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Ambridge B, Doherty L, Maitreyee R, Tatsumi T, Zicherman S, Mateo Pedro P, Kawakami A, Bidgood A, Pye C, Narasimhan B, Arnon I, Bekman D, Efrati A, Fabiola Can Pixabaj S, Marroquín Pelíz M, Julajuj Mendoza M, Samanta S, Campbell S, McCauley S, Berman R, Misra Sharma D, Bhaya Nair R, Fukumura K. Testing a computational model of causative overgeneralizations: Child judgment and production data from English, Hebrew, Hindi, Japanese and K'iche'. Open Res Eur 2022; 1:1. [PMID: 37645154 PMCID: PMC10446094 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13008.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
How do language learners avoid the production of verb argument structure overgeneralization errors ( *The clown laughed the man c.f. The clown made the man laugh), while retaining the ability to apply such generalizations productively when appropriate? This question has long been seen as one that is both particularly central to acquisition research and particularly challenging. Focussing on causative overgeneralization errors of this type, a previous study reported a computational model that learns, on the basis of corpus data and human-derived verb-semantic-feature ratings, to predict adults' by-verb preferences for less- versus more-transparent causative forms (e.g., * The clown laughed the man vs The clown made the man laugh) across English, Hebrew, Hindi, Japanese and K'iche Mayan. Here, we tested the ability of this model (and an expanded version with multiple hidden layers) to explain binary grammaticality judgment data from children aged 4;0-5;0, and elicited-production data from children aged 4;0-5;0 and 5;6-6;6 ( N=48 per language). In general, the model successfully simulated both children's judgment and production data, with correlations of r=0.5-0.6 and r=0.75-0.85, respectively, and also generalized to unseen verbs. Importantly, learners of all five languages showed some evidence of making the types of overgeneralization errors - in both judgments and production - previously observed in naturalistic studies of English (e.g., *I'm dancing it). Together with previous findings, the present study demonstrates that a simple learning model can explain (a) adults' continuous judgment data, (b) children's binary judgment data and (c) children's production data (with no training of these datasets), and therefore constitutes a plausible mechanistic account of the acquisition of verbs' argument structure restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ambridge
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- ESRC International Centre for Language and Communicative Development (LuCiD), Liverpool, UK
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- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dani Bekman
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Efrati
- Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Soumitra Samanta
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- ESRC International Centre for Language and Communicative Development (LuCiD), Liverpool, UK
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Kerr K, Valladares A, Kilgore K, Sulo S, McCauley S, Partridge J. Improving Nutrition Care Processes and 30-day Readmissions Through Malnutrition Quality Improvement Initiatives. J Acad Nutr Diet 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2020.06.226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ambridge B, Maitreyee R, Tatsumi T, Doherty L, Zicherman S, Pedro PM, Bannard C, Samanta S, McCauley S, Arnon I, Bekman D, Efrati A, Berman R, Narasimhan B, Sharma DM, Nair RB, Fukumura K, Campbell S, Pye C, Pixabaj SFC, Pelíz MM, Mendoza MJ. The crosslinguistic acquisition of sentence structure: Computational modeling and grammaticality judgments from adult and child speakers of English, Japanese, Hindi, Hebrew and K'iche'. Cognition 2020; 202:104310. [PMID: 32623135 PMCID: PMC7397526 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This preregistered study tested three theoretical proposals for how children form productive yet restricted linguistic generalizations, avoiding errors such as *The clown laughed the man, across three age groups (5-6 years, 9-10 years, adults) and five languages (English, Japanese, Hindi, Hebrew and K'iche'). Participants rated, on a five-point scale, correct and ungrammatical sentences describing events of causation (e.g., *Someone laughed the man; Someone made the man laugh; Someone broke the truck; ?Someone made the truck break). The verb-semantics hypothesis predicts that, for all languages, by-verb differences in acceptability ratings will be predicted by the extent to which the causing and caused event (e.g., amusing and laughing) merge conceptually into a single event (as rated by separate groups of adult participants). The entrenchment and preemption hypotheses predict, for all languages, that by-verb differences in acceptability ratings will be predicted by, respectively, the verb's relative overall frequency, and frequency in nearly-synonymous constructions (e.g., X made Y laugh for *Someone laughed the man). Analysis using mixed effects models revealed that entrenchment/preemption effects (which could not be distinguished due to collinearity) were observed for all age groups and all languages except K'iche', which suffered from a thin corpus and showed only preemption sporadically. All languages showed effects of event-merge semantics, except K'iche' which showed only effects of supplementary semantic predictors. We end by presenting a computational model which successfully simulates this pattern of results in a single discriminative-learning mechanism, achieving by-verb correlations of around r = 0.75 with human judgment data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Ambridge
- University of Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; ESRC International Centre for Language and Communicative Development (LuCiD).
