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Papastrat KM, Lis CA, Caprioli D, Pickard H, Puche AC, Ramsey LA, Venniro M. Social odor choice buffers drug craving. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:731-739. [PMID: 38129664 PMCID: PMC10876954 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions are rewarding and protective against substance use disorders, but it is unclear which specific aspect of the complex sensory social experience drives these effects. Here, we investigated the role of olfactory sensory experience on social interaction, social preference over cocaine, and cocaine craving in rats. First, we conducted bulbectomy on both male and female rats to evaluate the necessity of olfactory system experience on the acquisition and maintenance of volitional social interaction. Next, we assessed the effect of bulbectomy on rats given a choice between social interaction and cocaine. Finally, we evaluated the influence of olfactory sensory experience by training rats on volitional partner-associated odors, assessing their preference for partner odors over cocaine to achieve voluntary abstinence and assessing its effect on the incubation of cocaine craving. Bulbectomy impaired operant social interaction without affecting food and cocaine self-administration. Rats with intact olfactory systems preferred social interaction over cocaine, while rats with impaired olfactory sense showed a preference for cocaine. Providing access to a partner odor in a choice procedure led to cocaine abstinence, preventing incubation of cocaine craving, in contrast to forced abstinence or non-contingent exposure to cocaine and partner odors. Our data suggests the olfactory sensory experience is necessary and sufficient for volitional social reward. Furthermore, the active preference for partner odors over cocaine buffers drug craving. Based on these findings, translational research should explore the use of social sensory-based treatments utilizing odor-focused foundations for individuals with substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Papastrat
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cody A Lis
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Hanna Pickard
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Philosophy & Berman Institute of Bioethics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Adam C Puche
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Milella MS, Petraccia L, Pirelli F, Foti G, Sapio M, Berardi R, Caprioli D, Pugliese F, Vivino G. Self-harm by single- and multi-agent medication poisoning in a retrospective analysis of a Poison Control Center database from January 2018 to December 2022. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2024; 33:e5767. [PMID: 38357800 DOI: 10.1002/pds.5767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Medication poisoning is the most common method of self-harm. Longitudinal studies incorporating pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic data are required to describe the phenomenon and to evaluate the long-term impact on mental health. METHODS Calls to the Poison Control Center of Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza University of Rome, Italy, were analyzed retrospectively for characteristics and clinical presentation of cases of interest from January 2018 to December 2022. RESULTS A total of 756 cases of self-harm by medication poisonings were recorded in the study period. A reduction in rate of cases in 2020 was followed by a return to pre-pandemic levels by 2021. When separately analyzing single- and multi-agent cases, occurrence of cases involving just one medication increased since early 2021, with a peak in 2022 (7.8% of total calls, 95% CI 6.2-9.5, from 4.9%, 95% CI 4.1-5.8 in 2018). This increase in the rate of cases, mostly of none or mild severity, was driven by youth aged 12-21, in which the relative proportion of single- versus multi-agent cases showed an increasing trend since 2020 (from 42.6% in 2018 to 78.6% in 2022). Acetaminophen was the medication most frequently involved and benzodiazepines the largest class. A psychiatric background was increasingly seen in 2022, especially in age group 12-21. CONCLUSION Single-agent medication self-harm may be an increasingly prevailing phenomenon. Young adolescents with a psychiatric background might be most vulnerable to this behavior in the COVID-19 pandemic aftermath. Healthcare professionals should expect favorable clinical outcome and improve both counseling and psychotherapy supervision in individuals at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Stanislaw Milella
- Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Petraccia
- Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pirelli
- Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Foti
- Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Sapio
- Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Berardi
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Pugliese
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriella Vivino
- Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital - Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital-Sapienza, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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3
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Reverte I, Marchetti C, Pezza S, Zenoni SF, Scaringi G, Ferrucci L, D'Ottavio G, Pignataro A, Andolina D, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Venniro M, Ramsey LA, Gross C, Caprioli D, Ragozzino D. Microglia-mediated calcium-permeable AMPAR accumulation in the nucleus accumbens drives hyperlocomotion during cocaine withdrawal. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 115:535-542. [PMID: 37967660 PMCID: PMC10915906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
During withdrawal from cocaine, calcium permeable-AMPA receptors (CP-AMPAR) progressively accumulate in nucleus accumbens (NAc) synapses, a phenomenon linked to behavioral sensitization and drug-seeking. Recently, it has been suggested that neuroimmune alterations might promote aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity, thus contributing to substance abuse-related behaviors. Here, we investigated the role of microglia in NAc neuroadaptations after withdrawal from cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). We depleted microglia using PLX5622-supplemented diet during cocaine withdrawal, and after the place preference test, we measured dendritic spine density and the presence of CP-AMPAR in the NAc shell. Microglia depletion prevented cocaine-induced changes in dendritic spines and CP-AMPAR accumulation. Furthermore, microglia depletion prevented conditioned hyperlocomotion without affecting drug-context associative memory. Microglia displayed fewer number of branches, resulting in a reduced arborization area and microglia control domain at late withdrawal. Our results suggest that microglia are necessary for the synaptic adaptations in NAc synapses during cocaine withdrawal and therefore represent a promising therapeutic target for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Marchetti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Pezza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Soami F Zenoni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Scaringi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Annabella Pignataro
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Diego Andolina
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Leslie A Ramsey
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore NIDA, NIH, USA
| | - Cornelius Gross
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy; IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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4
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de Guglielmo G, Kallupi M, Cippitelli A, Caprioli D, Lutfy K. Editorial: Opioids and opioid-use disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1227174. [PMID: 37397475 PMCID: PMC10311202 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1227174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marsida Kallupi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Andrea Cippitelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Stiles-Nicholson Brain Institute, Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti—Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Kabirullah Lutfy
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA, United States
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5
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Milella MS, D'Ottavio G, De Pirro S, Barra M, Caprioli D, Badiani A. Heroin and its metabolites: relevance to heroin use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:120. [PMID: 37031205 PMCID: PMC10082801 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02406-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heroin is an opioid agonist commonly abused for its rewarding effects. Since its synthesis at the end of the nineteenth century, its popularity as a recreational drug has ebbed and flowed. In the last three decades, heroin use has increased again, and yet the pharmacology of heroin is still poorly understood. After entering the body, heroin is rapidly deacetylated to 6-monoacetylmorphine (6-MAM), which is then deacetylated to morphine. Thus, drug addiction literature has long settled on the notion that heroin is little more than a pro-drug. In contrast to these former views, we will argue for a more complex interplay among heroin and its active metabolites: 6-MAM, morphine, and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G). In particular, we propose that the complex temporal pattern of heroin effects results from the sequential, only partially overlapping, actions not only of 6-MAM, morphine, and M6G, but also of heroin per se, which, therefore, should not be seen as a mere brain-delivery system for its active metabolites. We will first review the literature concerning the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of heroin and its metabolites, then examine their neural and behavioral effects, and finally discuss the possible implications of these data for a better understanding of opioid reward and heroin addiction. By so doing we hope to highlight research topics to be investigated by future clinical and pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Stanislaw Milella
- Toxicology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy.
- Laboratory affiliated to the Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Laboratory affiliated to the Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana De Pirro
- Laboratory affiliated to the Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Norwegian Centre for Addiction Research (SERAF), Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Sussex Addiction and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Daniele Caprioli
- Laboratory affiliated to the Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Laboratory affiliated to the Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti-Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Sussex Addiction and Intervention Centre (SARIC), School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
- Fondazione Villa Maraini, Rome, Italy.
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6
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D'Ottavio G, Reverte I, Ragozzino D, Meringolo M, Milella MS, Boix F, Venniro M, Badiani A, Caprioli D. Increased heroin intake and relapse vulnerability in intermittent relative to continuous self-administration: Sex differences in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:910-926. [PMID: 34986504 PMCID: PMC9253203 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Studies using intermittent-access drug self-administration show increased motivation to take and seek cocaine and fentanyl, relative to continuous access. In this study, we examined the effects of intermittent- and continuous-access self-administration on heroin intake, patterns of self-administration and cue-induced heroin-seeking, after forced or voluntary abstinence, in male and female rats. We also modelled brain levels of heroin and its active metabolites. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Rats were trained to self-administer a palatable solution and then heroin (0.075 mg·kg-1 per inf) either continuously (6 h·day-1 ; 10 days) or intermittently (6 h·day-1 ; 5-min access every 30-min; 10 days). Brain levels of heroin and its metabolites were modelled using a pharmacokinetic software. Next, heroin-seeking was assessed after 1 or 21 abstinence days. Between tests, rats underwent either forced or voluntary abstinence. The oestrous cycle was measured using a vaginal smear test. KEY RESULTS Intermittent access exacerbated heroin self-administration and was characterized by a burst-like intake, yielding higher brain peaks of heroin and 6-monoacetylmorphine concentrations. Moreover, intermittent access increased cue-induced heroin-seeking during early, but not late abstinence. Heroin-seeking was higher in females after intermittent, but not continuous access, and this effect was independent of the oestrous cycle. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Intermittent heroin access in rats resembles critical features of heroin use disorder: a self-administration pattern characterized by repeated large doses of heroin and higher relapse vulnerability during early abstinence. This has significant implications for refining animal models of substance use disorder and for better understanding of the neuroadaptations responsible for this disorder. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed issue on Advances in Opioid Pharmacology at the Time of the Opioid Epidemic. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v180.7/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Stanislaw Milella
- Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Toxicology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Fernando Boix
- Section for Drug Abuse Research, Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marco Venniro
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aldo Badiani
- Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Sussex Addiction Research and Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Laboratory affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti - Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
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7
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Reverte I, D'Ottavio G, Milella MS, Caprioli D. Sex differences in the immune system: Implications for cocaine relapse. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:29-30. [PMID: 35580793 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Reverte
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Daniele Caprioli
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
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8
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Vincenzi M, Milella MS, D’Ottavio G, Caprioli D, Reverte I, Maftei D. Targeting Chemokines and Chemokine GPCRs to Enhance Strong Opioid Efficacy in Neuropathic Pain. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12030398. [PMID: 35330149 PMCID: PMC8955776 DOI: 10.3390/life12030398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NP) originates from an injury or disease of the somatosensory nervous system. This heterogeneous origin and the possible association with other pathologies make the management of NP a real challenge. To date, there are no satisfactory treatments for this type of chronic pain. Even strong opioids, the gold-standard analgesics for nociceptive and cancer pain, display low efficacy and the paradoxical ability to exacerbate pain sensitivity in NP patients. Mounting evidence suggests that chemokine upregulation may be a common mechanism driving NP pathophysiology and chronic opioid use-related consequences (analgesic tolerance and hyperalgesia). Here, we first review preclinical studies on the role of chemokines and chemokine receptors in the development and maintenance of NP. Second, we examine the change in chemokine expression following chronic opioid use and the crosstalk between chemokine and opioid receptors. Then, we examine the effects of inhibiting specific chemokines or chemokine receptors as a strategy to increase opioid efficacy in NP. We conclude that strong opioids, along with drugs that block specific chemokine/chemokine receptor axis, might be the right compromise for a favorable risk/benefit ratio in NP management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Vincenzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Michele Stanislaw Milella
- Toxicology and Poison Control Center Unit, Department of Emergency, Anesthesia and Critical Care, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital-Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Ginevra D’Ottavio
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Laboratory Affiliated to Institute Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
- Correspondence: (M.V.); (I.R.)
