1
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Cong I, Maskara N, Tran MC, Pichler H, Semeghini G, Yelin SF, Choi S, Lukin MD. Enhancing detection of topological order by local error correction. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1527. [PMID: 38378727 PMCID: PMC10879205 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45584-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The exploration of topologically-ordered states of matter is a long-standing goal at the interface of several subfields of the physical sciences. Such states feature intriguing physical properties such as long-range entanglement, emergent gauge fields and non-local correlations, and can aid in realization of scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation. However, these same features also make creation, detection, and characterization of topologically-ordered states particularly challenging. Motivated by recent experimental demonstrations, we introduce a paradigm for quantifying topological states-locally error-corrected decoration (LED)-by combining methods of error correction with ideas of renormalization-group flow. Our approach allows for efficient and robust identification of topological order, and is applicable in the presence of incoherent noise sources, making it particularly suitable for realistic experiments. We demonstrate the power of LED using numerical simulations of the toric code under a variety of perturbations. We subsequently apply it to an experimental realization, providing new insights into a quantum spin liquid created on a Rydberg-atom simulator. Finally, we extend LED to generic topological phases, including those with non-abelian order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Cong
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Minh C Tran
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Giulia Semeghini
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Soonwon Choi
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
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2
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Behrle T, Nguyen TL, Reiter F, Baur D, de Neeve B, Stadler M, Marinelli M, Lancellotti F, Yelin SF, Home JP. Phonon Laser in the Quantum Regime. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:043605. [PMID: 37566845 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.043605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a trapped-ion system with two competing dissipation channels, implemented independently on two ion species cotrapped in a Paul trap. By controlling coherent spin-oscillator couplings and optical pumping rates we explore the phase diagram of this system, which exhibits a regime analogous to that of a (phonon) laser but operates close to the quantum ground state with an average phonon number of n[over ¯]<10. We demonstrate phase locking of the oscillator to an additional resonant drive, and also observe the phase diffusion of the resulting state under dissipation by reconstructing the quantum state from a measurement of the characteristic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Behrle
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - T L Nguyen
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Reiter
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Baur
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B de Neeve
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Stadler
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M Marinelli
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Lancellotti
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - S F Yelin
- Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Quantum Center, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Wang DS, Flick J, Yelin SF. Chemical reactivity under collective vibrational strong coupling. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:224304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent experiments of chemical reactions in optical cavities have shown great promise to alter and steer chemical reactions, but still remain poorly understood theoretically. In particular, the origin of resonant effects between the cavity and certain vibrational modes in the collective limit is still subject to active research. In this paper, we study the unimolecular dissociation reactions of many molecules, collectively interacting with an infrared cavity mode, through their vibrational dipole moment. We find that the reaction rate can slow down by increasing the number of aligned molecules, if the cavity mode is resonant with a vibrational mode of the molecules. We also discover a simple scaling relation that scales with the collective Rabi splitting, to estimate the onset of reaction rate modification by collective vibrational strong coupling and numerically demonstrate these effects for up to 104 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S. Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, USA
- Department of Physics, City College of New York, New York, New York 10031, USA
- Department of Physics, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York 10016, USA
| | - Susanne F. Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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4
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Wang DS, Neuman T, Yelin SF, Flick J. Cavity-Modified Unimolecular Dissociation Reactions via Intramolecular Vibrational Energy Redistribution. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3317-3324. [PMID: 35389664 PMCID: PMC9036583 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
While the emerging field of vibrational polariton chemistry has the potential to overcome traditional limitations of synthetic chemistry, the underlying mechanism is not yet well understood. Here, we explore how the dynamics of unimolecular dissociation reactions that are rate-limited by intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution (IVR) can be modified inside an infrared optical cavity. We study a classical model of a bent triatomic molecule, where the two outer atoms are bound by anharmonic Morse potentials to the center atom coupled to a harmonic bending mode. We show that an optical cavity resonantly coupled to particular anharmonic vibrational modes can interfere with IVR and alter unimolecular dissociation reaction rates when the cavity mode acts as a reservoir for vibrational energy. These results lay the foundation for further theoretical work toward understanding the intriguing experimental results of vibrational polaritonic chemistry within the context of IVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S. Wang
- Harvard
John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Tomáš Neuman
- IPCMS
de Strasbourg, UMR 7504 (CNRS − Université
de Strasbourg), 67034 Strasbourg, France
| | - Susanne F. Yelin
- Department
of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
- E-mail:
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center
for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron
Institute, New York, New York 10010, United
States
- E-mail:
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5
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Wang DS, Anali İ, Yelin SF. Entangled photons from composite cascade emitters. Opt Express 2022; 30:11317-11330. [PMID: 35473079 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
One of the most versatile sources for entangled photons are emitters that interact via more than one tunable mechanism. Here, we demonstrate how hybridization and dipole-dipole interactions-potentially simultaneously available in colloidal quantum dots and molecular aggregates-leveraged in conjunction can couple simple, well understood emitters into composite emitters with flexible control over the level structure. We show that cascade decay through carefully designed level structures can result in emission of frequency-entangled photons with Bell states and three-photon GHZ states as example cases. These results pave the way toward rational design of quantum optical emitters of entangled photons.
