1
|
Holt J, Bhar S, Schofield P, Koder D, Owen P, Seitz D, Bhowmik J. Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of mental illness among nursing home residents. Syst Rev 2024; 13:109. [PMID: 38627826 PMCID: PMC11020180 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-024-02516-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high prevalence of mental illness in nursing home residents compared to older adults living in the community. This was highlighted in the most recent comprehensive systematic review on the topic, published in 2010. In the context of a rapidly aging population and increased numbers of older adults requiring residential care, this study aims to provide a contemporary account of the prevalence of mental illness among nursing home residents. METHODS This protocol was prepared in line with the PRISMA-P 2015 Statement. Systematic searches will be undertaken across six electronic databases: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycNET, CINAHL, and Abstracts in Social Gerontology. Peer-reviewed studies published from 2009 onwards which report the prevalence of mental illness within nursing home populations will be included. Database searches will be supplemented by forward and backward citation searching. Titles and abstracts of records will be screened using a semi-automated process. The full text of selected records will be assessed to confirm inclusion criteria are met. Study selection will be recorded in a PRISMA flowchart. A pilot-tested form will be used to extract data from included studies, alongside the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data. A study characteristics and results table will be prepared to present key details from each included study, supported by a narrative synthesis. Random-effects restricted maximum likelihood meta-analyses will be performed to compute pooled prevalence estimates for mental illnesses represented in the identified studies. Heterogeneity will be assessed using Cochran's Q and Higgins' I2 statistics. A Funnel plot and Egger's test will be used to assess publication bias. The GRADE approach will be used to assess the quality of the body of evidence identified. DISCUSSION The study will provide a comprehensive and contemporary account of the prevalence of mental illness among nursing home residents. Meta-analyses will provide robust prevalence estimates across a range of presentations. Key insights will be highlighted, including potential sources of heterogeneity. Implications for residents, researchers, care providers, and policymakers will be noted. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO: CRD42023456226.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Holt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Penelope Schofield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Health Services Research and Implementation Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia
- Department of Oncology, Sir Peter MacCallum, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Deborah Koder
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Patrick Owen
- Eastern Health Emergency Medicine Program, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dallas Seitz
- Department of Psychiatry, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Davison TE, Bhar S, Wells Y, Owen PJ, You E, Doyle C, Bowe SJ, Flicker L. Psychological therapies for depression in older adults residing in long-term care settings. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2024; 3:CD013059. [PMID: 38501686 PMCID: PMC10949416 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd013059.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is common amongst older people residing in long-term care (LTC) facilities. Currently, most residents treated for depression are prescribed antidepressant medications, despite the potential availability of psychological therapies that are suitable for older people and a preference amongst many older people for non-pharmacological treatment approaches. OBJECTIVES To assess the effect of psychological therapies for depression in older people living in LTC settings, in comparison with treatment as usual, waiting list control, and non-specific attentional control; and to compare the effectiveness of different types of psychological therapies in this setting. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Common Mental Disorders Group Controlled Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, five other databases, five grey literature sources, and two trial registers. We performed reference checking and citation searching, and contacted study authors to identify additional studies. The latest search was 31 October 2021. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs of any type of psychological therapy for the treatment of depression in adults aged 65 years and over residing in a LTC facility. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text manuscripts for inclusion. Two review authors independently performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments using the Cochrane RoB 1 tool. We contacted study authors for additional information where required. Primary outcomes were level of depressive symptomatology and treatment non-acceptability; secondary outcomes included depression remission, quality of life or psychological well-being, and level of anxious symptomatology. We used Review Manager 5 to conduct meta-analyses, using pairwise random-effects models. For continuous data, we calculated standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), using endpoint data, and for dichotomous data, we used odds ratios and 95% CIs. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of the evidence. MAIN RESULTS We included 19 RCTs with 873 participants; 16 parallel group RCTs and three cluster-RCTs. Most studies compared psychological therapy (typically including elements of cognitive behavioural therapy, behavioural therapy, reminiscence therapy, or a combination of these) to treatment as usual or to a condition controlling for the effects of attention. We found very low-certainty evidence that psychological therapies were more effective than non-therapy control conditions in reducing symptoms of depression, with a large effect size at end-of-intervention (SMD -1.04, 95% CI -1.49 to -0.58; 18 RCTs, 644 participants) and at short-term (up to three months) follow-up (SMD -1.03, 95% CI -1.49 to -0.56; 16 RCTs, 512 participants). In addition, very low-certainty evidence from a single study with 82 participants indicated that psychological therapy was associated with a greater reduction in the number of participants presenting with major depressive disorder compared to treatment as usual control, at end-of-intervention and short-term follow-up. However, given the limited data on the effect of psychological therapies on remission of major depressive disorder, caution is advised in interpreting this result. Participants receiving psychological therapy were more likely to drop out of the trial than participants receiving a non-therapy control (odds ratio 3.44, 95% CI 1.19 to 9.93), which may indicate higher treatment non-acceptability. However, analyses were restricted due to limited dropout case data and imprecise reporting, and the finding should be interpreted with caution. There was very low-certainty evidence that psychological therapy was more effective than non-therapy control conditions in improving quality of life and psychological well-being at short-term follow-up, with a medium effect size (SMD 0.51, 95% CI 0.19 to 0.82; 5 RCTs, 170 participants), but the effect size was small at postintervention (SMD 0.40, 95% CI -0.02 to 0.82; 6 RCTs, 195 participants). There was very low-certainty evidence of no effect of psychological therapy on anxiety symptoms postintervention (SMD -0.68, 95% CI -2.50 to 1.14; 2 RCTs, 115 participants), although results lacked precision, and there was insufficient data to determine short-term outcomes. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS This systematic review suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy, behavioural therapy, and reminiscence therapy may reduce depressive symptoms compared with usual care for LTC residents, but the evidence is very uncertain. Psychological therapies may also improve quality of life and psychological well-being amongst depressed LTC residents in the short term, but may have no effect on symptoms of anxiety in depressed LTC residents, compared to control conditions. However, the evidence for these effects is very uncertain, limiting our confidence in the findings. The evidence could be strengthened by better reporting and higher-quality RCTs of psychological therapies in LTC, including trials with larger samples, reporting results separately for those with and without cognitive impairment and dementia, and longer-term outcomes to determine when effects wane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya E Davison
- Research and Innovation, Silverchain, Melbourne, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
- Health and Innovation Transformation Centre, Federation University, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yvonne Wells
- Australian Institute for Primary Care & Ageing, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick J Owen
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
| | - Emily You
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age (AUPOA), Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven J Bowe
- Deakin Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Burwood, Australia
- School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Leon Flicker
- Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing (WACHA), University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Engelbrecht R, Bhar S, Shoemark H, Elphinstone B, Ciorciari J. Reminiscence Therapy and Music With Older Adults: A Descriptive Study Investigating the Current Views and Practices of Australian Aged Care Providers and Volunteers. J Appl Gerontol 2024:7334648241236236. [PMID: 38423075 DOI: 10.1177/07334648241236236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Reminiscence therapy and music are often used to improve the wellbeing of older people; however, we do not know how these interventions are used in practice. This study explored how those working with older people view and use verbal Reminiscence Therapy (VRT) and Music-assisted Reminiscence Therapy (MRT). A total of 110 participants who worked or volunteered with older people in Australia were surveyed in this descriptive, mixed-method study. VRT and MRT were frequently and spontaneously used to respond to the varied needs of older adults. VRT and MRT lead to reported positive outcomes including better care practices, positive affect and mood, and improved social connections. MRT was used as a compensatory strategy when traditional VRT was not possible. This study describes the current practices of VRT and MRT, and an overview of how reminiscence-based approaches are used in Australia to address the health and wellbeing of older people.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Engelbrecht
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Shoemark
- Department of Music Therapy, Boyer College of Music and Dance, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bradley Elphinstone
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciorciari
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bhar S, Davison TE, Schofield P, Quinn S, Ratcliffe J, Waloszek JM, Dunkerley S, Silver M, Linossier J, Koder D, Collins R, Milte R. Study protocol for ELders AT Ease (ELATE): a cluster randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy to reduce depressive symptoms in aged care residents. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:555. [PMID: 37700236 PMCID: PMC10498637 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This protocol describes a study of the effectiveness of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for reducing depressive symptoms in older adults living in residential aged care (RAC) facilities in Australia. Depressive symptoms are highly prevalent in this population, yet the benefits of CBT for reducing such symptoms in RAC facilities have not been widely investigated. Elders at Ease (ELATE) is a 16-session CBT intervention designed for implementation in RAC facilities. The intervention includes cognitive, behavioural and reminiscence strategies and is delivered by mental health trainees (MHTs) in collaboration with RAC facility staff and residents' family. METHODS AND ANALYSIS ELATE will be evaluated using a cluster randomised trial comparing outcomes for residents who participate in the intervention with those living in usual care control facilities. The participants are RAC residents aged 65 years or above, with depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 ≥ 3) and normal cognition or mild cognitive impairment (Standardised Mini Mental Status Examination ≥ 21). They are assessed at four time points: baseline prior to randomisation (T1), mid-treatment (T2; 2.5 months post randomisation), post-treatment (T3; 5 months post-randomisation) and 3-month follow-up (T4; 8 months post randomisation). The primary outcome is change in depressive symptoms between T1 and T3. Secondary outcomes are depressive symptoms at T4, anxiety, suicide ideation, sleep problems, quality of life, staff and family knowledge of late-life depression, stress levels and efficacy in caring for residents, and MHT levels of geropsychology competencies. Residents receiving the intervention are hypothesised to report a greater decrease in depressive symptoms between T1 and T3 compared to residents receiving usual care. The primary analysis is a regression, clustered over site to account for correlated readings, and independent variables are condition and depressive symptoms at T1. A cost-utility analysis is also undertaken. DISCUSSION ELATE is a comprehensive CBT intervention for reducing depressive symptoms in RAC residents. It is designed to be implemented in collaboration with facility staff and residents' families, individually tailored to residents with normal cognition to mild cognitive impairment and delivered by trainee therapists. ELATE offers a model that may be widely applicable across the RAC sector. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) Number ACTRN12619001037190, prospectively registered on 22 July 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| | - Tanya E Davison
