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Emanuel E, Slater L, Croxford S, Edmundson C, Ibitoye A, Njoroge J, Ijaz S, Hope V, Platt L, Phipps E, Desai M. Adverse health outcomes among people who inject drugs who engaged in recent sex work: findings from a national survey. Public Health 2023; 225:79-86. [PMID: 37922590 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explores trends in sex work among people who inject drugs (PWID) by gender and the relationship between sex work and adverse health outcomes including overdose, injection-site, and blood-borne virus (BBV) infections. STUDY DESIGN The Unlinked Anonymous Monitoring Survey of PWID is an annual cross-sectional survey that monitors BBV prevalence and behaviours, including transactional sex, among PWID recruited through specialist services in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. METHODS Trends in sex work among PWID (2011-2021) were described. Data were analysed to assess differences between PWID who engaged in sex work in the past year (sex workers [SWs]) and those who did not (non-SWs) by gender (Pearson Chi2 tests) (2018-2021). Associations between sex work in the past year and adverse health outcomes were investigated using logistic regression. RESULTS Between 2011 and 2021, sex work among PWID remained stable, with 31% of women and 6.3% of men who inject, reporting having ever engaged in sex work, and 14% of women and 2.2% of men engaging in sex work in the past year. Between 2018 and 2021, SWs had greater odds of reporting symptoms of an injection-site infection (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.68 [95% confidence interval {CI}: 1.31-2.16], P < 0.001) and reporting overdose (aOR: 2.21 [CI: 1.74-2.80], P < 0.001) than non-SWs had in the past year. Among men, SWs had 243% greater odds of having HIV than non-SWs (aOR: 3.43 [CI: 1.03-11.33], P = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Our findings highlight disproportionate vulnerability and intersection of overlapping risk factors experienced by PWID SWs and a need for tailored interventions which are inclusive and low-threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Emanuel
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - L Slater
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom.
| | - S Croxford
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom; St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Prescot, United Kingdom
| | - C Edmundson
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Ibitoye
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Njoroge
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Ijaz
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Hope
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom; Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - L Platt
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Phipps
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Desai
- Blood Safety, Hepatitis, STI and HIV Service, UK Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom
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Ijaz S, Shaheen S, Shahzadi I, Muhammad T. Modulated complexed stenosed region consequences under the electroosmotic stimulation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17862. [PMID: 37857804 PMCID: PMC10587118 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45210-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study analyzes the theoretical consequences of slip effects in a complex stenosed region. The flow of blood in a stenosed region is incorporated with hybrid nanofluid features which are being prepared with copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. The flow is also intensified by applying an electric field in the axial direction. The governing equations for the proposed paradigm are solved and the corresponding closed-form solutions are obtained for the cases of mild stenosis. Parameters such as Electro-osmotic, velocity slip and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski are specially focused in this study. The heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress and resistance impedance for the flow are precisely determined. The various parameters that influence the physical characteristics of flow are plotted, and their effects are discussed in detail. The present model has the potential application in medical pumps for drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - S Shaheen
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Shahzadi
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Taseer Muhammad
- Department of Mathematics, King Khalid University, 62529, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Arshad Cheema H, Fayyaz Z, Saeed A, Nadeem Anjum M, Ijaz S, Alvi MA, Batool SS. Clinical and Genetic Description of Hereditary Chronic Pancreatitis in Pakistani Children. Turk J Gastroenterol 2023; 34:1088-1098. [PMID: 37603299 PMCID: PMC10645277 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The purpose of this study was to identify the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic variants as well as the clinical and genetic insight of hereditary chronic pancreatitis in Pakistani children. MATERIALS AND METHODS The deoxyribonucleic acid of affected probands of 44 unrelated Pakistani families, having hereditary chronic pancreatitis-affected children, were subjected to massive parallel sequencing for candidate reported genes (SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, CPA1, CTRC, CBS, AGL, PHKB, and LPL). Data were analyzed using different bioinformatics tools for the variants and in-silico analysis. All the identified variants were validated by direct sequencing of the targeted exons in the probands and their parents. RESULTS There were 50 patients included in this study with confirmed hereditary chronic pancreatitis. Nine known mutations in SPINK1, PRSS1, CFTR, CTRC, CBS, and AGL genes, and 10 novel variants in LPL, CFTR, CTR, and PHKB genes were identified. The identified variants were found in heterozygous, compound heterozygous, and trans-heterozygous forms, with rare allele frequency in the normal population. The novel variants were [c.378C>T(p.Lys126Asn) and c.719G>A(p.Arg240Gln) in CTRC, c.586-3C>A and c.763A>G(p.Arg255Gly) in CPA1, c.1160_1161insT(p.Lys387Asnfs*26), c.784C>T(p.Gln262*), c.1139+1G>A, c.175G>A(p.Gly59Arg) in LPL, c.388C>G(p.leu130val) in CFTR, and c.2327G>A(p.Arg776His in PHKB)]. The phenotypic characteristics were variable and correlated with the relevant variant. CONCLUSIONS The genetic composition plays a significant role in the predisposition of hereditary chronic pancreatitis. The clinical presentation varies with the genetic determinant involved. This information would help in building up a diagnostic algorithm for our population that can be used for genetic screening services in affected cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Arshad Cheema
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fayyaz
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Saeed
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Anjum
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ijaz
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad Alvi
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sara Batool