| | - Ramya Maitreyee
- University of Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Laura Doherty
- University of Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | | | - Colin Bannard
- University of Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Soumitra Samanta
- University of Liverpool, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; ESRC International Centre for Language and Communicative Development (LuCiD)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kumiko Fukumura
- University of Stirling, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | | | - Clifton Pye
- University of Kansas, United States of America
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McCauley S, Mezynski J, Mcaleese J. Oligometastases in extensive disease-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(20)30180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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McCauley S, O'Connell B, Lyons C, Evans R. EP-1309 Are OAR dose constraints for radical 3DCRT breast plans achievable? A one-year retrospective review. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)31729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Naing A, Infante J, Wong D, Korn W, Aljumaily R, Papadopoulos K, Autio K, Pant S, Bauer T, Drakaki A, Daver N, Hung A, Verma R, Ratti N, McCauley S, Van Vlasselaer P, Tannir M, Oft M. Overall responses and survival in RCC on pegilodecakin with anti-PD-1. Eur J Cancer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2019.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Khan M, McCauley S, Pratt K, Whitmire M, Blancato R. ADVANCING PATIENT-CENTERED MALNUTRITION CARE TRANSITIONS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Khan
- Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics
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Ratti N, Shifrin N, McCauley S, Verma R, Van Vlasselaer P, Oft M, Leveque J. Combination of pegilodecakin and docetaxel shows synergy in tumor rejection in immune resistant TNBC model. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy288.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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McCauley S, Tumelty K, Eakin R, Harney J, Young L, McAleese J, Hanna G. EP-1398: Isolated Nodal Failure rates following curative intent radiotherapy in a modern cohort. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)31707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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McCauley S, Tumelty K, Hanna G, Eakin R, Harney J, Johnston R, McAleese J. Rate of marginal relapse following curative intent radiotherapy in a modern cohort. Lung Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0169-5002(18)30181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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McCauley S, Khan M. Learning Collaborative 2.0: Achieving Optimal Malnutrition Care. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Buelsing D, Khan M, McCauley S. Evaluating the Standards of Excellence Metric Tool. J Acad Nutr Diet 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2017.06.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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McCauley S, McCloskey P, Lyons C, Brown K, Rooney K, Houghton F. Should all oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas be stratified by HPV p16 status? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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McCauley S, McCloskey P, Lyons C, Brown K, Rooney K, Houghton F. PO-105: Is there justification for age bias in HPV p16 testing for Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma? Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)30239-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Khan M, McCauley S. Advancing the Academy’s Quality Initiatives. J Acad Nutr Diet 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2016.06.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Khan M, McCauley S. Building The Academy’s Quality Initiatives. J Acad Nutr Diet 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2015.06.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Price J, Kent S, Antine S, Cox S, Klein C, McCauley S, Byrne C. Standards of Excellence in Nutrition and Dietetics for Organizations. J Acad Nutr Diet 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2013.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Moretti P, McCauley S, Wilde E, Levin H, Clifton G. Predictive Validity and Sensitivity to Change of the Neurological Outcome Scale for Traumatic Brain Injury (S49.002). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.s49.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Soury S, Mazaux JM, Lambert J, De Seze M, Joseph PA, Lozes-Boudillon S, McCauley S, Vanier M, Levin HS. [The neurobehavioral rating scale-revised: assessment of concurrent validity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 48:61-70. [PMID: 15748770 DOI: 10.1016/j.annrmp.2004.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2004] [Accepted: 08/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cognitive and behavioral impairment are a major source of disability in daily living of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The Neurobehavioral Rating Scale-Revised (NRS-R) is a short, easy-to administer interview tool developed to improve assessment by clinicians. Data are available on its criterion validity and reliability, but the concurrent validity of the French NRS-R was not yet documented. OBJECTIVE To assess the concurrent validity of the NRS-R with current psychometric tests. METHOD One hundred and four patients with TBI enrolled in a community adjustment program underwent concurrent examination with the NRS-R, cognitive tests assessing memory, attention, and executive functions, and scales of anxiety (STAI) and depressive mood (CES-D). Intercorrelations were undertaken between these variables and the five factors of the NRS-R: F1, intentional behavior; F2, lowered emotional state; F3, survival-oriented behaviour/hightened emotional state; F4, arousal state; and F5, language. Patients were 82 men and 22 women, the mean age was 28.5 years, and 70% had severe TBI (Glasgow coma score [GCS] below 8 on admission). They were assessed 52 months on average after their injury. RESULTS Factor F1 was correlated with results on the GCS (P<0.05), the Tower of London test (TL, P<0.01), the Trail Making Test (TMT, P<0.01), divided attention (DA) and inhibition (IN) subscales of the Zimmermann and Fimm's Attention battery (TEA) (P<0.01) and reverse digit span (DS, P<0.05). Factor F2 was positively related to age at injury, time since injury (TSI) (P<0.05) and CESD and STAI scores (P<0.001). Factor F3 was related to DA (P<0.01) TL scores and TSI (P<0.05). Factor F4 was related to TL, TMT, DA, flexibility, DS (P<0.05), TSI, duration of post-traumatic amnesia, CES-D score (P<0.05) and STAI scores (P<0.01). Factor F5 was related to GCS, DA (P<0.05), and reaction time on the subscales IN and Go/nogo (GO) of the TEA battery (P<0.01). The NRS-R total score was related to CESD, STAI scores, TMT score, DA (P<0.01) and TL score, IN and GO scores and TSI (P<0.05). DISCUSSION As McCauley et al found with the English version of the NRS-R, significant relationships were found between NRS-R factor scores, cognitive tests and emotional scales. Relationships were also found between factor scores and indicators of injury severity and time since injury. These data suggest fair concurrent validity of the NRS-R.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soury