| | - Daniela Maftei
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), 00143 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (D.C.)
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9
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Venniro M, Reverte I, Ramsey LA, Papastrat KM, D'Ottavio G, Milella MS, Li X, Grimm JW, Caprioli D. Factors modulating the incubation of drug and non-drug craving and their clinical implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 131:847-864. [PMID: 34597716 PMCID: PMC8931548 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It was suggested in 1986 that cue-induced cocaine craving increases progressively during early abstinence and remains high during extended periods of time. Clinical evidence now supports this hypothesis and that this increase is not specific to cocaine but rather generalize across several drugs of abuse. Investigators have identified an analogous incubation phenomenon in rodents, in which time-dependent increases in cue-induced drug seeking are observed after abstinence from intravenous drug or palatable food self-administration. Incubation of craving is susceptible to variation in magnitude as a function of biological and/or the environmental circumstances surrounding the individual. During the last decade, the neurobiological correlates of the modulatory role of biological (sex, age, genetic factors) and environmental factors (environmental enrichment and physical exercise, sleep architecture, acute and chronic stress, abstinence reinforcement procedures) on incubation of drug craving has been investigated. In this review, we summarized the behavioral procedures adopted, the key underlying neurobiological correlates and clinical implications of these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venniro
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Leslie A Ramsey
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore NIDA, NIH, USA
| | - Kimberly M Papastrat
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ginevra D'Ottavio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Xuan Li
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, USA.
| | - Jeffrey W Grimm
- Department of Psychology and Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Western Washington University, Bellingham, USA.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy.
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10
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Basilico B, Ferrucci L, Ratano P, Golia MT, Grimaldi A, Rosito M, Ferretti V, Reverte I, Sanchini C, Marrone MC, Giubettini M, De Turris V, Salerno D, Garofalo S, St-Pierre MK, Carrier M, Renzi M, Pagani F, Modi B, Raspa M, Scavizzi F, Gross CT, Marinelli S, Tremblay MÈ, Caprioli D, Maggi L, Limatola C, Di Angelantonio S, Ragozzino D. Microglia control glutamatergic synapses in the adult mouse hippocampus. Glia 2021; 70:173-195. [PMID: 34661306 PMCID: PMC9297980 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Microglia cells are active players in regulating synaptic development and plasticity in the brain. However, how they influence the normal functioning of synapses is largely unknown. In this study, we characterized the effects of pharmacological microglia depletion, achieved by administration of PLX5622, on hippocampal CA3‐CA1 synapses of adult wild type mice. Following microglial depletion, we observed a reduction of spontaneous and evoked glutamatergic activity associated with a decrease of dendritic spine density. We also observed the appearance of immature synaptic features and higher levels of plasticity. Microglia depleted mice showed a deficit in the acquisition of the Novel Object Recognition task. These events were accompanied by hippocampal astrogliosis, although in the absence ofneuroinflammatory condition. PLX‐induced synaptic changes were absent in Cx3cr1−/− mice, highlighting the role of CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis in microglia control of synaptic functioning. Remarkably, microglia repopulation after PLX5622 withdrawal was associated with the recovery of hippocampal synapses and learning functions. Altogether, these data demonstrate that microglia contribute to normal synaptic functioning in the adult brain and that their removal induces reversible changes in organization and activity of glutamatergic synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadette Basilico
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Ferrucci
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ratano
- Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology Inflammaging Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, IS, Italy
| | - Maria T Golia
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alfonso Grimaldi
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosito
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ferretti
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "Charles Darwin", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ingrid Reverte
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Sanchini
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria C Marrone
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) 'Rita Levi-Montalcini', Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giubettini
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy.,CrestOptics S.p.A, Rome, Italy
| | - Valeria De Turris
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Salerno
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Garofalo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Kim St-Pierre
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Micael Carrier
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval Québec, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Massimiliano Renzi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Pagani
- Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Brijesh Modi
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) 'Rita Levi-Montalcini', Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Raspa
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Ferdinando Scavizzi
- National Research Council, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), International Campus "A. Buzzati-Traverso", Monterotondo (Rome), Italy
| | - Cornelius T Gross
- Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Silvia Marinelli
- European Brain Research Institute (EBRI) 'Rita Levi-Montalcini', Rome, Italy
| | - Marie-Ève Tremblay
- Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec, Axe Neurosciences Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Département de Médecine Moléculaire, Université Laval Québec, Quebec City, Canada.,Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Maggi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Neurophysiology and Neuropharmacology Inflammaging Unit, IRCCS Neuromed, Mediterranean Neurological Institute, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Di Angelantonio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Center for Life Nano- and Neuro-science, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Ragozzino
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
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11
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Kane L, Venniro M, Quintana‐Feliciano R, Madangopal R, Rubio FJ, Bossert JM, Caprioli D, Shaham Y, Hope BT, Warren BL. Fos-expressing neuronal ensemble in rat ventromedial prefrontal cortex encodes cocaine seeking but not food seeking in rats. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12943. [PMID: 32683756 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal ensembles in ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) play a role in both cocaine and palatable food seeking. However, it is unknown whether similar or different vmPFC neuronal ensembles mediate food and cocaine seeking. Here, we used the Daun02 inactivation procedure to assess whether the neuronal ensembles mediating food and cocaine seeking can be functionally distinguished. We trained male and female Fos-LacZ rats to self-administer palatable food pellets and cocaine on alternating days for 18 days. We then exposed the rats to a brief nonreinforced food- or cocaine-seeking test to induce Fos and β-gal in neuronal ensembles associated with food or cocaine seeking, respectively and infused Daun02 into vmPFC to ablate the β-gal-expressing ensembles. Two days later, we tested the rats for food or cocaine seeking under extinction conditions. Although inactivation of the food-seeking ensemble did not influence food or cocaine seeking, inactivation of the cocaine-seeking ensemble reduced cocaine seeking but not food seeking. Results indicate that the neuronal ensemble activated by cocaine seeking in vmPFC is functionally separate from the ensemble activated by food seeking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa Kane
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Richard Quintana‐Feliciano
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | | | - F. Javier Rubio
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
| | | | - Daniele Caprioli
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia) Rome Italy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Bruce T. Hope
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Brandon L. Warren
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch IRP/NIDA/NIH/DHHS Baltimore Maryland USA
- Department of Pharmacodynamics University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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12
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Badiani A, Caprioli D, De Pirro S. Opposite environmental gating of the experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin versus cocaine in animals and humans: implications for computational neuroscience. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:2451-2471. [PMID: 31289884 PMCID: PMC6695361 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this paper, we reviewed translational studies concerned with environmental influences on the rewarding effects of heroin versus cocaine in rats and humans with substance use disorder. These studies show that both experienced utility ('liking') and decision utility ('wanting') of heroin and cocaine shift in opposite directions as a function of the setting in which these drugs were used. Briefly, rats and humans prefer using heroin at home but cocaine outside the home. These findings appear to challenge prevailing theories of drug reward, which focus on the notion of shared substrate of action for drug of abuse, and in particular on their shared ability to facilitate dopaminergic transmission. AIMS Thus, in the second part of the paper, we verified whether our findings could be accounted for by available computational models of reward. To account for our findings, a model must include a component that could mediate the substance-specific influence of setting on drug reward RESULTS: It appears of the extant models that none is fully compatible with the results of our studies. CONCLUSIONS We hope that this paper will serve as stimulus to design computational models more attuned to the complex mechanisms responsible for the rewarding effects of drugs in real-world contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aldo Badiani
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Silvana De Pirro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Sussex Addiction Research & Intervention Centre (SARIC) and School of Psychology, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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13
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Rubio FJ, Quintana-Feliciano R, Warren BL, Li X, Witonsky KFR, Valle FSD, Selvam PV, Caprioli D, Venniro M, Bossert JM, Shaham Y, Hope BT. Prelimbic cortex is a common brain area activated during cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine and heroin seeking in a polydrug self-administration rat model. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 49:165-178. [PMID: 30307667 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Many preclinical studies examined cue-induced relapse to heroin and cocaine seeking in animal models, but most of these studies examined only one drug at a time. In human addicts, however, polydrug use of cocaine and heroin is common. We used a polydrug self-administration relapse model in rats to determine similarities and differences in brain areas activated during cue-induced reinstatement of heroin and cocaine seeking. We trained rats to lever press for cocaine (1.0 mg/kg per infusion, 3-hr/day, 18 day) or heroin (0.03 mg/kg per infusion) on alternating days (9 day for each drug); drug infusions were paired with either intermittent or continuous light cue. Next, the rats underwent extinction training followed by tests for cue-induced reinstatement where they were exposed to either heroin- or cocaine-associated cues. We observed cue-selective reinstatement of drug seeking: the heroin cue selectively reinstated heroin seeking and the cocaine cue selectively reinstated cocaine seeking. We used Fos immunohistochemistry to assess cue-induced neuronal activation in different subregions of the medial prefrontal cortex, dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and amygdala. Fos expression results indicated that only the prelimbic cortex (PL) was activated by both heroin and cocaine cues; in contrast, no significant cue-induced neuronal activation was observed in other brain areas. RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the proportion of glutamatergic and GABAergic markers in PL Fos-expressing cells was similar for the heroin and cocaine cue-activated neurons. Overall, the results indicate that PL may be a common brain area involved in both heroin and cocaine seeking during polydrug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Rubio
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Richard Quintana-Feliciano