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children’s Hospital Lahore, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Cheema HA, Waheed N, Saeed A, Anjum MN, Fayyaz Z, Ijaz S. The Mutational Landscape Of Genetic Cholestatic Diseases In Pakistani Children. J PAK MED ASSOC 2023; 73:1610-1621. [PMID: 37697751 DOI: 10.47391/jpma.7069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To report the mutational landscape of a clinically diagnosed cohort of paediatric patients with cholestasis liver diseases. METHODS The retrospective study was conducted at the University of Child Health Sciences, The Children Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, from December 10, 2021, to March 31, 2022, and comprised data collected from the Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology unit on demographics, clinical and laboratory findings related to children of either gender aged <12 years and diagnosed with cholestatic liver disease from July 2018 to June 2021. The diagnosis was based on clinical and biochemical findings, with no evidence of biliary atresia and metabolic liver disease. Molecular characterisation was done through whole exome sequencing. RESULTS Of the 171 children evaluated, 92(53.8%) were diagnosed with genetic cholestatic disorders. There were 52(56%) boys and 41(44%) girls. The median age at presentation was 19.5 months (interquartile range: 51 months). Consanguinity was found in 82(88.1%) cases, and positive family history with one or more affected siblings was noted in 60(64.5%). Exome sequencing identified pathogenic mutations in 13 genes underlying the hereditary cholestasis; ATP8B1, ABCB11, ABCB4, TJP2, NR1H4, DCDC2, ACOX2, AKR1D1, HSD3B7, ABCC2, USP53, SLC10A1, and SLC51A. Of the 70 variants identified, 50(71.4%) were novel variants. The ABCB11-related hereditary cholestasis was the most frequent 27(29%), followed by ABCB4 (26(27.9%). Homozygosity was frequently seen in all except 8(8.6%) children, who had compound heterozygous pathogenic variants. There was no evidence of phenotypic expression in the carrier parents despite the severe nature of the respective mutations identified in the patients. CONCLUSIONS Genetic heterogeneity of paediatric intrahepatic cholestasis showed recurrent and novel mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Arshad Cheema
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nadia Waheed
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Saeed
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Anjum
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fayyaz
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital, University of Child Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ijaz
- Department of Forensic Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ijaz S, Abdullah M, Sadaf H, Nadeem S. Generalized complex cilia tip modeled flow through an electroosmotic region. J Cent South Univ 2023; 30:1217-1230. [PMID: 37274523 PMCID: PMC10213568 DOI: 10.1007/s11771-023-5305-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this analysis, we explore a nanofluid model that represents the role of ciliary carpets in the transport of magnetohydrodynamic fluid in an electroosmotic channel. Hybrid nanofluid features are also taken into interpretation. The equations leading the flow analysis are converted into non-dimensional form by supposing long wavelength and low Reynolds number approximations. Analytical solutions for velocity distribution, pressure gradient and stream function are acquired and solved by a mathematic solver. The effects of the relevant physical parameters are graphically noted. The consequence of the present model has remarkable applications, which can be used in various areas of biological transport processes, artificial cilia design and in the operation of other mechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Ijaz
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, 44000 Pakistan
| | - M. Abdullah
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, 44000 Pakistan
| | - H. Sadaf
- Department of Basic Science and Humanities, College of Electrical & Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 46000 Pakistan
| | - S. Nadeem
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences, Quaid-e-Azam University, Islamabad, 46000 Pakistan
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Torkington J, Harries R, O'Connell S, Knight L, Islam S, Bashir N, Watkins A, Fegan G, Cornish J, Rees B, Cole H, Jarvis H, Jones S, Russell I, Bosanquet D, Cleves A, Sewell B, Farr A, Zbrzyzna N, Fiera N, Ellis-Owen R, Hilton Z, Parry C, Bradbury A, Wall P, Hill J, Winter D, Cocks K, Harris D, Hilton J, Vakis S, Hanratty D, Rajagopal R, Akbar F, Ben-Sassi A, Francis N, Jones L, Williamson M, Lindsey I, West R, Smart C, Ziprin P, Agarwal T, Faulkner G, Pinkney T, Vimalachandran D, Lawes D, Faiz O, Nisar P, Smart N, Wilson T, Myers A, Lund J, Smolarek S, Acheson A, Horwood J, Ansell J, Phillips S, Davies M, Davies L, Bird S, Palmer N, Williams M, Galanopoulos G, Rao PD, Jones D, Barnett R, Tate S, Wheat J, Patel N, Rahmani S, Toynton E, Smith L, Reeves N, Kealaher E, Williams G, Sekaran C, Evans M, Beynon J, Egan R, Qasem E, Khot U, Ather S, Mummigati P, Taylor G, Williamson J, Lim J, Powell A, Nageswaran H, Williams A, Padmanabhan J, Phillips K, Ford T, Edwards J, Varney N, Hicks L, Greenway C, Chesters K, Jones H, Blake P, Brown C, Roche L, Jones D, Feeney M, Shah P, Rutter C, McGrath C, Curtis N, Pippard L, Perry J, Allison J, Ockrim J, Dalton R, Allison A, Rendell J, Howard L, Beesley K, Dennison G, Burton J, Bowen G, Duberley S, Richards L, Giles J, Katebe J, Dalton S, Wood J, Courtney E, Hompes R, Poole A, Ward S, Wilkinson L, Hardstaff L, Bogden M, Al-Rashedy M, Fensom C, Lunt N, McCurrie M, Peacock R, Malik K, Burns H, Townley B, Hill P, Sadat M, Khan U, Wignall C, Murati D, Dhanaratne M, Quaid S, Gurram S, Smith D, Harris P, Pollard J, DiBenedetto G, Chadwick J, Hull R, Bach S, Morton D, Hollier K, Hardy V, Ghods M, Tyrrell D, Ashraf S, Glasbey J, Ashraf M, Garner S, Whitehouse A, Yeung D, Mohamed SN, Wilkin R, Suggett N, Lee C, Bagul A, McNeill C, Eardley N, Mahapatra R, Gabriel C, Datt P, Mahmud S, Daniels I, McDermott F, Nodolsk M, Park L, Scott H, Trickett J, Bearn P, Trivedi P, Frost V, Gray C, Croft M, Beral D, Osborne J, Pugh R, Herdman G, George R, Howell AM, Al-Shahaby S, Narendrakumar B, Mohsen Y, Ijaz S, Nasseri M, Herrod P, Brear T, Reilly JJ, Sohal A, Otieno C, Lai W, Coleman M, Platt E, Patrick A, Pitman C, Balasubramanya S, Dickson E, Warman R, Newton C, Tani S, Simpson J, Banerjee A, Siddika A, Campion D, Humes D, Randhawa N, Saunders J, Bharathan B, Hay O. Incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery according to suture technique: Hughes Abdominal Repair Randomized Trial (HART). Br J Surg 2022; 109:943-950. [PMID: 35979802 PMCID: PMC10364691 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incisional hernias cause morbidity and may require further surgery. HART (Hughes Abdominal Repair Trial) assessed the effect of an alternative suture method on the incidence of incisional hernia following colorectal cancer surgery. METHODS A pragmatic multicentre single-blind RCT allocated patients undergoing midline incision for colorectal cancer to either Hughes closure (double far-near-near-far sutures of 1 nylon suture at 2-cm intervals along the fascia combined with conventional mass closure) or the surgeon's standard closure. The primary outcome was the incidence of incisional hernia at 1 year assessed by clinical examination. An intention-to-treat analysis was performed. RESULTS Between August 2014 and February 2018, 802 patients were randomized to either Hughes closure (401) or the standard mass closure group (401). At 1 year after surgery, 672 patients (83.7 per cent) were included in the primary outcome analysis; 50 of 339 patients (14.8 per cent) in the Hughes group and 57 of 333 (17.1 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.84, 95 per cent c.i. 0.55 to 1.27; P = 0.402). At 2 years, 78 patients (28.7 per cent) in the Hughes repair group and 84 (31.8 per cent) in the standard closure group had incisional hernia (OR 0.86, 0.59 to 1.25; P = 0.429). Adverse events were similar in the two groups, apart from the rate of surgical-site infection, which was higher in the Hughes group (13.2 versus 7.7 per cent; OR 1.82, 1.14 to 2.91; P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The incidence of incisional hernia after colorectal cancer surgery is high. There was no statistical difference in incidence between Hughes closure and mass closure at 1 or 2 years. REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN25616490 (http://www.controlled-trials.com).