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6
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Najafi K, Yelin SF, Gao X. The Development of Quantum Machine Learning. Harvard Data Science Review 2022. [DOI: 10.1162/99608f92.5a9fd72c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Khadijeh Najafi
- IBM Quantum, Thomas J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Yorktown Heights, New York, United States of America; Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Susanne F. Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Xun Gao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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7
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Wang DS, Yelin SF, Flick J. Defect Polaritons from First Principles. ACS Nano 2021; 15:15142-15152. [PMID: 34459200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Control over the optical properties of defects in solid-state materials is necessary for their application in quantum technologies. In this study, we demonstrate, from first principles, how to tune these properties via the formation of defect polaritons in an optical cavity. We show that the polaritonic splitting that shifts the absorption energy of the lower polariton is much higher than can be expected from a Jaynes-Cummings interaction. We also find that the absorption intensity of the lower polariton increases by several orders of magnitude, suggesting a possible route toward overcoming phonon-limited single-photon emission from defect centers. These findings are a result of an effective continuum of electronic transitions near the lowest-lying electronic transition that dramatically enhances the strength of the light-matter interaction. We expect our findings to spur experimental investigations of strong light-matter coupling between defect centers and cavity photons for applications in quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek S Wang
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Johannes Flick
- Center for Computational Quantum Physics, Flatiron Institute, New York, New York 10010, United States
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8
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Patti TL, Wild DS, Shahmoon E, Lukin MD, Yelin SF. Controlling Interactions between Quantum Emitters Using Atom Arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:223602. [PMID: 34152159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.223602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the potential for two-dimensional atom arrays to modify the radiation and interaction of individual quantum emitters. Specifically, we demonstrate that control over the emission linewidths, resonant frequency shifts, and local driving field enhancement in impurity atoms is possible due to strong dipole-dipole interactions within ordered, subwavelength atom array configurations. We demonstrate that these effects can be used to dramatically enhance coherent dipole-dipole interactions between distant impurity atoms within an atom array. Possible experimental realizations and potential applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor L Patti
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 761001, Israel
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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9
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Reiter F, Nguyen TL, Home JP, Yelin SF. Cooperative Breakdown of the Oscillator Blockade in the Dicke Model. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:233602. [PMID: 33337189 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.233602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Dicke model, which describes the coupling of an ensemble of spins to a harmonic oscillator, is known for its superradiant phase transition, which can both be observed in the ground state in a purely Hamiltonian setting, as well as in the steady state of an open-system Dicke model with dissipation. We demonstrate that, in addition, the dissipative Dicke model can undergo a second phase transition to a nonstationary phase, characterized by unlimited heating of the harmonic oscillator. Identifying the mechanism of the phase transition and deriving the scaling of the critical coupling with the system size we conclude that the novel phase transition can be understood as a cooperative breakdown of the oscillator blockade which otherwise prevents higher excitation of the system. We discuss an implementation with trapped ions and investigate the role of cooling, by which the breakdown can be suppressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florentin Reiter
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thanh Long Nguyen
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan P Home
- Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH Zürich, Otto-Stern-Weg 1, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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10
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Goldman ML, Patti TL, Levonian D, Yelin SF, Lukin MD. Optical Control of a Single Nuclear Spin in the Solid State. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:153203. [PMID: 32357057 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.153203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a novel method for coherent optical manipulation of individual nuclear spins in the solid state, mediated by the electronic states of a proximal quantum emitter. Specifically, using the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) color center in diamond, we demonstrate control of a proximal ^{14}N nuclear spin via an all-optical Raman technique. We evaluate the extent to which the intrinsic physical properties of the NV center limit the performance of coherent control, and we find that it is ultimately constrained by the relative rates of transverse hyperfine coupling and radiative decay in the NV center's excited state. Possible extensions and applications to other color centers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Goldman
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - T L Patti
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D Levonian
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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11
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Perczel J, Borregaard J, Chang DE, Yelin SF, Lukin MD. Topological Quantum Optics Using Atomlike Emitter Arrays Coupled to Photonic Crystals. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:083603. [PMID: 32167350 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.083603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose an experimentally feasible nanophotonic platform for exploring many-body physics in topological quantum optics. Our system is composed of a two-dimensional lattice of nonlinear quantum emitters with optical transitions embedded in a photonic crystal slab. The emitters interact through the guided modes of the photonic crystal, and a uniform magnetic field gives rise to large topological band gaps, robust edge states, and a nearly flat band with a nonzero Chern number. The presence of a topologically nontrivial nearly flat band paves the way for the realization of fractional quantum Hall states and fractional topological insulators in a topological quantum optical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perczel
- Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borregaard
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- QMATH, Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA-Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08015 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S F Yelin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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12
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Abstract
We show that a nonlinear optical response associated with a resonant, atomically thin material can be dramatically enhanced by placing it in front of a partially reflecting mirror, rendering otherwise weakly nonlinear systems suitable for experiments and applications involving quantum nonlinear optics. Our approach exploits the nonlinear response of long-lived polariton resonances that arise at particular distances between the material and the mirror. The scheme is entirely based on free-space optics, eliminating the need for cavities or complex nanophotonic structures. We analyze a specific implementation based on exciton-polariton resonances in two-dimensional semiconductors and discuss the role of imperfections and loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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13
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Perczel J, Borregaard J, Chang DE, Pichler H, Yelin SF, Zoller P, Lukin MD. Topological Quantum Optics in Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:023603. [PMID: 28753358 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.023603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that two-dimensional atomic emitter arrays with subwavelength spacing constitute topologically protected quantum optical systems where the photon propagation is robust against large imperfections while losses associated with free space emission are strongly suppressed. Breaking time-reversal symmetry with a magnetic field results in gapped photonic bands with nontrivial Chern numbers and topologically protected, long-lived edge states. Due to the inherent nonlinearity of constituent emitters, such systems provide a platform for exploring quantum optical analogs of interacting topological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Perczel
- Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - J Borregaard
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - D E Chang
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Pichler
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - S F Yelin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - M D Lukin
- Physics Department, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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14
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Shahmoon E, Wild DS, Lukin MD, Yelin SF. Cooperative Resonances in Light Scattering from Two-Dimensional Atomic Arrays. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:113601. [PMID: 28368620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.113601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We consider light scattering off a two-dimensional (2D) dipolar array and show how it can be tailored by properly choosing the lattice constant of the order of the incident wavelength. In particular, we demonstrate that such arrays can operate as a nearly perfect mirror for a wide range of incident angles and frequencies, and shape the emission pattern from an individual quantum emitter into a well-defined, collimated beam. These results can be understood in terms of the cooperative resonances of the surface modes supported by the 2D array. Experimental realizations are discussed, using ultracold arrays of trapped atoms and excitons in 2D semiconductor materials, as well as potential applications ranging from atomically thin metasurfaces to single photon nonlinear optics and nanomechanics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephraim Shahmoon
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Dominik S Wild
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Susanne F Yelin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge Massachusetts 02138, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
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15
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Abstract
Separability criteria are typically of the necessary, but not sufficient, variety, in that satisfying some separability criterion, such as positivity of eigenvalues under partial transpose, does not strictly imply separability. Certifying separability amounts to proving the existence of a decomposition of a target mixed state into some convex combination of separable states; determining the existence of such a decomposition is "hard." We show that it is effective to ask, instead, if the target mixed state "fits" some preconstructed separable form, in that one can generate a sufficient separability criterion relevant to all target states in some family by ensuring enough degrees of freedom in the preconstructed separable form. We demonstrate this technique by inducing a sufficient criterion for "diagonally symmetric" states of N qubits. A sufficient separability criterion opens the door to study precisely how entanglement is (not) formed; we use ours to prove that, counterintuitively, entanglement is not generated in idealized Dicke model superradiance despite its exemplification of many-body effects. We introduce a quantification of the extent to which a given preconstructed parametrization comprises the set of all separable states; for "diagonally symmetric" states our preconstruction is shown to be fully complete. This implies that our criterion is necessary in addition to sufficient, among other ramifications which we explore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Wolfe
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - S F Yelin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Guin-Dar Lin
- a Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Harvard Physics Department , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
| | - Susanne F. Yelin
- a Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics and Harvard Physics Department , Cambridge , MA , 02138 , USA
- b Department of Physics , University of Connecticut , Storrs , CT , 06269 , USA
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17