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xuan Li
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kailyn F R Witonsky
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Frank Soto Del Valle
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Pooja V Selvam
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,Santa Lucia Foundation (IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia), Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Venniro
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Neuronal Ensembles in Addiction Section, Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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14
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Caprioli D, Justinova Z, Venniro M, Shaham Y. Effect of Novel Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors on Drug Self-administration and Relapse: A Review of Preclinical Studies and Their Clinical Implications. Biol Psychiatry 2018; 84:180-192. [PMID: 29102027 PMCID: PMC5837933 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Results from preclinical rodent studies during the last 20 years implicated glutamate neurotransmission in different brain regions in drug self-administration and rodent models of relapse. These results, along with evidence for drug-induced neuroadaptations in glutamatergic neurons and receptors, suggested that addiction might be treatable by medications that inhibit glutamatergic responses to drugs of abuse, drug-associated cues, and stressors. This idea is supported by findings in rodent and primate models that drug self-administration and relapse are reduced by systemic injections of antagonists of ionotropic glutamate receptors or metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) or orthosteric agonists of mGluR2/3. However, these compounds have not advanced to clinical use because of potential side effects and other factors. This state of affairs has led to the development of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of mGluRs. PAMs and NAMs of mGluRs, either of which can inhibit evoked glutamate release, may be suitable for testing in humans. We reviewed results from recent studies of systemically injected PAMs and NAMs of mGluRs in rodents and monkeys, focusing on whether they reduce drug self-administration, reinstatement of drug seeking, and incubation of drug craving. We also review results from rat studies in which PAMs or NAMs of mGluRs were injected intracranially to reduce drug self-administration and reinstatement. We conclude that PAMs and NAMs of mGluRs should be considered for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Zuzana Justinova
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, DHHS, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Venniro M, Caprioli D, Zhang M, Whitaker LR, Zhang S, Warren BL, Cifani C, Marchant NJ, Yizhar O, Bossert JM, Chiamulera C, Morales M, Shaham Y. The Anterior Insular Cortex→Central Amygdala Glutamatergic Pathway Is Critical to Relapse after Contingency Management. Neuron 2017; 96:414-427.e8. [PMID: 29024664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2017.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research on neurobiological mechanisms of psychostimulant addiction, the only effective treatment for many addicts is contingency management, a behavioral treatment that uses alternative non-drug reward to maintain abstinence. However, when contingency management is discontinued, most addicts relapse to drug use. The brain mechanisms underlying relapse after cessation of contingency management are largely unknown, and, until recently, an animal model of this human condition did not exist. Here we used a novel rat model, in which the availability of a mutually exclusive palatable food maintains prolonged voluntary abstinence from intravenous methamphetamine self-administration, to demonstrate that the activation of monosynaptic glutamatergic projections from anterior insular cortex to central amygdala is critical to relapse after the cessation of contingency management. We identified the anterior insular cortex-to-central amygdala projection as a new addiction- and motivation-related projection and a potential target for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer" Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leslie R Whitaker
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shiliang Zhang
- Electron Microscopy Core, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carlo Cifani
- University of Camerino School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Unit, Camerino, Italy
| | - Nathan J Marchant
- Department of Anatomy and Neurosciences, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ofer Yizhar
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Marisela Morales
- Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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16
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Golden SA, Heins C, Venniro M, Caprioli D, Zhang M, Epstein D, Shaham Y. Compulsive Addiction-like Aggressive Behavior in Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 82:239-248. [PMID: 28434654 PMCID: PMC5532078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some people are highly motivated to seek aggressive encounters, and among those who have been incarcerated for such behavior, recidivism rates are high. These observations echo two core features of drug addiction: high motivation to seek addictive substances, despite adverse consequences, and high relapse rates. Here we used established rodent models of drug addiction to determine whether they would be sensitive to "addiction-like" features of aggression in CD-1 mice. METHODS In experiments 1 and 2, we trained older CD-1 mice to lever press for opportunities to attack younger C57BL6/J mice. We then tested them for relapse to aggression seeking after forced abstinence or punishment-induced suppression of aggression self-administration. In experiment 3, we trained a large cohort of CD-1 mice and tested them for choice-based voluntary suppression of aggression seeking, relapse to aggression seeking, progressive ratio responding, and punishment-induced suppression of aggression self-administration. We then used cluster analysis to identify patterns of individual differences in compulsive "addiction-like" aggressive behavior. RESULTS In experiments 1 and 2, we observed strong motivation to acquire operant self-administration of opportunities to aggress and relapse vulnerability during abstinence. In experiment 3, cluster analysis of the aggression-related measures identified a subset of "addicted" mice (∼19%) that exhibited intense operant-reinforced attack behavior, decreased likelihood to select an alternative reinforcer over aggression, heightened relapse vulnerability and progressive ratio responding, and resilience to punishment-induced suppression of aggressive behavior. CONCLUSIONS Using procedures established to model drug addiction, we showed that a subpopulation of CD-1 mice demonstrate "addiction-like" aggressive behavior, suggesting an evolutionary origin for compulsive aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam A. Golden
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224
| | - Conor Heins
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224
| | - Marco Venniro
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224
| | - David Epstein
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA – NIH, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200 Baltimore MD, USA 21224,Correspondence to: Yavin Shaham (), Neurobiology of Relapse Section, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, 251 Bayview Blvd., Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21224, Shaham – (443) 740-2723
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17
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Adhikary S, Caprioli D, Venniro M, Kallenberger P, Shaham Y, Bossert JM. Incubation of extinction responding and cue-induced reinstatement, but not context- or drug priming-induced reinstatement, after withdrawal from methamphetamine. Addict Biol 2017; 22:977-990. [PMID: 26989042 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In rats trained to self-administer methamphetamine, extinction responding in the presence of drug-associated contextual and discrete cues progressively increases after withdrawal (incubation of methamphetamine craving). The conditioning factors underlying this incubation are unknown. Here, we studied incubation of methamphetamine craving under different experimental conditions to identify factors contributing to this incubation. We also determined whether the rats' response to methamphetamine priming incubates after withdrawal. We trained rats to self-administer methamphetamine in a distinct context (context A) for 14 days (6 hours/day). Lever presses were paired with a discrete light cue. We then tested groups of rats in context A or a different non-drug context (context B) after 1 day, 1 week or 1 month for extinction responding with or without the discrete cue. Subsequently, we tested the rats for reinstatement of drug seeking induced by exposure to contextual, discrete cue, or drug priming (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/kg). Operant responding in the extinction sessions in contexts A or B was higher after 1 week and 1 month of withdrawal than after 1 day; this effect was context-independent. Independent of the withdrawal period, operant responding in the extinction sessions was higher when responding led to contingent delivery of the discrete cue. After extinction, discrete cue-induced reinstatement, but not context- or drug priming-induced reinstatement, progressively increased after withdrawal. Together, incubation of methamphetamine craving, as assessed in extinction tests, is primarily mediated by time-dependent increases in non-reinforced operant responding, and this effect is potentiated by exposure to discrete, but not contextual, cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Adhikary
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Paige Kallenberger
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Jennifer M. Bossert
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH; Baltimore MD USA
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18
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Venniro M, Zhang M, Shaham Y, Caprioli D. Incubation of Methamphetamine but not Heroin Craving After Voluntary Abstinence in Male and Female Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2017; 42:1126-1135. [PMID: 28025975 PMCID: PMC5506794 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
We recently introduced an animal model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence in male rats. Here we studied the generality of this phenomenon to (1) female rats, and (2) male and female rats with a history of heroin self-administration. We first trained rats to self-administer palatable food pellets for 6 days (6 h per day) for either methamphetamine (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) or heroin (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 12 days (6 h/day). We then assessed relapse to drug seeking under extinction conditions after 1 and 21 abstinence days. Between tests, the rats underwent either voluntary abstinence (achieved via a discrete choice procedure between drug and palatable food; 20 trials/day) or home-cage forced abstinence. We found no sex differences in methamphetamine self-administration or in the strong preference for the palatable food over methamphetamine during the choice-based voluntary abstinence. In both sexes, methamphetamine seeking in the relapse tests was higher after 21 days of either voluntary or forced abstinence than after 1 day (incubation of methamphetamine craving). We also found no sex differences in heroin self-administration or the strong preference for the palatable food over heroin during the choice-based voluntary abstinence. However, male and female rats with a history of heroin self-administration showed incubation of heroin craving after forced but not voluntary abstinence. Our results show that incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence generalizes to female rats. Unexpectedly, prolonged voluntary abstinence prevented the emergence of incubation of heroin craving in both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA,Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP, NIDA, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21044, USA, Tel: 443 740 2723, Fax: 443 740 2727, E-mail: or
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA,Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, IRP, NIDA, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Suite 200, Baltimore, MD 21044, USA, Tel: 443 740 2723, Fax: 443 740 2727, E-mail: or