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Maraj EN, Bibi A, Ijaz S, Mehmood R. MHD Carbon Nanotubes Gravity-Driven Flow Along a Thermal Sensitive Porous Surface. Arab J Sci Eng 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-022-06775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Waheed N, Ijaz S, Fayyaz Z. Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome: clinical/genetic features and natural history in six Pakistani patients. Egypt J Med Hum Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43042-021-00189-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Chanarin–Dorfman syndrome (CDS; OMIM # 275630) is a rare neutral lipid storage disorder caused by mutation in ABHD5 (a/b hydrolase domain containing 5″) a cofactor for adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) resulting in intracellular accumulation of triacylglycerol (TG) in numerous body tissues. It is an autosomal recessive disorder mutation in ABHD5 that causes the partial or total loss of ATGL activation, leading to the accumulation of TG inside lipid droplets. We aim to assess the clinical and biochemical manifestations, diagnosis, follow-up and genotype–phenotype correlations in six Pakistani pediatric patients with CDS.
Results
Six male patients with mean age 15 months (9–24 months) diagnosed as CDS on the basis of non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, hepatomegaly and Jordans bodies in peripheral smear. We identified two novel mutations in ABHD5 gene (c.338G > T and c.730_731insA). These mutations have a pathogenic and damaging influence on the ABHD5 protein structure and function. During the 2 year clinical follow-up one patient died of severe chest infection; he had severe phenotype. There is no genotype–phenotype correlation in CDS. Therapy with low fat diet, MCT oil, Vit E and ursodeoxycholic acid has promising results in CDS.
Conclusion
Non-bullous ichthyosiform erythroderma, steatohepatitis and Jordan’s anomaly are consistent findings in all cases of CDS. It is suggested that an accurate diagnosis of CDS should be based on combination of clinical features and pathognomonic ABHD5 mutations. More studies should be carried out to identify population-specific genetic mutations for the rapid and cost-effective diagnosis of CDS.
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Ullah I, Ottlewski I, Shehzad W, Riaz A, Ijaz S, Tufail A, Ammara H, Mane S, Shril S, Hildebrandt F, Zahoor MY, Majmundar AJ. Sequencing the CaSR locus in Pakistani stone formers reveals a novel loss-of-function variant atypically associated with nephrolithiasis. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:266. [PMID: 34772415 PMCID: PMC8588693 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-01116-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nephrolithiasis (NL) affects 1 in 11 individuals worldwide and causes significant morbidity and cost. Common variants in the calcium sensing receptor gene (CaSR) have been associated with NL. Rare inactivating CaSR variants classically cause hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia and hypocalciuria. However, NL and familial hypercalciuria have been paradoxically associated with select inactivating CaSR variants in three kindreds from Europe and Australia. METHODS To discover novel NL-associated CaSR variants from a geographically distinct cohort, 57 Pakistani families presenting with pediatric onset NL were recruited. The CaSR locus was analyzed by directed or exome sequencing. RESULTS We detected a heterozygous and likely pathogenic splice variant (GRCh37 Chr3:122000958A>G; GRCh38 Chr3:12228211A>G; NM_000388:c.1609-2A>G) in CaSR in one family with recurrent calcium oxalate stones. This variant would be predicted to cause exon skipping and premature termination (p.Val537Metfs*49). Moreover, a splice variant of unknown significance in an alternative CaSR transcript (GRCh37 Chr3:122000929G>C; GRCh38 Chr3:122282082G >C NM_000388:c.1609-31G >C NM_001178065:c.1609-1G >C) was identified in two additional families. CONCLUSIONS Sequencing of the CaSR locus in Pakistani stone formers reveals a novel loss-of-function variant, expanding the connection between the CaSR locus and nephrolithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ihsan Ullah
- Molecular Biology Section, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Isabel Ottlewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Wasim Shehzad
- Molecular Biology Section, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amjad Riaz
- Department of Theriogenology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ijaz
- Molecular Biology Section, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asad Tufail
- Molecular Biology Section, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafiza Ammara
- Molecular Biology Section, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shrikant Mane
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Center for Mendelian Genomics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shirlee Shril
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Friedhelm Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, MA, 02115, Boston, USA
| | - Muhammad Yasir Zahoor
- Molecular Biology Section, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, 54000, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, MA, 02115, Boston, USA.
| | - Amar J Majmundar
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, MA, 02115, Boston, USA.
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Ijaz T, Ijaz S, Afzal M, Ijaz N. Serological detection of Toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors among pregnant women in Lahore Pakistan. Int J Infect Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Yasir Zahoor M, Cheema HA, Ijaz S, Fayyaz Z. Genetic Analysis of Tyrosinemia Type 1 and Fructose-1, 6 Bisphosphatase Deficiency Affected in Pakistani Cohorts. Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2020; 39:430-440. [PMID: 31584309 DOI: 10.1080/15513815.2019.1672224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Inborn errors of metabolism are inherited disorders that present in early childhood and are usually caused by monogenic recessive mutations in specific enzymes that metabolize dietary components. Distinct mutations are present in specific populations.Objective: To determine which genomic variants are present in Pakistani cohorts with hepatorenal tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) and fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase deficiency (FBPD).Materials and Methods: We sequenced the fumaryl acetoacetate hydrolase encoding gene (FAH) including flanking regions in four unrelated HT1 cohorts and the fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase gene (FBP1) in eight FBPD cohorts.Results: We mapped two recessive mutations in FAH gene for HT1; c.1062 + 5G > A(IVS12 + 5G > A) in three families and c.974C > T(pT325M) in one. We identified three mutations in FBP1 gene; c.841G > A(p.E281K) in five FBPD families, c.472C > T(p.R158W) in two families and c.778G > A(p.G260R) in one.Conclusion: Knowledge of common variants for HTI and FBDP in our study population can be used in the future to build a diagnostic algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Zahoor
- Molecular Biology and Forensic Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Arshad Cheema
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ijaz
- Molecular Biology and Forensic Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry & Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fayyaz
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Children's Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
