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Fattahi Ardakani M, Salahshouri A, Sotoudeh A, Fard MR, Dashti S, Ahmadi Chenari H, Baumann SL. A Study of the Use of Medicinal Plants by Persons With Type 2 Diabetes in Iran. Nurs Sci Q 2024; 37:168-172. [PMID: 38491885 DOI: 10.1177/08943184231224454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are used by many people with Type 2 diabetes in Iran. The aim of this study was to explore why this is so, from their perspective. Sixteen persons with Type 2 diabetes in Yazd City, Iran, were interviewed in April and May 2020 for this study. A thematic analysis of the transcripts of those interviews was done using MAXQDA 10 software. Six themes were identified: beliefs about medicinal plants, psychological factors, accessibility and economic barriers, patients' knowledge and awareness, social pressure, and the role of family culture. The recommendation of the study is that health counselors and specialists should provide needed information and skills for the proper use of medicinal plants, and the pharmaceutical infrastructures need to be expanded to provide enough drugs to facilitate better access to needed medication and reduce reliance on medicinal plants for persons with Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arash Salahshouri
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Sotoudeh
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rafati Fard
- Research, Health Science/Physiology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Saeed Dashti
- Department of Public Health, Ferdows School of Allied Medicine and Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Hadi Ahmadi Chenari
- Department of Nursing, Ferdows School of Allied Medicine and Public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Baumann SL. Living a Threatening Circumstance from a Nursing Perspective. Nurs Sci Q 2024; 37:166-167. [PMID: 38491878 DOI: 10.1177/08943184231224461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
This introduction reminds nurses to use a nursing perspective in their work with other clinicians and researchers. In this introduction, the humanbecoming perspective is used to help nurses see a group of persons with specific challenges or threatening circumstances as a case study of an important phenomenon, so as to remain as humane as possible in their practice, teaching, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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3
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Hatamzadeh N, Shakerinejad G, Navak T, Haghi M, Haghighizadeh MH, Baumann SL. The Efficiency of the Health Belief Model in Predicting the Preventive Behaviors of Pregnant Women During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran. Nurs Sci Q 2024; 37:76-80. [PMID: 38054312 DOI: 10.1177/08943184231207384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the efficiency of the health belief model in understanding preventive behaviors of pregnant women in Iran. A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical methodology study was conducted of pregnant women who were referred to a healthcare center in 2021. The data were the responses to a questionnaire designed for this study. The data were analyzed with SPSS 24 software, Amos 22 software, correlation tests, regression analysis, and independent t tests. In terms of the health belief model, pregnant women with high perceived susceptibility showed the highest vaccination rate, while those with high perceived barriers had the lowest. The model predicted 20% variance in the preventive behavior from COVID-19, with perceived susceptibility and cues to action being the strongest and weakest predictors of behavior, respectively. The conclusion of the study was that the health belief model was an appropriate model to guide the care of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hatamzadeh
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Tayebeh Navak
- School of Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Haghi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Health and Nutrition, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
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Abstract
A brief consideration of the term "self-neglect" as used in the gerontological nursing literature is in this column. It will serve as an introduction to the main article that reports on a survey of family members in Japan about their elder family members who refuse nursing care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Professor of Nursing, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Baumann SL. Nursing Science Quarterly Best Paper Award: 2022. Nurs Sci Q 2023; 36:438. [PMID: 37800711 DOI: 10.1177/08943184231187854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
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6
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Vitale E, Lupo R, Calabro A, Lezzi A, Zacchino S, Vergori S, Carvello M, Manara D, Valenzano L, Conte L, Baumann SL. Transcultural Nursing in Italy: An Explorative Study. Nurs Sci Q 2023; 36:292-298. [PMID: 37309150 DOI: 10.1177/08943184231169769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The health profile of foreigners in Italy is affected by multiple factors and events, including environmental, microbiological, cultural, and behavioral. To explore nurses' basic cross-cultural knowledge, and their perceptions of problems that arise in encounters with clients from outside the country, and to suggest solution strategies, we enrolled 327 nurses in an observational, cross-sectional, multicenter study. The findings suggested a need to improve sociocultural skills related to working in a multiethnic society, as early as the first level courses and possibly continue with appropriate master's degrees and research projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vitale
- Department of Mental Health, Local Health Company, Bari, Italy
| | - Roberto Lupo
- Emergency Department, San Giuseppe da Copertino Hospital, Lecce, Italy