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Caprioli D, Venniro M, Zhang M, Bossert JM, Warren BL, Hope BT, Shaham Y. Role of Dorsomedial Striatum Neuronal Ensembles in Incubation of Methamphetamine Craving after Voluntary Abstinence. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1014-1027. [PMID: 28123032 PMCID: PMC5296775 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3091-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We recently developed a rat model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence. Here, we studied the role of dorsolateral striatum (DLS) and dorsomedial striatum (DMS) in this incubation. We trained rats to self-administer palatable food pellets (6 d, 6 h/d) and methamphetamine (12 d, 6 h/d). We then assessed relapse to methamphetamine seeking under extinction conditions after 1 and 21 abstinence days. Between tests, the rats underwent voluntary abstinence (using a discrete choice procedure between methamphetamine and food; 20 trials/d) for 19 d. We used in situ hybridization to measure the colabeling of the activity marker Fos with Drd1 and Drd2 in DMS and DLS after the tests. Based on the in situ hybridization colabeling results, we tested the causal role of DMS D1 and D2 family receptors, and DMS neuronal ensembles in "incubated" methamphetamine seeking, using selective dopamine receptor antagonists (SCH39166 or raclopride) and the Daun02 chemogenetic inactivation procedure, respectively. Methamphetamine seeking was higher after 21 d of voluntary abstinence than after 1 d (incubation of methamphetamine craving). The incubated response was associated with increased Fos expression in DMS but not in DLS; Fos was colabeled with both Drd1 and Drd2 DMS injections of SCH39166 or raclopride selectively decreased methamphetamine seeking after 21 abstinence days. In Fos-lacZ transgenic rats, selective inactivation of relapse test-activated Fos neurons in DMS on abstinence day 18 decreased incubated methamphetamine seeking on day 21. Results demonstrate a role of DMS dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the incubation of methamphetamine craving after voluntary abstinence and that DMS neuronal ensembles mediate this incubation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In human addicts, abstinence is often self-imposed and relapse can be triggered by exposure to drug-associated cues that induce drug craving. We recently developed a rat model of incubation of methamphetamine craving after choice-based voluntary abstinence. Here, we used classical pharmacology, in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and the Daun02 inactivation procedure to demonstrate a critical role of dorsomedial striatum neuronal ensembles in this new form of incubation of drug craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Michelle Zhang
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Jennifer M Bossert
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Brandon L Warren
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Bruce T Hope
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21224
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Wilson LB, Sibeck DG, Turner DL, Osmane A, Caprioli D, Angelopoulos V. Relativistic Electrons Produced by Foreshock Disturbances Observed Upstream of Earth's Bow Shock. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:215101. [PMID: 27911552 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.215101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Charged particles can be reflected and accelerated by strong (i.e., high Mach number) astrophysical collisionless shock waves, streaming away to form a foreshock region in communication with the shock. Foreshocks are primarily populated by suprathermal ions that can generate foreshock disturbances-large-scale (i.e., tens to thousands of thermal ion Larmor radii), transient (∼5-10 per day) structures. They have recently been found to accelerate ions to energies of several keV. Although electrons in Saturn's high Mach number (M>40) bow shock can be accelerated to relativistic energies (nearly 1000 keV), it has hitherto been thought impossible to accelerate electrons beyond a few tens of keV at Earth's low Mach number (1≤M<20) bow shock. Here we report observations of electrons energized by foreshock disturbances to energies up to at least ∼300 keV. Although such energetic electrons have been previously observed, their presence has been attributed to escaping magnetospheric particles or solar events. These relativistic electrons are not associated with any solar or magnetospheric activity. Further, due to their relatively small Larmor radii (compared to magnetic gradient scale lengths) and large thermal speeds (compared to shock speeds), no known shock acceleration mechanism can energize thermal electrons up to relativistic energies. The discovery of relativistic electrons associated with foreshock structures commonly generated in astrophysical shocks could provide a new paradigm for electron injections and acceleration in collisionless plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Wilson
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D G Sibeck
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
| | - D L Turner
- The Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, California 90245, USA
| | - A Osmane
- Department of Radio Science, Aalto University, Espoo 02150, Finland
| | - D Caprioli
- Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA and University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - V Angelopoulos
- Department of Earth, Planetary, and Space Sciences, and Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
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Belin-Rauscent A, Daniel ML, Puaud M, Jupp B, Sawiak S, Howett D, McKenzie C, Caprioli D, Besson M, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ, Dalley JW, Belin D. From impulses to maladaptive actions: the insula is a neurobiological gate for the development of compulsive behavior. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:491-9. [PMID: 26370145 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Impulsivity is an endophenotype of vulnerability for compulsive behaviors. However, the neural mechanisms whereby impulsivity facilitates the development of compulsive disorders, such as addiction or obsessive compulsive disorder, remain unknown. We first investigated, in rats, anatomical and functional correlates of impulsivity in the anterior insular (AI) cortex by measuring both the thickness of, and cellular plasticity markers in, the AI with magnetic resonance imaging and in situ hybridization of the immediate early gene zif268, respectively. We then investigated the influence of bilateral AI cortex lesions on the high impulsivity trait, as measured in the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT), and the associated propensity to develop compulsivity as measured by high drinking levels in a schedule-induced polydipsia procedure (SIP). We demonstrate that the AI cortex causally contributes to individual vulnerability to impulsive-compulsive behavior in rats. Motor impulsivity, as measured by premature responses in the 5-CSRTT, was shown to correlate with the thinness of the anterior region of the insular cortex, in which highly impulsive (HI) rats expressed lower zif268 mRNA levels. Lesions of AI reduced impulsive behavior in HI rats, which were also highly susceptible to develop compulsive behavior as measured in a SIP procedure. AI lesions also attenuated both the development and the expression of SIP. This study thus identifies the AI as a novel neural substrate of maladaptive impulse control mechanisms that may facilitate the development of compulsive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Belin-Rauscent
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - M-L Daniel
- Inserm CIC-1402, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
| | - M Puaud
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B Jupp
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Sawiak
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Howett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C McKenzie
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Besson
- Neurobiologie Intégrative des Systèmes Cholinergiques, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - T W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - B J Everitt
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J W Dalley
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D Belin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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22
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Sawiak SJ, Jupp B, Taylor T, Caprioli D, Carpenter TA, Dalley JW. In vivo γ-aminobutyric acid measurement in rats with spectral editing at 4.7T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015; 43:1308-12. [PMID: 26633759 PMCID: PMC4869682 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the feasibility of spectral editing for quantification of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the rat brain and to determine whether altered GABA concentration in the ventral striatum is a neural endophenotype associated with trait‐like impulsive behavior. Materials and Methods Spectra were acquired at 4.7T for 23 male Lister‐hooded rats that had been previously screened for extremely low and high impulsivity phenotypes on an automated behavioral task (n = 11 low‐impulsive; n = 12 high‐impulsive). Voxels of 3 × 7 × 4 mm3 (84 μL) centered bilaterally across the ventral striatum were used to evaluate GABA concentration ratios. Results Quantifiable GABA signals in the ventral striatum were obtained for all rats. Mean‐edited GABA to n‐acetyl aspartate (NAA) ratios in the ventral striatum were 0.22 (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.18, 0.25]). Mean GABA/NAA ratios in this region were significantly decreased by 28% in high‐impulsive rats compared to low‐impulsive rats (P = 0.02; 95% CI [–53%, –2%]). Conclusion These findings demonstrate that spectral editing at 4.7T is a feasible method to assess in vivo GABA concentrations in the rat brain. The results show that diminished GABA content in the ventral striatum may be a neural endophenotype associated with impulsivity. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1308–1312.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.,Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Tom Taylor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK
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Venniro M, Caprioli D, Shaham Y. Animal models of drug relapse and craving: From drug priming-induced reinstatement to incubation of craving after voluntary abstinence. Prog Brain Res 2015; 224:25-52. [PMID: 26822352 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High rates of relapse to drug use during abstinence is a defining feature of drug addiction. In abstinent drug users, drug relapse is often precipitated by acute exposure to the self-administered drug, drug-associated cues, stress, as well as by short-term and protracted withdrawal symptoms. In this review, we discuss different animal models that have been used to study behavioral and neuropharmacological mechanisms of these relapse-related phenomena. In the first part, we discuss relapse models in which abstinence is achieved through extinction training, including the established reinstatement model, as well as the reacquisition and resurgence models. In the second part, we discuss recent animal models in which drug relapse is assessed after either forced abstinence (e.g., the incubation of drug craving model) or voluntary (self-imposed) abstinence achieved either by introducing adverse consequences to ongoing drug self-administration (e.g., punishment) or by an alternative nondrug reward using a discrete choice (drug vs. palatable food) procedure. We conclude by briefly discussing the potential implications of the recent developments of animal models of drug relapse after voluntary abstinence to the development of medications for relapse prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory, Section of Pharmacology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yavin Shaham
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, NIDA, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Caprioli D, Zeric T, Thorndike EB, Venniro M. Persistent palatable food preference in rats with a history of limited and extended access to methamphetamine self-administration. Addict Biol 2015; 20:913-26. [PMID: 25582886 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that when given a mutually exclusive choice between cocaine and palatable foods, most rats prefer the non-drug rewards over cocaine. Here, we used a discrete choice procedure to assess whether palatable food preference generalizes to rats with a history of limited (3 hours/day) or extended (6 or 9 hours/day) access to methamphetamine self-administration. On different daily sessions, we trained rats to lever-press for either methamphetamine (0.1-0.2 mg/kg/infusion) or palatable food (five pellets per reward delivery) for several weeks; regular food was freely available. We then assessed food-methamphetamine preference either during training, after priming methamphetamine injections (0.5-1.0 mg/kg), following a satiety manipulation (palatable food exposure in the home cage) or after 21 days of withdrawal from methamphetamine. We also assessed progressive ratio responding for palatable food and methamphetamine. We found that independent of the daily drug access conditions and the withdrawal period, the rats strongly preferred the palatable food over methamphetamine, even when they were given free access to the palatable food in the home cage. Intake of methamphetamine and progressive ratio responding for the drug, both of which increased or escalated over time, did not predict preference in the discrete choice test. Results demonstrate that most rats strongly prefer palatable food pellets over intravenous methamphetamine, confirming previous studies using discrete choice procedures with intravenous cocaine. Results also demonstrate that escalation of drug self-administration, a popular model of compulsive drug use, is not associated with a cardinal feature of human addiction of reduced behavioral responding for non-drug rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIH; DHHS; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Tamara Zeric
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIH; DHHS; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Eric B. Thorndike
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIH; DHHS; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Marco Venniro
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIH; DHHS; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Baltimore MD USA
- Neuropsychopharmacology Laboratory; Section Pharmacology; Department Public Health and Community Medicine; University of Verona; Italy
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Abstract
