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Dunipace L, Newcomb S, Stathopoulos A. brinker levels regulated by a promoter proximal element support germ cell homeostasis. Development 2022; 149:274023. [PMID: 35037688 PMCID: PMC8918798 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
A limited BMP signaling range in the stem cell niche of the ovary protects against germ cell tumors and promotes germ cell homeostasis. The canonical repressor of BMP signaling in both the Drosophila embryo and wing disc is the transcription factor Brinker (Brk), yet the expression and potential role of Brk in the germarium has not previously been described. Here, we find that brk expression requires a promoter-proximal element (PPE) to support long-distance enhancer action as well as to drive expression in the germarium. Furthermore, PPE subdomains have different activities; in particular, the proximal portion acts as a damper to regulate brk levels precisely. Using PPE mutants as well as tissue-specific RNA interference and overexpression, we show that altering brk expression within either the soma or the germline affects germ cell homeostasis. Remarkably, we find that Decapentaplegic (Dpp), the main BMP ligand and canonical antagonist of Brk, is upregulated by Brk in the escort cells of the germarium, demonstrating that Brk can positively regulate this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie Dunipace
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Susan Newcomb
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Angelike Stathopoulos
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster embryos develop initially as a syncytium of totipotent nuclei and subsequently, once cellularized, undergo morphogenetic movements associated with gastrulation to generate the three somatic germ layers of the embryo: mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. In this chapter, we focus on the first phase of gastrulation in Drosophila involving patterning of early embryos when cells differentiate their gene expression programs. This patterning process requires coordination of multiple developmental processes including genome reprogramming at the maternal-to-zygotic transition, combinatorial action of transcription factors to support distinct gene expression, and dynamic feedback between this genetic patterning by transcription factors and changes in cell morphology. We discuss the gene regulatory programs acting during patterning to specify the three germ layers, which involve the regulation of spatiotemporal gene expression coupled to physical tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelike Stathopoulos
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States.
| | - Susan Newcomb
- Division of Biology & Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
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Newcomb S, Voutev R, Jory A, Delker RK, Slattery M, Mann RS. cis-regulatory architecture of a short-range EGFR organizing center in the Drosophila melanogaster leg. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007568. [PMID: 30142157 PMCID: PMC6147608 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the establishment of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) organizing center (EOC) during leg development in Drosophila melanogaster. Initial EGFR activation occurs in the center of leg discs by expression of the EGFR ligand Vn and the EGFR ligand-processing protease Rho, each through single enhancers, vnE and rhoE, that integrate inputs from Wg, Dpp, Dll and Sp1. Deletion of vnE and rhoE eliminates vn and rho expression in the center of the leg imaginal discs, respectively. Animals with deletions of both vnE and rhoE (but not individually) show distal but not medial leg truncations, suggesting that the distal source of EGFR ligands acts at short-range to only specify distal-most fates, and that multiple additional ‘ring’ enhancers are responsible for medial fates. Further, based on the cis-regulatory logic of vnE and rhoE we identified many additional leg enhancers, suggesting that this logic is broadly used by many genes during Drosophila limb development. The EGFR signaling pathway plays a major role in innumerable developmental processes in all animals and its deregulation leads to different types of cancer, as well as many other developmental diseases in humans. Here we explored the integration of inputs from the Wnt- and TGF-beta signaling pathways and the leg-specifying transcription factors Distal-less and Sp1 at enhancer elements of EGFR ligands. These enhancers trigger a specific EGFR-dependent developmental output in the fly leg that is limited to specifying distal-most fates. Our findings suggest that activation of the EGFR pathway during fly leg development occurs through the activation of multiple EGFR ligand enhancers that are active at different positions along the proximo-distal axis. Similar enhancer elements are likely to control EGFR activation in humans as well. Such DNA elements might be ‘hot spots’ that cause formation of EGFR-dependent tumors if mutations in them occur. Thus, understanding the molecular characteristics of such DNA elements could facilitate the detection and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Newcomb
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Roumen Voutev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RV); (RSM)
| | - Aurelie Jory
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Rebecca K. Delker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Matthew Slattery
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Richard S. Mann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RV); (RSM)