| | - Antonino Calabro
- Nuovo Ospedale degli Infermi Hospital, Local Health Authority, Biella, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Vergori
- Social welfare residence San Raffale, Campi Salentina, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maicol Carvello
- Brisighella Community Hospital, Local Health Authority of Romagna
| | - Duilio Manara
- Center for Nursing Research and Innovation, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Luana Conte
- Post-Doctoral student, Laboratory of Biomedical Physics and Environment, Department of Mathematics and Physics "E. De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce (LE), Italy
- Post-Doctoral student, Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research Applied to Medicine (DReAM), University of Salento and ASL (Local Health Authority) Lecce (LE), Italy
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY USA
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Shakerian B, Mohammad R, Saeid D, Haghi M, Ardakani MF, Chenari HA, Baumann SL. Improving Physical Fitness and Health of Office Workers in Iran. Nurs Sci Q 2023; 36:186-193. [PMID: 36994969 DOI: 10.1177/08943184221150260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a study on improving the health and fitness of office workers in Iran using a comprehensive model. The research design was a randomized controlled trial involving 294 employees. The intervention was a 6-month program to promote physical activity. The primary outcome measure was their scores on the physical activity (PA) index recorded at 3 and 6 months. A statistically significantly increase in PA was found in the intervention group over the control group. In addition, the mean values of related health and physiological indices of the intervention group demonstrated a statistically significant increase compared to the control group. The conclusions of this study support research findings in multiple countries, that the physical activity and health of office workers can be improved in a short period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Shakerian
- Assistant Professor of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - RafatiFard Mohammad
- Health Science/Physiology, Clinical Research Development Unit, Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Dashti Saeid
- Department of Public Health, Ferdows School of Allied medicine and public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mehdi Haghi
- Assistant Professor of Health Education and Promotion, Department of Public Health, School of Health and Nutrition, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shohadaye Ashayer Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
| | | | - Hadi Ahmadi Chenari
- Department of Nursing, Ferdows School of Allied medicine and public Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Professor of Nursing, Hunter College, The City University of New York, USA
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Mula T, Azuri P, Baumann SL. Nursing Cultural Competence in Israel: Does Practice Make It Better? Nurs Sci Q 2023; 36:78-84. [PMID: 36571320 DOI: 10.1177/08943184221131968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Because of globalization, immigration, and mass exodus from countries due to political conflicts, there is an ever-changing mix of people with diverse cultural backgrounds who require institutions to provide continuing education to ensure that effective services are provided to everyone. Part of the transcultural challenges involves religion, socioeconomic differences and languages, and ethnic backgrounds that differ. The objective of this study was to examine whether a transcultural training program for undergraduate nursing students in Israel could enhance students' cultural competence. In this study, 319 senior undergraduate nursing students were asked to complete the Transcultural Health Care Screening Questionnaire as a measure of their cultural competence. The students' cultural competence was satisfactory but less than it had been in previous years. The authors suggest that cultural competence needs to be considered as a contextual, developmental, and experiential process that requires ongoing attention and curricular revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomar Mula
- The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Pazit Azuri
- The Academic College of Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Baumann SL, Samuels WE. Comorbidities in older adults with opioid use disorders. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 2022; 34:1280-1288. [PMID: 36354181 DOI: 10.1097/jxx.0000000000000801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing number of opioid use disorders (OUDs) and overdose deaths in older adults. In addition, older adults with OUD routinely receive lower-quality preventive and chronic care that result in poorer overall health. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to identify older patients with OUD at the study site and determine the prevalence of medical and psychiatric comorbidities. METHODOLOGY This retrospective study used a computer algorithm employed by a network of Federally Qualified Health Center primary care clinics in lower New York state. With the approval from institutional review board, the IT department of the organization captured data about older adults with an OUD diagnosis. The IT department identified 664 patients and provided anonymized demographic and medical history data of these patients for analysis. RESULTS Patients with OUD had 2-3 times more medical and psychiatric co-occurring conditions than national sample of older adults with no OUD of similar age and income. The most frequent co-occurring medical conditions in the patients were heart or circulatory disorders, movement disorders, respiratory disorders, pain disorders, nutritional disorders, and metabolic disorders. The most common co-occurring psychiatric conditions were anxiety disorders, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and bipolar disorder. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with OUD often have complex health care needs that often include one or more chronic medical and psychiatric conditions. IMPLICATIONS Providers should be aware of the multiple needs of older adults with OUD so that appropriate and comprehensive care can be offered to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, New York