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Silverchain, Osborne Park, WA, Australia
| | - Penelope Schofield
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
- Iverson Health Innovation Research Institute, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
- Health Services Research and Implementation Sciences, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Quinn
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Joanna M Waloszek
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Sofie Dunkerley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Mark Silver
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Jennifer Linossier
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Deborah Koder
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Rebecca Collins
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, PO Box 218, H99, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Rachel Milte
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Biswas RK, Farzana M, Bhar S, Bhowmik J. Contraceptive use in South and South-East Asian region: assessment of sustainable development goal 3.7 through indicator 3.7.1. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022:6754760. [PMID: 36214514 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.7 concerns modern contraception use among women of reproductive ages. This study evaluated the progress of indicator 3.7.1 in 11 selected countries in South and South-East Asia and assessed the contribution of women's education to modern contraceptive use. METHODS Generalized linear models for complex surveys were fitted to Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data from 40 surveys conducted in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Myanmar, Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines and Timor Leste between 1990 and 2017, followed by a meta-analysis through forest plots. RESULTS Modern contraceptive coverage in most of the selected countries climbed or remained stationary over the past decades. In four countries, <50% of women used contraception. In no country was contraception used by ≥80% women. Higher education was associated with 13% higher odds of modern contraceptive use (95% confidence interval: 1.07, 1.18) among women compared to primary level or no education. DISCUSSION Completion of primary education is insufficient to broaden the coverage of modern contraceptive use. Greater national level effort from the selected countries is needed to lift the education levels of women to meet SDG 3.7 by 2030.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raaj Kishore Biswas
- Transport and Road Safety (TARS) Research Centre, School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia.,Charles Perkin Centre, School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Maysha Farzana
- Department of Sociology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Sunil Bhar
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, 3122, Australia
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, 3122, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Major G, Bagnall AM, Bhar S, Bryant C, Dow B, Dunt D, Fearn M, Harper R, Leung WY, Mnatzaganian G, O'Bree B, Doyle C. A Scoping Review of the Measurement of Depression in Older Adults with Cognitive Impairment. Clin Gerontol 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36163627 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2022.2126809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Depression and cognitive impairment are disabling conditions that commonly occur together in older adults. The interaction is challenging when choosing appropriate measurement scales. This review aimed to summarize the scales to measure depression symptoms in older people with cognitive impairment, investigating how cognitive impairment is related to the choice of measurement, and how the setting may affect the choice of measurement. METHODS A scoping review of literature published between 2015 and 2021. RESULTS After screening 1580 articles, 26 were included in the review with 11 different measures of depression symptoms identified. The measures mostly commonly used were the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI-Q). Most studies did not report on the usability of depression scales used with people with cognitive impairment and only two scales (CSDD and NPI-Q, not GDS) have been validated for use with this population. CONCLUSIONS Severe cognitive impairment was under-represented in the identified studies, and no association was detected between study setting, cognitive impairment and type of measure used. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Clinicians and researchers should consider both the cognitive status of participants and the setting they live in when choosing a measure of depression symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgia Major
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne-Marie Bagnall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Psychology Department, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Bryant
- Emeritus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Emeritus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- Emeritus, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcia Fearn
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Harper
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wing-Yin Leung
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - George Mnatzaganian
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Paramedicine, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget O'Bree
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Psychology Department, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stargatt J, Doube W, Bhar S, Petrovich T, McGuire L, Willison A. Increasing understanding of environmental modifications using the Virtual Dementia Experience for professional carers of people living with dementia. Gerontol Geriatr Educ 2022; 43:374-382. [PMID: 34420471 DOI: 10.1080/02701960.2021.1967152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to the environment can have a positive impact on the person living with dementia. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a virtual reality (VR) educational workshop on improving understanding of the impact of environments for people living with dementia for carers in residential aged care facilities in Australia. Participants were nonrandomly allocated to one of two conditions: a VR condition which enabled them to take the perspective of a person living with dementia as they navigate a home environment (n = 40), or to a non-VR condition, in which participants received equivalent information in a classroom without the use of VR (n = 56). Participants completed a purpose-built pictorial measure of their understanding of environmental factors that could impact on people with dementia before and after the workshop. Following education, an analysis of covariance revealed that compared to non-VR education, those who received VR education identified a significantly greater number of appropriate environmental modifications, after adjusting for practice test scores. The results from this study demonstrate the utility of VR as a promising tool to improve carers' understanding of the ways in which the environment can be modified to assist people living with dementia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stargatt
- Department Of Psychological Sciences, School Of Health Sciences, Swinburne University Of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wendy Doube
- Department Of Psychological Sciences, School Of Health Sciences, Swinburne University Of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department Of Psychological Sciences, School Of Health Sciences, Swinburne University Of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tanya Petrovich
- Centre For Dementia Learning, Dementia Australia, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liam McGuire
- Department Of Psychological Sciences, School Of Health Sciences, Swinburne University Of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aaron Willison
- Department Of Psychological Sciences, School Of Health Sciences, Swinburne University Of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Low YS, Bhar S, Chen WS. Exploring the relationship between co-worker and supervisor support, self- confidence, coping skills and burnout in residential aged care staff. BMC Nurs 2022; 21:135. [PMID: 35650589 PMCID: PMC9158294 DOI: 10.1186/s12912-022-00901-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staff working in residential aged care facilities face unique challenges and stressors in their workplaces which increase their risk for occupational burnout. Burnout in this workforce results in low job satisfaction, increased levels of absenteeism and poor retention rates. Given Australia's ageing population and the demand for residential aged care staff, it is imperative to explore predictors of burnout in this cohort in order to help staff prevent and manage burnout. METHODS This study examined the extent to which co-worker and supervisor support, self-confidence and adaptive coping skills predicted burnout among residential aged care staff, after controlling for staff demographics, organisational climate and work patterns. One hundred and thirty three residential aged care staff across Australia were surveyed using online questionnaires measuring levels of co-worker and supervisor support, self- confidence, adaptive coping skills and burnout. RESULTS Regression analyses indicated that, overall, co-worker and supervisor support, self-confidence, and adaptive coping predicted each dimension of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment). After controlling for covariates and other predictors: confidence significantly predicted all three dimensions; support significantly predicted emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and adaptive coping significantly predicted emotional exhaustion. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that co-worker and supervisor support, self- confidence and adaptive coping skills need to be addressed to prevent and manage occupational burnout for residential aged care staff in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yin Siu Low
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Won Sun Chen
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stargatt J, Bhar S, Bhowmik J, Al Mahmud A. Digital Storytelling for Health-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e28113. [PMID: 35019845 PMCID: PMC8792772 DOI: 10.2196/28113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults face a unique set of challenges and may experience a range of psychological comorbidities. Digital storytelling is an emerging tool for sharing and recording lived experiences and may have the potential to support well-being but is yet to be systematically reviewed for use among older adults. Objective The aim of this review is to examine the methods for creating digital stories, the health-related outcomes associated with creating digital stories, and the potential for implementing digital storytelling with older adults. Methods We systematically searched electronic databases to identify articles published in English that reported on at least one health-related outcome of digital storytelling for participants aged ≥60 years. Data were extracted and synthesized using qualitative content analysis and summarized in tables. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results A total of 8 studies were included in the review. Participants were primarily community-dwelling older adults living with dementia, involving family caregivers and professional care staff. Studies have taken various approaches to digital storytelling and reported diverse benefits associated with digital storytelling, including improvements in mood, memory, social engagement, and quality of relationships. Although the potential for implementation was not widely examined, some studies have presented evidence for acceptability and feasibility. Generally, studies were of high quality, despite the absence of comparator groups and confounder analyses. Conclusions The evidence reviewed suggests that despite the various approaches taken, digital storytelling shows promise as an effective approach for supporting well-being in older adults. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019145922; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42019145922 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/15512