- Unité UEROS, service MP réadaptation, hôpital Pellegrin, CHU de Bordeaux, 33076 Bordeaux, France
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Lo Y, Mardirossian G, Cicchetti G, McCauley S, Fisher G, FitzGerald T. Dose coverage evaluation and comparison between 2D and 3D planning for patients with breast cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(02)03470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Clifton GL, Miller ER, Choi SC, Levin HS, McCauley S, Smith KR, Muizelaar JP, Wagner FC, Marion DW, Luerssen TG, Chesnut RM, Schwartz M. Lack of effect of induction of hypothermia after acute brain injury. N Engl J Med 2001; 344:556-63. [PMID: 11207351 DOI: 10.1056/nejm200102223440803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 857] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Induction of hypothermia in patients with brain injury was shown to improve outcomes in small clinical studies, but the results were not definitive. To study this issue, we conducted a multicenter trial comparing the effects of hypothermia with those of normothermia in patients with acute brain injury. METHODS The study subjects were 392 patients 16 to 65 years of age with coma after sustaining closed head injuries who were randomly assigned to be treated with hypothermia (body temperature, 33 degrees C), which was initiated within 6 hours after injury and maintained for 48 hours by means of surface cooling, or normothermia. All patients otherwise received standard treatment. The primary outcome measure was functional status six months after the injury. RESULTS The mean age of the patients and the type and severity of injury in the two treatment groups were similar. The mean (+/-SD) time from injury to randomization was 4.3+/-1.1 hours in the hypothermia group and 4.1+/-1.2 hours in the normothermia group, and the mean time from injury to the achievement of the target temperature of 33 degrees C in the hypothermia group was 8.4+/-3.0 hours. The outcome was poor (defined as severe disability, a vegetative state, or death) in 57 percent of the patients in both groups. Mortality was 28 percent in the hypothermia group and 27 percent in the normothermia group (P=0.79). The patients in the hypothermia group had more hospital days with complications than the patients in the normothermia group. Fewer patients in the hypothermia group had high intracranial pressure than in the normothermia group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with hypothermia, with the body temperature reaching 33 degrees C within eight hours after injury, is not effective in improving outcomes in patients with severe brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L Clifton
- Vivian L Smith Center for Neurologic Research, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, 77030, USA.
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Kalin RM, Hamilton JT, Harper DB, Miller LG, Lamb C, Kennedy JT, Downey A, McCauley S, Goldstein AH. Continuous flow stable isotope methods for study of delta(13)C fractionation during halomethane production and degradation. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2001; 15:357-363. [PMID: 11241767 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/MS/IRMS) methods for delta(13)C measurement of the halomethanes CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I and methanethiol (CH(3)SH) during studies of their biological production, biological degradation, and abiotic reactions are presented. Optimisation of gas chromatographic parameters allowed the identification and quantification of CO(2), O(2), CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I and CH(3)SH from a single sample, and also the concurrent measurement of delta(13)C for each of the halomethanes and methanethiol. Precision of delta(13)C measurements for halomethane standards decreased (+/-0.3, +/-0.5 and +/-1.3 per thousand) with increasing mass (CH(3)Cl, CH(3)Br, CH(3)I, respectively). Given that carbon isotope effects during biological production, biological degradation and some chemical (abiotic) reactions can be as much as 100 per thousand, stable isotope analysis offers a precise method to study the global sources and sinks of these halogenated compounds that are of considerable importance to our understanding of stratospheric ozone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Kalin
- Environmental Engineering Research Centre, School of Civil Engineering, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, UK.
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Abstract
Quartz grains that appear to have been shock-metamorphosed occur within three closely spaced shale beds from the uppermost Triassic ("Rhaetian") Calcare a Rhaetavicula in the Northern Apennines of Italy. The upper shale coincides with the abrupt termination of the distinctive, uppermost Triassic Rhaetavicula fauna and is overlain by the Hettangian (Lower Jurassic) Calcare Massiccio; no extinctions appear to be associated with the two lower layers, which occur 1.2 and 2.4 meters below the boundary shale. Approximately 5 to 10% of the quartz grains within these layers exhibit one or more sets of planar deformational features whose orientations cluster around the rational crystallographic planes (basal, omega, and pi) most commonly observed in shocked quartz. Textural and stratigraphic observations support an interpretation of at least three closely spaced impacts at the end of the Triassic.
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McCauley S. Part-time nursing service in small industry. Am Assoc Ind Nurses J 1967; 15:7-12. [PMID: 6031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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