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Jupp B, Sawiak SJ, van der Veen B, Lemstra S, Toschi C, Barlow RL, Pekcec A, Bretschneider T, Nicholson JR, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Diminished Myoinositol in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Modulates the Endophenotype of Impulsivity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:3392-3402. [PMID: 31897490 PMCID: PMC7197196 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhz317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive impulsivity manifests in a variety of disorders, including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and substance use disorder. However, the etiological mechanisms of impulsivity remain poorly understood. In the present study, we used in-vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) to investigate neurometabolite content in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum of rats exhibiting low- versus high-impulsive (LI, HI) behavior on a visual attentional task. We validated our 1H-MRS findings using regionally resolved ex-vivo mass spectroscopy, transcriptomics, and site-directed RNA interference in the ventromedial PFC. We report a significant reduction in myoinositol levels in the PFC but not the striatum of HI rats compared with LI rats. Reduced myoinositol content was localized to the infralimbic (IL) cortex, where significant reductions in transcript levels of key proteins involved in the synthesis and recycling of myoinositol (IMPase1) were also present. Knockdown of IMPase1in the IL cortex increased impulsivity in nonimpulsive rats when the demand on inhibitory response control was increased. We conclude that diminished myoinositol levels in ventromedial PFC causally mediate a specific form of impulsivity linked to vulnerability for stimulant addiction in rodents. Myoinositol and related signaling substrates may thus offer novel opportunities for treating neuropsychiatric disorders comorbid with impulsive symptomology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Steve J Sawiak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Suzanne Lemstra
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Chiara Toschi
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Rebecca L Barlow
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Anton Pekcec
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Tom Bretschneider
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Janet R Nicholson
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss 88397, Germany
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK,Department of Psychiatry, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK,Address correspondence to Professor Jeffrey W. Dalley, Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK.
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Sawiak SJ, Shiba Y, Oikonomidis L, Windle CP, Santangelo AM, Grydeland H, Cockcroft G, Bullmore ET, Roberts AC. Trajectories and Milestones of Cortical and Subcortical Development of the Marmoset Brain From Infancy to Adulthood. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4440-4453. [PMID: 30307494 PMCID: PMC6215464 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
With increasing attention on the developmental causes of neuropsychiatric disorders, appropriate animal models are crucial to identifying causes and assessing potential interventions. The common marmoset is an ideal model as it has sophisticated social/emotional behavior, reaching adulthood within 2 years of birth. Magnetic resonance imaging was used in an accelerated longitudinal cohort (n = 41; aged 3–27 months; scanned 2–7 times over 2 years). Splines were used to model nonlinear trajectories of grey matter volume development in 53 cortical areas and 16 subcortical nuclei. Generally, volumes increased before puberty, peaked, and declined into adulthood. We identified 3 milestones of grey matter development: I) age at peak volume; II) age at onset of volume decline; and III) age at maximum rate of volume decline. These milestones differentiated growth trajectories of primary sensory/motor cortical areas from those of association cortex but also revealed distinct trajectories between association cortices. Cluster analysis of trajectories showed that prefrontal cortex was the most heterogenous of association regions, comprising areas with distinct milestones and developmental trajectories. These results highlight the potential of high-field structural MRI to define the dynamics of primate brain development and importantly to identify when specific prefrontal circuits may be most vulnerable to environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 65 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Y Shiba
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Oikonomidis
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - C P Windle
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - A M Santangelo
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - H Grydeland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Research Group for Lifespan Changes in Brain and Cognition, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G Cockcroft
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - E T Bullmore
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Box 65 Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,ImmunoPsychiatry, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Stevenage, UK
| | - A C Roberts
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, UK.,Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