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stargatt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Centre for Design Innovation, School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Brydon A, Bhar S, Doyle C, Batchelor F, Lovelock H, Almond H, Mitchell L, Nedeljkovic M, Savvas S, Wuthrich V. National Survey on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Australian Residential Aged Care Residents and Staff. Clin Gerontol 2022; 45:58-70. [PMID: 34634217 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2021.1985671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study is the first to obtain data on the prevalence of, contributors to, and supports required for, pandemic-related distress within the residential aged care sector in Australia. A nested mixed-methods approach was used to examine aged care leaders' opinions about the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of aged care residents and staff. METHODS A total of 288 senior staff of Australian residential aged care facilities (care managers, clinical care coordinators, and lifestyle team leaders; mean age = 52.7 years, SD = 10.3) completed an online survey between 10th September and 31st October 2020. RESULTS On average, nearly half of their residents experienced loneliness (41%) and a third experienced anxiety in response to COVID-19 (33%). The most frequently noted contributors to poor mental health among residents were restrictions to recreational outings and watching news coverage relating to COVID-19. Participants emphasized the need for increased access to counseling services and improved mental health training amongst staff. Residential care staff were similarly impacted by the pandemic. More than a third of staff were reported as anxious (36%) and 20% depressed, in response to COVID-19. Staff were worried about introducing COVID-19 into their facility and were impacted by news coverage of COVID-19. Staff would feel supported by financial assistance and by increased staff-resident ratios. CONCLUSIONS Senior staff perceive that the mental health of Australian aged care residents and staff was negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. The most noted contributors were identified, as was the mental health support for aged care communities. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS This study provides government and policymakers with clear intervention targets for supporting the sector. Clinicians can support residential aged care communities by providing on-site or telehealth counseling, and upskill and train residential aged care staff on how to respond to the emotional needs of residents in response to COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Brydon
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Helen Almond
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Leander Mitchell
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Maja Nedeljkovic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Savvas
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Viviana Wuthrich
- Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nguyen TA, Tran K, Esterman A, Brijnath B, Xiao LD, Schofield P, Bhar S, Wickramasinghe N, Sinclair R, Dang TH, Cullum S, Turana Y, Hinton L, Seeher K, Andrade AQ, Crotty M, Kurrle S, Freel S, Pham T, Nguyen TB, Brodaty H. Empowering Dementia Carers With an iSupport Virtual Assistant (e-DiVA) in Asia-Pacific Regional Countries: Protocol for a Pilot Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2021; 10:e33572. [PMID: 34783660 PMCID: PMC8663455 DOI: 10.2196/33572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dementia is a global public health priority with an estimated prevalence of 150 million by 2050, nearly two-thirds of whom will live in the Asia-Pacific region. Dementia creates significant care needs for people with the disease, their families, and carers. iSupport is a self-help platform developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) to provide education, skills training, and support to dementia carers. It has been adapted in some contexts (Australia, India, the Netherlands, and Portugal). Carers using the existing adapted versions have identified the need to have a more user-friendly version that enables them to identify solutions for immediate problems quickly in real time. The iSupport virtual assistant (iSupport VA) is being developed to address this gap and will be evaluated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT). Objective This paper reports the protocol of a pilot RCT evaluating the iSupport VA. Methods Seven versions of iSupport VA will be evaluated in Australia, Indonesia, New Zealand, and Vietnam in a pilot RCT. Feasibility, acceptability, intention to use, and preliminary impact on carer-perceived stress of the iSupport VA intervention will be assessed. Results This study was funded by the e-ASIA Joint Research Program in November 2020. From January to July 2023, we will enroll 140 dementia carers (20 carers per iSupport VA version) for the pilot RCT. The study has been approved by the Human Research Committee, University of South Australia, Australia (203455). Conclusions This protocol outlines how a technologically enhanced version of the WHO iSupport program—the iSupport VA—will be evaluated. The findings from this intervention study will provide evidence on the feasibility and acceptability of the iSupport VA intervention, which will be the basis for conducting a full RCT to assess the effectiveness of the iSupport VA. The study will be an important reference for countries planning to adapt and enhance the WHO iSupport program using digital health solutions. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12621001452886; https://tinyurl.com/afum5tjz International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/33572
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tuan Anh Nguyen
- Social Gerontology Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia.,Health Strategy and Policy Institute, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Kham Tran
- Social Gerontology Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Adrian Esterman
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bianca Brijnath
- Social Gerontology Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lily Dongxia Xiao
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Penelope Schofield
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nilmini Wickramasinghe
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ronald Sinclair
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thu Ha Dang
- Department of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah Cullum
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yuda Turana
- School of Medicine, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ladson Hinton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Katrin Seeher
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Use, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andre Q Andrade
- Quality Use of Medicines and Pharmacy Research Centre, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Crotty
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Susan Kurrle
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Stefanie Freel
- Department of Germanic Languages and Literature, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Thang Pham
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Disease, Vietnam National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Binh Nguyen
- Department of Neurology and Alzheimer Disease, Vietnam National Geriatric Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Stargatt J, Bhar S, Petrovich T, Bhowmik J, Sykes D, Burns K. The Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Education on Empathy and Understanding of the Physical Environment for Dementia Care Workers in Australia: A Controlled Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 84:1247-1257. [PMID: 34633323 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is support for the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) technology in dementia education. However, it is not yet known if VR is a useful tool for improving empathy and understanding of dementia care environments among dementia care workers. OBJECTIVE This study compared learning outcomes of VR versus non-VR (control) workshops for dementia care workers of different ages and English-speaking backgrounds. METHODS Dementia care workers enrolled in workshops on dementia care principles. Once participants were enrolled, workshops were assigned at random to deliver non-VR or VR-based education. Participants (N = 114, 91.8%female, mean age = 46.4; SD = 13.2; n = 60VR condition, 54control condition) completed self-report measures of empathy towards people living with dementia, understanding of dementia care environments, dementia knowledge, and attitudes towards dementia at pre- and post-workshop. RESULTS Significant pre-post main effects were observed for empathy, understanding of dementia care environments, and attitudes. Interaction effects were not found; improvements in outcomes were similar between conditions. However, interaction effects were observed for subgroups. Empathy improved significantly more in the VR condition for older participants. Understanding of dementia care environments improved more in the VR condition for younger and non-English-speaking background participants. CONCLUSION Using VR may not augment teaching outcomes for all learners. VR may differentially assist leaners of different ages and English-speaking backgrounds. More research is needed to understand for which variables and for whom VR is a useful teaching tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stargatt
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Jahar Bhowmik
- Department of Health Science and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Sykes
- Centre for Dementia Learning, Dementia Australia
| | - Kelly Burns
- Centre for Dementia Learning, Dementia Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bhar S, Stargatt J, Collins R, Bhowmik J, Silver M. Preliminary evidence for the impact of digital life stories about aged care residents on staff knowledge and understanding regarding those residents; A single arm trial. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:2252-2258. [PMID: 34605590 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This study aimed to examine the impact of digital stories about aged care residents on staff knowledge and understanding regarding those residents. BACKGROUND More than a quarter of a million older Australians live in residential aged care facilities. This living arrangement can inhibit the expression of a person's sense of identity. Without objects and cues that reflect the person's selfhood, it can be difficult for a person to express their uniqueness. Staff may not sufficiently appreciate the resident's individuality and therefore may not be able to customise care for the resident. DESIGN This study used a single-arm trial design. METHODS The study was conducted in four residential aged care facilities. Short digital life stories (3-4 min) of eight residents were constructed by student volunteers over 6 months. Participants (n = 53 care staff) completed a self-report measure of their knowledge and understanding of a resident before and after watching the resident's story. The study adhered to guidelines for Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) (see Appendix S1). RESULTS Pre- and post-test scores of the measure were compared using paired samples t-tests. These scores changed significantly, showing an improvement of knowledge and understanding regarding residents. CONCLUSIONS Watching digital life stories were associated with improvements in knowledge and understanding by staff, and hence have the potential to foster a greater level of understanding of residents by such staff, and more person-centred care practices within residential aged care facilities. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE Digital stories about aged care residents are quick and efficient methods for improving aged care staff members' knowledge and understanding of the residents under their care. With such understanding, staff may be able to better customise care for residents, thereby validating residents' sense of identity and elevating residents' quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jennifer Stargatt
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Collins
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Silver
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sookman D, Phillips KA, Anholt GE, Bhar S, Bream V, Challacombe FL, Coughtrey A, Craske MG, Foa E, Gagné JP, Huppert JD, Jacobi D, Lovell K, McLean CP, Neziroglu F, Pedley R, Perrin S, Pinto A, Pollard CA, Radomsky AS, Riemann BC, Shafran R, Simos G, Söchting I, Summerfeldt LJ, Szymanski J, Treanor M, Van Noppen B, van Oppen P, Whittal M, Williams MT, Williams T, Yadin E, Veale D. Knowledge and competency standards for specialized cognitive behavior therapy for adult obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2021; 303:113752. [PMID: 34273818 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a leading cause of disability world-wide (World Health Organization, 2008). Treatment of OCD is a specialized field whose aim is recovery from illness for as many patients as possible. The evidence-based psychotherapeutic treatment for OCD is specialized cognitive behavior therapy (CBT, NICE, 2005, Koran and Simpson, 2013). However, these treatments are not accessible to many sufferers around the world. Currently available guidelines for care are deemed to be essential but insufficient because of highly variable clinician knowledge and competencies specific to OCD. The phase two mandate of the 14 nation International OCD Accreditation Task Force (ATF) created by the Canadian Institute for Obsessive Compulsive Disorders is development of knowledge and competency standards for specialized treatments for OCD through the lifespan deemed by experts to be foundational to transformative change in this field. This paper presents knowledge and competency standards for specialized CBT for adult OCD developed to inform, advance, and offer a model for clinical practice and training for OCD. During upcoming ATF phases three and four criteria and processes for training in specialized treatments for OCD through the lifespan for certification (individuals) and accreditation (sites) will be developed based on the ATF standards.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Sookman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University Health Center, 1025 Pine Ave W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 845 Sherbrooke St W, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0G4, Canada.