Cue-induced drug craving progressively increases after prolonged withdrawal from drug self-administration in laboratory animals, a behavioral phenomenon termed 'incubation of drug craving.' Studies over the years have revealed several important neural mechanisms contributing to incubation of drug craving. In this mini-review, we first discuss three excellent Addiction Biology publications on incubation of drug craving in both human and laboratory animals. We then review several key publications from the past year on behavioral and mechanistic findings related to incubation of drug craving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIDA, NIH, DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIDA, NIH, DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
| | - Nathan J. Marchant
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch; Intramural Research Program; NIDA, NIH, DHHS; Baltimore MD USA
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health; University of Melbourne; Australia
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Barnes SA, Sawiak SJ, Caprioli D, Jupp B, Buonincontri G, Mar AC, Harte MK, Fletcher PC, Robbins TW, Neill JC, Dalley JW. Impaired limbic cortico-striatal structure and sustained visual attention in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2014; 18:pyu010. [PMID: 25552430 PMCID: PMC4368881 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) dysfunction is thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Accordingly, NMDAR antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) are used widely in experimental animals to model cognitive impairment associated with this disorder. However, it is unclear whether PCP disrupts the structural integrity of brain areas relevant to the profile of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia. METHODS Here we used high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging and voxel-based morphometry to investigate structural alterations associated with sub-chronic PCP treatment in rats. RESULTS Sub-chronic exposure of rats to PCP (5mg/kg twice daily for 7 days) impaired sustained visual attention on a 5-choice serial reaction time task, notably when the attentional load was increased. In contrast, sub-chronic PCP had no significant effect on the attentional filtering of a pre-pulse auditory stimulus in an acoustic startle paradigm. Voxel-based morphometry revealed significantly reduced grey matter density bilaterally in the hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, ventral striatum, and amygdala. PCP-treated rats also exhibited reduced cortical thickness in the insular cortex. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that sub-chronic NMDA receptor antagonism is sufficient to produce highly-localized morphological abnormalities in brain areas implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Furthermore, PCP exposure resulted in dissociable impairments in attentional function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Guido Buonincontri
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Adam C Mar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Michael K Harte
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Paul C Fletcher
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Jo C Neill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill)
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA (Dr Barnes); Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge UK (Drs Sawiak, Caprioli, Jupp, Mar, Fletcher, Robbins, and Dalley); Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Sawiak and Buonincontri); Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK (Drs Fletcher and Dalley); Manchester Pharmacy School, University of Manchester, UK (Drs Harte and Neill).
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Marchant NJ, Rabei R, Kaganovsky K, Caprioli D, Bossert JM, Bonci A, Shaham Y. A critical role of lateral hypothalamus in context-induced relapse to alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence. J Neurosci 2014; 34:7447-57. [PMID: 24872550 PMCID: PMC4035512 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0256-14.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In human alcoholics, abstinence is often self-imposed, despite alcohol availability, because of the negative consequences of excessive use. During abstinence, relapse is often triggered by exposure to contexts associated with alcohol use. We recently developed a rat model that captures some features of this human condition: exposure to the alcohol self-administration environment (context A), after punishment-imposed suppression of alcohol self-administration in a different environment (context B), provoked renewal of alcohol seeking in alcohol-preferring P rats. The mechanisms underlying context-induced renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence are unknown. Here, we studied the role of the lateral hypothalamus (LH) and its forebrain projections in this effect. We first determined the effect of context-induced renewal of alcohol seeking on Fos (a neuronal activity marker) expression in LH. We next determined the effect of LH reversible inactivation by GABAA + GABAB receptor agonists (muscimol + baclofen) on this effect. Finally, we determined neuronal activation in brain areas projecting to LH during context-induced renewal tests by measuring double labeling of the retrograde tracer cholera toxin subunit B (CTb; injected in LH) with Fos. Context-induced renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence was associated with increased Fos expression in LH. Additionally, renewal was blocked by muscimol + baclofen injections into LH. Finally, double-labeling analysis of CTb + Fos showed that context-induced renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence was associated with selective activation of accumbens shell neurons projecting to LH. The results demonstrate an important role of LH in renewal of alcohol seeking after punishment-imposed abstinence and suggest a role of accumbens shell projections to LH in this form of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J Marchant
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia,
| | - Rana Rabei
- Behavioral Neuroscience Research Branch and
| | | | | | | | - Antonello Bonci
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience and Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
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Hayes DJ, Jupp B, Sawiak SJ, Merlo E, Caprioli D, Dalley JW. Brain γ-aminobutyric acid: a neglected role in impulsivity. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 39:1921-32. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dave J. Hayes
- Toronto Western Research Institute; Toronto Western Hospital and Division of Neurosurgery; University of Toronto; Toronto ON Canada
- Mind, Brain Imaging and Neuroethics; Institute of Mental Health Research; University of Ottawa; Ottawa ON Canada
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
| | - Steve J. Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre; Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
| | - Emiliano Merlo
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
| | | | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychology; University of Cambridge; Cambridge CB2 3EB UK
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29
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Voon V, Irvine MA, Derbyshire K, Worbe Y, Lange I, Abbott S, Morein-Zamir S, Dudley R, Caprioli D, Harrison NA, Wood J, Dalley JW, Bullmore ET, Grant JE, Robbins TW. Measuring "waiting" impulsivity in substance addictions and binge eating disorder in a novel analogue of rodent serial reaction time task. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:148-55. [PMID: 23790224 PMCID: PMC3988873 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature responding is a form of motor impulsivity that preclinical evidence has shown to predict compulsive drug seeking but has not yet been studied in humans. We developed a novel translation of the task, based on the rodent 5-choice serial reaction time task, testing premature responding in disorders of drug and natural food rewards. METHODS Abstinent alcohol- (n = 30) and methamphetamine-dependent (n = 23) subjects, recreational cannabis users (n = 30), and obese subjects with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) binge eating disorder (BED) were compared with matched healthy volunteers and tested on the premature responding task. RESULTS Compared with healthy volunteers, alcohol- and methamphetamine-dependent subjects and cannabis users showed greater premature responding with no differences observed in obese subjects with or without BED. Current smokers exhibited greater premature responding versus ex-smokers and nonsmokers. Alcohol-dependent subjects also had lower motivation for explicit monetary incentives. A Motivation Index correlated negatively with alcohol use and binge eating severity. CONCLUSIONS Premature responding on a novel translation of a serial reaction time task was more evident in substance use disorders but not in obese subjects with or without BED. Lower motivation for monetary incentives linked alcohol use and binge eating severity. Our findings add to understanding the relationship between drug and natural food rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael A. Irvine
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Derbyshire
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yulia Worbe
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Iris Lange
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sanja Abbott
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon Morein-Zamir
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Robyn Dudley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Harrison
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward T. Bullmore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jon E. Grant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Illinois
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Caprioli D, Sawiak SJ, Merlo E, Theobald DEH, Spoelder M, Jupp B, Voon V, Carpenter TA, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Gamma aminobutyric acidergic and neuronal structural markers in the nucleus accumbens core underlie trait-like impulsive behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:115-23. [PMID: 23973096 PMCID: PMC3898085 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pathological forms of impulsivity are manifest in a number of psychiatric disorders listed in DSM-5, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and substance use disorder. However, the molecular and cellular substrates of impulsivity are poorly understood. Here, we investigated a specific form of motor impulsivity in rats, namely premature responding, on a five-choice serial reaction time task. METHODS We used in vivo voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging and ex vivo Western blot analyses to investigate putative structural, neuronal, and glial protein markers in low-impulsive (LI) and high-impulsive rats. We also investigated whether messenger RNA interference targeting glutamate decarboxylase 65/67 (GAD65/67) gene expression in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcbC) is sufficient to increase impulsivity in LI rats. RESULTS We identified structural and molecular abnormalities in the NAcbC associated with motor impulsivity in rats. We report a reduction in gray matter density in the left NAcbC of high-impulsive rats, with corresponding reductions in this region of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD65/67) and markers of dendritic spines and microtubules. We further demonstrate that the experimental reduction of de novo of GAD65/67 expression bilaterally in the NAcbC is sufficient to increase impulsivity in LI rats. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal a novel mechanism of impulsivity in rats involving gamma aminobutyric acidergic and structural abnormalities in the NAcbC with potential relevance to the etiology and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emiliano Merlo
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David E H Theobald
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcia Spoelder
- Division Neurobiology of Behaviour, Department of Animals in Science and Society, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Voon
- Cambridgeshire and Peterborough National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Adrian Carpenter
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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31
