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Yan H, Yu CC, Fine SA, Youssof AL, Yang YR, Yan J, Karg DC, Cheung EC, Friedman RA, Ying H, Chen EI, Luo J, Miao Y, Qiu W, Su GH. Loss of the wild-type KRAS allele promotes pancreatic cancer progression through functional activation of YAP1. Oncogene 2021; 40:6759-6771. [PMID: 34663879 PMCID: PMC8688281 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harboring one KRAS mutant allele often displays increasing genomic loss of the remaining wild-type (WT) allele (known as LOH at KRAS) as tumors progress to metastasis, yet the molecular ramification of this WT allelic loss is unknown. In this study, we showed that the restoration of WT KRAS expression in human PDAC cell lines with LOH at KRAS significantly attenuated the malignancy of PDAC cells both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating a tumor-suppressive role of the WT KRAS allele. Through RNA-Seq, we identified the HIPPO signaling pathway to be positively regulated by WT KRAS in PDAC cells. In accordance with this observation, PDAC cells with LOH at KRAS exhibited increased nuclear localization and activation of transcriptional co-activator YAP1. Mechanistically, we discovered that WT KRAS expression sequestered YAP1 from the nucleus, through enhanced 14-3-3zeta interaction with phosphorylated YAP1 at S127. Consistently, expression of a constitutively-active YAP1 mutant in PDAC cells bypassed the growth inhibitory effects of WT KRAS. In patient samples, we found that the YAP1-activation genes were significantly upregulated in tumors with LOH at KRAS, and YAP1 nuclear localization predicted poor survival for PDAC patients. Collectively, our results reveal that the WT allelic loss leads to functional activation of YAP1 and enhanced tumor malignancy, which explains the selection advantage of the tumor cells with LOH at KRAS during pancreatic cancer clonal evolution and progression to metastasis, and should be taken into consideration in future therapeutic strategies targeting KRAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yan
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chih-Chieh Yu
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stuart A Fine
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ayman Lee Youssof
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ye-Ran Yang
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, TJ, China
| | - Dillon C Karg
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edwin C Cheung
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard A Friedman
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Biomedical Informatics Shared Resource, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Haoqiang Ying
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology Department, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Emily I Chen
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yi Miao
- Pancreas Center & Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanglong Qiu
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gloria H Su
- The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Pancreas Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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Garcia-Carracedo D, Yu CC, Akhavan N, Fine SA, Schönleben F, Maehara N, Karg DC, Xie C, Qiu W, Fine RL, Remotti HE, Su GH. Smad4 loss synergizes with TGFα overexpression in promoting pancreatic metaplasia, PanIN development, and fibrosis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120851. [PMID: 25803032 PMCID: PMC4372593 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS While overexpression of TGFα has been reported in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), mice with overexpressed TGFα develop premalignant pancreatic acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM) but not PDAC. TGF-β signaling pathway is pivotal to the development of PDAC and tissue fibrosis. Here we sought to investigate the interplay between TGFα and TGF-β signaling in pancreatic tumorigenesis and fibrosis, namely via Smad4 inactivation. METHODS The MT-TGFα mouse was crossed with a new Smad4 conditional knock-out mouse (Smad4flox/flox;p48-Cre or S4) to generate Smad4flox/flox;MT-TGFα;p48-Cre (STP). After TGFα overexpression was induced with zinc sulfate water for eight months, the pancreata of the STP, MT-TGFα, and S4 mice were examined for tumor development and fibrotic responses. PanIN lesions and number of ducts were counted, and proliferation was measured by Ki67 immunohistochemistry (IHC). Qualitative analysis of fibrosis was analyzed by Trichrome Masson and Sirius Red staining, while vimentin was used for quantification. Expression analyses of fibrosis, pancreatitis, or desmoplasia associated markers (α-SMA, Shh, COX-2, Muc6, Col1a1, and Ctgf) were performed by IHC and/or qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our STP mice exhibited advanced ADM, increased fibrosis, increased numbers of PanIN lesions, overexpression of chronic pancreatitis-related marker Muc6, and elevated expression of desmoplasia-associated marker Col1A1, compared to the MT-TGFα mice. The inactivation of Smad4 in the exocrine compartment was responsible for both the enhanced PanIN formation and fibrosis in the pancreas. The phenotype of the STP mice represents a transient state from ADMs to PanINs, closely mimicking the interface area seen in human chronic pancreatitis associated with PDAC. CONCLUSION We have documented a novel mouse model, the STP mice, which displayed histologic presentations reminiscent to those of human chronic pancreatitis with signs of early tumorigenesis. The STP mice could be a suitable animal model for interrogating the transition of chronic pancreatitis to pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Garcia-Carracedo
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chih-Chieh Yu
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathan Akhavan
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Stuart A Fine