| | - Katharine A Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine, 1300 York Ave, New York, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Gideon E Anholt
- Department of Psychology, Marcus Family Campus, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, P.O.B. 653 Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, 1 John St, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
| | - Victoria Bream
- Oxford Health Specialist Psychological Interventions Clinic and Oxford Cognitive Therapy Centre, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
| | - Fiona L Challacombe
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Anna Coughtrey
- Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom; UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford St, Holborn, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Michelle G Craske
- Anxiety and Depression Research Center, Depression Grant Challenge, Innovative Treatment Network, Staglin Family Music Center for Behavioral and Brain Health, UCLA Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Box 951563, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Edna Foa
- Center for the Treatment and Study of Anxiety, University of Pennsylvania Perelman SOM, 3535 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - Jean-Philippe Gagné
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St, West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Huppert
- Department of Psychology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Mt. Scopus, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel.
| | - David Jacobi
- Rogers Behavioral Health, 34700 Valley Road, Oconomowoc, WI, 53066, United States.
| | - Karina Lovell
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Carmen P McLean
- National Center for PTSD, Dissemination and Training Division, VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, 795 Willow Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States.
| | - Fugen Neziroglu
- Bio-Behavioral Institute, 935 Northern Boulevard, Suite 102, Great Neck, NY, 11021, United States.
| | - Rebecca Pedley
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom.
| | - Sean Perrin
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Box 213, 22100, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Anthony Pinto
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Zucker Hillside Hospital - Northwell Health, 265-16 74th Avenue, Glen Oaks, NY, 11004, United States.
| | - C Alec Pollard
- Center for OCD and Anxiety-Related Disorders, Saint Louis Behavioral Medicine Institute, 1129 Macklind Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, United States; Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, United States.
| | - Adam S Radomsky
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke St, West, Montreal, Quebec H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Bradley C Riemann
- 34700 Valley Road, Rogers Behavioral Health, Oconomowoc, WI, 53066, United States.
| | - Roz Shafran
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Hospital Institute of Child Health, Holborn, London, WC1N 1EH, United Kingdom.
| | - Gregoris Simos
- Department of Educational and Social Policy, University of Macedonia, 156 Egnatia Street, 54636 Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Ingrid Söchting
- Departments of Psychology, University of British Columbia, 2136 West Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Laura J Summerfeldt
- Department of Psychology, Trent University, 1600 West Bank Drive, Peterborough, K9L 0G2 Ontario, Canada.
| | - Jeff Szymanski
- International OCD Foundation, 18 Tremont Street, #308, Boston MA, 02108, United States.
| | - Michael Treanor
- Anxiety and Depression Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Box 951563, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA, United States.
| | - Barbara Van Noppen
- Clinical Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, OCD Southern California, 2514 Jamacha Road Ste, 502-35 El Cajon, CA, 92019, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar Street, Suite 2200, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, United States.
| | - Patricia van Oppen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute - Mental Health, Netherlands; GGZ inGeest Specialized Mental Health Care, Netherlands.
| | - Maureen Whittal
- Vancouver CBT Centre, 302-1765 W8th Avenue, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6J5C6, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| | - Monnica T Williams
- School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 136 Jean-Jacques Lussier Pvt, Ottawa, K1N 6N5, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Timothy Williams
- Department of Psychology, University of Reading, PO Box 217, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AH, United Kingdom.
| | - Elna Yadin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3535 Market Street, 2nd Floor, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
| | - David Veale
- South London and the Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust & King's College London, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8 AZ, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Engelbrecht R, Bhar S, Ciorciari J. Planting the SEED: A model to describe the functions of music in reminiscence therapy. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2021; 44:101441. [PMID: 34247028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2021.101441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Music-assisted reminiscence therapy involves the use of music, in any form, to prompt and augment the recollection of autobiographical memories and therapeutic reframing of the meaning of one's life and experiences. The functions of music in reminiscence therapy remains unclear. Drawing on interdisciplinary research in music therapy, psychology, sociology, gerontology, and neuroscience, this paper proposes a theoretical model for understanding the multiple functions of music when used in reminiscence therapy, and describes how music-assisted reminiscence therapy might be used to improve the wellbeing of older people. The SEED model proposes that music, when used together with reminiscence interventions, helps to: 1) summon autobiographical memories; 2) evoke strong emotional reactions; 3) elicit physiological responses; and 4) define identity. Evidence for the four proposed functions of music in reminiscence interventions is presented. The SEED model expands on previous research and theory on music and reminiscence, neural and cognitive processing, and the therapeutic use of music. The SEED model maps the benefits and indicators for the use of music in reminiscence therapy and provides a blueprint for research to test the purported benefits of using music to enhance reminiscence therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romy Engelbrecht
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
| | - Joseph Ciorciari
- School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fearn M, Harper R, Major G, Bhar S, Bryant C, Dow B, Dunt D, Mnatzaganian G, O'Connor D, Ratcliffe J, Samuel S, Bagnall AM, Doyle C. Befriending Older Adults in Nursing Homes: Volunteer Perceptions of Switching to Remote Befriending in the COVID-19 Era. Clin Gerontol 2021; 44:430-438. [PMID: 33403935 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2020.1868646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Residents in nursing homes are being isolated to prevent exposure to COVID-19. Many are prone to depression, anxiety and loneliness, and extra isolation leaves them vulnerable to compromised mental health. In this study, trained volunteers providing befriending for residents with symptoms of depression, anxiety and loneliness switched to remote befriending during COVID-19. The purpose of this study was to gauge volunteer perceptions of the switch.Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used to understand how switching to remote befriending impacted on volunteers and residents. A convenience sample of 18 participants responded to questions either in individual or group interviews.Results: Volunteers adapted their befriending visits, switching from face to face visits to remote options. The format was decided collaboratively. Hearing impairments hindered phone calls. Residents sometimes felt uncomfortable with digital technology but on the whole, the change to remote "visiting" was accepted.Conclusions: Further research is being conducted to gauge mental health outcomes for residents. Most volunteers and residents accepted the switch to remote befriending as better than no contact.Clinical implications: Volunteers can provide valuable support for residents living with social isolation during COVID-19. The format for social support needs to be decided collaboratively between volunteer and resident.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Fearn
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Robin Harper
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Georgia Major
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christina Bryant
- School Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,School Nursing, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- School Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sarah Samuel
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Marie Bagnall
- School of Health and Community Studies, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Colleen Doyle
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Doyle C, Bhar S, Bryant C, Dow B, Dunt D, Mnatzaganian G, O'Connor D, Ratcliffe J, You E, Bagnall AM, Major G, Harper R, Fearn M. BEFRIENding for Depression, Anxiety and Social support in older adults living in Australian residential aged care facilities (BEFRIENDAS): randomised controlled trial protocol. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:305. [PMID: 33980168 PMCID: PMC8115389 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02233-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This protocol describes an ongoing study of the impact of befriending on depression, anxiety and loneliness in older people living in residential aged care facilities in Australia. While systematic reviews of befriending have indicated positive benefits of befriending for people in a range of ages and settings, there have been no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of befriending for older people living in residential aged care with depression and no studies of the cost effectiveness of befriending in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) in Australia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We are conducting a single blind pragmatic RCT comparing two groups of older people living in RACFs, one receiving an intervention consisting of weekly befriending for 4 months from a trained volunteer and the other receiving treatment as usual. Participants undergo eligibility screening for depression (GDS-15 ≥ 4) and cognitive impairment (GPCog ≥ 4) and assessments at three measurement time points: baseline prior to randomisation, 2 months post-baseline and 4 months post-baseline. The primary outcome measure is depression, and secondary outcome measures are anxiety, loneliness, social isolation and quality of life. The economic evaluation will take the form of a cost-utility analysis based on the outcome of quality of life. The primary and secondary outcomes will be analysed using negative binomial and logistic regressions utilizing the Generalised Estimating Equations approach. DISCUSSION To our knowledge, this is the first RCT evaluating the effectiveness of befriending on older people with depression living in residential aged care. It is expected that the befriending intervention will reduce the severity of depression symptoms experienced by older people living in residential aged care. If the intervention proves effective it may be incorporated into volunteer training programs and adopted as a way of supporting older people's mental health. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registered with the Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) Number: ACTRN12619000676112 , registered 06/05/2019 - retrospectively registered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Doyle
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia. .,Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, John Street, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia. .,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125, Australia.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University, John Street, Hawthorn, 3122, Australia
| | - Christina Bryant
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - Briony Dow
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Burwood Highway, Burwood, 3125, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, 3010, Australia
| | | | - Daniel O'Connor
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Australia
| | - Julie Ratcliffe
- Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Emily You
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, The University of Melbourne, Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | | | - Georgia Major
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Robin Harper
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| | - Marcia Fearn
- Aged Care Division, National Ageing Research Institute, Poplar Road, Parkville, 3052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bhar S, Koder D, Davison T, Kelly J, Jayaram H, Silver M, Linossier J, Collins R. A clinician's quick guide of evidence‐based approaches: Psychological treatments for depression and anxiety with older adults living in residential aged care facilities. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Deborah Koder
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Tanya Davison
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | | | | | - Mark Silver