- Sun River Health, Inwood Clinic, Bronx, New York
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10
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Baumann SL. Living a Nonlinear Concept of Aging: Toward A Global Perspective. Nurs Sci Q 2022; 35:483-487. [PMID: 36171697 DOI: 10.1177/08943184221115131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The author in this article suggests that applying a simple linear concept of time to the phenomenon of aging and development in the United States and around the world is both outdated and problematic, and he explores an alternative view. The author suggests that nursing and other sciences should stop considering age as a non-modifiable risk factor. Various nursing and other theories that support a nonlinear view of time and aging are included, as well as reports from the growing field of geoscience that holds that we can and should target aging and that it can be slowed and, in some cases, reversed. Some implications for nursing and the world are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, New York, NY, USA
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11
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Baumann SL, Shaw HK. Improving Global Health and Nursing's International Influence. Nurs Sci Q 2022; 35:368-373. [PMID: 35762058 DOI: 10.1177/08943184221092437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing power and political involvement of nurses globally via international nursing organizations, such as Sigma Theta Tau, International and the International Council of Nurses, as well as in International Health Organizations, like Partners in Health, are discussed in this paper. The voice of nurses, like Holly Shaw at the United Nations, and influence of nurses in leadership positions, like Shelia Davis at Partners in Health, are examples of nurses using increasing power and influence in improving health globally. A brief nursing perspective on power is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Holly K Shaw
- Representative, Department of Global Communications/NGO Executive Committee, NGO Committee on Mental Health, NGO Committee on Education, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Baumann SL, Hidle U, Mohammed SA, Mensah BL. An Opportunity of a Lifetime: How Imagination Can Transform Life During a Pandemic. Nurs Sci Q 2022; 35:256-261. [PMID: 35392718 DOI: 10.1177/08943184211070591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic created a demand for change and innovation in nursing and nurse education. In this paper, the authors tell the story of a nurse faculty member and two of her prelicensure RN nursing students who were evicted from their classroom and clinical site because of the pandemic, but who were able to use their imagination and creativity to explore new ways of teaching and learning nursing and being a nurse. Humility and empathy are critically important aspects of imagination and creativity, particularly in nurse education. The authors also seek to consider these issues from a global perspective, thanks in part to the diversity and international backgrounds of the contributors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Unn Hidle
- Professor, Health Sciences Department, LaGuardia Community College, Queens, NY, USA
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13
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Abstract
The study described here is the process of caring for patients in a coma following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Iran. The data that were analyzed come from in-depth semistructured interviews of 20 key participants and associated memos and field notes. The MAXQDA 10 qualitative analysis software was used to assist with the coding of the data. Ten catagories and 26 subcategories were identified from the primary analysis, which fit well into four themes. The main themes that were identified were chaos and confusion, inconsistent quality, multilateral support, and improving care. The processes of caring for persons in a coma following a TBI were found to be an ever-changing, multidimensional, context-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Dehghan Nayeri
- Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ahmadi Chenari
- Assistant Professor, Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Ferdows School of Paramedical and Health, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Maryam Esmaeili
- Associate Professor, Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Farsi
- Associate Professor, Research and Community Health Department, Faculty of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Bahadur D, Baumann SL. Searching for Significance During a Pandemic: A Muslim Perspective. Nurs Sci Q 2021; 34:448-453. [PMID: 34538173 DOI: 10.1177/08943184211031597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors in this article seek to describe the importance of keeping one's beliefs and spiritual practices alive during the COVID-19 pandemic from a Muslim perspective, and it considers this challenge in light of the theory of religious coping and the growing literature on the benefits of mindfulness. It provides nurses and other healthcare providers a view into the beliefs and practices of a Muslim-American family and shows how faith practices can help people not only cope but grow in difficult times. Implications for nursing and healthcare are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College, City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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15
