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Abstract
Surface modified tapioca starch was developed by enzyme treatment (using STARGEN™ 002 enzyme) and alcohol-enzyme treatment. The effects of acetylation treatment on surface modified tapioca starches were evaluated for acetyl content (Ac%), degree of substitution (DS), morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal properties, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. After acetylation treatment, Ac% and DS value of the samples were significantly increased for acetylated (0.67% and 0.03), enzyme-acetylated (1.13% and 0.04), and alcohol-enzyme acetylated (1.76% and 0.07). The acetylation treatment led to the formation of a few starch granules due to the introduction of hydrophilic groups of acetyl molecules into starch granules. The incorporation of acetyl groups into starch molecules also was shown at peak 1750 cm-1 , 1369 cm-1 , and 1230 cm-1 in the FTIR spectra. The enzyme-acetylated and alcohol-enzyme acetylated starch granules retained the A-type crystalline structure with decreased in the gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) after acetylation.
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Ali N, Shaari S, Hambali NAMA, Liza MA, Rashidi CBM. Implementation of CWDM technique in access network. EPJ Web Conf 2017; 162:01034. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201716201034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
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Teh LK, Subramaniam V, Tuan Abdu Aziz TA, Lee LS, Ismail MI, Yu CY, Ang GY, James Johari R, Ismet RI, Sahak NS, Ahmad A, Rahman TA, Nor Ghazali FM, Shaari S, Omar M, Ismail AI, Md Isa K, Salleh H, Salleh MZ. Systematic characterization and comparison of the CYP2C9 variability of the Orang Asli in Malaysia with 12 populations. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2016; 31:304-13. [PMID: 27325019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic characterization of CYP2C9 variants in 61 Orang Asli and 96 Singaporean Malays using the whole genome sequences data and compared the variants with the other 11 HapMap populations. The frequency of rs1057910 (CYP2C9*3) is the highest in the Orang Asli compared to other populations. Three alleles with clinical implication were detected in the Orang Asli while 2 were found in the Singaporean Malays. Large numbers of the Orang Asli are predicted to have reduced metabolic capacity and therefore they would require a lower dose of drugs which are metabolized by CYP2C9. They are also at increased risks of adverse effects and therapeutic failures. A large number of CYP2C9 variants in the Orang Asli were not in the Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium which could be due to small sample size or mutations that disrupt the equilibrium of allele frequencies. In conclusion, different polymorphism patterns, allele frequencies, genotype frequencies and LD blocks are observed between the Orang Asli, the Singaporean Malays and the other populations. The study provided new information on the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C9 which is important for the implementation of precision medicine for the Orang Asli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia.
| | - Vinothini Subramaniam
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | | | - Lian Shien Lee
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Izwan Ismail
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Choo Yee Yu
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Geik Yong Ang
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Richard James Johari
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Rose Iszati Ismet
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Noor Saadah Sahak
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Ahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Mustaffa Omar
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia
| | | | | | - Hood Salleh
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia; Institut Alam Sekitar dan Pembangunan (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute (iPROMISE), Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia.
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Ehsan A, Shaari S, Rahman MA. Design and fabrication of a metal-based asymmetric and variable Y-branch plastic optical fibre coupler. IJMPT 2014; 49:18. [DOI: 10.1504/ijmpt.2014.062937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Reshak AH, Shahimin MM, Shaari S, Johan N. Surface modification via wet chemical etching of single-crystalline silicon for photovoltaic application. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2013; 113:327-32. [PMID: 24139943 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2013.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The potential of solar cells have not been fully tapped due to the lack of energy conversion efficiency. There are three important mechanisms in producing high efficiency cells to harvest solar energy; reduction of light reflectance, enhancement of light trapping in the cell and increment of light absorption. The current work represent studies conducted in surface modification of single-crystalline silicon solar cells using wet chemical etching techniques. Two etching types are applied; alkaline etching (KOH:IPA:DI) and acidic etching (HF:HNO3:DI). The alkaline solution resulted in anisotropic profile that leads to the formation of inverted pyramids. While acidic solution formed circular craters along the front surface of silicon wafer. This surface modification will leads to the reduction of light reflectance via texturizing the surface and thereby increases the short circuit current and conversion rate of the solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Reshak
- Institute of Complex Systems, FFPW, CENAKVA, University of South Bohemia in CB, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic; Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology, School of Material Engineering, University Malaysia Perlis, 01007 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia.
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Mukhtar WM, Menon PS, Shaari S, Malek MZA, Abdullah AM. Angle Shifting in Surface Plasmon Resonance: Experimental and Theoretical Verification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/431/1/012028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Hussin M, Yaacob A, Rahman R, Zain Z, Shaari S, Omar A. Monitoring results of Malaysian Building Integrated PV Project in Grid-connected Photovoltaic system in Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5923/j.ep.20120203.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Rashid ARA, Menon PS, Shaari S, Abdullah M, Khairurrijal. Effect of Annealing Temperature on the Structural and Optical Properties of Zn[sub 1−x]Mn[sub x]O. AIP Conference Proceedings 2010. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3515527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Ehsan AA, Shaari S, Abd Rahman MK. Metal-based 1X2 plastic optical fiber (POF) splitter for video over POF system application. SPIE Proceedings 2009. [DOI: 10.1117/12.852492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Ngan KW, Shaari S, Subramaniam T. Juxtarenal/pararenal Wilms' tumour in a six-year-old Malay girl. Singapore Med J 2009; 50:e329-e331. [PMID: 19787163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report a six-year-old Malay girl who presented with a right retroperitoneal tumour that measured 7.5 cm in diameter. A wide excision of the lesion was performed. The tumour was separated from a normal-appearing right kidney by a capsule. Microscopically, this well-encapsulated tumour was composed of classical triphasic components: epithelial, mesenchymal and blastemal areas. The immunohistochemical study showed WT1 expression in the blastemal area. Thus, a diagnosis of Wilms' tumour with favourable histology was made. The patient was well for 12 months. Extrarenal Wilms' tumour is uncommon, with the majority of cases occurring in the retroperitoneal and inguinal areas. Wilms' tumour that is not arising from the intrarenal area but shares a common capsule with the ipsilateral kidney, is even rarer. Indeed, our case would be more appropriately classified as juxtarenal/pararenal Wilms' tumour. Despite its rarity, an extrarenal or even juxtarenal/pararenal Wilms' tumour should be included in the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Ngan
- Department of Pathology, Serdang Hospital, Jalan Puchong, Kajang 43000, Malaysia.
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Bakar AAA, Mahdi MA, Al-Mansoori MH, Shaari S, Zamzuri AK. Opto-optical gain-clamped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier with C-band control signal. Appl Opt 2009; 48:2340-2343. [PMID: 19381186 DOI: 10.1364/ao.48.002340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an opto-optical gain-clamped L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier by manipulating the C-band lasing wavelength as the control signal. The L-band gain-clamped value is achieved by tuning the control laser in the C-band wavelength range that propagates in the opposite direction to the L-band signal. Within the wavelength range of 1538 nm and 1560 nm, the L-band gain decreases linearly with the increment of the C-band lasing wavelength. The L-band gain dynamic range decreases with the increment of the cavity loss. By combining two different levels of cavity loss, the gain dynamic range of 10 dB from 11 dB to 21 dB is achieved with an average noise figure of less than 5.9 dB. The whole gain spectrum of the L-band can be used for multiple-channel amplification because the laser is created outside its signal band.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A A Bakar
- Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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