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Jenny Linossier
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Rebecca Collins
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leung WY, Bhar S, Reilly A, Pedell S. Discrepancies Between Community-Dwelling Individuals with Dementia and Their Proxies in Completing the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia: A Secondary Data Analysis. Clin Interv Aging 2021; 16:281-289. [PMID: 33623378 PMCID: PMC7896738 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s289595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Depressive symptoms are common in people with dementia. Purpose This study examined the discrepancies in the ratings of depressive symptoms between people with dementia and their family caregivers, and the extent to which these discrepancies varied according to the functional status of people with dementia. Participants and Methods This study is a cross-sectional secondary analysis. Twenty-five people living with dementia (“participants”) and their family caregivers (“proxies”) participated as pairs in the study (participant mean age = 71.36, SD = 8.63; proxy mean age = 67.54, SD = 11.46). Data were collected in Victoria, Australia between May 2018 and May 2019. Participants were administered a semi-structured interview comprising the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD). Proxies independently completed the CSDD and the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ). A paired sample t-test was used to investigate differences in CSDD scores between participants and proxies. Kendall’s tau-b correlation was used to examine the relationship between FAQ scores and discrepancy scores of CSDD. Participants were then classified into either low or high functional impairment. Mann–Whitney U-test was used to examine whether the discrepancy scores of CSDD were similar between these two groups. Intraclass correlation coefficients were calculated to indicate the level of agreement between participants and proxies in each group. Results The CSDD scores of participants were significantly lower than proxies. The size of the discrepancy in CSDD scores was positively correlated with FAQ scores. The “high functional impairment” group had larger discrepancy scores and a lower level of agreement than the “low functional impairment” group. Conclusion The findings highlighted that relying on proxy CSDD scores may not reflect estimates of depressive symptoms by people with dementia. Hence, both perspectives need to be taken into account, particularly when the level of functional impairment in dementia is advanced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Yin Leung
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Reilly
- Client Services Department, Dementia Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sonja Pedell
- Centre for Design Innovation, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chan P, Bhar S, Davison TE, Doyle C, Knight BG, Koder D, Laidlaw K, Pachana NA, Wells Y, Wuthrich VM. Characteristics and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for older adults living in residential care: a systematic review. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:187-205. [PMID: 31707790 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1686457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression and anxiety for older adults living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) needs to accommodate the care needs of residents and the circumstances of RACFs. This systematic review examines the delivery and content characteristics of these interventions, in relation to participant satisfaction, staff appraisal, uptake rate, attrition rate, and treatment effectiveness. Such a review could provide important information for the development of future CBT-based interventions. METHOD Studies that examined the application of CBT for depression or anxiety in RACFs were identified by systematically searching a number of relevant databases. Reference lists of all included studies were examined, and citation searches on the Web of Science were conducted. Two independent reviewers were involved in screening articles and in extracting data and assessing methodological quality of the selected studies. RESULTS Across the 18 studies included in this review, the most common therapeutic strategy was pleasant activities scheduling. Studies varied on treatment duration (2-24 weeks), number of sessions (6-24), and length of sessions (10-120 min). Residents and staff members were satisfied with the CBT interventions. The average uptake rate was 72.9%. The average attrition rate was 19.9%. Statistically significant results were reported in 8 of the 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs). In these eight RCTs, CBT was characterized by psychoeducation, behavioral activation, and problem-solving techniques; further, the therapists in six of these studies had training in psychology. CONCLUSION CBT interventions for depression and anxiety are acceptable to RACF residents and judged positively by staff members. Effective studies differed from non-effective studies on content and training characteristics, but not on other delivery features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Chan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bob G Knight
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | - Deborah Koder
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Ken Laidlaw
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yvonne Wells
- Lincoln Centre for Research on Ageing, Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquaire University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Davison TE, Koder D, Helmes E, Doyle C, Bhar S, Mitchell L, Hunter C, Knight B, Pachana N. Brief on the Role of Psychologists in Residential and Home Care Services for Older Adults. Australian Psychologist 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/ap.12209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Deborah Koder
- Specialist Mental Health Services for Older People, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital,
| | | | - Colleen Doyle
- Australian Catholic University, Villa Maria Catholic Homes,
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology,
| | | | | | - Bob Knight
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland,
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kyrios
- Brain & Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,
- Centre for Mental Health and Wellbeing Research, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Richard Moulding
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia,
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Brain & Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tran D, Bhar S. Predictors for treatment expectancies among young people who attend drug and alcohol services: A pilot study. CLIN PSYCHOL-UK 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/cp.12009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diem Tran
- Drug Health Services, Western Health, Footscray, Victoria, Australia,
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bhar S. The Psychology of Retirement Doreen Rosenthal and Susan Moore New York: Routledge, 2018, 112 pages, $140.00 hardback. Personnel Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/peps.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological SciencesFaculty of Health, Arts, and Design Swinburne University of Technology Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stargatt J, Bhar S, Bhowmik J, Al Mahmud A. Implementing Digital Storytelling for Health-Related Outcomes in Older Adults: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e15512. [PMID: 31859687 PMCID: PMC6942188 DOI: 10.2196/15512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of older adults is increasing rapidly worldwide. Older adults face a unique set of challenges and may experience a range of psychological comorbidities. Advances in multimedia technology have allowed for digital storytelling to be utilized as an intervention for health-related outcomes. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of the proposed systematic review is to examine the reported health-related outcomes for older adults engaged in digital storytelling. The review also aims to examine the methods associated with digital storytelling, characteristics of digital story products, and implementational considerations. METHODS This protocol adheres to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols. We will systematically search selected electronic databases to identify studies that meet our eligibility criteria. From the included studies, data will be extracted and synthesized using a narrative approach and summarized in tables. The methodological quality of the included studies will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. RESULTS Systematic searches, data extraction and analysis, and writing of the systematic review are expected to be completed by the end of 2019. CONCLUSIONS The proposed systematic review will summarize the existing studies using digital storytelling to improve health-related outcomes for older adults. Results from this review will provide an evidence base for the development of digital storytelling interventions that are effective and implementable with older adults. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/15512.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Stargatt
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Jahar Bhowmik
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Al Mahmud A, Slikboer R, Stargatt J, Bhar S. Computer-based cognitive interventions for mild cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults: protocol for a systematic review of published studies and meta-analysis. Syst Rev 2019; 8:231. [PMID: 31492180 PMCID: PMC6729043 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of older adults experience mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. Recent technological advances allow for traditional cognitive interventions to be administered via computers and other devices. The aim of the proposed systematic review and meta-analyses is to determine the efficacy of computerised cognitive interventions for MCI and dementia in older adults. METHODS We will systematically search electronic databases and reference lists to identify randomised controlled trials. We will include studies that examine the use of computer-based cognitive interventions for adults aged over 60 with MCI or dementia. Primarily outcomes are global and domain-specific cognitive function. Secondary outcomes are attitudes (usability, understandability, acceptability of the intervention), mood and quality of life. Risk of bias will be assessed. Finally, the summary effect sizes will be reported. DISCUSSION This systematic review will summarise existing high-quality primary studies on computerised-cognitive interventions for MCI and dementia. Results from this review will provide the basis for future research in developing computer-based interventions for this population. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016050236.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sunil Bhar
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Uddin MN, Bhar S, Islam FMA. An assessment of awareness of mental health conditions and its association with socio-demographic characteristics: a cross-sectional study in a rural district in Bangladesh. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19:562. [PMID: 31409332 PMCID: PMC6692949 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4385-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To assess the level of awareness, knowledge and help-seeking attitudes and behaviours in relation to mental health conditions (MHCs) and associations with socio-demographic characteristics of a rural district of Bangladesh. Methods We recruited 2425 adult samples (18–90 years) from a Cross-sectional study in Narial district of Bangladesh. Data on awareness, knowledge, help-seeking attitudes and practice in relation to six MHCs were collected. The MHCs were classified as common (depression, anxiety and drug addiction), and severe (psychosis, dementia and bipolar disorder). Associations of MHCs with socio-demographic characteristics were assessed using Chi-square tests. Rasch analysis was performed to transform the latent attribute (awareness) of MHCs from ordinal to interval scale. Multiple regression analysis was performed to determine how the socio-demographic characteristics contribute to the combined awareness score of MHCs. Results Of 2425 participants, 17 (0.7%) were cognizant of all the awareness construct of MHCs, and 1365 (56.28%) were not aware of any of MHCs. The prevalence of awareness of MHCs such as depression (8.5%), anxiety (6.2%), psychosis (3.5%), and bipolar disorder (3.3%), was found to be very low. Awareness was significantly lower in older adults, and in women. Higher levels of education (β 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58–1.97) associated with common MHCs and (β 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.95) those associated with severe MHCs contributed significantly to increased awareness as opposed to having no or primary level of education. Availability of sufficient funds when applied to common MHCs (β 0.43, 95% CI: 0.26–0.61) and severe MHCs (β 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13–0.38) appeared to be more effective in boosting awareness compared to unstable financial situations. Almost 100% of the participants who were aware of the MHCs demonstrated positive attitudes towards seeking medical or psychological counselling. Conclusions Awareness of MHCs appeared to be very limited. However, knowledgeable participants were found to be very receptive to medical or psychological counselling. For improving awareness of MHCs need to conduct various intervention programs in particular those campaigns that focus on women, older adults, low SES and people up to the primary levels of education. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-019-4385-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nazim Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia
| | - Fakir M Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology; Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, 3122, Australia.,Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Dariapur, Narail, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Reilly A, Bhar S, McCabe M. TD‐P‐06: AUGMENTED REALITY TECHNOLOGY FOR PEOPLE WITH DEMENTIA. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.4317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Swinburne University of Technology Melbourne Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kelly J, Jayaram H, Bhar S, Jesto S, George K. Psychotherapeutic skills training for nurses on an acute aged mental health unit: A mixed-method design. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2019; 28:501-515. [PMID: 30426645 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study examines the need for, and outcomes of, a psychotherapeutic skills training programme, within an acute psychogeriatric unit. Nursing staff were surveyed to explore their training needs in psychotherapeutic skills with inpatients diagnosed with depressive, anxiety, or neurocognitive disorders. Staff were then invited to participate in a focus group (n = 6) to identify content of such training, possible barriers, and an implementation strategy. Next, to ascertain the feasibility and acceptability of such training, materials and schedules were developed and piloted with a small group of nurses (n = 8), before being administered to nurses across the unit (n = 23). Impacts of training on the confidence and competence of nurses to use such skills were investigated. Of nurses surveyed (n = 20), 80% wanted to use psychotherapeutic skills in routine practice, but only 35% had received training in such skills in the last 5 years. Focus group results identified that nurses wanted training in skills related to engaging patients, responding to resistance from patients, problem solving, reminiscence, relaxation, and cognitive behaviour therapy. Nurses who underwent the pilot training reported increases in confidence and competence in using such skills. These findings were replicated in the unit-wide training programme and were found to be durable across a 3-month follow-up period. This study highlighted the training needs of nurses working in an inpatient psychogeriatric setting, approaches to implementing new skills, and benefits of training for nurses' levels of confidence and competence in using psychotherapeutic skills.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kelly
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hemalatha Jayaram
- Aged Persons Mental Health Service, Eastern Health, Forest Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sahaya Jesto
- Aged Persons Mental Health Service, Eastern Health, Forest Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kuruvilla George
- Aged Persons Mental Health Service, Eastern Health, Forest Hill, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Objective: Three studies were conducted to develop and validate the Gestalt Therapy Fidelity Scale (GTFS), a 21-item measure of treatment adherence for Gestalt Therapy (GT).Method: Thirty five items for possible inclusion in the GTFS were generated on the basis of a literature review. In Study 1, a Delphi methodology consulting 63 international GT experts was used to select items for the GTFS. In Study 2, six experts used the scale to rate video-based sessions of GT, and provided feedback on the usability of the scale. In Study 3, 176 participants from 18 countries used the GTFS to rate GT and not-GT video recorded sessions.Results: The Delphi study consensus method resulted in 25 items for consideration in the GTFS. The scoring system and items were subsequently revised following further feedback from experts (Study 2). The GTFS was found to significantly discriminate between GT and not-GT based sessions (Study 3): raters scored GT sessions significantly higher than not-GT sessions. High levels of internal and inter-rater reliability were found.Conclusion: The GTFS is supported as a psychometrically sound measure of treatment adherence for GT, and hence can be used to assess the degree to which therapists are administering GT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Fogarty
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen Theiler
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hughes ME, Nkyekyer J, Innes-Brown H, Rossell SL, Sly D, Bhar S, Pipingas A, Hennessy A, Meyer D. Hearing Aid Use in Older Adults With Postlingual Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e174. [PMID: 30368434 PMCID: PMC6229511 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults with postlingual sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) exhibit a poor prognosis that not only includes impaired auditory function but also rapid cognitive decline, especially speech-related cognition, in addition to psychosocial dysfunction and an increased risk of dementia. Consistent with this prognosis, individuals with SNHL exhibit global atrophic brain alteration as well as altered neural function and regional brain organization within the cortical substrates that underlie auditory and speech processing. Recent evidence suggests that the use of hearing aids might ameliorate this prognosis. Objective The objective was to study the effects of a hearing aid use intervention on neurocognitive and psychosocial functioning in individuals with SNHL aged ≥55 years. Methods All aspects of this study will be conducted at Swinburne University of Technology (Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia). We will recruit 2 groups (n=30 per group) of individuals with mild to moderate SNHL from both the community and audiology health clinics (Alison Hennessy Audiology, Chelsea Hearing Pty Ltd). These groups will include individuals who have worn a hearing aid for, at least, 12 months or never worn a hearing aid. All participants would be asked to complete, at 2 time points (t) including baseline (t=0) and follow-up (t=6 months), tests of hearing and psychosocial and cognitive function and attend a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) session. The MRI session will include both structural and functional MRI (sMRI and fMRI) scans, the latter involving the performance of a novel speech processing task. Results This research is funded by the Barbara Dicker Brain Sciences Foundation Grants, the Australian Research Council, Alison Hennessy Audiology, and Chelsea Hearing Pty Ltd under the Industry Transformation Training Centre Scheme (ARC Project #IC140100023). We obtained the ethics approval on November 18, 2017 (Swinburne University Human Research Ethics Committee protocol number SHR Project 2017/266). The recruitment began in December 2017 and will be completed by December 2020. Conclusions This is the first study to assess the effect hearing aid use has on neural, cognitive, and psychosocial factors in individuals with SNHL who have never used hearing aids. Furthermore, this study is expected to clarify the relationships among altered brain structure and function, psychosocial factors, and cognition in response to the hearing aid use. Trial Registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry: ACTRN12617001616369; https://anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?ACTRN=12617001616369 (Accessed by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70yatZ9ze) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR1-10.2196/9916
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew E Hughes
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Joanna Nkyekyer
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | | | - Susan L Rossell
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Monash-Alfred Psychiatry Centre, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Sly
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia.,Department of Otolaryngology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Alison Hennessy
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Centre for Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chan P, Bhar S, Davison TE, Doyle C, Knight BG, Koder D, Laidlaw K, Pachana NA, Wells Y, Wuthrich VM. Characteristics of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Older Adults Living in Residential Care: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e164. [PMID: 29973335 PMCID: PMC6053602 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence rates of depressive and anxiety disorders are high in residential aged care settings. Older adults in such settings might be prone to these disorders because of losses associated with transitioning to residential care, uncertainty about the future, as well as a decline in personal autonomy, health, and cognition. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is efficacious in treating late-life depression and anxiety. However, there remains a dearth of studies examining CBT in residential settings compared with community settings. Typically, older adults living in residential settings have higher care needs than those living in the community. To date, no systematic reviews have been conducted on the content and the delivery characteristics of CBT for older adults living in residential aged care settings. Objective The objective of this paper is to describe the systematic review protocol on the characteristics of CBT for depression and/or anxiety for older adults living in residential aged care settings. Methods This protocol was developed in compliance with the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). Studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria will be identified by systematically searching relevant electronic databases, reference lists, and citation indexes. In addition, the PRISMA flowchart will be used to record the selection process. A pilot-tested data collection form will be used to extract and record data from the included studies. Two reviewers will be involved in screening the titles and abstracts of retrieved records, screening the full text of potentially relevant reports, and extracting data. Then, the delivery and content characteristics of different CBT programs of the included studies, where available, will be summarized in a table. Furthermore, the Downs and Black checklist will be used to assess the methodological quality of the included studies. Results Systematic searches will commence in May 2018, and data extraction is expected to commence in July 2018. Data analyses and writing will happen in October 2018. Conclusions In this section, the limitations of the systematic review will be outlined. Clinical implications for treating late-life depression and/or anxiety, and implications for residential care facilities will be discussed. Trial Registration PROSPERO 42017080113; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=80113 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/70dV4Qf54) Registered Report Identifier RR1-10.2196/9902
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phoebe Chan
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tanya E Davison
- School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bob G Knight
- School of Psychology and Counselling, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australia
| | | | - Kenneth Laidlaw
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Nancy A Pachana
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yvonne Wells
- Lincoln Centre for Research on Ageing (Australian Institute for Primary Care and Ageing), La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia
| | - Viviana M Wuthrich
- Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Nkyekyer J, Meyer D, Blamey PJ, Pipingas A, Bhar S. Investigating the Impact of Hearing Aid Use and Auditory Training on Cognition, Depressive Symptoms, and Social Interaction in Adults With Hearing Loss: Protocol for a Crossover Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e85. [PMID: 29572201 PMCID: PMC5889491 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.8936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sensorineural hearing loss is the most common sensory deficit among older adults. Some of the psychosocial consequences of this condition include difficulty in understanding speech, depression, and social isolation. Studies have shown that older adults with hearing loss show some age-related cognitive decline. Hearing aids have been proven as successful interventions to alleviate sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to hearing aid use, the positive effects of auditory training—formal listening activities designed to optimize speech perception—are now being documented among adults with hearing loss who use hearing aids, especially new hearing aid users. Auditory training has also been shown to produce prolonged cognitive performance improvements. However, there is still little evidence to support the benefits of simultaneous hearing aid use and individualized face-to-face auditory training on cognitive performance in adults with hearing loss. Objective This study will investigate whether using hearing aids for the first time will improve the impact of individualized face-to-face auditory training on cognition, depression, and social interaction for adults with sensorineural hearing loss. The rationale for this study is based on the hypothesis that, in adults with sensorineural hearing loss, using hearing aids for the first time in combination with individualized face-to-face auditory training will be more effective for improving cognition, depressive symptoms, and social interaction rather than auditory training on its own. Methods This is a crossover trial targeting 40 men and women between 50 and 90 years of age with either mild or moderate symmetric sensorineural hearing loss. Consented, willing participants will be recruited from either an independent living accommodation or via a community database to undergo a 6-month intensive face-to-face auditory training program (active control). Participants will be assigned in random order to receive hearing aid (intervention) for either the first 3 or last 3 months of the 6-month auditory training program. Each participant will be tested at baseline, 3, and 6 months using a neuropsychological battery of computer-based cognitive assessments, together with a depression symptom instrument and a social interaction measure. The primary outcome will be cognitive performance with regard to spatial working memory. Secondary outcome measures include other cognition performance measures, depressive symptoms, social interaction, and hearing satisfaction. Results Data analysis is currently under way and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in June 2018. Conclusions Results from the study will inform strategies for aural rehabilitation, hearing aid delivery, and future hearing loss intervention trials. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03112850; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03112850 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xz12fD0B).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Nkyekyer