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank Schönleben
- The Department of Vascular Surgery in the Hospital of the University of Munich, Grosshadern, Germany
| | - Naoki Maehara
- Department of Surgical Oncology and Regulation of Organ Function, Miyazaki University School of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Dillon C Karg
- Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chuangao Xie
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Wanglong Qiu
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert L Fine
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Pancreas Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Helen E Remotti
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Department of Surgical Oncology and Regulation of Organ Function, Miyazaki University School of Medicine, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Gloria H Su
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Pancreas Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America; Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
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Garcia-Carracedo D, Turk AT, Fine SA, Akhavan N, Tweel BC, Parsons R, Chabot JA, Allendorf JD, Genkinger JM, Remotti HE, Su GH. Loss of PTEN expression is associated with poor prognosis in patients with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:6830-41. [PMID: 24132918 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-0624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previously, we reported PIK3CA gene mutations in high-grade intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN). However, the contribution of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway (PI3K) dysregulation to pancreatic carcinogenesis is not fully understood and its prognostic value unknown. We investigated the dysregulation of the PI3K signaling pathway in IPMN and its clinical implication. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Thirty-six IPMN specimens were examined by novel mutant-enriched sequencing methods for hot-spot mutations in the PIK3CA and AKT1 genes. PIK3CA and AKT1 gene amplifications and loss of heterozygosity at the PTEN locus were also evaluated. In addition, the expression levels of PDPK1/PDK1, PTEN, and Ki67 were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Three cases carrying the E17K mutation in the AKT1 gene and one case harboring the H1047R mutation in the PIK3CA gene were detected among the 36 cases. PDK1 was significantly overexpressed in the high-grade IPMN versus low-grade IPMN (P = 0.034) and in pancreatic and intestinal-type of IPMN versus gastric-type of IPMN (P = 0.020). Loss of PTEN expression was strongly associated with presence of invasive carcinoma and poor survival in these IPMN patients (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION This is the first report of AKT1 mutations in IPMN. Our data indicate that oncogenic activation of the PI3K pathway can contribute to the progression of IPMN, in particular loss of PTEN expression. This finding suggests the potential employment of PI3K pathway-targeted therapies for IPMN patients. The incorporation of PTEN expression status in making surgical decisions may also benefit IPMN patients and should warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Garcia-Carracedo
- Authors' Affiliations: Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center; Departments of Pathology, Surgery, and Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery; Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Medical Center; and The Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Ravin
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Erwin Rd, Box 3808, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Fine SA, Frohman LA. Loss of central nervous system component of dopaminergic inhibition of prolactin secretion in patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors. J Clin Invest 1978; 61:973-80. [PMID: 659585 PMCID: PMC372615 DOI: 10.1172/jci109022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of l-dopa suppresses prolactin (PRL) secretion in normal subjects and in patients with hyperprolactinemia, although it is not known whether this effect, which requires the conversion of dopa to dopamine, is mediated peripherally or through the central nervous system. To distinguish between these effects, 10 normal subjects (6 male, 4 female) and 8 patients with hyperprolactinemia associated with pituitary tumors were given l-dopa, 0.5 g alone, or 0.1 g after a 24-h pretreatment with carbidopa, 50 mg every 6 h, which produces peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibition. Similar degrees of PRL suppression were observed in normal subjects (basal plasma PRL 13+/-2 ng/ml) after l-dopa alone (48+/-4%) and after l-dopa plus carbidopa (58+/-6%). In patients with pituitary tumors and elevated plasma PRL (73+/-14 ng/ml), l-dopa alone led to PRL suppression comparable with that in normal subjects (47+/-6%). However, l-dopa plus carbidopa resulted in only minimal suppression of plasma PRL (19+/-4%) which was significantly less than after l-dopa alone (P < 0.001). Urinary homovanillic acid excretion, which reflected peripheral dopa decarboxylation was similar in controls and tumor patients after l-dopa both alone and after carbidopa pretreatment. Comparable suppression of PRL levels in response to a dopamine infusion (4 mug/kg per min for 3 h) was observed in controls and tumor patients. The results indicate that although peripheral conversion of exogenous dopa to dopamine can suppress PRL secretion, in normals, the central nervous system conversion of dopa to dopamine in the presence of peripheral dopa decarboxylase inhibition is sufficient to account for its PRL-suppressive effects. In contrast, patients with tumors, while retaining peripheral dopaminergic inhibitory effects on PRL secretion, exhibit a marked reduction of central dopaminergic inhibition of PRL secretion.
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