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Waheed N, Saeed A, Ijaz S, Fayyaz Z, Anjum MN, Zahoor Y, Cheema HA. Variability of clinical and biochemical phenotype in liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency with variants in the phosphorylase kinase (PHKG2) gene. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2020; 33:1117-1123. [PMID: 32697758 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background PHKG2-related liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency is inherited in autosomal recessive pattern and is a rare type of liver glycogenosis. We demonstrated the clinical presentation and genetic determinants involved in children with PHKG2- related liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency. Methodology Ten Pakistani children with liver phosphorylase kinase from seven different families, were enrolled over a period of 18 months. All regions of the PHKG2 gene spanning exons and splicing sites were evaluated through targeted exome sequencing. Variants were analyzed using different bioinformatics tools. Novel variants were reconfirmed by direct sequencing. Results Seven different variants were identified in PHKG2 gene including five novel variants: three stop codons (c.226C>T [p.R76*], c.454C>T [p.R152*] and c.958C>T [p.R320*]), one missense variant c.107C>T (p.S36F) and one splice site variant (c.557-3C>G). All five novel variants were predicted to be damaging by in Silico analysis. The variants are being transmitted through recessive pattern of inheritance except one family (two siblings) has compound heterozygotes. Laboratory data revealed elevated transaminases and triglycerides, normal creatinine phosphokinase and uric acid levels but with glycogen loaded hepatocytes on liver histology. Conclusion PHKG2 related liver phosphorylase kinase deficiency can mimic both liver glycogenosis type I (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency) & III(amylo-1,6 glucosidase) and characterized by early childhood onset of hepatomegaly, growth restriction, elevated liver enzymes and triglycerides. Molecular analysis would be helpful in accurate diagnosis and proper treatment. The symptoms and biochemical abnormalities in liver glycogenosis due phosphorylase kinase deficiency tend to improve with proper dietary restrictions but need to be monitored for long-term complications such as liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Waheed
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anjum Saeed
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ijaz
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Fayyaz
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Anjum
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Zahoor
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Arshad Cheema
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, The Children's Hospital & Institute of Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
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Zahoor MY, Cheema HA, Ijaz S, Anjum MN, Ramzan K, Bhinder MA. Mapping of IDUA gene variants in Pakistani patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2019; 32:1221-1227. [PMID: 31473686 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2019-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Mucopolysaccharidosis type 1 (MPS1) is a rare debilitating multisystem lysosomal disorder resulting due to the deficiency of α-L-iduronidase enzyme (IDUA), caused by recessive mutations in the IDUA gene. Lack or improper amount of the IDUA enzyme results in the improper metabolism of mucopolysaccharides or glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These large sugar molecules accumulate in lysosomes within cells leading to different systemic complications. The estimated global incidence of MPS1 is 1:100,000 live births for the Hurler and 1:800,000 for the Scheie phenotypes. Methods Thirteen MPS1-affected children from 12 unrelated cohorts were enrolled. All coding and flanking regions of the IDUA gene were sequenced. Bioinformatics tools were used for data analysis and protein prediction for clinical correlations. Results Six IDUA gene mutations were mapped co-segregating with the recessive pattern of inheritance including a novel variant. A novel missense variant c.908T > C (p.L303P) was mapped in two affected siblings in a cohort in the homozygous form. The variant c.1469T > C (p.L490P) was mapped in five unrelated patients and c.784delC (p.H262Tfs*55) was mapped in three unrelated patients, while mutations c.1598C > G (p.P533R), c.314G > A (p.R105Q) and c.1277ins9 (p.[A394-L395-L396]) were mapped in a single patient each. Conclusions Multisystem disorders and a wide range of clinical presentation impede the evaluation of patients as well as make it difficult to differentiate between different phenotypes of MPS. Early and accurate diagnosis is crucial for the disease management and implementation of an expanded new-born genetic screening program for inborn errors of metabolism including MPS1. We recommend c.784delC (p.H262Tfs*55) and c.1469T > C (p.L490P) as first-line genetic markers for the molecular diagnosis of MPS1 in Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir Zahoor
- Molecular Biology and Forensic Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Arshad Cheema
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute for Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ijaz
- Molecular Biology and Forensic Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem Anjum
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Children's Hospital and The Institute for Child Health, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khushnooda Ramzan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Munir Ahmad Bhinder
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Ahmad B, Iqbal Z, Maraj EN, Ijaz S. Utilization of Elastic Deformation on Cu–Ag Nanoscale Particles Mixed in Hydrogen Oxide with Unique Features of Heat Generation/Absorption: Closed Form Outcomes. Arab J Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-019-03773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Grimes P, Ijaz S, Nashawati R, Kwak D. New oral and topical approaches for the treatment of melasma. Int J Womens Dermatol 2019; 5:30-36. [PMID: 30809577 PMCID: PMC6374710 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijwd.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Melasma is a common, therapeutically challenging, and universally relapsing disorder of hyperpigmentation that is most often observed in women and individuals with Fitzpatrick Skin Types III through VI. The pathogenesis of melasma is complex and protean. Contributing factors that are often implicated in the etiopathogenesis of this condition include a genetic predisposition, intense ultraviolet radiation exposure, and hormonal influences. Therapeutic interventions for melasma include a multimodality approach incorporating photoprotection agents, topical and oral skin lighteners, and resurfacing procedures. Given our expanding knowledge of the pathogenesis of melasma, new and effective treatments are expanding our therapeutic armamentarium. This article reviews new and emerging oral and topical treatments for melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- P.E. Grimes
- Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Division of Dermatology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - S. Ijaz
- Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - R. Nashawati
- Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - D. Kwak
- Vitiligo & Pigmentation Institute of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Moore THM, Kesten JM, López-López JA, Ijaz S, McAleenan A, Richards A, Gray S, Savović J, Audrey S. The effects of changes to the built environment on the mental health and well-being of adults: Systematic review. Health Place 2018; 53:237-257. [PMID: 30196042 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in the influence of place on health, and the need to distinguish between environmental and individual level factors. For environmental-level factors, current evidence tends to show associations through cross-sectional and uncontrolled longitudinal analyses rather than through more robust study designs that can provide stronger causal evidence. We restricted this systematic review to randomised (or cluster) randomised controlled trials and controlled before-and-after studies of changes to the built environment. Date of search was December 2016. We identified 14 studies. No evidence was found of an effect on mental health from 'urban regeneration' and 'improving green infrastructure' studies. Beneficial effects on quality-of-life outcomes from 'improving green infrastructure' were found in two studies. One 'improving green infrastructure' study reported an improvement in social isolation. Risk-of-bias assessment indicated robust data from only four studies. Overall, evidence for the impact of built environment interventions on mental health and quality-of-life is weak. Future research requires more robust study designs and interdisciplinary research involving public health, planning and urban design experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H M Moore
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK.