- Australian Research Council Training Centre in Biodevices, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter J Blamey
- Blamey and Saunders Hearing Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Uddin MN, Bhar S, Al Mahmud A, Islam FMA. Psychological distress and quality of life: rationale and protocol of a prospective cohort study in a rural district in Bangaladesh. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016745. [PMID: 28864700 PMCID: PMC5588978 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A significant proportion of the global burden of disease has been attributed to mental and behavioural disorders. People with mental disorders (MDs) have lower levels of health-related quality of life than those without MDs. Several studies have shown that in low-resource countries, a range of social determinants including poor health literacy is critical in the epidemiological transition of disease outcome. There is a lack of evidence of MDs literacy, the prevalence and risk factors of common mental health conditions, or any validated instruments to measure psychological distress or evaluate the quality of life in rural areas of Bangladesh. AIMS The aims of this study are: (1) report the awareness, knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) of MDs; (2) estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for psychological distress; (3) measure association of psychological distress and other socio-demographic factors with quality of life and (4) test the feasibility to use Kessler 10-item (K10) and WHO Quality Of Life-BREF (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires in rural Bangladesh for measuring psychological distress and quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A sample of 1500 adults aged 18-59 years and 1200 older adults aged 60-90 years will be interviewed from a multistage cluster random sample. Each participant will go through a face-to-face interview to assess their awareness and KAP of MDs. Information about the participant's sociodemographic and socioeconomic status will be collected along with the psychological distress (K10) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) questionnaires. Internal consistency, validity, reliability and item discrimination of K10 and WHOQOL-BREF instruments will be determined by using Rasch analysis and regression techniques. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Human Ethics Approval was received from the Swinburne University of Technology Human Ethics Committee. Results of this research will be disseminated via scientific forums including peer-reviewed publications and presentations at national and international conferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Nazim Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdullah Al Mahmud
- Centre for Design Innovation (CDI), School of Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fakir M Amirul Islam
- Department of Statistics, Data Science and Epidemiology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
- Organisation for Rural Community Development (ORCD), Narail, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Doyle C, Bhar S, Fearn M, Ames D, Osborne D, You E, Gorelik A, Dunt D. The impact of telephone-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy and befriending on mood disorders in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A randomized controlled trial. Br J Health Psychol 2017; 22:542-556. [PMID: 28544504 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objectives of this pragmatic randomized controlled trial were to investigate the impact of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) and an active social control (befriending) on depression and anxiety symptoms in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS Eligible participants were randomly allocated to receive eight weekly telephone interventions of CBT (n = 54) or befriending (n = 56). Repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess changes in scores and Cohen's d was used to assess effect sizes. RESULTS Significant improvement was observed in anxiety symptoms for the befriending group from baseline (T1) to post-intervention assessment (T2) and to 8-week follow-up assessment (T3), with a small to medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.3). Significant improvement was noted in depression symptoms from T1 to T2 for both groups, but only the CBT group had a significant difference at T3, with a small to medium effect size (Cohen's d = 0.4). For secondary outcomes, there was a significant change in COPD symptoms from T1 to T2 for the befriending group; however, at T3 this change was no longer significant. Finally, there was a significant change in general self-efficacy for both groups between T1 and T2, and T1 and T3. CONCLUSION Cognitive behaviour therapy reduced depression symptoms but not anxiety. Befriending reduced depression symptoms in the short term and anxiety symptoms in both the short term and long term. Further research is needed to demonstrate non-inferiority of telephone delivery compared with other formats, and to understand the impact of befriending which has the potential to be a cost-effective support for people with COPD. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Depression and anxiety are common comorbidities in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Mood disorders are not commonly routinely treated in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Telephone-administered CBT has been shown to be as effective as face-to-face CBT in reducing depression and anxiety. What does this study add? Telephone-administered CBT can reduce depression symptoms in people with COPD. Telephone-administered befriending can reduce anxiety and depression symptoms in people with COPD. People with COPD who have mood disorders would prefer to have CBT than befriending.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Doyle
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marcia Fearn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Debra Osborne
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily You
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alex Gorelik
- Melbourne Epicentre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fearn M, Bhar S, Dunt D, Ames D, You E, Doyle C. Befriending to Relieve Anxiety and Depression Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Case Report. Clin Gerontol 2017; 40:207-212. [PMID: 28452661 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2017.1292417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic lung disease characterized by airflow obstruction and shortness of breath, which as a result can severely limit activities of daily living. COPD sufferers are 85% more likely to develop anxiety disorders than healthy matched controls. Some of the factors that have been suggested to be associated with high anxiety in people with COPD include dyspnoea, the inability to perform daily activities or fulfil social roles, rehospitalisation and some COPD treatments. There is substantial evidence that cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is effective in managing mood disorders, but there is also some evidence that befriending can assist people. Befriending is an intervention that focuses on everyday conversation topics and can be delivered by volunteers with training and supervision. The case presented here illustrates the use of befriending provided over the phone for a participant with severe anxiety and depression. It was part of a larger RCT comparing CBT and befriending for the management of anxiety and depression in people with COPD. Symptoms were alleviated after a course of 8 weeks of befriending telephone calls from a volunteer. While befriending is not a substitute for CBT it may be useful in circumstances where CBT is not easily accessible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Fearn
- a National Ageing Research Institute , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- b Swinburne University of Technology , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - David Dunt
- c The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - David Ames
- a National Ageing Research Institute , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Emily You
- c The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Colleen Doyle
- a National Ageing Research Institute , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.,c The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia.,d Australian Catholic University , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Scanlan F, Jorm A, Reavley N, Meyer D, Bhar S. Treatment choices for depression: Young people's response to a traditional e-health versus a Health 2.0 website. Digit Health 2017; 3:2055207617690260. [PMID: 29942581 PMCID: PMC6001220 DOI: 10.1177/2055207617690260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This exploratory experimental study compared young people's credibility appraisals and behavioural intentions following exposure to depression treatment information on a Health 2.0 website versus a traditional website. The traditional website listed evidence-based treatment recommendations for depression as judged by field experts. The Health 2.0 website contained information about how helpful each treatment was, as aggregated from feedback from young people with lived experience of depression. METHOD Participants (n = 279) were provided with a vignette asking them to imagine that they had just received a diagnosis of depression and they had gone online to find information to guide their treatment choices. They were randomly allocated to view either the traditional or the Health 2.0 website, and were asked to rate the credibility of the depression treatment information provided. They were also asked to indicate the extent to which they would be likely to act on the advice of the website. RESULTS Participants in the traditional website condition rated their website as significantly more influential than did participants presented with the Health 2.0 website. This difference in treatment influence was fully accounted for the participants' perception of credibility of the information provided by the websites. CONCLUSION The traditional website was rated as significantly more credible and influential than the Health 2.0 website. Treatment decisions appeared to be based on the extent to which online information appears credible. In conclusion, health-related content was perceived by users as more credible when endorsed by experts than by other users, and perceived message credibility appears to be a powerful determinant of behavioural intentions within the e-health setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Faye Scanlan
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Anthony Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Nicola Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Australia
| | - Denny Meyer
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Meyer D, Abbott JA, Rehm I, Bhar S, Barak A, Deng G, Wallace K, Ogden E, Klein B. Development of a Suicidal Ideation Detection Tool for Primary Healthcare Settings: Using Open Access Online Psychosocial Data. Telemed J E Health 2016; 23:273-281. [PMID: 27662524 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2016.0110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal patients often visit healthcare professionals in their last month before suicide, but medical practitioners are unlikely to raise the issue of suicide with patients because of time constraints and uncertainty regarding an appropriate approach. INTRODUCTION A brief tool called the e-PASS Suicidal Ideation Detector (eSID) was developed for medical practitioners to help detect the presence of suicidal ideation (SI) in their clients. If SI is detected, the system alerts medical practitioners to address this issue with a client. The eSID tool was developed due to the absence of an easy-to-use, evidence-based SI detection tool for general practice. MATERIAL AND METHODS The tool was developed using binary logistic regression analyses of data provided by clients accessing an online psychological assessment function. Ten primary healthcare professionals provided advice regarding the use of the tool. RESULTS The analysis identified eleven factors in addition to the Kessler-6 for inclusion in the model used to predict the probability of recent SI. The model performed well across gender and age groups 18-64 (AUR 0.834, 95% CI 0.828-0.841, N = 16,703). Healthcare professionals were interviewed; they recommended that the tool be incorporated into existing medical software systems and that additional resources be supplied, tailored to the level of risk identified. CONCLUSION The eSID is expected to trigger risk assessments by healthcare professionals when this is necessary. Initial reactions of healthcare professionals to the tool were favorable, but further testing and in situ development are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denny Meyer
