to all tissues analyzed with the exception of gonads and heart. By day 29, most organs, other than the targeted and contralateral submandibular glands, were negative for the presence of vector. On day 3, none of the animals tested positive for the presence of replication competent adenovirus in either their blood or saliva. CONCLUSION Salivary gland delivery of AdCMVhGH +/-HCQ appears associated with limited toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zheng
- Gene Therapy and Therapeutics Branch, NIDCR, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-1190, USA
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Paquette LA, Zhao M, Montgomery F, Zeng Q, Wang TZ, Elmore S, Combrink K, Wang HL, Bailey S, Su Z. From D-camphor to the taxanes. Highly concise rearrangement-based approaches to taxusin and taxol. PURE APPL CHEM 1998. [DOI: 10.1351/pac199870081449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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You Y, Elmore S, Colton LL, Mackenzie C, Stoops JK, Weinstock GM, Norris SJ. Characterization of the cytoplasmic filament protein gene (cfpA) of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum. J Bacteriol 1996; 178:3177-87. [PMID: 8655496 PMCID: PMC178068 DOI: 10.1128/jb.178.11.3177-3187.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Treponema pallidum and other members of the genera Treponema, Spirochaeta, and Leptonema contain multiple cytoplasmic filaments that run the length of the organism just underneath the cytoplasmic membrane. These cytoplasmic filaments have a ribbon-like profile and consist of a major cytoplasmic filament protein subunit (CfpA, formerly called TpN83) with a relative molecular weight of approximately 80,000. Degenerate DNA primers based on N-terminal and CNBr cleavage fragment amino acid sequences of T. pallidum subsp. pallidum (Nichols) CfpA were utilized to amplify a fragment of the encoding gene (cfpA). A 6.8-kb EcoRI fragment containing all but the 5' end of cfpA was identified by hybridization with the resulting PCR product and cloned into Lambda ZAP II. The 5' region was obtained by inverse PCR, and the complete gene sequence was determined. The cfpA sequence contained a 2,034-nucleotide coding region, a putative promoter with consensus sequences (5'-TTTACA-3' for -35 and 5'-TACAAT-3' for -10) similar to the sigma70 recognition sequence of Escherichia coli and other organisms, and a putative ribosome-binding site (5'-AGGAG-3'). The deduced amino acid sequence of CfpA indicated a protein of 678 residues with a calculated molecular mass of 78.5 kDa and an estimated pI of 6.15. No significant homology to known proteins or structural motifs was found among known prokaryotic or eukaryotic sequences. Expression of a LacZ-CfpA fusion protein in E. coli was detrimental to survival and growth of the host strain and resulted in the formation of short, irregular filaments suggestive of partial self-assembly of CfpA. The cytoplasmic filaments of T. pallidum and other spirochetes appear to represent a unique form of prokaryotic intracytoplasmic inclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y You
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Medical School at Houston 77225, USA
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Tarter RE, Goldstein G, Alterman A, Petrarulo EW, Elmore S. Alcoholic seizures: intellectual and neuropsychological sequelae. J Nerv Ment Dis 1983; 171:123-5. [PMID: 6822819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholics who experienced withdrawal seizures performed comparably to those who did not suffer seizures on intellectual and neuropsychological tests. Both groups, however, exhibited a number of impairments. The hypothesis that the withdrawal seizure is indicative of alcoholism severity and can serve as a marker for extent of neurological disturbance was not supported.
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