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Bhongale SG, Mathey L, Zhao E, Yelin SF, Lemeshko M. Quantum phases of quadrupolar Fermi gases in optical lattices. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:155301. [PMID: 25167282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.155301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new platform for quantum simulation of many-body systems based on nonspherical atoms or molecules with zero dipole moments but possessing a significant value of electric quadrupole moments. We consider a quadrupolar Fermi gas trapped in a 2D square optical lattice, and show that the peculiar symmetry and broad tunability of the quadrupole-quadrupole interaction results in a rich phase diagram encompassing unconventional BCS and charge density wave phases, and opens up a perspective to create a topological superfluid. Quadrupolar species, such as metastable alkaline-earth atoms and homonuclear molecules, are stable against chemical reactions and collapse and are readily available in experiment at high densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Bhongale
- School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - L Mathey
- Zentrum für Optische Quantentechnologien and Institut für Laserphysik, Universität Hamburg, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Erhai Zhao
- School of Physics, Astronomy, and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia 22030, USA
| | - S F Yelin
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - Mikhail Lemeshko
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA and Department of Physics, Harvard University, 17 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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18
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Lamata L, Leibrandt DR, Chuang IL, Cirac JI, Lukin MD, Vuletić V, Yelin SF. Ion crystal transducer for strong coupling between single ions and single photons. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:030501. [PMID: 21838337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new approach for the realization of a quantum interface between single photons and single ions in an ion crystal is proposed and analyzed. In our approach the coupling between a single photon and a single ion is enhanced via the collective degrees of freedom of the ion crystal. Applications including single-photon generation, a memory for a quantum repeater, and a deterministic photon-photon, photon-phonon, or photon-ion entangler are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lamata
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, Hans-Kopfermann-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany.
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Abstract
We theoretically explore an all-optical method for generating tunable diffractive Fresnel lenses in coherent media based on electromagnetically induced transparency. In this method, intensity-modulated images in coupling light fields can pattern the coherent media to induce the desired modulo-2π quadratic phase profiles for the lenses to diffract probe light fields. We characterize the focusing and imaging properties of the induced lenses. In particular, we show that the images in coupling fields can flexibly control the images in probe fields by diffraction, where large focal length tunability from 1 m to infinity and high output (∼ 88% diffraction efficiency) can be achieved. Additionally, we also find that the induced Fresnel lenses can be rapidly modulated with megahertz refresh rates using image-bearing square pulse trains in coupling fields. Our proposed lenses may find a wide range of applications for multimode all-optical signal processing in both the classical and quantum regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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20
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Kuznetsova E, Rittenhouse ST, Sadeghpour HR, Yelin SF. Rydberg atom mediated polar molecule interactions: a tool for molecular-state conditional quantum gates and individual addressability. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:17115-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cp21476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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Abstract
We show theoretical evidence that coherent systems based on electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) can function as optically addressed spatial light modulators with megahertz modulation rates. The transverse spatial properties of cw probe fields can be modulated fast using two-dimensional optical patterns. To exemplify our proposal, we study real-time generation and manipulation of Laguerre-Gaussian beams by means of phase or amplitude modulation using flat-top image-bearing pulse trains as coupling fields in low-cost hot vapor EIT systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhao
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.
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22
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Kästel J, Fleischhauer M, Yelin SF, Walsworth RL. Tunable negative refraction without absorption via electromagnetically induced chirality. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:073602. [PMID: 17930895 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.073602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We show that negative refraction with minimal absorption can be obtained by means of quantum interference effects similar to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Coupling a magnetic dipole transition coherently with an electric dipole transition leads to electromagnetically induced chirality, which can provide negative refraction without requiring negative permeability and also suppress absorption. This technique allows negative refraction in the optical regime at densities where the magnetic susceptibility is still small and with refraction/absorption ratios that are orders of magnitude larger than those achievable previously. Furthermore, the refractive index can be fine-tuned, which is essential for practical realization of subdiffraction-limit imaging. As with EIT, electromagnetically induced chirality should be applicable to a wide range of systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Kästel
- Fachbereich Physik, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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23
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Lukin MD, Yelin SF, Fleischhauer M. Entanglement of atomic ensembles by trapping correlated photon states. Phys Rev Lett 2000; 84:4232-4235. [PMID: 10990653 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.4232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We describe a general technique that allows for an ideal transfer of quantum correlations between light fields and metastable states of matter. The technique is based on trapping quantum states of photons in coherently driven atomic media, in which the group velocity is adiabatically reduced to zero. We discuss possible applications such as quantum state memories, generation of squeezed atomic states, preparation of entangled atomic ensembles, quantum information processing, and quantum networking.
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Affiliation(s)
- MD Lukin
- ITAMP, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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