Clinical and Genetic Description of Hereditary Chronic Pancreatitis in Pakistani Children

BACKGROUND/AIMS

The purpose of this study was to identify the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic variants as well as the clinical and genetic insight of hereditary chronic pancreatitis in Pakistani children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The deoxyribonucleic acid of affected probands of 44 unrelated Pakistani families, having hereditary chronic pancreatitis-affected children, were subjected to massive parallel sequencing for candidate reported genes (SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, CPA1, CTRC, CBS, AGL, PHKB, and LPL). Data were analyzed using different bioinformatics tools for the variants and in-silico analysis. All the identified variants were validated by direct sequencing of the targeted exons in the probands and their parents.

RESULTS

There were 50 patients included in this study with confirmed hereditary chronic pancreatitis. Nine known mutations in SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, CTRC, CBS, and AGL genes, and 10 novel variants in LPL, CFTR, CTR, and PHKB genes were identified. The identified variants were found in heterozygous, compound heterozygous, and trans-heterozygous forms, with rare allele frequency in the normal population. The novel variants were [c.378C>T(p.Lys126Asn) and c.719G>A(p.Arg240Gln) in CTRC, c.586-3C>A and c.763A>G(p.Arg255Gly) in CPA1, c.1160_1161insT(p.Lys387Asnfs*26), c.784C>T(p.Gln262*), c.1139+1G>A, c.175G>A(p.Gly59Arg) in LPL, c.388C>G(p.leu130val) in CFTR, and c.2327G>A(p.Arg776His in PHKB)]. The phenotypic characteristics were variable and correlated with the relevant variant.

CONCLUSIONS

The genetic composition plays a significant role in the predisposition of hereditary chronic pancreatitis. The clinical presentation varies with the genetic determinant involved. This information would help in building up a diagnostic algorithm for our population that can be used for genetic screening services in affected cohorts.

Assessment of Quality of Life Among Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Objective: To evaluate the quality of life among children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by the inflammatory bowel disease questionnaire. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital and Institution of Child Health, Lahore Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Apr 2021. Methodology: A total of 60 cases (Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis) were enrolled in the study. Quality of life was measured according to the Modified IMPACT-III questionnaire. Results: There were 38(63.3%) males and 22(36.7%) female children. The mean age was 9.57±3.40 years, while 33(55.0%) children were above ten years. The mean maternal age was found to be 37.10±4.09 years. There were 36(60.0%) children with Crohn's disease, while 24(40.0%) had ulcerative colitis. Children with Crohn's disease were found to have a significantly low quality of life compared to children in the ulcerative colitis group in the social domain (p<0.05). In addition, children with ulcerative colitis had a significantly low quality of life with regard to bowel symptoms (p<0.05). Conclusion: Overall scores showed a low quality of life among children with IBD. Children with Crohn's disease had significantly low social QoL, while children with ulcerative colitis showed significantly low QoL regarding bowel symptoms.

Investigation of change in surface area and grain size of cadmium titanate nanofibers upon annealing and their effect on oxygen sensing

We have investigated the phase changes in CdTiO3 nanofibers as the annealing temperature of nanofibers was increased from 600 to 1200 °C. The nanofibers annealed at 600 °C were ilmenite with a very small amount of CdO. Upon annealing at 950 °C, CdO was completely removed. Annealing at 1000 °C yielded pure perovskite nanofibers, and at temperatures above 1100 °C rutile TiO2 nanofibers were obtained. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis showed that with increase in annealing temperature the surface area of nanofibers was decreased. The nanofibers annealed at 600 °C have the higher surface area of ∼9.41 m(2)/g. Then oxygen sensors using CdTiO3 nanofibers annealed at 600 °C (ilmenite) and 1000 °C (perovskite) were fabricated. The sensitivity of the ilmenite nanofibers sensor was 2 times than that of the perovskite nanofibers sensor. The response and recovery times were 120 and 23 s, respectively, for the ilmenite nanofibers sensor, whereas response and recovery times were 156 and 50 s, respectively, for the perovskite nanofibers sensor. Better oxygen characteristics of ilmenite nanofibers are attributed to their large surface area and porosity. Therefore, we believe that ilmenite CdTiO3 nanofibers are potential candidates to develop practical oxygen sensors.