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Baumann SL. Innovative Communities: A Global Nursing Perspective. Nurs Sci Q 2021; 34:316-321. [PMID: 34212796 DOI: 10.1177/08943184211010475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The author in this article explores four innovations in communities that offer a place of welcome and growth while inviting all to see people, including those with intellectual or developmental challenges, elders, persons with dementia, and persons with chronic progressive diseases very differently than is widely assumed. These four innovative communities are L'Arche Homes and Communities, the Green House Model of Long-Term Care, the village of Hogeweyk, Holland, and Lyfebulb. Implications for nursing and healthcare are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Cummings J, Baumann SL. Understanding Shame as an Obstacle: Toward a Global Perspective. Nurs Sci Q 2021; 34:196-201. [PMID: 33749430 DOI: 10.1177/0894318420987186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, the authors suggest that shame is a barrier to many patients' willingness to disclose their history of trauma to nurses and other members of the healthcare team and that the clinicians participate in this withholding of information because of their experience of vicarious shame. The authors propose that shame and vicarious shame reduce the accuracy of assessment, limit the nurse-patient relationship, and reduce the ability of the healthcare teams to accurately diagnose and treat patients. Shame as a barrier to trauma assessment is also considered in light of the Roy adaptation model and from a global perspective. Implications for education, research, and nursing practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne Cummings
- Post-doctoral student, The Graduate School of The City University of New York, USA
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this article is to report the details of the humanbecoming hermeneutic sciencing of presence in In Harm's Way. Humanbecoming hermeneutic sciencing is dialoguing with an artform by discoursing with penetrating engaging, interpreting with quiescent beholding, and understanding with inspiring envisaging. The artform explored in this article is the comments and images of 60 nurses from around the world included in The New York Times story titled "In Harm's Way." The report is on the meaning of presence as lived and talked about by nurses on the front lines at the peak of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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18
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Thomas JS, Baumann SL. The Loss of a Parent to Suicide in Military Families. Nurs Sci Q 2020; 33:339-345. [PMID: 32940162 DOI: 10.1177/0894318420943142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper the authors explore the impact of loss of a parent to suicide on adolescents in military families using Marcia's identity status theory and the Roy adaptation model (RAM). After describing a brief case study of a 13-year-old boy in a military family who lost his father in this manner, these two theories are applied to better understand his struggle to develop and maintain a healthy identity and adapt to numerous relocations, deployments, and then loss. The military family stressors are seen as weakening the resilience of children in such families, making them more vulnerable to the impact of parent loss. Implications for nurses and other healthcare professionals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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19
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Abstract
Deliberating what is important, as a universal humanuniverse living experience, was investigated using the Parsesciencing mode of inquiry. Ten historians engaged in discussion to answer the question, "What is your experience of deliberating what is important?" The inquiry uncovered the discerning extant moment of deliberating what is important as follows: Deliberating what is important is arduous deciphering amid discordant proposals surfacing in untangled resolve with cultivating affiliations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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20
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Abstract
The authors of this article discuss the challenges that nurses in Iran face as they seek to advance the profession and healthcare in Iran. The challenges they face are shared by nurses in other nations in the region and to some degree globally, that is to say a significant nursing and nurse educator shortage, the aging of the nursing work force, and inadequate resources committed to the recruitment, education, and retention of a sufficient number of competent nurses to deal with the information explosion and rapidly changing workplace. Nurses in Iran have historically suffered from a low social status that has limited their voice in the country, despite having the BSN (Bachelor of Science in Nursing) as the entry to practice, and fine graduate and doctoral programs in the country. Efforts to address these challenges are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Ahmadi Chenari
- Instructor, Paramedical, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Ferdows, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Zakerimoghadam
- Associate Professor, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Pashaeypoor S, Baumann SL, Sadat Hoseini A, Cheraghi MA, Chenari HA. Identifying and Overcoming Barriers for Implementing Watson's Human Caring Science. Nurs Sci Q 2020; 32:239-244. [PMID: 31203774 DOI: 10.1177/0894318419845396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purposes of this paper are to identify and explore ways to overcome barriers to the implementation of Watson's human caring science in Iran. A literature search was done of PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct, Ovid, ProQuest, Web of science, and Google Scholar between 1991 and 2018 using the search terms Watson's theory, clinical nursing, nursing theory, barriers to using theory, and carative factors or processes, separately and in combination. Organizational-level, practitioner-level, and educational barriers were found, and solutions for each are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Pashaeypoor