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Jo-Anne Abbott
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Imogen Rehm
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Sunil Bhar
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | | | - Gary Deng
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Klaire Wallace
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Edward Ogden
- 1 Swinburne University of Technology , Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Britt Klein
- 3 Federation University Australia , Ballarat, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cox GR, Bailey E, Jorm AF, Reavley NJ, Templer K, Parker A, Rickwood D, Bhar S, Robinson J. Development of suicide postvention guidelines for secondary schools: a Delphi study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:180. [PMID: 26912256 PMCID: PMC4765027 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2822-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide of school-aged adolescents is a significant problem, with serious implications for students and staff alike. To date, there is a lack of evidence regarding the most effective way for a secondary school to respond to the suicide of a student, termed postvention [(Crisis 33:208-214, 2012), (Crisis 34:164-182, 2013)]. The aim of this study was to employ the expert consensus (Delphi) methodology to the development of a set of guidelines, to assist English-speaking secondary schools to develop a plan to respond to a student suicide, or to respond to a suicide in the absence of a predetermined plan. METHODS The Delphi methodology was employed, which involved a two-stage process. Firstly, medical and research databases, existing postvention guidelines developed for schools, and lay literature were searched in order to identify potential actions that school staff could carry out following the suicide of a student. Based on this search, an online questionnaire was produced. Secondly, 40 experts in the area of suicide postvention from English-speaking countries were recruited and asked to rate each action contained within this questionnaire, in terms of how important they felt it was to be included in the postvention guidelines. A set of guidelines was developed based on these responses. In total, panel members considered 965 actions across three consensus rounds. RESULTS Five hundred fourty-eight actions were endorsed for inclusion into the postvention guidelines based on an 80% consensus agreement threshold. These actions were groups according to common themes, which are presented in the following sections: 1. Developing an Emergency Response Plan; 2. Forming an Emergency Response Team; 3. Activating the Emergency Response Team; 4. Managing a suspected suicide that occurs on school grounds; 5. Liaising with the deceased student's family; 6. Informing staff of the suicide; 7. Informing students of the suicide; 8. Informing parents of the suicide; 9. Informing the wider community of the suicide; 10. Identifying and supporting high-risk students; 11. Ongoing support of students; 12. Ongoing support of staff; 13. Dealing with the media; 14. Internet and social media; 15. The deceased student's belongings; 16. Funeral and memorial; 17. Continued monitoring of students and staff; 18. Documentation; 19. Critical Incident Review and annual review of the ER Plan; 20. Future prevention. Panel members frequently commented on every suicide being 'unique', and the need for flexibility in the guidelines, in order to accommodate the resources available, and the culture of the school community. CONCLUSION In order to respond effectively and safely to the suicide of a student, schools need to undertake a variety of postvention actions. These are the first set of postvention guidelines produced worldwide for secondary schools that are based on expert opinion using the Delphi method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgina R Cox
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
| | - Eleanor Bailey
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Centre for Mental Health, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Nicola J Reavley
- Centre for Mental Health, The Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 207 Bouverie Street, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Kate Templer
- University of Tasmania, Faculty of Health, Hobart, Tasmania, 7001, Australia.
| | - Alex Parker
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
- headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, 485 La Trobe St, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| | - Debra Rickwood
- headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, 485 La Trobe St, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Kirinari St, Bruce, Australian Capital Territory, 2601, Australia.
| | - Sunil Bhar
- Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, John Street, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122, Australia.
| | - Jo Robinson
- Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health and the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, 35 Poplar Rd, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.
- headspace National Youth Mental Health Foundation, 485 La Trobe St, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Doyle C, Dunt D, Ames D, Fearn M, You E(C, Bhar S. Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial of telephone-delivered cognitive behavior therapy compared with befriending for treating depression and anxiety in older adults with COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 11:327-34. [PMID: 26929616 PMCID: PMC4760208 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COPD is an umbrella term to describe chronic lung diseases that cause limitations in lung airflow, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis. The prevalence of depression and anxiety in people with COPD is high, although these comorbidities are often undiagnosed, untreated, or undertreated. There is a need to identify efficacious treatments for depression and anxiety in people with COPD. Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for the treatment of anxiety and depression has a strong evidence base. There has been some success delivering this treatment over the telephone in limited studies. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of both telephone-administered CBT and befriending on outcomes for patients with diagnosed COPD who have at least mild levels of depression and/or anxiety. METHODS The protocol described in this paper is of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial comparing eight sessions of telephone CBT to an active social control, referred to as befriending. Primary outcome measures will include depression and anxiety symptoms, and secondary outcome measures will include quality of life, self-efficacy, and COPD symptom severity. Participants' satisfaction with the intervention and therapeutic alliance will also be assessed. Measures will be taken pre- and postdelivery of the intervention and again at 8 weeks following the intervention. CONCLUSION People with COPD often have limitations to their mobility because of their breathlessness. They are often already attending many medical appointments and could be reluctant to attend for face-to-face psychological treatment. The results of this study should identify the relative efficacy of CBT delivered over the telephone to this population, which, if successful, may be a cost-effective and more palatable alternative to face-to-face treatment of depression or anxiety for this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Doyle
- Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- Centre for Health Policy, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marcia Fearn
- National Ageing Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Bhar S. Making evidence-based psychological treatments work with older adults edited by F.Scogin and A.Shah (Eds). American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 2012. 295 pp. ISBN 978-1-4338-1157-9. $AU 99.00. Australas J Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- Clinical Psychology Programs Convenor; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn Victoria Australia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Bhar S. Cognitive behavioral therapy with older people: Interventions for those with and without dementia. Australas J Ageing 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6612.2011.00579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Depression, hopelessness, and low self-esteem are implicated as vulnerability factors for suicide ideation. The association of self-esteem with suicide ideation after controlling for depressed mood and hopelessness was examined. Adult psychiatric outpatients (N = 338) completed measures of self-esteem, suicide ideation, hopelessness, and depression. Self-esteem was operationalized as beliefs about oneself (self-based self-esteem) and beliefs about how other people regard oneself (other-based self-esteem). Each dimension of self-esteem was negatively associated with suicide ideation after controlling for depression and hopelessness. Of the two dimensions of self-esteem, other-based self-esteem was the more robust predictor of suicide ideation. These findings suggest that even in the context of depression and hopelessness, low self-esteem may add to the risk for suicide ideation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Doron G, Kyrios M, Moulding R, Nedeljkovic M, Bhar S. We Do Not See Things as They Are, We See Them as We Are: A Multidimensional Worldview Model of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. J Cogn Psychother 2007. [DOI: 10.1891/088983907781494555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive-behavioral models of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) assign a central role to specific beliefs and coping strategies in the development, maintenance and exacerbation of obsessive-compulsive (OC) symptoms. These models also implicate perceptions of self and the world in the development and maintenance of OC phenomena (e.g., overestimation of threat, sociotropy, ambivalent or sensitive sense of self, looming vulnerability), although such self and world domains have not always been emphasized in recent research. Following recent recommendations (Doron & Kyrios, 2005), the present study undertook a multifaceted investigation of self and world perceptions in a nonclinical sample, using a coherent worldview framework (Janoff-Bulman, 1989, 1991). Beliefs regarding the self and the world were found to predict OC symptom severity over and above beliefs outlined in traditional cognitive-behavioral models of OCD. Self and world beliefs were also related to other OC-relevant beliefs. Implications of these findings for theory and treatment of OCD are discussed.
Collapse
|
45
|
Bhar S, Hodgins G, Eaton S. Three-year retrospective case study of a clinical psychology intern program within a rural mental health service. Australian Psychologist 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00050060500421626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Bhar
- Department of Psychology,, University of Melbourne
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine,, Monash University , Melbourne
| | - Gene Hodgins
- Department of Psychology,, University of Melbourne
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine,, Monash University , Melbourne
- Bendigo Health Care Group , Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Scott Eaton
- School of Psychology, Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine,, Monash University , Melbourne
- Bendigo Health Care Group , Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kyrios M, Bhar S, Wade D. The assessment of obsessive-compulsive phenomena: psychometric and normative data on the Padua Inventory from an Australian non-clinical student sample. Behav Res Ther 1996; 34:85-95. [PMID: 8561768 DOI: 10.1016/0005-7967(95)00039-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The Padua Inventory (PI) is a measure of obsessive-compulsive phenomena, which is used in clinical and research settings. One reason for the PI's growing acceptance is the emergence of a good deal of evidence supporting the adequacy of its reliability, convergent validity, and evidence supporting the stability of its factor structure. However, there have been some concerns about its discriminant validity. The use of the PI in Australia has been limited by the lack of local normative data and information about its psychometric properties. The cross-national validation of the PI has both theoretical and practical implications, and could add further evidence for its adequacy as a measure of obsessive-compulsive phenomena. Results from the present study found that the PI exhibited a similar but not identical factor structure compared to previous studies, consistently good reliability, adequate convergent validity, and differences in normative data compared with previous studies. Overall, while one may not necessarily assume the generalisability of normative data across different cultural contexts, there is a good deal of consistency in the psychometric properties of the PI. However, there is a need to further demonstrate the PI's discriminant validity, particularly for the "Urges and Worries" subscale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kyrios
- Department of Psychology, University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital Centre for Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|