| | - J M Kesten
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Evaluation of Interventions, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK
| | - J A López-López
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Ijaz
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - A McAleenan
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - A Richards
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Gray
- Department of Health and Applied Social Science, University of the West of England, Bristol BS16 1QY, UK
| | - J Savović
- The National Institute for Health Research Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care West (NIHR CLAHRC West) at University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
| | - S Audrey
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, 39 Whatley Road, Bristol BS8 2PS, UK
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17
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Soothill G, Hessey S, Erotocritou M, Griffiths P, Ijaz S, Thorburn D, Ankcorn M, Irish D. Diagnostic utility of hepatitis E virus antigen-specific ELISA versus PCR testing in a cohort of post liver transplant patients in a large university hospital. J Clin Virol 2018; 106:44-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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18
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Ijaz S, Nadeem S. Consequences of blood mediated nano transportation as drug agent to attenuate the atherosclerotic lesions with permeability impacts. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Simmons R, Ireland G, Irving W, Hickman M, Sabin C, Ijaz S, Ramsay M, Lattimore S, Mandal S. Establishing the cascade of care for hepatitis C in England-benchmarking to monitor impact of direct acting antivirals. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:482-490. [PMID: 29239130 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about engagement and retention in care of people diagnosed with chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in England. Establishing a cascade of care informs targeted interventions for improving case finding, referral, treatment uptake and retention in care. Using data from the sentinel surveillance of blood-borne virus (SSBBV) testing between 2005 and 2014, we investigate the continuum of care of those tested for HCV in England. Persons ≥1 year old with an anti-HCV test and subsequent RNA tests between 2005 and 2014 reported to SSBBV were collated. We describe the cascade of care, as the patient pathway from a diagnostic test, referral into care, treatment and patient outcomes. Between 2005 and 2014, 2 390 507 samples were tested for anti-HCV, corresponding to 1 766 515 persons. A total of 53 038 persons (35 190 men and 17 165 women) with anti-HCV positive were newly reported to SSBBV. An RNA test was conducted on 77.0% persons who were anti-HCV positive, 72.3% of whom were viraemic (RNA positive) during this time period, 21.4% had evidence of treatment and 3130 49.5% had evidence of a sustained virological response (SVR). In multivariable models, confirmation of viraemia by RNA test varied by age and region/test setting; evidence of treatment varied by age, year of test and region/test setting; and SVR varied by age, year of test and region/setting of test. In conclusion, our findings provide HCV cascade of care estimates prior to the introduction of direct acting antivirals. These findings provide important baseline cascade estimates to benchmark progress towards elimination of HCV as a major public health threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Simmons
- Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK
| | - G Ireland
- Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK
| | - W Irving
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Disorders Theme, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre at the Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - M Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, NIHR HPRU in Evaluation, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C Sabin
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK.,Infection & Population Health, Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Ijaz
- The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK.,Blood Borne Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - M Ramsay
- Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - S Lattimore
- Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Mandal
- Immunisation, Hepatitis, and Blood Safety Department, Public Health England, London, UK.,The National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (NIHR HPRU) in Blood Borne and Sexually Transmitted Infections, University College London, London, UK
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20
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Ijaz S, Iqbal Z, Maraj E, Nadeem S. Investigation of Cu-CuO/blood mediated transportation in stenosed artery with unique features for theoretical outcomes of hemodynamics. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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O'Flaherty N, Ushiro-Lumb I, Pomeroy L, Ijaz S, Boland F, De Gascun C, Fitzgerald J, O'Riordan J. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from an individual-donation nucleic acid (ID-NAT) non-reactive donor. Vox Sang 2018; 113:300-303. [DOI: 10.1111/vox.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. O'Flaherty
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS); National Health Service Blood and Transplant; Dublin Ireland
- National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL); University College Dublin (UCD); Dublin Ireland
| | - I. Ushiro-Lumb
- Public Health England; National Health Service Blood and Transplant; Colindale UK
| | - L. Pomeroy
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS); National Health Service Blood and Transplant; Dublin Ireland
| | - S. Ijaz
- Public Health England; National Health Service Blood and Transplant; Colindale UK
| | - F. Boland
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS); National Health Service Blood and Transplant; Dublin Ireland
| | - C. De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory (NVRL); University College Dublin (UCD); Dublin Ireland
| | | | - J. O'Riordan
- Irish Blood Transfusion Service (IBTS); National Health Service Blood and Transplant; Dublin Ireland
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22
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Ankcorn M, Ijaz S, Haywood B, Neuberger J, Elsharkawy A, Maggs J, Tedder R. Confirmation of specificity of reactivity in a solid phase ELISA for the detection of hepatitis E viral antigen improves utility of the assay. J Virol Methods 2018; 252:42-48. [PMID: 29158182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ijaz S, Zahoor MY, Imran M, Ramzan K, Bhinder MA, Shakeel H, Iqbal M, Aslam A, Shehzad W, Cheema HA, Rehman H. Genetic analysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency in nine consanguineous Pakistani families. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2017; 30:1203-1210. [PMID: 29016355 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2017-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) deficiency is a rare inherited metabolic disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia, ketosis and lactic acidosis. FBPase is encoded by FBP1 gene and catalyzes the hydrolysis of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate in the last step of gluconeogenesis. We report here FBP1 mutations in nine consanguineous Pakistani families affected with FBPase deficiency. METHODS Nine families having one or two individuals affected with FBPase deficiency were enrolled over a period of 3 years. All FBP1 exonic regions including splicing sites were PCR-amplified and sequenced bidirectionally. Familial cosegregation of mutations with disease was confirmed by direct sequencing and PCR-RFLP analysis. RESULTS Three different FBP1 mutations were identified. Each of two previously reported mutations (c.472C>T (p.Arg158Trp) and c.841G>A (p.Glu281Lys)) was carried by four different families. The ninth family carried a novel 4-bp deletion (c.609_612delAAAA), which is predicted to result in frameshift (p.Lys204Argfs*72) and loss of FBPase function. The novel variant was not detected in any of 120 chromosomes from normal ethnically matched individuals. CONCLUSIONS FBPase deficiency is often fatal in the infancy and early childhood. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment is therefore crucial to preventing early mortality. We recommend the use of c.472C>T and c.841G>A mutations as first choice genetic markers for molecular diagnosis of FBPase deficiency in Pakistan.
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Ijaz S, Nadeem S. Examination of nanoparticles as a drug carrier on blood flow through catheterized composite stenosed artery with permeable walls. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 2016; 133:83-94. [PMID: 27393802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have discussed the influence of copper nanoparticles on a blood flow through composite stenosed artery with permeable walls. The nature of blood is discussed mathematically by considering it as viscous nanofluid. The study is carried out for a blood vessel under mild stenosis approximations and expressions of the temperature, velocity, resistance impedance to flow, wall shear stress and the pressure gradient is obtained by using corresponding boundary conditions. Results for the effects of permeability on blood flow through composite stenosis have been discussed graphically. The considered analysis also summarizes that the drug copper nanoparticles are efficient to reduce hemodynamics of stenosis and could be helpful to predict important uses for biomedical applications. Results indicate that nanoparticles are helpful as drug carriers to minimize the effects of resistance impedance to blood flow or coagulation factors due to stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
| | - S Nadeem
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University 45320, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
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Ijaz S, Zahoor MY, Imran M, Afzal S, Bhinder MA, Ullah I, Cheema HA, Ramzan K, Shehzad W. Direct sequencing of FAH gene in Pakistani tyrosinemia type 1 families reveals a novel mutation. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2016; 29:327-32. [PMID: 26565546 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2015-0289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hereditary tyrosinemia type 1 (HT1) is a rare inborn error of tyrosine catabolism with a worldwide prevalence of one out of 100,000 live births. HT1 is clinically characterized by hepatic and renal dysfunction resulting from the deficiency of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) enzyme, caused by recessive mutations in the FAH gene. We present here the first report on identification of FAH mutations in HT1 patients from Pakistan with a novel one. METHODS Three Pakistani families, each having one child affected with HT1, were enrolled over a period of 1.5 years. Two of the affected children had died as they were presented late with acute form. All regions of the FAH gene spanning exons and splicing sites were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and mutation analysis was carried out by direct sequencing. Results of sequencing were confirmed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis. RESULTS Three different FAH mutations, one in each family, were found to co-segregate with the disease phenotype. Two of these FAH mutations have been known (c.192G>T and c.1062+5G>A [IVS12+5G>A]), while c.67T>C (p.Ser23Pro) was a novel mutation. The novel variant was not detected in any of 120 chromosomes from normal ethnically matched individuals. CONCLUSIONS Most of the HT1 patients die before they present to hospitals in Pakistan, as is indicated by enrollment of only three families in 1.5 years. Most of those with late clinical presentation do not survive due to delayed diagnosis followed by untimely treatment. This tragic condition advocates the establishment of expanded newborn screening program for HT1 within Pakistan.
