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Jang I, Kyun S, Hwang D, Kim T, Lim K, Park HY, Kim SW, Kim J. Chronic Administration of Exogenous Lactate Increases Energy Expenditure during Exercise through Activation of Skeletal Muscle Energy Utilization Capacity in Mice. Metabolites 2024; 14:220. [PMID: 38668348 PMCID: PMC11052295 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
We compared the effects of chronic exogenous lactate and exercise training, which influence energy substrate utilization and body composition improvements at rest and during exercise, and investigated the availability of lactate as a metabolic regulator. The mice were divided into four groups: CON (sedentary + saline), LAC (sedentary + lactate), EXE (exercise + saline), and EXLA (exercise + lactate). The total experimental period was set at 4 weeks, the training intensity was set at 60-70% VO2max, and each exercise group was administered a solution immediately after exercise. Changes in the energy substrate utilization at rest and during exercise, the protein levels related to energy substrate utilization in skeletal muscles, and the body composition were measured. Lactate intake and exercise increased carbohydrate oxidation as a substrate during exercise, leading to an increased energy expenditure and increased protein levels of citrate synthase and malate dehydrogenase 2, key factors in the TCA(tricarboxylic acid) cycle of skeletal muscle. Exercise, but not lactate intake, induced the upregulation of the skeletal muscle glucose transport factor 4 and a reduction in body fat. Hence, chronic lactate administration, as a metabolic regulator, influenced energy substrate utilization by the skeletal muscle and increased energy expenditure during exercise through the activation of carbohydrate metabolism-related factors. Therefore, exogenous lactate holds potential as a metabolic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inkwon Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (I.J.); (S.K.); (D.H.); (T.K.); (K.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Kyun S, Kim J, Hwang D, Jang I, Park HY, Lim K. Lactate administration induces skeletal muscle synthesis by influencing Akt/mTOR and MuRF1 in non-trained mice but not in trained mice. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15952. [PMID: 38383135 PMCID: PMC10881281 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception regarding lactate has changed over the past decades, and some of its physiological roles have gradually been revealed. However, the effects of exogenous lactate on skeletal muscle synthesis remain unclear. This study aimed to confirm the effects of a 5-week lactate administration and post-exercise lactate administration on skeletal muscle synthesis. Thirty-two Institute of Cancer Research mice were randomly assigned to non-trained + placebo, non-trained + lactate, trained + placebo, and trained + lactate groups. Furthermore, 3 g/kg of lactate or an equivalent volume of saline was immediately administered after exercise training (maximum oxygen uptake: 70%). Lactate administration and/or exercise training was performed 5 days/week for 5 weeks. After the experimental period, it was observed that lactate administration tended to elevate skeletal muscle weight, increased protein kinase B (p < 0.05) and mammalian target of rapamycin (p < 0.05) mRNA levels, and decreased muscle ring-finger protein-1 expression (p < 0.05). Lactate administration after exercise training significantly enhanced plantaris muscle weight; however, it had no additional effects on most signaling factors. This study demonstrated that a 5-week lactate administration could stimulate skeletal muscle synthesis, and lactate administration after exercise training may provide additional effects, such as increasing skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduated School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
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Kyun S, Kim J, Hwang D, Jang I, Choi J, Kim J, Jung WS, Hwang H, Kim SW, Kim J, Jung K, Seo J, Sun Y, Park HY, Lim K. Exogenous lactate intake immediately after endurance exercise increases time to exhaustion in VO2max measurements in mice. Phys Act Nutr 2023; 27:13-18. [PMID: 37583067 PMCID: PMC10440182 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2023.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of 4 weeks of lactate intake immediately after endurance exercise on maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) in exercise performance. METHODS Seven-week-old mice from the Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) were randomly divided into four groups: vehicle intake (SE/CON), lactate intake (SE/LAC), endurance exercise with vehicle intake (EX/ CON), and lactate intake with endurance exercise (EX/ LAC). Mice were subjected to 60-70% VO2max endurance exercise with or without oral lactate intake 5 days/ week for 4 weeks. VO2max measurements (VO2max, time to exhaustion (TTE), respiratory exchange rate, fat oxidation, and carbohydrate oxidation) were recorded at the end of the study period. After 48 h of VO2max measurement, the mice were sacrificed, and three different abdominal fat samples (epididymal, perirenal, and mesenteric) were collected. RESULTS Body weight and abdominal fat mass did not differ between the groups. When measuring VO2max, endurance exercise raised VO2max, and lactate intake after endurance exercise increased TTE. The change in energy substrate utilization during VO2max measurement demonstrated that although the respiratory exchange rate and fat oxidation were enhanced by lactate intake, there were no synergistic effects of lactate intake and endurance exercise. CONCLUSION Lactate intake immediately after endurance exercises can improve exercise performance, indicating the benefit of long-term exogenous lactate intake as an exercise supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeehee Choi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwon Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Sang Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejung Hwang
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwa Jung