- 1 Assistant Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran
| | - Steven L Baumann
- 2 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
| | - Akram Sadat Hoseini
- 1 Assistant Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Cheraghi
- 3 Professor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Ahmadi Chenari
- 4 Instructor, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Antille M, Bigler-Perrotin L, Baumann SL. Like a Rolling Stone. Nurs Sci Q 2020; 33:165-169. [PMID: 32180522 DOI: 10.1177/0894318419898165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suddenly hearing she had breast cancer, M.A., one of the authors, a nurse with discerning witness, ponders her experience of rolling stones. At the time she worked in a center dedicated to living humanbecoming with person-family-community concerned with a cancer illness. Humanbecoming paradigm was the specific discipline guiding the care in the center. Moment-to-moment, the author (M.A.) was moving with emerging meaningful experiences of having breast cancer, shapeshifting her living quality with surprising uncertainties. The humanbecoming principles structuring meaning, configuring rhythmical patterns, and cotranscending with the possibles illustrate her story with the metaphorical expression of mountains as meaningful in a Swiss novel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryrose Antille
- Ligue genevoise contre le cancer (Geneva League Against Cancer), Espace Médiane, GE, Switzerland
| | | | - Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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23
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Abstract
Unhealthy weight gain and diabetes are global challenges that threaten not only the well-beings of hundreds of millions of persons but also the global economy. The authors in this article describe two overlapping stories, one is about a 150-year-old diet, known as the Banting Diet, which is similar to the Atkins or Keto Diet, and the other is about a provider-patient relationship story that helped the patient make lifestyle modifications that were effective in significant weight loss, improved quality of life, and reduced need for exogenous insulin for Type 2 diabetes. Both of the stories are from England but might be useful worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Baumann SL. Engaging in Global Nursing Education. Nurs Sci Q 2019; 32:320-321. [PMID: 31514610 DOI: 10.1177/0894318419864340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The nursing profession in the Sultanate of Oman in the past 50 years has undergone considerable growth and development. Its modernization was assisted by visiting professors from outside the country and by sending some nurses to study abroad. Visiting nurses and nurse educators who go to work in countries like Oman should consider implementing the ethic behind the mission statement of Partners in Health, which holds a preferential option for the poor, rather than just considering global health as another international business or job opportunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Abstract
Trauma, unfortunately, is an all too common part of today's world. The construct posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been the dominant paradigm to guide researchers and clinicians in the United States and around the world in their efforts to understand and help persons who have experienced trauma. However, PTSD as a diagnosis and this theoretical construct has some problems and limitations, particularly when considered from a global perspective. The author explores the less widely studied construct of posttraumatic growth (PTG) as a phenomenon that avoids some of the problems of PTSD and asks the question: Does it represent a paradigm shift or a paradox? The author seeks to consider this issue from a global perspective and discusses Syrian refugees as a case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- 1 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Baumann SL, Bahadur D, Begonia K. The Art of Dying: A Global Nursing Perspective. Nurs Sci Q 2019; 32:148-152. [DOI: 10.1177/0894318419826248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to explore how people from diverse backgrounds and places, who are severely ill, disabled, or facing death, use art to help themselves and others not only make sense of such experiences but live fully with loss and the limited time remaining. The humanbecoming paradigm is used to provide a language to talk about Western and non-Western experiences of life-threatening illness, disability and death, and art. The persons discussed in the paper suggest that age and place, although influences, are not particularly relevant, nor is severe illness, even those associated with significant failing capacities, because they cannot contain the human spirit or relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Begonia
- Nursing Informatics Specialist: Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Velasco-Whetsell M, Baumann SL. Special Sorrow: Terminally Ill Children’s Experience of Their Parent’s Distress. Nurs Sci Q 2019; 32:135-139. [DOI: 10.1177/0894318419826319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The authors of this paper explore the distress that terminally ill children experience when they see the suffering their illness and dying is causing their parents. The authors refer to this experience as special sorrow. The conceptual framework that guides this reflection of the terminally ill child’s experience is the Roy adaptation model. The goal of this paper is to explore the concept of special sorrow as lived, so as to help nurses be with such children and their parents in a way that eases sorrow through effective adaptation and transcendence.