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Newcomb S, Broadhurst L, Kissane K. Salmonella outbreak in an American child development center in Germany. Mil Med 1997; 162:783-7. [PMID: 9433081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In July 1993, an outbreak of Salmonella occurred in a U.S. Army child care center in Heidelberg, Germany. Sixteen children and 4 staff members had confirmed positive cultures; the center had an average census of 135 children during the time of the outbreak. Rectal swabs were done on all the children in rooms with symptomatic children or staff or in rooms with confirmed cases. A total of 246 rectal swabs was done initially, with 216 representing paired specimens. A case was defined as a staff member, child, or family member of an ill staff member or child who attended the center with diarrhea or abdominal pain with at least one of the following symptoms: diarrhea, fever, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, vomiting, or lethargy. The attack rate for the children was 40 of 86 (47%), and the attack rate for staff was 15 of 47 (32%). No associations were found when looking at the attack rates in each of the 10 rooms in the center. Complete environmental investigation revealed that the cook was preparing food 1 day before it was served. In addition, he was running the dishwasher without a sufficient amount of soap. Although food was not available for testing, the source of the Salmonella outbreak appears to be uncooked or inadequately cooked and prepared food with some person-to-person transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Newcomb
- Preventive Medicine Service, 95th Combat Support Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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Butler NM, Newcomb S. INVITATION TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS OF ARTS AND SCIENCE. Science 1904; 20:317. [PMID: 17797921 DOI: 10.1126/science.20.505.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. The Universe as an Organism. Science 1903; 17:121-9. [PMID: 17778998 DOI: 10.1126/science.17.421.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Pickering EC, Boss L, Hale GE, Langley SP, Newcomb S. CARNEGIE INSTITUTION. Science 1902; 15:549. [PMID: 17759469 DOI: 10.1126/science.15.379.549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Report of the Watson Trustees on the Award of the Watson Medal to David Gill. Science 1900; 11:721-6. [PMID: 17793491 DOI: 10.1126/science.11.280.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Newcomb S, Hall A, Young CA, Mendenhall TC, Woodward RS, Doolittle CL, Pickering WH, Searle A, Very FW, Todd DP, Myers GW, Fuertes EA, Elkin WL, Keeler JE. Discussion of a National Observatory. Science 1899; 9:467-76. [PMID: 17807565 DOI: 10.1126/science.9.222.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Aspects of American Astronomy. Science 1897; 6:709-21. [PMID: 17738250 DOI: 10.1126/science.6.150.709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. The Problems of Astronomy. Science 1897; 5:777-85. [PMID: 17836192 DOI: 10.1126/science.5.125.777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. American Judgments of American Astronomy. Science 1896; 3:284-6. [PMID: 17793865 DOI: 10.1126/science.3.60.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S, Gould BA, Hall A. Report of the Watson Trustees on the Award of the Watson Medal to Seth C. Chandler. Science 1895; 1:477-81. [PMID: 17781702 DOI: 10.1126/science.1.18.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S, James EJ, Laughlin JL. Views of Economists on the Silver Problem. Science 1886; 7:265-70. [PMID: 17834750 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-7.163s.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Professor Newcomb's Address Before the American Society for Psychical Research. Science 1886. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-7.158.145.c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Professor Newcomb's Address Before the American Society for Psychical Research. Science 1886. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-7.158.145-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Evidences of Glacial Action on the Shores of Lake Superior. Science 1886; 7:145-6. [PMID: 17835081 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-7.158.145-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Newcomb's 'Political economy.'. Science 1885; 6:495. [PMID: 17783916 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-6.148.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Mortality Experience of the Connecticut Mutual Life-Insurance Company. Science 1885; 5:379-80. [PMID: 17840422 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-5.118.379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Can Ghosts Be Investigated? Science 1884; 4:525-7. [PMID: 17773553 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-4.97.525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. President Eliot on a Liberal Education. Science 1884. [DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-3.71.704.c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. The Reproduction of
Clathrulina elegans. Science 1884; 3:435-6. [PMID: 17754569 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-3.62.435-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. Recent Determinations of Stellar Parallax. Science 1884; 3:456-7. [PMID: 17754578 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-3.62.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Newcomb S. The Units of Mass and Force. Science 1883; 2:493-4. [PMID: 17756166 DOI: 10.1126/science.ns-2.36.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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