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Haywood B, Ijaz S, Tedder R. Hepatitis B virus avidity testing; not always as it seems. J Clin Virol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ijaz T, Ijaz S, Aslam S, Ahmad B, Raja S. A laboratory based study of dengue epidemic in the city of Lahore during year 2011. Int J Infect Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2014.03.708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Ashraf S, Zaneb H, Yousaf MS, Ijaz A, Sohail MU, Muti S, Usman MM, Ijaz S, Rehman H. Effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotics and probiotics on intestinal microarchitecture in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2013; 97 Suppl 1:68-73. [PMID: 23639019 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation of prebiotics, mannanoligosaccharides (MOS) and/or probiotics (LBP) on intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) count, goblet cells (GC) count and differentiation and intestinal micro-architecture in broilers reared under cyclic heat stress. Day-old broilers (n = 250) were randomly divided into five groups. Fifty birds were reared within the thermoneutral zone (TNZ). Remaining birds were subjected to cyclic heat stress from day 21 to 42 (35° C, 75% RH, 8 h/d). The birds were fed corn-soy-based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.5% MOS (HS-MOS), or 0.1% LBP (HS-LBP), or their combination (HS-SYN). The birds were slaughtered on day 42. Tissue samples were collected from mid-duodenum, jejunum and ileum, and stained with haematoxylin and eosin or combined Alcian blue and PAS technique. All differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. The IEL count increased in all intestinal segments of the HS group compared with the TNZ group and decreased in all supplemented groups compared with the HS group. Compared with the TNZ, heat stress reduced villus height, crypt depth and surface area in duodenum and ileum, and increased crypt depth in ileum. Villus width decreased in duodenum and jejunum compared with the TNZ group. Supplementation of LBP, MOS and SYN reversed all these changes in duodenum, while only increased villus height and surface area in ileum. In jejunum, the villus height and surface area increased with HS-LBP, and crypt depth increased with HS-MOS. The number of GC containing acid mucins (duodenum and ileum) and mixed mucins (ileum) were increased in the HS compared with the TNZ. Supplementation of MOS, LBP and SYN maintained the enhanced activity of goblet cells. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of MOS and/or LBP may be helpful in alleviating some of the detrimental effects of heat stress on microstructure of the broiler gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ashraf
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Andersson MI, Maponga TG, Ijaz S, Barnes J, Theron GB, Meredith SA, Preiser W, Tedder RS. The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus infection in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected pregnant women in the Western Cape, South Africa. Vaccine 2013; 31:5579-84. [PMID: 23973500 PMCID: PMC3898695 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
HIV-infected pregnant women have evidence of HBV escape compared to uninfected women. One in six HBV-infected pregnant women is HBeAg seropositive, regardless of HIV status. These data support the call to implement a birth dose of HBV vaccine.
Objectives Persistent hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. The HIV epidemic has the potential to affect its biology. Immunisation protocols established in the pre-HIV era are based upon data showing predominantly horizontal infant transmission. This study aimed to determine whether HIV co-infection will change the epidemiology of HBV both by increasing infectivity and by favouring the escape of viruses bearing phenotypically altered HBsAg. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study used antenatal samples from the 2008 Antenatal Sentinel HIV and Syphilis Prevalence Survey in the Western Cape, South Africa. All HIV-infected women were age and race-matched to HIV-uninfected women. Samples were tested for serological markers of HBV and HDV infection. HBV viral load, consensus sequencing and genotyping were performed. Luminex technology was used to determine HBsAg phenotype. All samples from HIV-infected women were tested for traces of antiretroviral drugs by mass spectrometry. Results This study showed a trend toward loss of immune control of HBV in HIV-infected women with 3.4% of samples containing HBsAg, 18.9% contained HBeAg. In contrast, 2.9% of samples from HIV-uninfected women contained HBsAg and 17.1% of these HBeAg. The median HBV load in the HIV-infected group was 9.72 × 107 IU/ml and in the HIV-uninfected group 1.19 × 106 IU/ml. Genotyping showed 63/68 samples belonged to genotype A and the remainder genotype D. Mutations in the precore region were found in 35% and 33% of samples from HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected respectively. Although no major epitope ablation was found, marked variation in HBsAg profiles in HIV-infected group was demonstrated. No HDV infection was detected. Conclusion HIV-HBV co-infected women exhibit a degree of immune escape. One in six HBV-infected pregnant women, irrespective of HIV status is HBeAg seropositive. HBV immunization of newborns in sub-Saharan Africa should be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Andersson
- Division of Medical Virology, University of Stellenbosch/National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg, South Africa.