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Lucantonio F, Caprioli D, Schoenbaum G. Transition from 'model-based' to 'model-free' behavioral control in addiction: Involvement of the orbitofrontal cortex and dorsolateral striatum. Neuropharmacology 2014; 76 Pt B:407-15. [PMID: 23752095 PMCID: PMC3809026 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine addiction is a complex and multidimensional process involving a number of behavioral and neural forms of plasticity. The behavioral transition from voluntary drug use to compulsive drug taking may be explained at the neural level by drug-induced changes in function or interaction between a flexible planning system, associated with prefrontal cortical regions, and a rigid habit system, associated with the striatum. The dichotomy between these two systems is operationalized in computational theory by positing model-based and model-free learning mechanisms, the former relying on an "internal model" of the environment and the latter on pre-computed or cached values to control behavior. In this review, we will suggest that model-free and model-based learning mechanisms appear to be differentially affected, at least in the case of psychostimulants such as cocaine, with the former being enhanced while the latter are disrupted. As a result, the behavior of long-term drug users becomes less flexible and responsive to the desirability of expected outcomes and more habitual, based on the long history of reinforcement. To support our specific proposal, we will review recent neural and behavioral evidence on the effect of psychostimulant exposure on orbitofrontal and dorsolateral striatum structure and function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'NIDA 40th Anniversary Issue'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Lucantonio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; NIDA, Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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Virdee K, McArthur S, Brischoux F, Caprioli D, Ungless MA, Robbins TW, Dalley JW, Gillies GE. Antenatal glucocorticoid treatment induces adaptations in adult midbrain dopamine neurons, which underpin sexually dimorphic behavioral resilience. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:339-50. [PMID: 23929547 PMCID: PMC3870772 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated previously that antenatal glucocorticoid treatment (AGT, gestational days 16-19) altered the size and organization of the adult rat midbrain dopaminergic (DA) populations. Here we investigated the consequences of these AGT-induced cytoarchitectural disturbances on indices of DA function in adult rats. We show that in adulthood, enrichment of striatal DA fiber density paralleled AGT-induced increases in the numbers of midbrain DA neurons, which retained normal basal electrophysiological properties. This was co-incident with changes in (i) striatal D2-type receptor levels (increased, both sexes); (ii) D1-type receptor levels (males decreased; females increased); (iii) DA transporter levels (males increased; females decreased) in striatal regions; and (iv) amphetamine-induced mesolimbic DA release (males increased; females decreased). However, despite these profound, sexually dimorphic changes in markers of DA neurotransmission, in-utero glucocorticoid overexposure had a modest or no effect on a range of conditioned and unconditioned appetitive behaviors known to depend on mesolimbic DA activity. These findings provide empirical evidence for enduring AGT-induced adaptive mechanisms within the midbrain DA circuitry, which preserve some, but not all, functions, thereby casting further light on the vulnerability of these systems to environmental perturbations. Furthermore, they demonstrate these effects are achieved by different, often opponent, adaptive mechanisms in males and females, with translational implications for sex biases commonly found in midbrain DA-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwar Virdee
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon McArthur
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Frédéric Brischoux
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark A Ungless
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Glenda E Gillies
- Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK,Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK, Tel: +44 (0) 20 8383 8037, Fax: +44 (0) 20 8383 8032, E-mail:
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33
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Kumakura Y, Gjedde A, Caprioli D, Kienast T, Beck A, Plotkin M, Schlagenhauf F, Vernaleken I, Gründer G, Bartenstein P, Heinz A, Cumming P. Increased turnover of dopamine in caudate nucleus of detoxified alcoholic patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73903. [PMID: 24040111 PMCID: PMC3770672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study of the DOPA decarboxylase substrate 6-[18F]fluoro-L-DOPA (FDOPA) with positron emission tomography (PET) detected no difference of the net blood-brain transfer rate (Kinapp) between detoxified alcoholic patients and healthy controls. Instead, the study revealed an inverse correlation between Kinapp in left ventral striatum and alcohol craving scores. To resolve the influx and efflux phases of radiolabeled molecules, we independently estimated the unidirectional blood-brain FDOPA clearance rate (K) and the washout rate of [18F]fluorodopamine and its deaminated metabolites (kloss), and we also calculated the total distribution volume of decarboxylated metabolites and unmetabolized FDOPA as a steady-state index of the dopamine storage capacity (Vd) in brain. The craving scores in the 12 alcoholics correlated positively with the rate of loss (kloss) in the left ventral striatum. We conclude that craving is most pronounced in the individuals with relatively rapid dopamine turnover in the left ventral striatum. The blood-brain clearance rate (K), corrected for subsequent loss of radiolabeled molecules from brain, was completely normal throughout the brain of the alcoholics, in whom the volume of distribution (Vd) was found to be significantly lower in the left caudate nucleus. The magnitude of Vd in the left caudate head was reduced by 43% relative to the 16 controls, consistent with a 58% increase of kloss. We interpret the findings as indicating that a trait for rapid dopamine turnover in the ventral striatum subserves craving and reward-dependence, leading to an acquired state of increased dopamine turnover in the dorsal striatum of detoxified alcoholic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kumakura
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Albert Gjedde
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Functionally Integrative Neuroscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Thorsten Kienast
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michail Plotkin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charite - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Vernaleken
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Gründer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Bartenstein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Caprioli D, Fryer TD, Sawiak SJ, Aigbirhio FI, Dalley JW. Translating positron emission tomography studies in animals to stimulant addiction: promises and pitfalls. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2013; 23:597-606. [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Moreno M, Economidou D, Mar AC, López-Granero C, Caprioli D, Theobald DE, Fernando A, Newman AH, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Divergent effects of D₂/₃ receptor activation in the nucleus accumbens core and shell on impulsivity and locomotor activity in high and low impulsive rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2013; 228:19-30. [PMID: 23407782 PMCID: PMC3676742 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-013-3010-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previously we demonstrated reduced D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum of hyper-impulsive rats on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT). However, the anatomical locus of D2/3 receptor dysfunction in high impulsive (HI) rats is unknown. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated whether D2/3 receptor dysfunction in HI rats is localised to the core or shell sub-regions of the nucleus accumbens (NAcb). METHODS Rats were selected for low (low impulsive, LI) and high impulsivity on the 5-CSRTT and implanted with guide cannulae targeting the NAcb core and shell. The D2/3 receptor agonist quinpirole was locally injected in the NAcb (0.1, 0.3 and 1 μg per infusion) and its effects investigated on the performance of LI and HI rats on the 5-CSRTT as well as spontaneous locomotor activity in an open field. RESULTS Intra-NAcb core quinpirole increased premature responding in HI rats but not in LI rats. In contrast, intra-NAcb shell quinpirole strongly increased locomotor activity in HI rats, unlike LI rats. This effect was blocked by intra-NAcb shell infusions of the D2/3 receptor antagonist nafadotride (0.03 μg). However, nafadotride was ineffective in blocking the effects of intra-NAcb core quinpirole on premature responding in HI rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that impulsivity and hyperactivity are separately regulated by core and shell sub-regions of the NAcb and that HI rats show an enhanced response to D2/3 receptor activation in these regions. These results suggest that the symptom clusters of hyperactivity and impulsivity in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may be neurally dissociable at the level of the NAcb.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Moreno
- Department of Psychology, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - D. Economidou
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - A. C. Mar
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | | | - D. Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - D. E. Theobald
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - A. Fernando
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - A. H. Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse—Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - T. W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ UK
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Caprioli D, Hong YT, Sawiak SJ, Ferrari V, Williamson DJ, Jupp B, Adrian Carpenter T, Aigbirhio FI, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Fryer TD, Dalley JW. Baseline-dependent effects of cocaine pre-exposure on impulsivity and D2/3 receptor availability in the rat striatum: possible relevance to the attention-deficit hyperactivity syndrome. Neuropsychopharmacology 2013; 38:1460-71. [PMID: 23399948 PMCID: PMC3682140 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that impulsivity in rats predicts the emergence of compulsive cocaine seeking and taking, and is coupled to decreased D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum. As withdrawal from cocaine normalises high impulsivity in rats, we investigated, using positron emission tomography (PET), the effects of response-contingent cocaine administration on D2/3 receptor availability in the striatum. Rats were screened for impulsive behavior on the five-choice serial reaction time task. After a baseline PET scan with the D2/3 ligand [(18)F]fallypride, rats were trained to self-administer cocaine for 15 days under a long-access schedule. As a follow-up, rats were assessed for impulsivity and underwent a second [(18)F]fallypride PET scan. At baseline, we found that D2/3 receptor availability was significantly lower in the left, but not right, ventral striatum of high-impulsive rats compared with low-impulsive rats. While the number of self-administered cocaine infusions was not different between the two impulsivity groups, impulsivity selectively decreased in high-impulsive rats withdrawn from cocaine. This effect was accompanied by a significant increase in D2/3 receptor availability in the left, but not right, ventral striatum. We further report that D2/3 receptor availability was inversely related to baseline D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum of high-impulsive rats, as well as to the left and right dorsal striatum of both low-impulsive and high-impulsive rats. These findings indicate that the reduction in impulsivity in high-impulsive rats by prior cocaine exposure may be mediated by a selective correction of deficient D2/3 receptor availability in the ventral striatum. A similar baseline-dependent mechanism may account for the therapeutic effects of stimulant drugs in clinical disorders such as ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young T Hong
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Sawiak
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Valentina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - David J Williamson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - T Adrian Carpenter
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Barry J Everitt
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Trevor W Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK. Tel: +44 0 1223 765 291; Fax: +44 0 1223 333 564. E-mail:
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Jupp B, Caprioli D, Saigal N, Reverte I, Shrestha S, Cumming P, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Dopaminergic and GABA-ergic markers of impulsivity in rats: evidence for anatomical localisation in ventral striatum and prefrontal cortex. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 37:1519-28. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine; Ludwig-Maximillans University; Munich; Germany
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Jupp B, Caprioli D, Dalley JW. Highly impulsive rats: modelling an endophenotype to determine the neurobiological, genetic and environmental mechanisms of addiction. Dis Model Mech 2013; 6:302-11. [PMID: 23355644 PMCID: PMC3597013 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.010934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Impulsivity describes the tendency of an individual to act prematurely without foresight and is associated with a number of neuropsychiatric co-morbidities, including drug addiction. As such, there is increasing interest in the neurobiological mechanisms of impulsivity, as well as the genetic and environmental influences that govern the expression of this behaviour. Tests used on rodent models of impulsivity share strong parallels with tasks used to assess this trait in humans, and studies in both suggest a crucial role of monoaminergic corticostriatal systems in the expression of this behavioural trait. Furthermore, rodent models have enabled investigation of the causal relationship between drug abuse and impulsivity. Here, we review the use of rodent models of impulsivity for investigating the mechanisms involved in this trait, and how these mechanisms could contribute to the pathogenesis of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jupp