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Russo S, Baumann SL, Velasco-Whetsell M, Roy C. A Comparison of Two Case Studies Using the Roy Adaptation Model: Parents of Opioid-Dependent Adults and Bariatric Surgery. Nurs Sci Q 2019; 32:61-67. [PMID: 30798751 DOI: 10.1177/0894318418807943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The authors in this paper demonstrate the utility and versatility of the Roy Adaptation Model (RAM) as applied to two contemporary case studies. The first case uses the RAM model to gain understanding and guide nursing practice to assist the parents of a young adult with an opioid use disorder and depression, and the second case involves using the RAM model to help a woman who recently had bariatric surgery cope and adapt postoperatively in a way that helps her maximize the benefits of having had that procedure. The authors discuss how the RAM provides a holistic approach that can be used to provide high-quality, comprehensive nursing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Russo
- 1 Chair and Director, Nursing, Touro College, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Steven L Baumann
- 2 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
| | | | - Callista Roy
- 4 Adjunct Professor, Mount St. Mary's University, Los Angeles, USA
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Baumann SL. Lost in Translation: The Promise and Problems of the Globalization of Research. Nurs Sci Q 2019; 32:68-72. [PMID: 30798758 DOI: 10.1177/0894318418807927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to consider the promise and problems of the globalization of research for nurses and other healthcare professionals. Over the past decade, there has been an impressive increase in research activity in many regions of the world, such as in several of the Asian countries. This increasing capacity to conduct research and create innovations has great promise for shared health, prosperity, and well-being, but it also has some significant problems and limitations that are often not reported. One area of research that has drawn considerable international research attention is aging and longevity. In the United States, there is much to learn from the work of international colleagues in terms of clinical application; it is unclear how generalizable the findings are or, in other words, what may be lost in translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- 1 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Abstract
In light of the technological, social, and political changes taking place in the world today, it is important that nurses are not just culturally competent but globally informed and engaged. The goal of this paper is to help nurses help their patients and themselves to benefit from globalization. The use of guided simulation, virtual reality, and augmented reality learning experiences is considered for each of five areas of global nursing; global aesthetics, global intelligence, global ethics, global politics, and global health. This approach invites nurses and student nurses to discern new patterns, take charge of their learning, and build multiple iterations to facilitate the processing of new and different information and "realities."
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- 1 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - Leighsa Sharoff
- 2 Associate Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Penalo
- 3 Nursing Instructor, Monroe College School of Nursing, Bronx, NY, USA
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Baumann SL, Jacobowitz W, Tanzi D, Lewis TA, Krepp MJ, Levy E. A Study of the Use of Psychopharmacologic Agents by Acutely Medically Ill Older Adults. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2018; 39:439-444. [PMID: 29370545 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2017.1395498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study sought to investigate issues related to the safety of psychopharmacological agents used by acutely medically ill hospitalized older adults. It explored if there were any associations between commonly prescribed psychiatric medications that medically ill hospitalized older adults received and adverse events. It also sought to compare the safety of antidepressants, sedative/hypnotics, and antipsychotics, when used as a standing (on a preset schedule) and as needed pro re nata (PRN) basis. The study found that psychopharmacological agents are frequently prescribed for medically ill hospitalized older adults. No statistically significant difference was found as far as safety was concerned. The number of PRN medications that were used, and the total number of medications was associated with increased risk of transfer within the hospital to a higher level of care or transfer upon discharge to long-term-care/rehabilitation or hospice. Overall, the use of psychopharmacological agents did not appear to be related to serious adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- a Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York, Hunter College , New York City , New York , USA
| | - William Jacobowitz
- b Nursing and Public Health, College of Nursing and Public Health , Adelphi University , Garden City , New York , USA
| | - Donna Tanzi
- c Nursing Education, Nursing Education & Innovation , Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health System , Huntington , New York , USA
| | - Tricia A Lewis
- d Nursing Education , Southside Hospital, Northwell Health System , Bay Shore , New York , USA
| | - Margaret J Krepp
- e Employee Health , Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health System , Huntington , New York , USA
| | - Eileen Levy
- f Psychiatry , Huntington Hospital , Huntington , New York , USA
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Abstract
Globalization is a fact of modern life and healthcare that comes with various challenges and opportunities. After telling the story of one nurse's experience of working with Healthy Kids, Brighter Future in Zambia, the authors of this paper discuss five elements of being a global nurse. The five elements are global: aesthetics, intelligence, ethics, politics, and health. Implications for nursing and nursing education are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- 1 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
| | - Devorah Goldberg
- 2 Nurse, NYU Langone Health/ Perelman Emergency Department, New York City, NY, USA
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Abstract
The authors in this article explore the experiences of eight South Korean nurses
during an outbreak of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), which took
place in the fall of 2015. These nurses were mandated to remain in isolation in
an intensive care unit (ICU) dedicated to the treatment of the patients with the
MERS virus for 7 days. Parse’s humanbecoming theory was used to frame the
discussion. Three themes found in the nurse’s stories are discussed: feeling
hopeless and cut off, feeling shame and overworked, and feeling pride in
fulfilling a duty. The nurses discuss how they overcame the difficulties of
their situation, which ultimately reinforced their identities as nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sook-Bin Im
- 1 Professor & Dean, College of Nursing, Eulji University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Steven L Baumann
- 2 Professor, Hunter College of the City, University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
| | - Mina Ahn
- 3 Headnurse, Department of Nursing, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyunok Kim
- 4 Nurse, Department of Nursing, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Bock-Hui Youn
- 5 Team manager, Department of Infection control, Eulji University Hospital, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - MinKyoung Park
- 6 Assistant Professor, Department of Nursing, Koje College, Geoje-si, South Korea
| | - Ok-Ja Lee
- 7 Director, Suprigajung, Daejeon, South Korea
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Abstract
The use of pro re nata (PRN) medications are a routine part of the treatment provided to most hospitalized older adults. The purpose of this article is to review the risks and benefits of using PRN medications in the acutely medically ill hospitalized older adult. After the discussion of a case study, recommendations are provided nurses and prescribers to reduce the risk of short and long term adverse consequences for the senior in the acute care hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, 425, East 25th Street, NYC, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Nina Greif
- Psychiatry Department, Huntington Hospital, 270 Park Ave, Huntington, NY 11743, USA.