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Ejaz S, Williamson DJ, Jensen-Kondering U, Ahmed T, Sawiak SJ, Baron JC. What is the Optimal Duration of Middle-Cerebral Artery Occlusion Consistently Resulting in Isolated Cortical Selective Neuronal Loss in the Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat? Front Neurol 2015; 6:64. [PMID: 25859239 PMCID: PMC4374627 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2015.00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objectives: Selective neuronal loss (SNL) in the reperfused penumbra may impact clinical recovery and is thus important to investigate. Brief proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) results in predominantly striatal SNL, yet cortical damage is more relevant given its behavioral implications and that thrombolytic therapy mainly rescues the cortex. Distal temporary MCAo (tMCAo) does target the cortex, but the optimal occlusion duration that results in isolated SNL has not been determined. In the present study, we assessed different distal tMCAo durations looking for consistently pure SNL. Methods: Microclip distal tMCAo (md-tMCAo) was performed in ~6-month old male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). We previously reported that 45 min md-tMCAo in SHRs results in pan-necrosis in the majority of subjects. Accordingly, three shorter MCAo durations were investigated here in decremental succession, namely 30, 22, and 15 min (n = 3, 3, and 7 subjects, respectively). Recanalization was confirmed by MR angiography just prior to brain collection at 28 days and T2-weighted MRI was obtained for characterization of ischemic lesions. NeuN, OX42, and GFAP immunohistochemistry appraised changes in neurons, microglia, and astrocytes, respectively. Ischemic lesions were categorized into three main types: (1) pan-necrosis; (2) partial infarction; and (3) SNL. Results: Pan-necrosis or partial infarction was present in all 30 min and 22 min subjects, but not in the 15 min group (p < 0.001), in which isolated cortical SNL was consistently present. MRI revealed characteristic hyperintense abnormalities in all rats with pan-necrosis or partial infarction, but no change in any 15 min subject. Conclusion: We found that 15 min distal MCAo consistently resulted in pure cortical SNL, whereas durations equal or longer than 22 min consistently resulted in infarcts. This model may be of use to study the pathophysiology of cortical SNL and its prevention by appropriate interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohail Ejaz
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - David J Williamson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Ulf Jensen-Kondering
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Tahir Ahmed
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Steve J Sawiak
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
| | - Jean-Claude Baron
- Stroke Research Group, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK ; INSERM U 894, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France
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Hayes DJ, Jupp B, Sawiak SJ, Merlo E, Caprioli D, Dalley JW. Brain γ-aminobutyric acid: a neglected role in impulsivity. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1921-32. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dave J. Hayes
- Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurosurgery; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics; Institute of Mental Health Research; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
| | - Steve J. Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre; Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Emiliano Merlo
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
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Bird JLE, Hawkes RC, Manavaki R, Sawiak SJ, Williamson DJ, Aigbirhio FI, Rudd JHF, Bennett M, Gillard JH, Carpenter TA, Warburton EA, Davenport AP. 07 Simultaneous Positron Emission Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Receptors Using a Novel Combined Pre-Clinical Micropet/Mr System. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302951.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Methner C, Buonincontri G, Pell VR, Sawiak SJ, Carpenter TA, Krieg T. 24 Initial Results of Simultaneous PET/MRI Evaluation of the Infarcted Mouse Heart. Heart 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302951.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sawiak SJ, Wood NI, Williams GB, Morton AJ, Carpenter TA. Voxel-based morphometry in the R6/2 transgenic mouse reveals differences between genotypes not seen with manual 2D morphometry. Neurobiol Dis 2008; 33:20-7. [PMID: 18930824 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2008.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The R6/2 mouse is the most common mouse model used for Huntington's disease (HD), a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative CAG disorder characterized by marked brain atrophy. We scanned 47 R6/2 transgenic and 42 wildtype (WT) ex vivo mouse brains at 18 weeks of age using high resolution, three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for automated voxel-based morphometry (VBM) analysis. We found differences between genotypes in specific brain structures. Many of these changes were bilateral and were found in regions known to be involved in the behavioral deficits present in both R6/2 mice and HD patients. In particular, changes were evident in the basal ganglia, hippocampus, cortex and hypothalamus. In the striatum, changes were heterogenous and reminiscent of striosomal distribution. Changes were also seen in the cerebellum, as might be expected in a mouse carrying a repeat length typical of juvenile onset HD. Many of these changes were not detected by manual 2D morphometry from the same MR images. These data indicate that VBM will be a valuable technique for in vivo measurement of developing pathology in HD transgenic mice, and may be particularly useful for correlating histologically undetectable changes with behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Sawiak
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
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