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Verbeek J, Ruotsalainen J, Ijaz S, Mischke C, van der Molen H. Comments on Sancini et al. Occup Med (Lond) 2012; 62:667-8. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqs187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Ijaz S, Rana IA, Khan IA, Saleem M. Establishment of an in vitro regeneration system for genetic transformation of selected sugarcane genotypes. Genet Mol Res 2012; 11:512-30. [PMID: 22535387 DOI: 10.4238/2012.march.6.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
A good culture system provides considerable quantities of highly regenerable target tissues. Embryogenic callus cultures are ideal for micro-projectile-mediated transformation, because regenerable cells are not very stable. Effective exploitation of genetic transformation requires good regeneration systems. We selected three sugarcane genotypes for the establishment and optimization of good in vitro regeneration systems, viz., S-2003-us-359, S-2006-sp-30, and S-2003-us-165. Three callus induction media were investigated. These media were composed of Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium salt plus 1, 2, and 3 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Medium with 3 mg/L 2,4-D gave the greatest mass of embryogenic calli. The calli produced on the three callus induction media were transferred to 18 types of regeneration media (RM1-RM18). They varied with respect to plant growth regulators and sucrose levels but the basal medium was MS. Two levels of sucrose (30 and 40 g/L), three levels of 2,4-D (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 mg/L) and three levels of 6-benzylaminopurine (0, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L) were studied in the regeneration media. The effects of callus age on regeneration were evaluated by transferring the calli to regeneration media after 15, 21, 28, and 35 days of culture. The 21-day-old callus of the genotype S-2003-us-359 on RM3 yielded the largest number of plants and was selected as the best for transformation. Six RAPD DNA primers were used to check genetic stability; this medium did not affect the sugarcane genomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Ijaz S, Mahendru A, Sanderson D. Spontaneous uterine rupture during the 1st trimester: A rare but life-threatening emergency. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2011; 31:772. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.606932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Keane F, Gompels M, Bendall R, Drayton R, Jennings L, Black J, Baragwanath G, Lin N, Henley W, Ngui SL, Ijaz S, Dalton H. Hepatitis E virus coinfection in patients with HIV infection. HIV Med 2011; 13:83-8. [PMID: 21819531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00942.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is an emerging infection in developed countries and is thought to be a porcine zoonosis. HEV can cause chronic infection and cirrhosis in the immunosuppressed, including patients with HIV infection. Little is known about HEV and HIV coinfection. The aim of the study was to document the incidence of chronic HEV coinfection in patients with HIV infection and to determine the anti-HEV seroprevalence and compare it with that of a control population. METHODS A cohort/case-control study was carried out in two teaching hospitals in southwest England. A total of 138 patients with HIV infection were tested for HEV using an immunoassay for anti-HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and 464 control subjects were tested for anti-HEV IgG. Demographic, lifestyle and laboratory data were prospectively collected on each patient with HIV infection. The anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in patients with HIV infection was compared with that in controls and demographic risk factors for HEV exposure were explored using logistic regression models. RESULTS There was no difference in anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence between the HIV-infected patients and controls. The only risk factor predictive of anti-HEV seropositivity was the consumption of raw/undercooked pork; sexual risk factors were unrelated. No patient with HIV infection had evidence of chronic coinfection with HEV CONCLUSIONS: Anti-HEV seroprevalence is similar in controls and patients with HIV infection. Risk factor analysis suggests that HEV is unlikely to be transmitted sexually. Chronic coinfection with HEV was absent, indicating that chronic HEV/HIV coinfection is not a common problem in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fe Keane
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Truro, UK
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35
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Ijaz S. Mitochondrial plasmid: could this be the next hit for genetic engineering? Genet Mol Res 2011; 10:391-2. [PMID: 21365555 DOI: 10.4238/vol10-1gmr1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Ijaz S, Croucher R, Marinho V. Systematic Reviews of Topical Fluorides for Dental Caries: A Review of Reporting Practice. Caries Res 2010; 44:579-92. [DOI: 10.1159/000322132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Viswanathan U, Beaumont A, O'Moore E, Ramsay M, Tedder R, Ijaz S, Balogun K, Kirwan P. Hepatitis B transmission event in an English prison and the importance of immunization. J Public Health (Oxf) 2010; 33:193-6. [DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The risk of hepatitis E virus (HEV) to blood safety remains unknown in England. Reports of persistent HEV infection with serious disease sequelae indicate that transfusion transmitted HEV is not a trivial disease in immunosuppressed patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples from unselected blood donors and donors with a history of jaundice were tested for HEV antibody and RNA. RESULTS Overall, 10% of the donor sera were anti-HEV IgG reactive. Four of the donor samples were anti-HEV IgM reactive but HEV RNA negative. CONCLUSION There is evidence of probable recent HEV infections in donors with a predicted attack rate of 2.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Beale
- Blood Borne Virus Unit, Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
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Rolfe KJ, Curran MD, Mangrolia N, Gelson W, Alexander GJM, L'estrange M, Vivek R, Tedder R, Ijaz S. First case of genotype 4 human hepatitis E virus infection acquired in India. J Clin Virol 2010; 48:58-61. [PMID: 20227909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Revised: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This report describes a case of severe hepatitis in an individual returning from India which was found to be the result of infection with HEV genotype 4. HEV was diagnosed using a novel RT-PCR assay (with internal control) for HEV RNA detection/quantitation, described herein. This is the first documented report of zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 4 infection acquired in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Rolfe
- Clinical Microbiology and Public Health Laboratory, Health Protection Agency, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QW, UK.
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Abstract
We investigated the genetic diversity of 63 wheat genotypes, composed of 48 accessions and 15 varieties, using 56 polymorphic simple sequence repeat primers. One hundred and eighty-six loci were found, with a mean of 131.26 alleles per locus. Cluster analysis based on microsatellite allelic diversity discriminated the accessions and varieties into different clusters; genetic diversity was the highest between variety Kohistan-97 and accession number 011512, giving a genetic similarity value of 0.4198. Accession numbers 011484 and 011356 gave a genetic similarity value of 0.9589, indicating that these accessions were 95.89% similar. We found that microsatellite markers could characterize and discriminate all of the genotypes; more primers could be used for saturation of different regions in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wray
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Lister Hospital, Stevenage SG1 4AB
| | - S Ijaz
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Lister Hospital, Stevenage SG1 4AB
| | - S Lidder
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Lister Hospital, Stevenage SG1 4AB
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Myers R, Gnaneshan S, Ijaz S, Tedder R, Ramsay M, Green J, HepSEQ Steering Committee C. HepSEQ – an Integrated Hepatitis B Epidemiology and Sequence Analysis Platform. Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.19.18866-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major human pathogen. The outcome of acute hepatitis B is variable but usually followed by a complete recovery. A small proportion of infections in adults and a higher proportion of infections in early childhood continue in a chronically infected state in which the virus persists in the liver. Patients with chronic hepatitis B usually have no initial symptoms of infection, but over time the major disease sequelae, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, can develop. It is estimated that some 350 million people worldwide are currently chronically infected with HBV, but many more will have been infected and recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Myers
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Gnaneshan
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Ijaz
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Tedder
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Ramsay
- Immunisation Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Green
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - Collective HepSEQ Steering Committee
- Immunisation Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
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Myers R, Gnaneshan S, Ijaz S, Tedder R, Ramsay M, Green J. HepSEQ--an integrated hepatitis B epidemiology and sequence analysis platform. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:18866. [PMID: 18761978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R Myers
- Bioinformatics Unit, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula is an exceptionally unusual complication of chronic calculous cholecystitis now. The remarkable drop in incidence is probably associated with the introduction of antimicrobial therapy and early surgical management of biliary tract disease. We report a case of spontaneous cholecystocutaneous fistula in a patient who presented with an abscess in the right upper quadrant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ijaz
- Department of General and Colorectal Surgery, Lister Hospital, Stevenage, UK
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Dalton HR, Stableforth W, Hazeldine S, Thurairajah P, Ramnarace R, Warshow U, Ijaz S, Ellis V, Bendall R. Autochthonous hepatitis E in Southwest England: a comparison with hepatitis A. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 27:579-85. [PMID: 18299907 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-008-0480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/30/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of hepatitis A is falling. In contrast, autochthonous hepatitis E is an emerging infection in developed countries. The objective of this study was to compare both laboratory-confirmed cases of hepatitis A and autochthonous hepatitis E over a 2-year period in Cornwall and Devon and anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) IgG and anti-hepatitis E virus (HEV) IgG seroprevalence in blood donors. The databases of microbiology laboratories in Cornwall and Devon were searched for the number of diagnostic HEV and HAV assays performed during 2005-2006 and the number of confirmed cases of acute hepatitis A and hepatitis E detected. Patients were followed up until recovery or death. Sera from 500 blood donors from the regional centre were tested for HEV and HAV IgG. In total, 28 cases of autochthonous hepatitis E were identified from 838 assays, and 20 cases of hepatitis A were identified from 4503 assays. Compared to hepatitis A cases, patients with hepatitis E were older (mean age 61 vs. 45 years, P = 0.003), less likely to present in winter (P = 0.028) and had more complications (five vs. one). The IgG seroprevalence rates in blood donors were 45% for HAV and 16% for HEV. There was no relationship between HAV and HEV IgG seropositivity. Autochthonous hepatitis E may be more common than hepatitis A, affects older patients, is less likely to occur in winter and may be associated with more complications. Patients with acute hepatitis, whatever their age or travel history, should be tested for HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Dalton
- Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, Cornwall, UK.