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Abstract
This paper tells the story of a mother's loss of her 10-year-old daughter from cancer. It is in part a pain and suffering narrative and a story of remarkable post-loss growth and transformation. It is a story told for busy parents and multitasking nurses, to all of us who need to relearn how to be attentive to others, particularly our children. The woman who tells the story is one of the authors (M.V.-W.); she is a Mexican-American. The paper is based on two interviews of M.V.-W., using questions similar to those used by one of the authors (S.L.B.) with his study of fathers and sibling. Following the interviews is a brief discussion on the loss of a child from a humanbecoming perspective, with a few comments on the immigration of nurses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- 1 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, NY, USA
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the living experience of feeling playful. Parse's research method was used to answer the question: What is the structure of the living experience of feeling playful? The participants were 10 persons, ages 9 to 83, living in the United States. The central finding of the study is the living experience of feeling playful is entertaining amusements amid burdens with uplifting endeavors strengthening affiliations with blissful moments of unfettered unfolding. The living experience of feeling playful is discussed in relation to the principles of the humanbecoming paradigm and in relation to how it can inform further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donna Tanzi
- 2 Director, Nursing Education & Innovation, Huntington Hospital, Northwell Health System
| | - Tricia A Lewis
- 3 Director of Education, Southside Hospital, Northwell Health System
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Abstract
Research involving persons with cognitive changes associated with aging, including dementia, has increased dramatically in the past two decades, motivated in large part by an increasing number of older adults with such issues. Velzke in the paper that follows this introduction discusses why it is important and how to include older adults as participants in research. While focused primarily on elders and their caregivers in Scotland, the topic is a globally important one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- 1 Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The focus of this report was graduate nursing students’ reflections on elder and end-of-life care for prisoners. The personal reflections of 21 graduate nursing students who attended a presentation by Susan J. Loeb on October 26, 2016 were included in this report. The title of the presentation was “Enhancing End-of-Life Care for Prisoners Through Partnering With the Prison Community.” The student essays were synthesized to construct a summary essay, from which four themes were identified: aging in prison, dying in prison, ethical and professional issues in the elder and end-of-life care of prisoners, and ethical and professional issues in research involving elderly and end-of-life care of prisoners. These findings were interpreted from a global perspective in light of two different nursing perspectives: the humanbecoming tradition and the science of unitary human beings.
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Abstract
The civil war in Syria that began in 2011 has displaced millions of Syrians of all ages. While the number that have arrived in the United States is small in comparison to many other countries, it is important that nurses and other healthcare workers here understand that many of them have faced considerable trauma and endured stresses. Most of them are Muslims. Muslims in the United States and elsewhere represent a heterogeneous group of people with a long intellectual and cultural history. Islamic cultural patterns do pose unique barriers to a primarily Anglo-Saxon medical system that medical practitioners need to consider in order to avoid misunderstanding and provide culturally sensitive care. The authors discuss the Syrian refugee crisis and the experience of being a Muslim or Arab American patient in U.S. healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmihan Almontaser
- Clinical Nurse Educator, Post-Anesthesia Care Unit, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Abstract
Transforming nursing education is a current focus across the country, the result of recent national reports that have made significant contributions for evaluating and changing curricula and ways students are taught. However, the need to ground these strategies for change within our discipline’s ontological foundation through nursing theory must be addressed. The purpose of this article is to use Parse’s Humanbecoming Paradigm to provide educators with exemplars of discipline-specific theory-based changes across educational levels. The exemplars are situated within the important tensions that educators face today in undergraduate, advanced practice, and doctoral programs. Conclusions are drawn regarding continuing efforts to ensure that nurse educators incorporate discipline-relevant theories when transforming nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Donohue-Porter
- Associate Professor & Director of the PhD Program, Adelphi University College of Nursing & Public Health, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Maryann O. Forbes
- Associate Professor & Chair, Department of Adult Health, Adelphi University College of Nursing & Public Health, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Jane H. White
- Vera E. Bender Professor of Nursing & Associate Dean for Research, Adelphi University College of Nursing & Public Health, Garden City, NY, USA
| | - Steven L. Baumann
- Professor, Hunter College and the Graduate Center, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The authors of this paper discuss the use of participatory and visual research methods with older adults with daily care needs in the United Kingdom. The comments made by older adults and their caregivers in focus groups provided the narrative for this paper. The authors also discuss how to engage older adults in participatory research. Nursing research and practice both involve evaluating processes to gain a holistic understanding of patients through multiple means of data collection. In other words, how do nurses give voice to otherwise silent older adults, even in cases when their strength and recall is failing?