- Behavioural and Cognitive Neurosciences Institute and The Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Riss PJ, Hong YT, Marton J, Caprioli D, Williamson DJ, Ferrari V, Saigal N, Roth BL, Henriksen G, Fryer TD, Dalley JW, Aigbirhio FI. Synthesis and Evaluation of 18F-FE-PEO in Rodents: An 18F-Labeled Full Agonist for Opioid Receptor Imaging. J Nucl Med 2013; 54:299-305. [DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.112.108688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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B. McNabb C, R. Russell B, Caprioli D, J. Nutt D, Gibbons S, W. Dalley J. Single Chemical Entity Legal Highs: Assessing the Risk for Long Term Harm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 5:304-19. [DOI: 10.2174/1874473711205040005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Virdee K, Cumming P, Caprioli D, Jupp B, Rominger A, Aigbirhio FI, Fryer TD, Riss PJ, Dalley JW. Applications of positron emission tomography in animal models of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2012; 36:1188-216. [PMID: 22342372 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) provides dynamic images of the biodistribution of radioactive tracers in the brain. Through application of the principles of compartmental analysis, tracer uptake can be quantified in terms of specific physiological processes such as cerebral blood flow, cerebral metabolic rate, and the availability of receptors in brain. Whereas early PET studies in animal models of brain diseases were hampered by the limited spatial resolution of PET instruments, dedicated small-animal instruments now provide molecular images of rodent brain with resolution approaching 1mm, the theoretic limit of the method. Major applications of PET for brain research have consisted of studies of animal models of neurological disorders, notably Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Huntington's disease (HD), stroke, epilepsy and traumatic brain injury; these studies have particularly benefited from selective neurochemical lesion models (PD), and also transgenic rodent models (AD, HD). Due to their complex and uncertain pathophysiologies, corresponding models of neuropsychiatric disorders have proven more difficult to establish. Historically, there has been an emphasis on PET studies of dopamine transmission, as assessed with a range of tracers targeting dopamine synthesis, plasma membrane transporters, and receptor binding sites. However, notable recent breakthroughs in molecular imaging include the development of greatly improved tracers for subtypes of serotonin, cannabinoid, and metabotropic glutamate receptors, as well as noradrenaline transporters, amyloid-β and neuroinflammatory changes. This article reviews the considerable recent progress in preclinical PET and discusses applications relevant to a number of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwar Virdee
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Fernando ABP, Economidou D, Theobald DE, Zou MF, Newman AH, Spoelder M, Caprioli D, Moreno M, Hipόlito L, Aspinall AT, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. Modulation of high impulsivity and attentional performance in rats by selective direct and indirect dopaminergic and noradrenergic receptor agonists. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 219:341-52. [PMID: 21761147 PMCID: PMC3249163 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2408-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impulsivity is associated with a number of psychiatric disorders, most notably attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Drugs that augment catecholamine function (e.g. methylphenidate and the selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor atomoxetine) have clinical efficacy in ADHD, but their precise mechanism of action is unclear. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the relative contribution of dopamine (DA) and noradrenaline (NA) to the therapeutic effects of clinically effective drugs in ADHD using rats selected for high impulsivity on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5CSRTT). METHODS We examined the effects of direct and indirect DA and NA receptor agonists and selective DA and NA reuptake inhibitors in rats showing high and low levels of impulsivity on the 5CSRTT (designated high impulsive 'HI' and low impulsive 'LI', respectively). Drugs were administered by systemic injection in a randomized, counterbalanced manner. RESULTS Low doses of quinpirole (a D2/D3 agonist) and sumanirole (a D2 agonist) selectively reduced impulsivity on the 5CSRTT, whilst higher doses resulted in increased omissions and slower response latencies. The NA reuptake inhibitor, atomoxetine, and the alpha-2 adrenoreceptor agonist, guanfacine, dose dependently decreased premature responding. The dopaminergic reuptake inhibitor GBR-12909 increased impulsivity, whereas the nonselective DA and NA reuptake inhibitor methylphenidate had no significant effect on impulsive responses in HI and LI rats. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that high impulsivity can be ameliorated in rats by drugs that mimic the effects of DA and NA, just as in ADHD, and that activation of D2/3 receptors selectively decreases high impulsivity on the 5CSRTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushka B. P. Fernando
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Daina Economidou
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - David E. Theobald
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Mu-Fa Zou
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Amy H. Newman
- Medicinal Chemistry Section, National Institute on Drug Abuse-Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Marcia Spoelder
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Daniele Caprioli
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Margarita Moreno
- Department of Neuroscience and Health Sciences, University of Almeria, Almeria, Spain
| | - Lucia Hipόlito
- Depto. Farmacia i Technologia Farmaceutica, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Albert T. Aspinall
- School of Psychology, The University of St Andrews, St Mary’s College, South Street, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9JP UK
| | - Trevor W. Robbins
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK
| | - Jeffrey W. Dalley
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute and Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EB UK ,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 2QQ UK
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Cumming P, Caprioli D, Dalley JW. What have positron emission tomography and 'Zippy' told us about the neuropharmacology of drug addiction? Br J Pharmacol 2011; 163:1586-604. [PMID: 20846139 PMCID: PMC3166689 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2010.01036.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 08/09/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Translational molecular imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) and allied technologies offer unrivalled applications in the discovery of biomarkers and aetiological mechanisms relevant to human disease. Foremost among clinical PET findings during the past two decades of addiction research is the seminal discovery of reduced dopamine D(2/3) receptor expression in the striatum of drug addicts, which could indicate a predisposing factor and/or compensatory reaction to the chronic abuse of stimulant drugs. In parallel, recent years have witnessed significant improvements in the performance of small animal tomographs (microPET) and a refinement of animal models of addiction based on clinically relevant diagnostic criteria. This review surveys the utility of PET in the elucidation of neuropharmacological mechanisms underlying drug addiction. It considers the consequences of chronic drug exposure on regional brain metabolism and neurotransmitter function and identifies those areas where further research is needed, especially concerning the implementation of PET tracers targeting neurotransmitter systems other than dopamine, which increasingly have been implicated in the pathophysiology of drug addiction. In addition, this review considers the causal effects of behavioural traits such as impulsivity and novelty/sensation-seeking on the emergence of compulsive drug-taking. Previous research indicates that spontaneously high-impulsive rats--as exemplified by 'Zippy'--are pre-disposed to escalate intravenous cocaine self-administration, and subsequently to develop compulsive drug taking tendencies that endure despite concurrent adverse consequences of such behaviour, just as in human addiction. The discovery using microPET of pre-existing differences in dopamine D(2/3) receptor expression in the striatum of high-impulsive rats suggests a neural endophenotype that may likewise pre-dispose to stimulant addiction in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Cumming
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian's University, Munich, Germany
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Molander AC, Mar A, Norbury A, Steventon S, Moreno M, Caprioli D, Theobald DEH, Belin D, Everitt BJ, Robbins TW, Dalley JW. High impulsivity predicting vulnerability to cocaine addiction in rats: some relationship with novelty preference but not novelty reactivity, anxiety or stress. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 215:721-31. [PMID: 21274702 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impulsivity is a vulnerability marker for drug addiction in which other behavioural traits such as anxiety and novelty seeking ('sensation seeking') are also widely present. However, inter-relationships between impulsivity, novelty seeking and anxiety traits are poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper was to investigate the contribution of novelty seeking and anxiety traits to the expression of behavioural impulsivity in rats. METHODS Rats were screened on the five-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) for spontaneously high impulsivity (SHI) and low impulsivity (SLI) and subsequently tested for novelty reactivity and preference, assessed by open-field locomotor activity (OF), novelty place preference (NPP), and novel object recognition (OR). Anxiety was assessed on the elevated plus maze (EPM) both prior to and following the administration of the anxiolytic drug diazepam, and by blood corticosterone levels following forced novelty exposure. Finally, the effects of diazepam on impulsivity and visual attention were assessed in SHI and SLI rats. RESULTS SHI rats were significantly faster to enter an open arm on the EPM and exhibited preference for novelty in the OR and NPP tests, unlike SLI rats. However, there was no dimensional relationship between impulsivity and either novelty-seeking behaviour, anxiety levels, OF activity or novelty-induced changes in blood corticosterone levels. By contrast, diazepam (0.3-3 mg/kg), whilst not significantly increasing or decreasing impulsivity in SHI and SLI rats, did reduce the contrast in impulsivity between these two groups of animals. CONCLUSIONS This investigation indicates that behavioural impulsivity in rats on the 5-CSRTT, which predicts vulnerability for cocaine addiction, is distinct from anxiety, novelty reactivity and novelty-induced stress responses, and thus has relevance for the aetiology of drug addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Molander
- Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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Bari A, Theobald DE, Caprioli D, Mar AC, Aidoo-Micah A, Dalley JW, Robbins TW. Serotonin modulates sensitivity to reward and negative feedback in a probabilistic reversal learning task in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:1290-301. [PMID: 20107431 PMCID: PMC3055347 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2009.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 12/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Depressed patients show cognitive deficits that may depend on an abnormal reaction to positive and negative feedback. The precise neurochemical mechanisms responsible for such cognitive abnormalities have not yet been clearly characterized, although serotoninergic dysfunction is frequently associated with depression. In three experiments described here, we investigated the effects of different manipulations of central serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) levels in rats performing a probabilistic reversal learning task that measures response to feedback. Increasing or decreasing 5-HT tone differentially affected behavioral indices of cognitive flexibility (reversals completed), reward sensitivity (win-stay), and reaction to negative feedback (lose-shift). A single low dose of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor citalopram (1 mg/kg) resulted in fewer reversals completed and increased lose-shift behavior. By contrast, a single higher dose of citalopram (10 mg/kg) exerted the opposite effect on both measures. Repeated (5 mg/kg, daily, 7 days) and subchronic (10 mg/kg, b.i.d., 5 days) administration of citalopram increased the number of reversals completed by the animals and increased the frequency of win-stay behavior, whereas global 5-HT depletion had the opposite effect on both indices. These results show that boosting 5-HT neurotransmission decreases negative feedback sensitivity and increases reward (positive feedback) sensitivity, whereas reducing it has the opposite effect. However, these effects depend on the nature of the manipulation used: acute manipulations of the 5-HT system modulate negative feedback sensitivity, whereas long-lasting treatments specifically affect reward sensitivity. These results parallel some of the findings in humans on effects of 5-HT manipulations and are relevant to hypotheses of altered response to feedback in depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bari
- Behavioral and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, Cambridge, UK.