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Bendall R, Ellis V, Ijaz S, Thurairajah P, Dalton HR. Serological response to hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infection: IgG quantitation, avidity, and IgM response. J Med Virol 2008; 80:95-101. [PMID: 18041018 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.21033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sequential sera were collected from 18 acute cases of UK-acquired hepatitis E. The virus strains in all cases were of genotype 3. The IgM and IgG response to acute infection were documented over time using EIA kits based on a peptide antigen, pE2, which is derived from a genotype 1 strain of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Ninety-five percentage of acute sera were IgM positive; after 6 months or more only 12% remained positive. The kit was adapted to quantify the IgG response (in WHO U/ml) and to determine antibody avidity. Following acute infection, anti-HEV IgG concentrations rose between 6.9- and 90-fold. IgG avidity was low (<25%) in most acute sera. After 6 months IgG avidity was greater than 50% in all cases. One patient with a poor IgM response and high avidity antibody in acute sera may have had a second HEV infection. Taken together, these results confirm that the pE2-based EIA kits are suitable for diagnosing acute HEV genotype 3 infection. With simple modifications the IgG kit can measure anti-HEV concentration and avidity, which can be used to confirm acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bendall
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, Cornwall, UK.
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Dalton HR, Fellows HJ, Stableforth W, Joseph M, Thurairajah PH, Warshow U, Hazeldine S, Remnarace R, Ijaz S, Hussaini SH, Bendall RP. The role of hepatitis E virus testing in drug-induced liver injury. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 26:1429-35. [PMID: 17850420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Locally acquired hepatitis E is an emerging infection in developed countries and can be misdiagnosed as drug-induced liver injury. AIM To study the role of hepatitis E virus (HEV) testing in drug-induced liver injury. METHODS Retrospective review of a cohort of patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury (n = 69) and hepatitis E (n = 45). The standard criteria for drug-induced liver injury were applied. Patients with suspected drug-induced liver injury who met these criteria were retrospectively tested for HEV on stored sera taken at the time of presentation. The two cohorts were compared to determine variables that predicted either of the diagnoses. RESULTS Forty-seven out of 69 patients had criterion-referenced drug-induced liver injury. 22/47 were HEV negative and thus had confirmed drug-induced liver injury. 19/47 were not tested for HEV, as there was no sera available from the time of presentation. 6/47 were HEV positive and thus did not have drug-induced liver injury, but had hepatitis E infection. Compared to patients with confirmed drug-induced liver injury, patients with hepatitis E were significantly more likely to be male (OR 3.09, CI 1.05-9.08); less likely to present in November and December (0.03, CI 0.01-0.52); have lower serum bilirubin (P = 0.015); and higher serum alanine aminotransferase (P < 0.001) and alanine aminotransferase/alkaline phosphatase ratio (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The diagnosis of drug-induced liver injury is not secure without testing for HEV.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Dalton
- Cornwall Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, UK, and Peninsula College of Medicine and Dentistry, Truro, UK.
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Abstract
Although autochthonous hepatitis E has been reported in developed countries, its extent and nature in the United Kingdom are unclear. The aim of the present study was to report the natural history, lifestyle risk factors and molecular epidemiology of autochthonous hepatitis E infection in southwest England. Three hundred and thirty-three patients with unexplained hepatitis were tested for markers of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection over a 7-year period. HEV RNA isolated from the cases was amplified and characterized. Of the 333 patients, 21 had autochthonous hepatitis E. Patients were middle-aged or elderly and males were more commonly affected. Clinical manifestations ranged from asymptomatic infection to severe hepatitis. Of the 21 patients, 20 recovered within 6 weeks. None of the cases had travelled to an area endemic for HEV. None of the patients were vegetarian and all ate pork. Of the 21 cases, 20 occurred in the spring, summer and autumn months. All polymerase-chain-reaction-confirmed cases carried HEV genotype 3, which bore close sequence homology to HEV circulating in UK pigs. In the United Kingdom, autochthonous hepatitis E may be more common than previously recognized. Although the mode of transmission remains to be determined, it may be a zoonosis with pigs as a reservoir. Hepatitis E should be considered a public health issue in the United Kingdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Dalton
- Cornwall Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Dalton
- Cornwall Gastrointestinal Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro TR1 3LJ, UK.
| | | | - M Banks
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, Addlestone, UK
| | - S Ijaz
- Virus Reference Department, Centre for Infections, Health Protection Agency, London, UK
| | - R Bendall
- Clinical Microbiology, Royal Cornwall Hospital Trust, Truro TR1 3LJ, UK
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Tran N, Berne R, Chann R, Gauthier M, Martin D, Armand MA, Ollivet A, Teo CG, Ijaz S, Flichman D, Brunetto M, Bielawski KP, Pichoud C, Zoulim F, Vernet G. European multicenter evaluation of high-density DNA probe arrays for detection of hepatitis B virus resistance mutations and identification of genotypes. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44:2792-800. [PMID: 16891494 PMCID: PMC1594645 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00295-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymorphisms along the hepatitis B virus (HBV) genome have an impact on disease outcome, sensitivity to antiviral treatment, escape from vaccination, and laboratory diagnosis. We have designed a diagnostic tool based on duplex amplification of the whole HBV genome and a high-density DNA chip designed to detect 245 mutations, 20 deletions, and 2 insertions at 151 positions and to determine the genotype of the virus in serum. Assay performances were evaluated with 170 samples, characterized by determination of viral load and sequencing of the Pol, S, and precore genes and the basal core promoter. One hundred fifty-three samples (90%) could be amplified and analyzed by the chip. Only two samples with more than 10(3) genome copies/ml could not be analyzed. Genotype had no impact on analytical sensitivity. Reproducibility studies showed no difference between repeats for codon and genotype determination. Genotype determination by sequencing and the chip were concordant in 148 of 151 samples. Twelve thousand one hundred sixty-one codons were analyzed by both techniques. Only 89.4% could be determined by sequencing, and among the remaining 11,335 codons, 92.8% were identical by sequencing and the chip. Failures to identify an amino acid by the chip were mainly due to reduced hybridization efficiency attributed to unexpected polymorphisms. Optimization of the chip-based reagent for the analysis of the HBV genome is ongoing. This first evaluation showed that DNA chip technology can provide important information in relation to the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tran
- bioMerieux, Emerging Pathogens Department, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
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