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Velzke
- Postgraduate Research Candidate, Dementia and Social Gerontology Research Group, School of Applied Social Science, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the living experience of suffering. Parse's research method was used to answer the question: What is the structure of the living experience of suffering? The participants were 10 community-dwelling older adults living in the United States. The central finding of the study is as follows: The living experience of suffering is resolve amid permeating anguish of diverse affiliations with the blissful reprieve of tranquil acquiescence. The living experience of suffering is discussed in relation to the principles of the humanbecoming paradigm and in relation to how it can inform further research.
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Abstract
The plight of the people of Haiti that came to the world's attention following the devastating earthquake there in 2010 has for the most part receded into the background amid other issues despite their continuing economic and health problems. The purpose of this article is to explore the experiences of the first graduate nurse students in Haiti. The program is funded and operated by a nonprofit, nongovernment nursing organization, Promoting Health in Haiti, based in New York City. A narrative was generated by doing focus groups and interviews with 10 of the students in the program. Three themes found in the narrative are pressing on amid uncertainty and unanswered questions, living and learning amid competing responsibilities, and enjoying support while learning new skills that can make a difference. The implications for graduate nurse education in low-resource countries are discussed.
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Baumann SL. A Human Science View of Behavioral Health. Nurs Sci Q 2016; 29:160-2. [PMID: 26980896 DOI: 10.1177/0894318416630093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
An exclusively quantitative public health approach to substance use in Mexico is criticized here as being of limited use to nurses working as clinicians with persons, families, and communities struggling with this issue. Three human science-based studies from three different countries are discussed to serve as options for addressing this limitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Baumann
- Associate Professor, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York,
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Abstract
Changes in nursing in Hong Kong over the past decade have had more to do with the changes in the world and the region’s economy and population than the changes instituted by the Republic of China. Hong Kong’s nearly 7 million people’s health is, like in other places, threatened by a shortage of skilled and experienced nurses. Hong Kong’s three major university-based nursing programs, if they can work together creatively, have the potential to avert a decline in quality of healthcare in Hong Kong and advance nursing at the same time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College of the City University of New York, Williston Park, New York 11596, USA.
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Abstract
There has been a dramatic increase in the number of persons with dementia in Korea, and the number is expected to continue to increase. Dementia is increasingly a condition for which there are effective treatments and services. Because most adults work full-time in addition to having other family responsibilities, the government of Korea and the community are more involved in helping persons with dementia, than in the past. Nurses are needed to help with dementia research, public policy, education, and healthcare in Korea and elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Hee Ko
- College of Nursing, Chonbuk National University, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L. Baumann
- Hunter Bellevue School of Nursing, Hunter College, City University of New York
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Abstract
Nursing in Korea with support from the federal government is shifting focus to better address the needs of an aging population, in particular the increasing number of persons with dementia. The family in Korea is struggling to balance family caregiving obligations with the demands of employment in a competitive world economy. Nurses are in an ideal position to not only teach families how best to assist family members with dementia but also how to find meaning in caregiving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Baumann
- Hunter College, City University of New York, Williston Park, New York 11596, USA.
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Abstract
Nurses in Israel struggle with many of the same problems faced by nurses in other parts of the world, such as increased use of technology, overwhelming amounts of information, and demands for high quality of services to larger numbers of people within tighter budgets. In addition to the aging of the general population, the country has welcomed large numbers of immigrants. The nation's expenditures for healthcare and nursing education have, at times, had to take a back seat to the government's efforts to house new immigrants, to relocate groups, and to defend the nation against politically motivated violence and attacks. All of this is in the context of regional conflicts and international debates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mally Ehrenfeld
- Nursing Department, School of Health Professions, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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