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk Unisersity, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Hwang D, Kim J, Kyun S, Jang I, Kim T, Park HY, Lim K. Exogenous lactate augments exercise-induced improvement in memory but not in hippocampal neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5838. [PMID: 37037890 PMCID: PMC10086059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33017-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN), the lifelong process of formation of new neurons in the mammalian brain, plays an important role in learning and memory. Exercise is an effective enhancer of AHN; however, the molecular mediators of exercise-induced AHN are unknown. Recently, lactate was considered as an important mediator of exercise-induced AHN. Therefore, we hypothesized that exercise with lactate intake could augment exercise-induced AHN. This study was conducted for 5 weeks with 7-week-old ICR male mice that performed mild-intensity exercise (just below lactate threshold, 55-60%VO2max) with or without oral administration of lactate 5 days/week. Cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation, neurogenesis-relevant factors, reference and retention memory, and spatial working memory were evaluated at the end of the experiment. The results showed that AHN was enhanced by lactate intake, but exercise-induced AHN was not augmented by exercise with lactate intake. Nevertheless, exercise-induced improvement in reference and retention memory was augmented by exercise with lactate intake. And spatial working memory was promoted by the co-treatment, also protein expression of hippocampal FNDC5, BDNF, PGC1α, and MCT2 were elevated by the co-treatment. Therefore, our findings suggest that lactate has a potential to be developed as a novel supplement that improves the positive effects of exercise on the hippocampus and its cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deunsol Hwang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Kim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Laboratory of Exercise and Nutrition, Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yoo C, Kim J, Kyun S, Hashimoto T, Tomi H, Lim K. Synergic effect of exogenous lactate and caffeine on fat oxidation and hepatic glycogen concentration in resting rats. Phys Act Nutr 2022; 26:5-13. [PMID: 36775646 PMCID: PMC9925112 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2022.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although several physiological roles of lactate have been revealed in the last decades, its effects on energy metabolism and substrate oxidation remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated the effects of lactate on the energy metabolism of resting rats. METHODS Male rats were divided into control (Con; distilled water), caffeine (Caf; 10 mg/kg), L-lactate (Lac; 2 g/kg), and lactate-plus-caffeine (Lac+Caf; 2 g/ kg + 10 mg) groups. Following oral administration of supplements, resting energy expenditure (study 1), biochemical blood parameters, and mRNA expression involved in energy metabolism in the soleus muscle were measured at different time points within 120 minutes of administration (study 2). Moreover, glycogen level and Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity were measured. RESULTS Groups did not differ in total energy expenditure throughout the 6 hour post-treatment evaluation. Within the first 4 hours, the Lac and Lac+Caf groups showed higher fat oxidation rates than the Con group (p<0.05). Lactate treatment decreased blood free fatty acid levels (p<0.05) and increased the mRNA expression of fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36) (p<0.05) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) (p<0.05) in the skeletal muscle. Hepatic glycogen level in the Lac+Caf group was significantly increased (p<0.05). Moreover, after 30 and 120 minutes, PDH activity was significantly higher in lactate-supplemented groups compared to Con group (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Our findings showed that Lac+Caf enhanced fat metabolism in the whole body and skeletal muscle while increasing hepatic glycogen concentration and PDH activity. This indicates Lac+Caf can be used as a potential post-workout supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongsung Yoo
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport management, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77845, United States of America
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577, Japan
| | - Hironori Tomi
- Center for Regional Sustainability and Innovation Kochi University, B-200 Mononobe, Nankoku, Kochi 682035, Japan
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author : Kiwon Lim, Ph. D. Laboratory of Exercise Nutrition, Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University 120, Neungdong-ro, Gwangin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea. Tel: +82-2-450-3827 Fax: +82-2-452-6027 E-mail:
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Hwang D, Kyun S, Jang I, Park H, Kim J, Lim K. The Effects of Exercise Training with Oral Intake of Lactate on Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Neurotrophic Factors in Mice. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate SchoolKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate SchoolKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate SchoolKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Hun‐Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate SchoolKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance Institure(PAPI)Konkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate SchoolKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance Institure(PAPI)Konkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science in Graduate SchoolKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance Institure(PAPI)Konkuk UniversitySeoul
- Department of Physical EducationKonkuk UniversitySeoul
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Jang I, Hwang D, Kyun S, Park H, Kim J, Lim K. Effect of Lactate Intake on Total Fat Mass and Resting Metabolic Rate in Mice. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r4379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk universitySeoul
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk universitySeoul
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk universitySeoul
| | - Hun‐Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk universitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance InstituteKonkuk universitySeoul
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk universitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance InstituteKonkuk universitySeoul
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk universitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance InstituteKonkuk universitySeoul
- Department of Physical EducationKonkuk universitySeoul
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Kyun S, Jang I, Hwang D, Park H, Kim J, Lim K. Lactate Administration Increases Skeletal Muscle Synthesis in Mice. FASEB J 2022. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.s1.r3320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Deunsol Hwang