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Celentano M, Caprioli D, Dipasquale P, Cardillo V, Nencini P, Gaetani S, Badiani A, Badiani A. Drug context differently regulates cocaine versus heroin self-administration and cocaine- versus heroin-induced Fos mRNA expression in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2009; 204:349-60. [PMID: 19169671 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-009-1467-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE We have previously reported that cocaine self-administration is facilitated in male rats not residing in the test chambers (Non Resident rats) relative to rats living in the test chambers at all times (Resident rats). Surprisingly, the opposite was found for heroin. MATERIALS AND METHODS We predicted that, when given access to both cocaine and heroin on alternate days, Non Resident rats would take more cocaine relative to heroin than Resident rats. Heroin (25.0 microg/kg) and cocaine (400 microg/kg), were made alternately available for 14 self-administration sessions, on a fixed ratio (FR) schedule that was progressively increased from FR1 to FR5. Next, some rats underwent a progressive-ratio procedure for heroin and cocaine. The other rats continued to alternate heroin and cocaine self-administration for 12 additional sessions, during which the FR schedule was progressively increased from FR10 to FR100. The second aim of the study was to investigate Fos mRNA expression in Resident and Non Resident rats treated with non-contingent intravenous infusion of "self-administration doses" of heroin (25.0 microg/kg) and cocaine (400 microg/kg). RESULTS We found that: (1) drug-taking context differentially modulates intravenous cocaine versus heroin self-administration; (2) very low doses of cocaine and heroin are sufficient to induce Fos mRNA expression in the posterior caudate; (3) drug-administration context differentially modulates cocaine- versus heroin-induced Fos mRNA expression. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that the context of drug taking can play a powerful role in modulating cocaine versus heroin intake in the laboratory rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Celentano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Caprioli D, Celentano M, Dubla A, Lucantonio F, Nencini P, Badiani A. Ambience and drug choice: cocaine- and heroin-taking as a function of environmental context in humans and rats. Biol Psychiatry 2009; 65:893-9. [PMID: 19217078 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2008] [Revised: 12/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have recently observed an unforeseen dissociation in the effect of environmental context on heroin versus cocaine self-administration in rats. Rats housed in the self-administration chambers (Residents) took more heroin than rats that were transferred to the self-administration chambers only for the test sessions (Nonresidents). The contrary was found for cocaine. The twofold aim of the present study was to investigate: 1) drug choice as a function of ambience in rats given access to both cocaine and heroin, and 2) ambience of choice for cocaine- versus heroin-taking in human addicts. METHODS Resident and Nonresident rats with double-lumen intrajugular catheters were trained to self-administer cocaine (400 microg/kg/infusion) and heroin (25 microg/kg/infusion) on alternate days and then given the opportunity to choose between the two drugs during seven daily sessions. In the human study, we asked heroin and cocaine abusers where they preferred to take these drugs. RESULTS Approximately 46.7% of Resident rats exhibited a preference for heroin over cocaine; 33.3% preferred cocaine, and 20% expressed no preference. In contrast, only 8.3% of Nonresident rats preferred heroin, whereas 66.7% preferred cocaine, and 25% expressed no preference. In the human study, 73% of co-abusers reported that they used heroin exclusively or mostly at home (22% used it outside the home), whereas only 25% reported using cocaine at home (67% took it outside their homes). CONCLUSIONS Environmental context plays an important role in drug choice in both humans and rats self-administering heroin and cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome 00185, Italy
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Paolone G, Conversi D, Caprioli D, Bianco PD, Nencini P, Cabib S, Badiani A. Modulatory effect of environmental context and drug history on heroin-induced psychomotor activity and fos protein expression in the rat brain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2007; 32:2611-23. [PMID: 17392735 DOI: 10.1038/sj.npp.1301388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of environmental context and drug history in modulating the effects of heroin on locomotor activity and Fos protein expression in the neocortex and striatal complex of the rat. It was found that (1) repeated i.p. administrations of a relatively low dose of heroin (1 mg/kg, i.p.) induced psychomotor sensitization only when the treatment was administered in a relatively 'novel' environment (ie, a unique test environment distinct from the home cage) but not when the same treatment was administered in the home cage; (2) environmental novelty facilitated heroin-induced Fos expression in the caudate, particularly in its most caudal regions; (3) environmental context also modulated heroin-induced Fos expression in the nucleus accumbens and in the neocortex; (4) repeated exposures to heroin dramatically altered its effects on Fos expression in the caudate and in the neocortex; and (5) Fos protein levels in the postero-dorsal caudate, in the shell of the nucleus accumbens, and in the barrel field cortex predicted most of the variance in heroin-induced activity scores, as shown by multiple regression analysis. The present report demonstrates that environment and drug history powerfully interact in shaping the neurobehavioral response to heroin, as previously shown for amphetamine and cocaine. Thus, a full understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the neurobehavioral adaptations produced by addictive drugs will also require taking into due consideration the environment in which drugs are experienced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Paolone
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Abstract
The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the main types of animal models used to investigate the modulatory role of environment on drug addiction. The environment can alter the responsiveness to addictive drugs in at least three major ways. First, adverse life experiences can make an individual more vulnerable to develop drug addiction or to relapse into drug seeking. Second, neutral environmental cues can acquire, through Pavlovian conditioning, the ability to trigger drug seeking even after long periods of abstinence. Third, the environment immediately surrounding drug taking can alter the behavioral, subjective, and rewarding effects of a given drug, thus influencing the propensity to use the same drug again. We have focused in particular on the results obtained using an animal model we have developed to study the latter type of drug-environment interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
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Caprioli D, Paolone G, Celentano M, Testa A, Nencini P, Badiani A. Environmental modulation of cocaine self-administration in the rat. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2007; 192:397-406. [PMID: 17297633 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-007-0717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 01/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Previous studies have shown that environmental context can powerfully modulate the induction of psychomotor sensitization to cocaine in the rat. Rats that receive repeated administrations of cocaine in association with environmental novelty exhibit greater psychomotor sensitization than animals that receive the same treatments in their home cages. OBJECTIVES The goal of the present study was to investigate whether environmental context can exert its modulatory influence also on cocaine self-administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Independent groups of rats with intravenous catheters were given the possibility to self-administer different doses of cocaine (0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg per infusion) under two environmental conditions. Some animals were housed in the self-administration cages (home groups), whereas other rats were transported to the self-administration cages only for the test sessions (novelty groups). RESULTS Environmental "novelty" facilitated the acquisition of cocaine self-administration at the doses of 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg per infusion. When rats were given access to a higher dose of cocaine (0.8 mg/kg per infusion), there were no significant group differences in drug taking. Environmental context had no effect on the self-administration of the vehicle. Thus, it appears that environmental "novelty" produced a shift to the left in the dose-effect curve for cocaine self-administration. Furthermore, "novelty" enhanced the motivation of the rats to work for cocaine, as indicated by the results of a progressive ratio procedure. CONCLUSIONS The present findings demonstrate for the first time that the environment surrounding drug taking can alter both the intake of and motivation for cocaine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caprioli
- Department of Human Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, 5 Piazzale Aldo Moro, 00185, Rome, Italy
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