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Hun‐Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and ScienceKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Physical Activity and Performance InstituteKonkuk UniversitySeoul
- Department of Physical EducationKonkuk UniversitySeoul
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Kyun S, Yoo C, Park HY, Kim J, Lim K. The Effects of Exogenous Lactate Administration on the IGF1/Akt/mTOR Pathway in Rat Skeletal Muscle. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7805. [PMID: 33113811 PMCID: PMC7663284 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17217805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of oral lactate administration on protein synthesis and degradation factors in rats over 2 h after intake. Seven-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 8/group); their blood plasma levels of lactate, glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) were examined following sacrifice at 0, 30, 60, or 120 min after sodium lactate (2 g/kg) administration. We measured the mRNA expression levels of protein synthesis-related genes (IGF receptor, protein kinase B (Akt), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)) or degradation-related genes (muscle RING-finger protein-1 (MuRF1), atrogin-1) and analyzed the protein expression and phosphorylation (activation) of Akt and mTOR. Post-administration, the plasma lactate concentration increased to 3.2 mmol/L after 60 min. Plasma glucose remained unchanged throughout, while insulin and IGF1 levels decreased after 30 min. The mRNA levels of IGF receptor and mTOR peaked after 60 min, and Akt expression was significantly upregulated from 30 to 120 min. However, MuRF1 and atrogin-1 expression levels were unaffected. Akt protein phosphorylation did not change significantly, whereas mTOR phosphorylation significantly increased after 30 min. Thus, lactate administration increased the mRNA and protein expression of protein-synthesis factors, suggesting that it can potentially promote skeletal muscle synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea;
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea; (H.-Y.P.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Korea
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Kyun S, Yoo C, Hashimoto T, Tomi H, Teramoto N, Kim J, Lim K. Effects of exogenous lactate administration on fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis factors in rats. Phys Act Nutr 2020; 24:1-5. [PMID: 32698255 PMCID: PMC7451839 DOI: 10.20463/pan.2020.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Lactate has several beneficial roles as an energy resource and in metabolism. However, studies on the effects of oral administration of lactate on fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis are limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate how oral administration of lactate affects fat metabolism and glycogen synthesis factors at specific times (0, 30, 60, 120 min) after intake. METHODS Male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats (n = 24) were divided into four groups as follows: the control group (0 min) was sacrificed immediately after oral lactate administration; the test groups were administered lactate (2 g/kg) and sacrificed after 30, 60, and 120 min. Skeletal muscle and liver mRNA expression of GLUT4, FAT/CD36, PDH, CS, PC and GYS2 was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression was significantly increased in skeletal muscle 120 min after lactate administration. PDH expression in skeletal muscle was altered at 30 and 120 min after lactate consumption, but was not significantly different compared to the control. CS, PC and GYS2 expression in liver was increased 60 min after lactate administration. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that exogenous lactate administration increases GLUT4 and FAT/CD36 expression in the muscle as well as glycogen synthase factors (PC, GYS2) in the liver after 60 min. Therefore, lactate supplementation may increase fat utilization as well as induce positive effects on glycogen synthesis in athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of physical education, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, TexasUSA
| | - Takeshi Hashimoto
- Faculty of Sport & Health Science, Ritsumeikan University, ShigaJapan
| | - Hironori Tomi
- Center for Regional Sustainability and Innovation, Kochi University, KochiJapan
| | | | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of physical education, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI), Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Konkuk University, SeoulRepublic of Korea
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Kyun S, Yoo C, Jang I, Kim J, Lim K. Exogenous Lactate Intake Can Induce Muscle Synthesis in Rats. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.02843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Physical Education Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Choongsung Yoo
- Department of Health and Kinesiology Texas A & M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Inkwon Jang
- Department of Physical Education Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI) Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science Graduate of Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI) Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science Graduate of Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu Seoul Korea
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Yoo C, Kim J, Kyun S, Kreider R, Lim K. Exogenous lactate increases fat oxidation in resting rats. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.04896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute Konkuk University
| | | | | | - Kiwon Lim
- Physical Activity & Performance Institute Konkuk University
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13
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Jang I, Kim J, Kyun S, Lim K. Effects of Exogenous Lactate Intake During Exercise on Energy Metabolism and Energy Substrate Utilization in Mice. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inkwon Jang
- Department of Physical Education Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu
| | - Jisu Kim
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute (PAPI) Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu
| | - Sunghwan Kyun
- Department of Physical Education Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Physical Education Konkuk University Gwangjin-gu
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